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The Muscular System

Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards

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Directions

• The first slide asks a question.

• The second slide answers the question.

• Use these slides like flash cards to test your core knowledge.

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Question

Name the three types of muscle tissue and their classifications.

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Answer

1. Skeletal muscle = striated and voluntary

2. Cardiac muscle = striated and involuntary

3. Smooth muscle = non-striated and involuntary

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Question

What are the dark bands in cardiac muscle tissue called?

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Answer

Intercalated disks

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Question

What is the origin of a muscle?

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Answer

The muscle attachment to a stationary bone.

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Question

The attachment to a moveable bone is called the ______.

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Answer

Insertion

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Question

What do tendons do?

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Answer

Tendons connect muscle to bone.

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Question

The microscopic structure of a muscle consists of specialized contractile cells called muscle fibers. Each muscle fiber is filled with two structures called thick and thin myofilaments. What are the names for the thick and thin myofilaments?

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Answer

• Thick=myosin

• Thin=actin

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Question

What is a sarcomere?

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Answer

The contractile unit of a skeletal muscle.

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Question

Explain the sliding filament theory.

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Answer

During contraction, the actin and myosin in a muscle fiber attach to each other by forming bridges acting as levers to pull the myofilaments past each other. Calcium must be present.

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Question

What does adenosine triphosphate (ATP) do?

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Answer

It provides energy for muscle cells.

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Question

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

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Answer

• Movement

• Posture or muscle tone

• Heat Production

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Question

In providing movement, skeletal muscle have prime movers (agonists), synergists, and antagonists. Please define.

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Answer

1. Prime movers (agonists): carries out the action.

2. Synergists: supports the prime mover.

3. Antagonists: muscles with actions opposite of those of the prime movers.

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Question

We can maintain an upright position during standing, sitting, etc., because of a specialized skeletal muscle contraction called ______.

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Answer

Tonic contraction

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Question

What is a motor unit?

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Answer

A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it innervates.

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Question

The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the ______.

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Answer

Threshold stimulus

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Question

What is muscle wasting?

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Answer

Atrophy

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Question

Looking at a cross section of a muscle belly, many cylindrical structures called fascicles can be seen. Fascicles are bundles of ______.

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Answer

Muscle fibers

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Question

Once stimulated by a threshold stimulus, a muscle fiber will contract completely. This response is called ______.

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Answer

All or none