Arduino2013

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Arduino for the classroom

Dr. Francisco Pérez GarcíaInstitut Pompeu Fabra

Asssociation of Science Education Annual Conference, 3rd January 2013

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Previous experiences: Contemporary Sciences and Research

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_xkHOpMA9s

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbuvE1n18ZE

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My experience with students (Technology branch):

Course 2011-2012Year 11: 16-17 years old4h per weekNumber of students: 12

Course 2012-2013 (Set 2012-Dec 2012)Year 11: 16-17 years old4h per weekNumber of students: 16(Also 2 students of year 12: 17-18 years old in their compulsory RESEARCH PROJECT)

First term: programming with CSecond term: simple projects with Arduino and preparing projectThird term: original project with Arduino

At Institut Pompeu Fabra (High School in Martorell near Barcelona, Catalonia)

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Student blogs 2011-2012 (Catalan language and part in English)http://cricardoromani.wordpress.comhttp://cdanielaparicio.wordpress.comhttp://cjordinieto.wordpress.comhttp://cjosepalemany.wordpress.comhttp://cadrianarrebola.wordpress.comhttp://calexdelrincon.wordpress.comhttp://ccristiansegovia.wordpress.com

Student blogs 2012-2013 (Only in English language)http://candreamasegosa.wordpress.comhttp://ckelianpordoy.wordpress.comhttp://civanroldan.wordpress.comhttp://cadriansanchez.wordpress.comhttp://cvictorsalvador.wordpress.comhttp://ccarlesdelaiglesia.wordpress.com

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WHY PROGRAMMING?

• Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes. Edsger Dijkstra

• The computer revolution hasn’t happened yet. Allan Kay

• Debugging is the essence of intellectual activity. Seymour Pappert

TINKERING

Tinkering, the “MacGyver” styleFrom the “Tinkering” exhibition at the Exploratorium,San Francisco:

“Tinkering is what happens when you try something youdon’t quite know how to do, guided by whim, imagination,and curiosity.When you tinker, there are no instructions - but thereare also no failures, no right or wrong ways of doingthings. It’s about figuring out how things work andreworking them.Contraptions, machines, wildly mismatched objectsworking in harmony - This the stuff of tinkering.”

This definition says a lot about the Arduino way ofprototyping. Actually there is not a manual on how to do things but a reference collection of samples that people can modify and combine with other examples to learn about the logic of the programme and the board.It’s a “hands on” way of working in which even junkbecomes a source for learning and building prototypes.The reuse of material from other fields is an other bigknowledge and material source. Learning how to dothings by looking how other things work and can behacked.Circuit bending and patching are two key words in thislearning school.

THE HACKER ATTITUDE FOR OUR STUDENTS

The Hacker Attitude for our students

Five things taken from Eric S. Raymond’s How To Become a Hacker:1. The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved.2. No problem should ever have to be solved twice.3. Boredom and drudgery are evil.4. Freedom is good.5. Attitude is no substitute for competence.

What is Arduino

• Open Source Hardware, you can make your own board, or buy one.

• Cheap, easily available.• Open Source Software.• Very widespread, many projects openly

available.• Extra HW (shields) available (over 250 at

http://shieldlist.com.

ESPLORA

LEONARDO

Arduino Uno

Arduino Language

• C like syntax, but simplified• Abstracts the pin naming to numbers• Trades efficience for ease of use• Easy to learn, yet powerful• Lots of example code • Easy to reuse C-code from other projects• Libraries can be written in C++• Lots of libraries available

Console

Download Arduino software atwww.arduino.cc

BOARD TYPE

Sketch name or versionToolbar

OpenNew

UploadVerify Code

Comments about thecode

Setup codeDefine variables

Loop codeMain code

/*BlinkTurns on an LED on for one second,then off for one second, repeatedly.This example code is based on example code that is in the public domain.*/const int LED = 13; /* LED connected to digital pin 13*/void setup() {// initialize the digital pin as an output./*Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards: */pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);}void loop() {digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // set the LED ondelay(1000); // wait for a seconddigitalWrite(LED, LOW); // set the LED off delay(1000); // wait for a second}

Blink code is the equivalent to a Hello world to test our Arduino board

Transistor IRF530DC motor

Diode 1N4001Resistor

Arduino Uno

ARDUINO AND A DC MOTOR

AND THISSOURCE CODE

const int transistorPin = 9; // connected to transistor gate

void setup() {pinMode(transistorPin, OUTPUT);}

void loop() { // loop= repeat again and againdigitalWrite(transistorPin, HIGH); // switch the motor ondelay(50); // wait for 50 milisecondsdigitalWrite(transistorPin, LOW); // switch the motor offdelay(5000); // wait for 5 seconds

SOURCE CODE FOR ARDUINO MOTOR

MOTOR TO IRRADIATE A SURFACE VERY SLOWLY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQEtOJE02wE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1iUjelHC6w

RGB LED BLINKING

int Columns[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};int Rows[] = {12, 11, 10};int t=400;void setup(){int counter;for (int counter = 0; counter < 10; counter++){pinMode(Columns[counter], OUTPUT); }for (int counter = 0; counter < 4; counter++){pinMode(Rows[counter], OUTPUT); }}void loop(){digitalWrite(Rows[1], HIGH);digitalWrite(Columns[4], HIGH);delay(t);

