Transcript of Animal Evolution. But first….some review! Unlike plants, animals have… A.Cell membranes...
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- Animal Evolution
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- But first.some review!
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- Unlike plants, animals have A.Cell membranes B.Histone proteins
C.Cell walls D.Centrioles E.Glucose molecules
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- The organism to the right belongs to the phylum: A.Reptilia
B.Mammalia C.Amphibia D.Chordata E.Arthropoda
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- The principal components of viruses are: 1.Protein and lipid
2.DNA and RNA 3.RNA and lipid 4.DNA and carbohydrate 5.protein and
nucleic acid
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- Animal Evolution Monophyletic Common ancestor Colonial
Flagellate Hypothesis All animals descended from a colony of hollow
spherical cells
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- Animal Classification 1.Tissue organization May be made of
cells, tissues or organs 3 GERM LAYERS Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm
DIPLOBLASTIC just endo & ectoderm; have tissues only (no
organs) TRIPLOBLASTIC all three; have organs
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- Animal Classification 2.Symmetry Asymmetrical Symmetrical
Cephalization
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- Animal Classification 3.Body Plan Sac plan One opening for food
to enter and exit Tube w/in a tube Mouth and anus Allows for
specialization along digestive tract
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- Animal Classification 4.Type of Coelom Acoelomates No body
cavity or coelum (tube) Psuedocoelomates Body cavity incompletely
lined by mesoderm Coelomates Body cavity completely lined by
mesoderm
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- Animal Classification PROTOSOMES First embryonic opening
(blastopore) becomes the mouth of the organism DEUTEROSOMES First
embryonic opening becomes the anus
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- Animal Classification 5.Segmentation Evolutionary Advantage of
Segmentation?
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- And finally 6.Molecular Data Closely related organisms should
have a similar nucleotide sequence
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- Animal Structure & Organization
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- Tissues 4 types EPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE MUSCULAR NERVOUS
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- Epithelial Tissue Protective layer of cell that lines body
cavities Specialized to: Secrete Absorb Excrete filter
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- Types of Epithelial Tissue SIMPLE one layer STRATIFIED - more
than one layer BASEMENT MEMBRANE bottom
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- Tissue TypeLocationFunctional Significance Simple squamous
Lungs Ciliated Columnar Small Intestine Stratified squamous Nasal
Passages
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- Connective Tissue Many shapes and sizes, but all have:
Specialized cells Ground substance Non-cellular stuff that
separates the cells Solid, liquid or gel Protein fibers
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- Connective Tissue 4 types Fibrous Loose Adipose Dense
Supportive Cartilage Bone Fluid Blood Lymph
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- Muscle Cells with actin and myosin filaments that allow for
movement 3 types SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC
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- Nervous Tissue Functions in sensing, interpreting, and
responding to stimuli NEURON NEUROGLIAL CELL support and nourishes
neurons
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- Organ Systems & Homeostasis
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- The Skin as an Organ How is the skin adapted in each of the
following organisms?
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- Skin as an Organ Skin has many layers Epidermis Outer
protective layer Dermis Contains receptors and blood supply
Subcutaneous Fat layer Blood supply
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- Body Cavities Various body cavities contain different organs
Ventral (belly) cavity of human develops from coelom
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- Homeostasis Give an example of how each system helps the body
maintain homeostasis. RespiratoryDigestive
CardiovascularCirculatory Skeletal Muscular
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- Negative Feedback Sensor becomes active when a change is
detected Signals control center which then fixes the problem
Examples?
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- Positive Feedback Stimulus causes a greater change in the same
direction Example: Pressure of the babys head pushes on cervix
Stimulates release of oxcytocin Oxcytocin stimulates contraction of
uterus and more pressure
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- Critiquing a research paper which form of feedback? 1.Negative
2.Positive
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- Which of the following best describes the set point of a
homeostatic system? A.The cells that collect and transmit
information about the state of the system. B.The cells that receive
information about the state of the system and that direct changes
to the system. C.The various components that produce appropriate
changes in the system. D.The target or normal value of the
parameter in question. 0 of 30