1. Biomass for Power GenerationGreg GrotvikBA 205-02, Fall TermDecember 6, 2012

2. Biomass Technician: Introduction Biomass Technician: Job Duties, Outlook Biomass: How it Works Biomass Power plants in the United States Types and uses of Biomass Biomass Technician: Conclusion 3. Biomass Plant TechnicianJob Duties and Work Environment Job Duties Operate biomass fuel-burning. Work Environment Mill Setting 4. Biomass Plant TechnicianJob Outlook, Wages, & Education Outlook: 3700 jobs in the United States Wages: Median wages $25.58 hourly, 53,200Annually. Education Required: Bachelors degree givesapplicant the advantage in the labor market.Long term on the job training required. 5. Biomass to Electricity: How it works Biomass is sizedand dried Once dried,biomass is gasifiedinto a bio-gas. Bio-gas is sentthrough a gasfilter and travelsthrough acombustionturbine After thecombustionturbine, biogas issent through agenerator to asubstation andthen sent to endusers viatransmission lines 6. Biomass Power Plants in the UnitedStatesFacility NameCompany Name City/CountyState Capacity6th Street Aliant EnergyCedar Rapids MI85mwBay FrontXcel Energy IncAshlandWI76mwColbertTVATuscumbiaAL190mwGadsden 2Alabama Power Co GadsdenAL70 mwGreenridge AESDresdenNW161mwTacoma Steam Plant Tacoma PUD Tacoma WA35mw 7. Biomass powerQuestion ResponseQuestion 1: What are the pros and cons ofThe Pros are that Biomass is renewable,biomass for the generation of energy abundant, and readily available. Biomass is also dispatchable and can reduce the dependence on fossil fuelsQuestion 2: What are the barriers to adoption of Barriers to utilization are primarily economic. Thebiomass? current pay rate to utilities is marginal at best. One of the contributing factors is that to reach the scale that encourages positive returns on power production facilities tend to be larger than the end-users needs.Question 3: How can these barriers be mitigated? For power generation it would be mitigated by power purchase rate that reflects a better market value. Some states have tried to encourage a better power purchase rate through renewable energy standard. In Oregon, the need has been met for beyond the next decade Responses courtesy of John Pine, Biomass Resource Specialist, Oregon Department of Forestry 8. Types of Biomass used for powergeneration Agriculture Energy Crops Forestry Urban Wood Waste Garbage 9. Types of Biomass used: Agriculture Rural communities could be entirely self-sufficientby utilizing energy from locally grown crops Uses of the residue of this type of biomass Used as fuel for cars, trucks and farm machinery Used to heat homes and buildings Based on a 2002 Farm Bill, up to $20 Billionavailable in new income to farmers and ruralcommunities Used for reduction of global emissions Which equates to removing 70 million vehicles offthe road. 10. Types of Biomass used: Forestry The costs related to the distribution of forestenergy crops (e.g. wood chips) changesdramatically depending on location Primary roads Secondary roads Additional charge of $10 per dry ton was added 11. Types of Biomass used: Forestry(continued) The study analyzed the following data types: Forestry inventory Logging costs Chipping Distance hauled Wood densities Terrain slope Equipment operating issues 12. Types of Biomass used: Energy CropsTrees Grasses Examples include: Examples include: Willow Switch grass Reed Poplar Canary Sycamore Wheat Sorgum Cottonwood Grasses are native to Oregon These crops are also profitable These trees grow up to 40 If an average sized farmfeet in less than 8 years changes crops from corn toswitch grass, over 66 tract Trees are harvested after 10- loads of soil could be saved20 years and then replanted from erosion. 13. Types of Biomass used: Urban WoodWasteTypes of Urban wood waste General Factsinclude: National average freight cost Wood yard trimmings is $0.24 per ton mile Demolition wood residue Construction wood debris Average distance hauled is 50- Other wood waste100 miles per dry ton Costs include: Local trucking companies had $0-$8 per wet tons for mill estimated that 506 billion tonresiduesmiles have been hauled in one $10-$14 per wet ton for year.urban wood waste residues 14. Types of Biomass used: Garbage Three methods in processing garbage intobiomass power Combustion technologies Cogeneration Cofiring 15. Types of Biomass used: Garbage -Combustion Combustion technology Garbage is placed into a furnace, which converts o biomass to heat energy at 2200 (Fahrenheit) As this biomass is burned, hot gas is released. Gas contains 85% of fuels energy 16. Types of Biomass used: Garbage Co-generation Co-generation Technology From garbage, co-generation produces biomass electricity from steam driven turbine generators Turbine generators have an efficiency of 17-25% If a boiler is added to an turbine, efficiency increases to 85% 17. Types of Biomass used: Garbage Co-firing Co-firing Technology Co-firing is a back-up fuel in a coal burning power plant. Carbon dioxide emissions are decreased from a co-firing power generation plant To maintain efficiency, wood fuel or a modification of the boiler might be required. 18. Biomass for Power Generation Conclusion: Biomass is a more sustainable power source, andemployment opportunities will exist with living wagejobs. Some states have tried to encourage this renewableenergy standards, but in Oregon, we have met the needfor the next decade or more John Pine, Biomass Resource Specialist, OregonDepartment of Forestry 19. Referencesn.d. 2 december 2012. .One net online. n.d. 3 December 2012..Pine, John. Biomass Specialist, OregonDepartment of Forestry Greg Grotvik. 3 December2012.