Controlling LEDs cubes: Explosion example

/*For loop: if this conditional is true do the code insidethe curly brackets, if it’s false exists the for loop*/

for(int i=0;i<t;i++){ if(i%2==0){ digitalWrite(Rows[0], LOW); digitalWrite(Rows[2], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[3], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[5], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[7], HIGH); } else { digitalWrite(Columns[1], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[3], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[5], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[7], LOW); digitalWrite(Rows[0], HIGH); digitalWrite(Rows[2], HIGH); } delay(1);} for(int j=0; j<t; j++){ if(j%2==0){ digitalWrite(Columns[0], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[2], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[8], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[6], LOW);

} else { digitalWrite(Rows[0], LOW); digitalWrite(Rows[2], LOW); digitalWrite(Columns[0], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[2], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[8], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[6], HIGH); } delay(1); } digitalWrite(Rows[0], HIGH); digitalWrite(Rows[2], HIGH); delay(t); for (int counter = 0; counter < 10; counter++){digitalWrite(Columns[counter], LOW); }for (int counter = 0; counter < 4; counter++){digitalWrite(Rows[counter], LOW); }}

digitalWrite(Rows[0], HIGH); digitalWrite(Rows[2], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[1], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[3], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[5], HIGH); digitalWrite(Columns[7], HIGH);

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4Qo9NDDRco

Materials forLDR and LED-RGB using Arduino

● -4 resistor 220 Ω

● -1 LDR sensor

● -1 RGB LED

● -1 potenciometer

● -1 Arduino Uno

● - Wire

● - Breadboard

● - USB wire AB type or microUSB for Arduino Leonardo

Pulse width modulation

Microcontroller ATMega328

Sensors(analog inputs)

SmellHearing

Muscles

Nerves Wires, Circuit

Actuators(analogoutputs)

Analog to digital conversion

Analog sensor 0 to 5V

Sampling at Nyquist rate

Value of each sample transformed to binaryformat

SOURCE CODE: RGB-LED colour change depending on light level

int valueLDR = 1;

int ledRed = 9;

int ledGreen=10;

int ledBlue=11;

int pinLDR = 1;

//3 outputs for each RGB colour: red, green and blue

void setup(){

pinMode(ledRed, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledGreen, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledBlue, OUTPUT);

analogReference(EXTERNAL);

/*First we define the variable name as integer and it is assigneda value*/

/*The setup function comes before the loop function, and everythinghappens inside the curly backets*/

/*Outputs are declared in setup, this is done by usingthe pinMode function, in this particular example we declare numbers 9, 10 and 11 as OUTPUT (in capital letters)*/

// or /*Comment*/ can be anywhere, do not affect code, help others

void loop() {

valueLDR = analogRead(pinLDR);

if(valueLDR >= 1023){

digitalWrite(ledRed, 128);

digitalWrite(ledGreen, 0);

digitalWrite(ledBlue, 0);

// digitalWrite to obtain different colours

else if((valueLDR >= 959) & (valueLDR < 1023)){

The “void” in the header is what the function will return (or spit out) when it happens, in this case it returns nothing so it is void

digitalWrite(ledBlue, 0);}

else if((valueLDR >= 127) & (valueLDR < 191))

else if((valueLDR >= 63) & (valueLDR < 127))

else if((valueLDR >=0) & (valueLDR < 63)){

digitalWrite(ledBlue, 55); }

void color(int red, int green, int blue)

analogWrite(ledRed, 255-red);

analogWrite(ledGreen, 255-green);

analogWrite(ledBlue, 255-blue);

// PWM for every colour

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxkYNy4zTWc

Playing music with Arduinohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDL9WIVfS9w

Spychip technology?

SENSORS FOR ARDUINO

Transistor: to amplify the signal of the sensor to the Arduino

Sensors with 1kOhm resistor an NPN amplifier transistor and a 7805 regulator transitor and sensors from Sandbox Electronics, battery, LCD and Arduino Uno board

LED RGB AS AN EMITTER AND NORMAL LED AS A SENSOR AND PROGRAM THE BRUNTON ALGORITHM TO TRANSFORM RGB EMISSION TO WAVELENGTH 350-700u

Cloud internet of things platforms: www.cosm.comVisualize and store sensor data online www.nimbits.com

www.thingspeak.com

http://www.virtualbreadboard.net

Approximate pricing

• Arduino Leonardo €25• Resistors, LEDs, LDR around €5• Breadboard €10• MQ sensors (CO, CH4, etc) €5 each• MG811 (CO2 sensor) €50• Voice recognition shield €60• Arduino for Android €50Sometimes very high import taxes from China!

Resources• www.arduino.cc• http://blocs.xtec.cat/mecanica• www.sparkfun.com• www.fritzing.org• www.buildinginternetofthings.com• www.atmel.com/avr• www.avrfreaks.net• www.mcselec.com• www.argentdata.com

ACKNOWLEGMENTS

This project on Arduino for the classroom is part of a project entitled«Contemporary Sciences and Research» given to Institut Pompeu Fabrafrom 2012 to 2014 and includes a book edition on Contemporary Sciences

More information on Arduino and videos http://blocs.xtec.cat/mecanica

More information on the whole project at http://blocs.xtec.cat/pile

Book available on Nature magazine discoveries in 2012 supported by this project at http://www.formaciovirtual.com/cs

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