Anatomy-Anatomy-Muscular SystemMuscular System

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Characteristics & Characteristics &

FunctionFunction

BellworkBellwork

What is a What is a concentric concentric contraction?contraction?

Eccentric Eccentric contraction?contraction?

Isometric Isometric contraction?contraction?

ObjectivesObjectives

Students will be able to:Students will be able to: Identify skeletal muscles, their Identify skeletal muscles, their

attachments & actionattachments & action

TerminologyTerminology

DorsiflexionDorsiflexion Upward Upward

bending of the bending of the footfoot Pulling toes upPulling toes up

TerminologyTerminology

Plantar FlexionPlantar Flexion Downward Downward

bending of the bending of the footfoot Pointing toesPointing toes

Dancers primarily plantarflex

FaceFace

OriginOrigin Zygomatic archZygomatic arch

InsertionInsertion MandibleMandible

ActionAction Closes the jawCloses the jaw Raises the Raises the

mandiblemandible

MasseterMasseter

The Chewing The Chewing Muscle!Muscle!

How would we How would we CONTRACT CONTRACT this muscle?this muscle?

Neck MuscleNeck Muscle SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid

Sterno – SternumSterno – Sternum Cleido – ClavicleCleido – Clavicle Mastoid – Mastoid Mastoid – Mastoid

ProcessProcess OriginOrigin

Sternum (near Sternum (near manubrium)manubrium)

Clavicle (medial end)Clavicle (medial end) InsertionInsertion

Mastoid Process Mastoid Process

SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid

ActionAction

1.1. Bilaterally, Flex Bilaterally, Flex CervicalCervical

2.2. Unilaterally, Unilaterally, rotation to rotation to opposite sideopposite side

AbdominalsAbdominals

Rectus AbdominisRectus Abdominis OriginOrigin

PubisPubis InsertionInsertion

Xiphoid processXiphoid process Costal cartilage (5-Costal cartilage (5-

7)7)

Rectus AbdominusRectus Abdominus

ActionAction Compresses abdominal cavityCompresses abdominal cavity Flexion of trunkFlexion of trunk

Upper Extremity MusclesUpper Extremity Muscles

TrapeziusTrapezius OriginOrigin

OccipitalOccipital Spinous process Spinous process

C7-T12C7-T12 InsertionInsertion

Lateral clavicleLateral clavicle Scapular spineScapular spine

TrapeziusTrapezius

What exercises What exercises could someone do could someone do to work their to work their traps?traps?

ActionAction ElevationElevation DepressionDepression RetractionRetraction Stabilizes Stabilizes

scapulascapula

Shrugs Upright Row

Scap Retraction with bands

Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity

Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi OriginOrigin

Spinous process Spinous process T6-S5T6-S5

Iliac crestIliac crest InsertionInsertion

Medial humerusMedial humerus

Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi

ActionAction Extension @ shoulderExtension @ shoulder Adduction of humerusAdduction of humerus

Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity

Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major OriginOrigin

Medial clavicleMedial clavicle SternumSternum Costal cartilage Costal cartilage

(1-6)(1-6) InsertionInsertion

Proximal Proximal HumerusHumerus

Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major

ActionAction FlexionFlexion Adduction of Adduction of

humerushumerus

Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity

Deltoid - AnteriorDeltoid - Anterior OriginOrigin

Lateral clavicleLateral clavicle InsertionInsertion

Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity of humerusof humerus

Anterior DeltoidAnterior Deltoid

ActionAction FlexionFlexion HHorizontal adduction of orizontal adduction of

humerushumerus

Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity Deltoid - MiddleDeltoid - Middle OriginOrigin

Acromion processAcromion process InsertionInsertion

Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity of humerusof humerus

Middle DeltoidMiddle Deltoid ActionAction

Abduction of Abduction of humerus to 90 humerus to 90 degrees degrees

Upper ExtremityUpper Extremity

Deltoid - Deltoid - PosteriorPosterior

OriginOrigin Scapular spineScapular spine

InsertionInsertion Deltoid Deltoid

tuberosity of tuberosity of humerushumerus

Posterior DeltoidPosterior Deltoid

ActionAction ExtensionExtension Horizontal abduction of humerus Horizontal abduction of humerus

Flash Card Time!Flash Card Time! Make Flash Cards Make Flash Cards

for the following:for the following: MasseterMasseter SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid Rectus AbdominusRectus Abdominus TrapeziusTrapezius Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major DeltoidDeltoid

AnteriorAnterior MiddleMiddle PosteriorPosterior

On one side: Name

On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Rotator Cuff MusclesRotator Cuff Muscles They originate on They originate on

the scapula & insert the scapula & insert on the humeral headon the humeral head

They hold the head They hold the head of the humerus IN of the humerus IN the Glenoid Fossa of the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula.the Scapula. Keep shoulder in Keep shoulder in

socket.socket.

