Effect of the addition Different Carbon Sources on Bio-flocs formation in Pacific White Shrimp Culture System

Litopenaeus vannamei

Muhammad Hanif Azhar Eddy Supriyono Kukuh Nirmala

Julie Ekasari

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologiBogor, October 12th 2016

BIO-FLOCS TECHNOLOGY (BFT)EN

VIRO

NMEN

TAL

• ↓ Eutrophication• ↓ Sedimentation• ↓ Escapement• ↑ Nitrogen assimilation• ↑ Water quality stability• ↓ Pathogen introduction(Wasilesky, 2006)

Econ

omic

• ↑ Growth factors• ↓ Production costs

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Feed (C,N)

Non UtilizedC, NH4

CO2

NO3 Microbial Protein

Recycle Protein

Add Carbon

Nitrogen Cycle in Bio-flocs Ponds

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

• BFT is based on the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen species (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) by the microbial community present within the pond water. This can be accomplished by aiming at a high C/N ratio in the water (Azim et al., 2007).

C:N RatioHigh Density

Microbial Community

Aeration

Bio-flocs Technogy

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

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Objective

• Identifying the diversity of bacterial in shrimp culture with BFT and floc-forming structure.

• To determine the floc volume based on the type of carbon source used.

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Carbon sources

1 2 3 4

1.Molasses2.Tapioca3.Tapioca by-Product4.Rice Bran

C/N Ratio 15

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

METHOD

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

1. Molasses2. Tapioca3. Tapioca By-product4. Rice Bran5. Control

5 Treatmens 4

Replicate

C:N Ratio 15 15

METHOD

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Feed

Commercial feed(Feng li, PT. Matahari Sakti )

30% crude Protein% F/ D

ΔCH : The amount of carbohydrate addition%N Feed : The nitrogen from feed.%N excretion : The feed nitrogen are excreted [C/N]mic : C/N ratio in the microbial biomass.% C : The carbon content of the added carbohydrateE : The microbial conversion efficiency Avnimelech, 1999

∆𝑪𝑯=(𝑭𝒆𝒆𝒅×%𝑵 𝑭𝒆𝒆𝒅×%𝑵𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 )× [𝑪 /𝑵 ]𝒎𝒊𝒄

% 𝑪×𝑬

Formula The amount of carbohydrate addition in Intensive Aquaculture Systems

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

METHOD

90 L

Carbon Source Addition (1x/ day)

Sterilization (25 ppm)30 Pacific white shrimp(Biomass ± 40 grams) Feed (4x/ day)

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Parameter was Observed

1.Floc-Forming2.Bacterial Identification

3.Floc Volume

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Analysis Data

Microsoft Excell 2007 program

• Bacterial Identification

• Floc-Forming• Floc Volume

Descriptive

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

A B

C D

Bio-floc Micrograf (400x )

A. MollasesB. TapiocaC. Rice BranD. Tapioca by-Product

C

A

D

B

Floc Structure and its composition

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Treatment GenusMolasses Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Kurthia

Tapioca Actinobacter, Bacillus

Rice Bran Bacillus, Eikenella

Tapioca by- Product

Actinobacter, Actinobacillus, Enterobacteria, Bacillus

Bacterial Identification

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

h0 h7 h14 h21 h28 h35 h42 h490

5

10

15

20

25

30

MollasesTapiocaRice BranTapioca by-ProductControl

Day Sampling

Floc

Vol

ume (

ml/ L

)Floc Volume

International Conference of Aquaculture BiotechnologyBogor, October 12th 2016

Conclusion

1) In bio-flocs profile in each treatment was found several types of microorganisms include microworms, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and protozoa.

2) Bacillus sp. is a type of bacteria found in all treatments with the addition of a carbon source.

3) Floc volume increased until the end of the maintenance period vaname shrimp in all treatment.

Avnimelech, Y. 1999. Carbon/ nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture system. Aquaculture 176, 227-235.

Azim, M.E., Little, D.C., Bron, J.E., 2007. Microbial protein production in activated suspension tanks manipulating C:N ratio in feed and the implications for fish culture. Bioresource Technology 99 (9), 3590–3599

Bergey, D.H., Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H., Staley, J.T., Williams, S.T. 1993. Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Ed ke-9. United States of America: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Chamberlain G, Avnimelech Y, McIntosh RP, Velasco M. 2001. Advantages of aerated microbial reuse systems with balanced C/N : Nutrient tranformation and water quality benefits. Global Aquaculture Alliance : April 2001.

Crab, R., Y. Avnimelech, T. Defoirdt, P. Bossier, and W. Verstraete. 2007. Nitrogen Removal Techniques in Aquaculture for Sustainable Production. Aquaculture, 270: 1-14.

De Schryver, P., R. Carb, P. Derfoirth, N. Boon, W. Verstrete. 2008. The basics of bio-flocs technology: The added value for aquaculture. Aquaculture 277, 125–137.

Ebeling, J.M., Timmons, M.B., Bisogni, J.J. 2006. Engineering analysis of stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 257, 346-358.

Hargreaves, J.A. 2006. Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture. Aquac. Eng. 34, 344–363.

Wasielesky, W (Jr.), Atwood, H., Stokes. A., Browdy C.L. 2006. Effect of natural production in brown water super-intensive culture system for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 256: 396 - 403

Reference

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