Bell ringer

1. Get with your groups and be ready to present your political cartoon!

2. Make sure you have all of your papers (role sheets, written description, and cartoon)

3. Get out your Expansion of President Chart (with the five presidents).

Presentation time!Presidential Cartoons – On the back of your worksheet:• Which President?• Summarize what is seen in political

cartoon.• List the:

• Type of humor used • List the symbols used

The BureaucracyThe Invisible Government

Bureaucracy• A large organization structured hierarchically to carry out

specific functions to make it more efficient

Bureaucrat• A person who works for an organization, has defined

duties and responsibilities

Features of a Bureaucracy• 1. Hierarchical authority – built on a pyramid with a

chain of command• Benefits: speeds action, reduces conflict over decisions

Features of a Bureaucracy• 2. Job specialization – bureaucrat has defined duties with a precise

division of labor• Benefits: each person has own job and gains specialized skills

Features of a Bureaucracy• 3. Formal rules – does work according to set of regulations and

procedures• Benefits: decisions based on these, can do things even if people

leave

The Federal Bureaucracy

What is the federal bureaucracy?

The Federal Bureaucracy is:4 million employees; 2.8 million are

civilians or “civil servants”President only appoints 3% (patronage or

political appointments)15 cabinet level departments200+ independent agencies with 2,000+

bureaus, divisions, branches, etc. Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal

Service, Veterans Administration

Bureaucrats at Work

Image of Bureaucracy• People have a very negative image of government

bureaucracy—Why?• Faceless• Nameless• “red tape”• (Compare the agent at the DMV to a cell phone customer

service rep)• (What do we think of when we think of a fireman)• “…we expect bureaucracies not merely to expend maximum

effort in solving societal problems but to dispose of them entirely, whether solvable or not.” Charles Goodsell

The Federal Bureaucracy

How is the federal bureaucracy organized?

The Federal Bureaucracy

Consists of1. Executive Office of the President2. Cabinet Departments 3. Independent Agencies

• Independent Executive Agencies• Independent Regulatory Commissions

4. Government Corporations

The Name Game

• Department: agencies of cabinet rank• Agency: refers to any governmental body. Identify a

major unit headed by a single administrator of near-cabinet status (Environmental Protection Agency)

• Administration: refers to any governmental body (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

• Commission: agencies charged with regulation of business activities (Federal Communications Commissions)

• Corporation/Authority: agencies that conduct business-like activities (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

Federal Bureaucracy

President Congress

Executive Officeof the President(Ex: OMB, NSC)

Government Corporations(Ex: Amtrack, Postal Service)

Independent Regulatory Commissions(Ex: FCC, SEC)

Independent Executive Agencies(Ex: CIA, NASA)

CabinetDepartments(Ex: State, Defense)

Organization of the U.S. Government

“No government ever voluntarily reduces itself in size. Government programs, once launched, never disappear. Actually, a government bureau is the nearest thing to eternal life we’ll ever see on this earth!” Ronald Reagan, 1964

Bell Ringer

Define bureaucracy and explain the three

features of it.

The Executive Office of the President

Why it matters?• Composed of President’s closest advisors and several

support agencies.• Chief executive’s right arm in the formation and

execution of nation’s public policies.

The White House Office

1. Purpose: • Nerve center for entire executive branch

2. Why Critical:• Presidents most trusted advisors• Influential in determining national policy

3. How Helps:• Advisors gather information in area of expertise and present

to the President

The National Security Council (NSA)

1. Purpose: • Advises President on National Security

2. Why Critical:• President consults with top advisors in group before making

most major steps in foreign affairs

3. How Helps:• Help President formulate foreign policy based on

President’s priorities

Office of Management and Budget

1. Purpose: • Prepare federal budget submitted annually to Congress

2. Why Critical:• Detailed work plan for conduct of government.• Study organization and management• Keeps President informed on other agencies

3. How Helps:• Allocated to programs according to President’s priorities• Helps take stand on legislation

Bell Ringer

If you were an advisor to the President in the National Security

Counsel how would you advise the President to react to the

situation in the Ukraine? Explain (3 sentences).

Current White House Staff

• Chief of Staff: • Dennis

McDonough

• Press Secretary: • Jay Carney

The Executive Departments

Why it matters?• Fifteen executive departments carry out much of the

Federal Government’s work.• The heads of these departments frequently meet with the

President and other officials as the Cabinet.

Organization

• Headed by Secretary (or Attorney General)• Deputy Secretary aids Secretary• Divided into smaller units• Agencies have offices around country

Largest: Department of Defense

Newest: Department of Homeland Security

Organization of Homeland Security Agencies after 9/11

The Cabinet

• Who is it?• Group of advisors to the President• 15 total heads of the Executive Departments

• Choosing Members:• President appoints (confirmed by Senate)• Factors: party, experience, abilities, gender, race

• Cabinet’s Role:• Administrative head of one of the executive departments• Together advisors to the president

Secretary of Ag.Thomas Vilsack

Secretary of CommercePenny Pritzker Secretary of Education

Arne Duncan

Secretary of DefenseChuck Hagel

Secretary of EnergyErnest Moniz

Secretary of Health/Human ServicesKathleen Sebelius

Secretary of Housing/Urban DevelopmentShaun Donovan

Attorney GeneralEric Holder Secretary of Labor

Thomas Perez

Secretary of Homeland Sec.Jeh Johnson

Secretary of InteriorSally Jewell

Secretary of StateJohn Kerry

Secretary of TransportationAnthony Foxx

Secretary of TreasuryJack Lew

Secretary of Veterans AffairsEric Shinseki

Exit Ticket

Do you believe the E.O.P or the Cabinet are more influential in

helping the President make decisions? Why?