4 Muscles make up the 4 Muscles make up the Rotator Cuff:Rotator Cuff: SupraspinatusSupraspinatus InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres MinorTeres Minor SubscapularisSubscapularis

SupraspinatusSupraspinatus Origin:Origin:

Supraspinous Fossa of Supraspinous Fossa of ScapulaScapula

InsertionInsertion Greater Tubercle of Greater Tubercle of

HumerusHumerus ActionAction

Abduction of humerusAbduction of humerus Stabilize head of humerus Stabilize head of humerus

Supraspinatus in Action!Supraspinatus in Action!

Laying a ball up Laying a ball up in basketballin basketball

Jumping JackJumping Jack Abduction of Abduction of

shouldershoulder

InfraspinatusInfraspinatus OriginOrigin

Infraspinous fossa of Infraspinous fossa of scapulascapula

InsertionInsertion Greater tubercle of Greater tubercle of

humerushumerus ActionAction

Lateral rotation of Lateral rotation of humerushumerus

Or External RotationOr External Rotation Stabilize head of humerusStabilize head of humerus

What view is this What view is this picture?picture?

Infraspinatus in Action!Infraspinatus in Action!

Teres MinorTeres Minor OriginOrigin

Lateral boarder of Lateral boarder of scapulascapula

InsertionInsertion Greater tubercle of Greater tubercle of

humerushumerus ActionAction

Lateral rotation of Lateral rotation of humerushumerus

External RotationExternal Rotation Stabilize head of Stabilize head of

humerus humerus

Teres Minor in Action!Teres Minor in Action! Much like the Much like the

Infraspinatus…Infraspinatus…working on lateral working on lateral rotation exercises rotation exercises enhances this enhances this musclemuscle

What other sports What other sports would need to would need to strengthen their strengthen their teres minor?teres minor?

SubscapularisSubscapularis OriginOrigin

Subscapular fossa of Subscapular fossa of scapulascapula

InsertionInsertion Lesser tubercle of Lesser tubercle of

humerushumerus ActionAction

Medial rotation of Medial rotation of humerushumerus Internal rotationInternal rotation

Stabilize head of Stabilize head of humerushumerus

Actions of Rotator CuffActions of Rotator Cuff SupraspinatuSupraspinatu

ss InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres minorTeres minor SubscapularisSubscapularis

AbductionAbduction External RotationExternal Rotation External rotationExternal rotation Internal RotationInternal Rotation

Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii OriginOrigin

Short Head-coracoid Short Head-coracoid processprocess

Long Head-Long Head-supraglenoid tubercle supraglenoid tubercle of scapulaof scapula

InsertionInsertion Radial tuberosityRadial tuberosity

ActionAction Flexion of elbow Flexion of elbow

Biceps in ActionBiceps in Action Discuss:Discuss:

Eccentrically Eccentrically ContractContract

Isometrically Isometrically ContractContract

Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii OriginOrigin

Long HeadLong Head Infraglenoid tubercle of Infraglenoid tubercle of

scapulascapula Lateral HeadLateral Head

Posterior humerusPosterior humerus Medial HeadMedial Head

Posterior humerusPosterior humerus InsertionInsertion

Olecranon process of Olecranon process of ulnaulna

ActionAction Extension of elbow Extension of elbow

Tricpes In Action!Tricpes In Action!

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

Make Flash Cards Make Flash Cards for the following:for the following:

SupraspinatusSupraspinatus InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres MinorTeres Minor SubscapularisSubscapularis Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii

On one side: Name

On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Muscles of the ThighMuscles of the Thigh

The muscles of the thigh run from The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the kneethe hip to the knee What movements can the What movements can the hiphip and and kneeknee

joint perform?joint perform? What muscles/muscle group do you What muscles/muscle group do you

know?know?

Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus OriginOrigin

Posterior sacrum & Posterior sacrum & iliumilium

InsertionInsertion Gluteal tuberosity of Gluteal tuberosity of

femur femur ActionAction

Extension of Extension of femur/hipfemur/hip

External Rotation of External Rotation of hiphip

Glute StrengthGlute Strength

Squats are Squats are known to help known to help build glute build glute strength…strength…

What other What other exercises would exercises would concentrically concentrically contract this contract this muscle?muscle?

HamstringsHamstrings Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris OriginOrigin

Long head-ischial Long head-ischial tuberositytuberosity

Short head-Short head-posteriorposterior femurfemur

InsertionInsertion Head of fibulaHead of fibula

ActionAction Extension of hipExtension of hip Flexion of the kneeFlexion of the knee

HamstringsHamstrings SemitendinosusSemitendinosus OriginOrigin

Ischial tuberosityIschial tuberosity InsertionInsertion

Anterior tibiaAnterior tibia ActionAction

Extension of hipExtension of hip Flexion of the Flexion of the

kneeknee

HamstringsHamstrings SemimembranosusSemimembranosus OriginOrigin

Ischial tuberosityIschial tuberosity InsertionInsertion

Posterior medial Posterior medial tibiatibia

ActionAction Extension of hipExtension of hip Flexion of the kneeFlexion of the knee

HamstringsHamstrings

Biceps Femoris

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Fibula & Tibia

A: Flex knee Extend hip

HamstringsHamstrings

Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemitendinosus SemimembranosuSemimembranosu

ss

QuadricepsQuadriceps Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris OriginOrigin