Bell Ringer

How many current Cabinet Departments do we have? Which

do you think has the biggest influence on the President? Why?

Dept. of Veterans Affairs

Dept. of Treasury

Dept. of Transportation

State Dept.

Dept. of L

aborDept. of Justice

Dept. of

Interior

Dept. Agriculture

Dept. Homeland Security

Dept.

Housing/Urban

Dev.

Dept.

Health/Human

Services

Dept.

Education

Dept. Energy

Dept. DefenseDept. Commerce

Exit Ticket

Which agency are you doing? What is one fact you have found

out about the agency?

Bell Ringer

Why are Independent Agencies needed? List

the three types and define them.

Independent Agencies

Why it matters?• 150 executive branch agencies are not located in 15

departments• Some rival Cabinet departments in size of budget,

functions, and number of employees

Why Independent Agencies?

• Agencies don’t fit within departments• To protect agencies from political party pressures• Accident• Peculiar nature of functions

Independent Executive Agencies

• Define: • include most independent agencies• organized like Cabinet departments

• But DO NOT have Cabinet status

• Examples:• Civil Rights Commission, Federal Election Commission,

American Battle Monuments Commission, Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee

Independent Regulatory Commissions

• Define: • Stand out because beyond reach of presidential direction

and control because structured by Congress• 10 total agencies• Created to regulate, or police, important aspects of the

nation’s economy

• Examples:• Security Exchange Commission (SEC), Federal Reserve

Government Corporations

• Define: • Within executive branch and subject to Presidential control• Set up like a private corporation

• Run by board of directors with manager

• Produce Income that is put back into the business• President selects with Senate confirmation

• Examples:• FDIC, Post Office, Export-Import Bank of the U.S.

Civil Service

• People who perform administrative work for government• 2.7 million people – not appointed by the President, but hired

separately

• Development:• Patronage: Giving jobs to supporters and friends (Jefferson)• Spoils System: Giving offices and other favors of government to

political supports and friends (Jackson)

• Today:• The Office of Personnel Management

• Central clearinghouse in federal recruiting, examining, and hiring process• Advertises for employees, examines those who apply, keeps registers, and

contacts potential employees.

Central Intelligence Agency: Director - John O. Brennan

Consumer Product Safety Commission:Commissioner Bob Adler

Environmental Protection Agency:Administrator Gina McCarthy

Federal CommunicationsCommission:Chairman Tom Wheeler

Federal Election Commission: Chairman Lee E. Goodman

Federal Emergency Management Agency:W. Craig Fugate

Federal Trade Commission:Chairwoman Edith Ramirez

National Transportation SafetyBoard:Chairman Deborah Hersman

Nuclear Regulatory Commission:Chairman Allison M. Macfarlane

Federal Energy Regulatory Comm.:Chairman Cheryl A. Lafleur

National Labor RelationsBoard:Chairman Marc G Pearce

Social Security Admin.:Commissioner Carolyn W. Colvin

NASA: AdministratorMajor Charles F. Bolden, Jr.

Peace Corps:Director Carrie Hessler-Radelet

Civil Rights Commission:Chairman Martin R. Castro

Bell Ringer

First, define what the civil service is. Next, looking at this chart,

what can you say about the profile of

civil service employees?

Extra Credit

What are the 15 Cabinet Departments?

(List as many as you can)

Exit Ticket

When is your:

Project Due?

Test?

Unit 4 – part 1 study guide

Roles of the President – Chief Executive:Chief Diplomat:Commander in Chief:Chief of State:Chief Citizen:Chief of Party:Chief Legislator:Chief Administrator:

Presidential Qualifications – Presidential Term/Term limits (22nd Amendment) – Pay and Benefits – Succession – 25th AmendmentPresidential Succession Act of 1947:Order of Succession:

Vice Presidency – Roles

Electing the President – Electors (amount needed):Electoral College (positives and negatives):

Powers of the President – Formal:

Informal:

Executive Powers:Ordinance PowerExecutive Order:Executive Agreement:Executive Privilege:Appointment PowerRemoval PowerJudicial Powers:Powers of ClemencyReprievePardonPower of CommutationPower of Amnesty

Legislative Powers:

Military Powers:

Diplomatic PowersTreatiesExecutive Agreements

How these powers have expanded:

Bureaucracy – Define:Bureaucrat:Features of a Bureaucracy:

Differences between departments, agencies, commissions, administrations, and corporations:

Executive Office of the President:PurposeWhite House OfficeNational Security CouncilOffice of Management and BudgetOther agencies

Executive Departments:PurposeGrowthCriteriaAppointment15 Cabinet DepartmentsIndependent Agencies:PurposeIndependent Executive AgenciesIndependent Regulatory CommissionsGovernment Corporations

Civil Service:PurposePatronageSpoils System

Office of Personnel Management