Anterior inferior iliac Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)spine (AIIS)

InsertionInsertion Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity

ActionAction Extension of the kneeExtension of the knee Hip flexionHip flexion

QuadricepsQuadriceps Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis OriginOrigin

FemurFemur InsertionInsertion

Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity ActionAction

Extension of the Extension of the kneeknee

QuadricepsQuadriceps

Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis OriginOrigin

FemurFemur InsertionInsertion

Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity ActionAction

Extension of the Extension of the kneeknee

QuadricepsQuadriceps Vastus Vastus

IntermediusIntermedius OriginOrigin

Anterior femurAnterior femur InsertionInsertion

Tibial tuberosityTibial tuberosity ActionAction

Extension of the Extension of the kneeknee

Lower ExtremityLower Extremity

Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis Vastus Vastus

IntermediusIntermedius

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle Make Flash Cards Make Flash Cards

for the following:for the following: Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus HamstringsHamstrings

Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemitendinosus SemimembranosusSemimembranosus

QuadsQuads Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis Vastus Vastus

IntermedialisIntermedialisOn one side: Name

On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Final Chapter!Final Chapter!

This last group of This last group of muscles is the end muscles is the end of this muscle of this muscle segment.segment.

So far we have So far we have identified:identified: Face and NeckFace and Neck Shoulders and BackShoulders and Back Abs and GlutesAbs and Glutes Hamstrings and Hamstrings and

QuadsQuads

Today will be the Today will be the muscles of the low muscles of the low legleg What is one What is one

muscle group that muscle group that you already know? you already know?

Calf MusclesCalf Muscles Why do you think Why do you think

they call them the they call them the calves?calves?

I have no idea!!I have no idea!!

Lower ExtremityLower Extremity Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior OriginOrigin

Lateral condyle of tibiaLateral condyle of tibia InsertionInsertion

Plantar surface of 1Plantar surface of 1stst metatarsalmetatarsal

ActionAction Dorsiflexion Dorsiflexion

Recall….what does this Recall….what does this mean?mean?

Inversion of ankleInversion of ankle Recall….what does this Recall….what does this

mean?mean?

DorsiflexionDorsiflexion & & InversionInversion

Pulling toes up:DORSIFLEXION

Pointing toes down:Plantarflexion

Pointing toes in:Inversion

Pointing toes out:EVERSION

Lower ExtremityLower Extremity Peroneus LongusPeroneus Longus OriginOrigin

Proximal fibulaProximal fibula InsertionInsertion

Plantar surface Plantar surface of 1of 1stst metatarsal metatarsal

ActionAction Eversion of ankleEversion of ankle

Lower ExtremityLower Extremity Peroneus BrevisPeroneus Brevis OriginOrigin

Distal fibulaDistal fibula InsertionInsertion

Base of 5Base of 5thth metatarsalmetatarsal

ActionAction Eversion of ankleEversion of ankle

Eversion ExercisesEversion Exercises

A commonly A commonly used rehab tool used rehab tool are resistance are resistance bandsbands

Eversion Eversion exercises exercises strengthen the strengthen the Peroneus Peroneus LongusLongus

Lower ExtremityLower Extremity SoleusSoleus OriginOrigin

Upper tibiaUpper tibia Posterior fibula Posterior fibula

InsertionInsertion Calcaneus (Heel Calcaneus (Heel

Bone)Bone) ActionAction

Plantarflexion of anklePlantarflexion of ankle

Lower ExtremityLower Extremity GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius OriginOrigin

Medial head-medial Medial head-medial epicondyle of femurepicondyle of femur

Lateral head-lateral Lateral head-lateral epicondyle of femur epicondyle of femur

InsertionInsertion Calcaneus (Heel Bone)Calcaneus (Heel Bone)

ActionAction Plantarflexion of anklePlantarflexion of ankle

This muscle is This muscle is SUPERFICIAL to the SUPERFICIAL to the Soleus Soleus

Gastrocnemius vs. SoleusGastrocnemius vs. Soleus

To isolate the GASTROC

To isolate the SOLEUS

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle Make Flash Cards for Make Flash Cards for

the following:the following: Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior Peroneus LongusPeroneus Longus Peroneus BrevisPeroneus Brevis SoleusSoleus GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius

On one side: Name

On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleList of muscles learnedList of muscles learned

Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior Peroneus LongusPeroneus Longus Peroneus BrevisPeroneus Brevis SoleusSoleus GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus HamstringsHamstrings

Biceps FemorisBiceps Femoris SemitendinosusSemitendinosus SemimembranosusSemimembranosus

QuadsQuads Rectus FemorisRectus Femoris Vastus LateralisVastus Lateralis Vastus MedialisVastus Medialis Vastus IntermedialisVastus Intermedialis

Name

Origin, Insertion & Action MasseterMasseter SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid Rectus AbdominusRectus Abdominus TrapeziusTrapezius Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major DeltoidDeltoid

AnteriorAnterior MiddleMiddle PosteriorPosterior

SupraspinatusSupraspinatus InfraspinatusInfraspinatus Teres MinorTeres Minor SubscapularisSubscapularis Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle