Post on 13-Jan-2022
Anadaltal Melysds Chei str
iN aatya owvides chuwito or physicl malien abd4 emple.
The tondeueg 6 wtaves-m tte sampll avi, all) amal145 and
h mainder of hu dample in talle matrix,
I an aanin we dTumvee ideiat, toncutralia uAsrL on mete at tn omalyte's ehemicl pwy ico- petes.
Teehgnes, Mods roeadure a tnts cols-
A Haeniquu n amy ehtmical plmysicol iuiple hol Cam Le
ws slndy an amte: Mamy techueques have laeen m dsammine "eomuudiet Lead n dunteiua waMut. eg, m phk
Tomic ababrSti ow spetUs cP d leal albiiy he treo afom dhsorb Liglt ha a ehei tod ri tálhon) anda phy sic priniple
afomi ),
a
Thas bolK Cabaoh Sln of light) aY ho) n dhis tackiq ni.
A melho h n he applitalian a taibniqufr dil
mau paific analyfe m a specibic malmx.
T grpwe bwhhamte oic bsorplimsbeergicoPy f
welhov dalrmihslio leá level m seil r m Hrod
Trush bsk have Aamp techniqu
A rote dnte a st of riliem dinetlion lauky hew how
Appy a melud 5a paitbtudor Aanple,, euiug nmbr
malu oh phopel aamplihg, harUtvg wTntay and
Vhl Aalinq tetu3.
App
_potpcoli a Act of will e gudlu nsA diloikug dhapm
dwre s o wst be llooé)
ilued n he applicálin ateeh igu. h Apaerfit malr b
aApacific aney1. Melhods kr dleruiuug te conteialrn t jed
h Arni niuing wase ean be Avelspi) miua t tu taku qus -
NCe L Lle, ED pall-auehy an fh SD4, Phto4 Cam be, diler d
vavii mtfhit eu. Lur fonm veroa Asluble wplayu H
Chmo defermaht by tnpliynmeinde titatien I mtp
hisL akA phbj m a Ap ehnobhetnneri'e elhev cam
L amen fri idm ate (ne
4 abámlio apesregLAP*. a tm han mu ,
dsb shlin fh, P,, (u 4*) noket tndfit, pafana ud ,
arl voltawmefnie mlkodo Awl
Cam MLau
he eneesd a h aal,lec the hech mmoluad
Ya CAI m AnIViL, e{oille,t
, *quam A0 asth
moar hod closeky tus. Taswlld Aetna ey eewa a
e have. l weigt 0do K,®p7 Stued 1 alht 10019 K,4 hiDe 2 00
0.996
N ypvimwfal trecwl Guden-1 1 have mau atmNa
&De 2 ehipek 3 heca
pe elD ecnl, Nor asewtae Erray
L'aa due m
Pxevimeal cam loo dalermu Y tYale. hhe, nswlt
obtainid rus nlt- xpeT ruslk xpe.T Yȣl t or
Io0-:000 xloo0:17. o65-1oT0y 10D 0577
t 0 996- :000xloo s0 sidevt-4 have metce
Rne hais= Whe a pamplk amahy- Levaral tmu , hme- individuol u slt reo Lawelm he same. nstead, heruSnllg wrl aNVom scoll d tracn1On in a maan hna &he vauasle
Th clope h 9Yeeo hetw 2Ln m &iidmad anaus , ha mre pye tia Jhe
'42HipelS howe wighkl o009
Stdo'L Stwdet 2 woyy . 002
2 1005
3.0.998
hadomt 2, dwa0 mlkhWe w clo TMn- Have u Shdo1 hv arUom o Subl So, So 2 rosulS havw
Anov pYe tipir
Sms aivi ti hhe abilh am
Wehave 5 weighk Iod6 g Kg». Tkert tww hahmt
n hre digit asd amblher h digit, FiYst ant Can net
0D62 and 0063,it ill sh ow uL A2tsnd th cam. o dhu
SetnD Weigking maehune hmm Alnsauvee hannsE
5 Lstimái6 lead inimtnie melud giveA t
digit dali (-g R o) whwre Apestphtonstri cmelutd
apae tosphstomb
meu iil be cal mmsre 0msalivR .
Kobustness amo. RuggDnss 'a
Fon a mehd ts be nsefl it must ovide roliable reshdt Ufrh-
makiy maMods are gnbjaet a VAriely 8 chemical and
PgiC tenferomee thar Cantriai Uncontainik, k a analyara.
Whew a melhr i talsuvnly re fom chsmical mterfan
Canb aplied h hne dleminalim & anoT2 n A
id vavily & sample matrius. Suelv mhdA ave Cnsidua
Heb nst
Randem Vaniáitns m expenimenTo
Cou9-Tiap abo mtnodnta
Untaiw a
meuods Aemsiti viy hishluy dapendeN a
esimelal i lon auha femtaalire, Hreailim um
ete, dhe slight ehange m har tnndiu na may L
Bighiktard dgttr rasull A ru99i melkod voláuvR
mpemAle changes m eyparimaskd conbiu th
Selealivi
2ailim Tum,
An amatical uesM v sela Tlive if ts signal a sanclian 4 n
h ameur amalte rason m dhe. Aanple.
Bignd st mtavront a Sz. Te Sighad swaa u 3 depeb.f
an umt sf anal,l m(msu Contamtmym () mly.
S Ke.
Spamae Sa+ S7 knA * K "z
Kaa+ k, AT
So e mmehod shndd minimum ST (i K nrK9)
hi will b mr 2eleuve
Selain sta amhd , dejin ly iz auletuv
Coauet (Kan).
KAT
Lunr he Vmme &K AI , i nuluou ml more
Aeluaive a appli olle
S Aeale af operli v aloo impostand mew
aL A resene nhe, w hon 6 chso
Sem meluod mee ds tmienetime WhureAr Am-
mlhod amakynis ome qwRer Stme mh hedn tst in Costy eipemen WhrrA Aim heed Cummon apAlim. Avu b m Shu
a
mun Amninaui en aralyiin nalyfey. Call rhv a)StaDenu 2aliow'
Ayt choohnamekod, nixt bVemy wpataftam
chemisE Coli balion pmuns nr miwmt and stasitAiam mejnod.
Cal bal namL dht he Rqup mo r mShrumet
Anal.
Angh a analy .
Sampling frope thsoalung m doen net alnaja
g aei atcnal rLl. Enr in aletin ample
may Aa kror recdk Bianer nmnpe oAive Colaminali 4ample av awo Anrmos ampu i ior.
Vali dalisn bfore a torrtcdwrr Can pnvid wsufiy ard
C mfYmaim, t in nLgk any Amoshk hot it ,
Cpsble s onvii teptable Nesl ValidalGsn yAm
RNahali s wNalhr d reci iern alndlay dia
ChraiMiing Maamen ad Risus MAlanrmew tCHt tendenu
Mm' Thmean X, in u numinical anuage btaine) divi d
h AUm he m dividnal miaaur me ydhe numbt of muasu
Yemen
ppo He mam lsi ns haviug weigN
3-080, 3094, 3-107, 3 0 S, 3:12,3174, 3 198
3080+ 3094+ 3.107+30S6 t 3 12+3-144t 3:98
T meam n the mosk ommn estimálor aConlal temdeney
Mediami msdnam, me , h he mi ddle valnt When dala ve rdne)
fro the &mallest 5 langest valne. Jh e numben a asui n. Ten uesia wit atm ma evin ard (24l) fon na
o. he neian ill
3656, 8 080, 3.094,107), 3.12, 8 174398
Meawwt sf SYtal
tue ma, hahu naé hrma ahe nbivikral miawnnt
ust vides am islimalk no yaue Li!i mae
m@ividual trins.
Kange The range ,, h ke dikreneo b/w dha langesr
maMest valus m h dala at.
Konge a XLmgusSt Srelilest
ha. dalk set at Cms aet (31 98 303672
=O1422 The tange pnvidoc mmolin alot thetetl vanuauy
M doals act, T does o tovides any wfotmaluan
alLovt distri m of mgividud maawmi
Stragard Devi lin Sa9ortd deviiow s douid as-
i-
Alve stdoa duvilin S X
Fre vp Aw sprod et fom aNnage. valut (mian) kpeclad
vaku. A Aoa stmmBard diviáli n means hai mosr th
umbers elose k avuage. A hal stanDard devial m moame
dha a numbes are mohe ApyaD uf
t e ct owoigkt na tinN
3-D80-3-17)'+ (3-094-319)+ (3:10?-3 19) * (3:09,-3 ua 3-tn-3 ) (3:174-3. 19)* + k198-19) -1
0.0S1
Vanomee Vavion i doktw on h 4uanu troperin dA
chanarlun?ig Exj-enimomtal Evrert
Kol 9i ol ava.dol tr he man tath't Ca b chorsilriu 7
ovAYRJ CodaM dauduntuy ani a miaant Aprso.o a+4*
Cob valut.? Ermrs mousli i ulral Jinluy rutuu
i damun ho amtud mM Cas
ndmer
E - A TCLdnpt tnelaluvn or
F x 100 M
Drmuei eor
tad Y ideilfinlle dounu.
1) Jampliug emvar: An emm inta dneid dwrirg tu pnus of collez
asarmple"pr anaiyts.
(2) Malo? arat Am 2w duu i imittins m hu arllal milhri
wat analype a dampl. Smeas = kn t Sma
San Mln 2m umAi dhin
14 asuwrutusemarAn erwr dus h Linitlims måt aqnpr
an)imstmumirta m 1aMt mmiauad
V renal iay An erra due ims tdree 7a
touhyst.
Jashdgina Dernirni it ome delorma pals err tan be deleelel Ipjlar Rel
dilwmnole kroY
ahaDom wwuolit m LAU magnihdtL ar direlun
09 T Atnl An sims 3d
RVUA O| M han am mdilernhalu
hen
Evaualuig Indelommiralk nmr
tgh mpozci, le, to eti minal mdaeYmunolt &T
ndi) ammunal err ma be shunlk am
akre pYad. lyically, a sBarDrtd deviadi on u
Untutam +RAess t expragses the rang d
faann aby be AnpLila h hav, Tho pMuiA oa
ampnya whulaw ke poYten a a rama a <fonternd
davidli nw CaMnlaTed 4m exporimlal dala and prnd
a sl mali n ot diler munali evoY atig meadhn
Ha wigh eHect sur usk Dnetntai atthsts ba
dtrmunali enrY admatlernal eroY.
Suppose We buy a pipe D , e mad i-
wils ali lbylian Th pipet's-1olevane vaua 002mM
Nm yow we) it tn ims w wiuni ans, and
Wh yo gt du reteltynu hav saBard devjalha
O o06 ml alich n srwin than 02 . So dhi
reon 0-006 m whh Jnso dhan d Va
wnwtank
hopagalim nttouiwil î y e the pipt 100 w
StmDond leyil 0« doC. rd. Thal
fr ten inue it+ betnnes D-M-OOt tr-06 . Thnn
h mtenfaisuly opaale) ye plitalion Aupen twlil
heerttaiw when adding ov subsbatluug
Khe pe measwRms ove addod struld, Hhe ehsl.J
9hr abdmla umtunt am imdivi drad mensehnss
Sppete A A+3+C
assd wntntauy SeV SSn+s
w mt mawrn
sRV oe0)+ (o nt) Siay t tqun Ax AxBXG
(3)-Cer-
he digit follouoing the last siguificamt igure. in graler dhan 5, h
mumben sumded up lo dhe next highen digit 1f it h less ham 5,
he mumber in Taumd ed to *h Pre52nt vae, fhe last ignificant
ioure 9.4 9.5 9.43 9:4
If he last aigik is o 5, the number n Tomded ödhe naree even digit.
8.65 8.6 4 i Rvon)
8.75 8.8 C7ddd i it 7ounded Lo 8)
The Conidene Limi
Caluwat, on me adatd deisin fr a set et dala provi dus a
wditituow of preriion mheren m a piriticlan potudwk, r
0malsse. Pt umbs har in a Jange amsurtf dsli, i
oLs net tAlf giv any mtunnalidn asad hotd elnie fha
oxi mttalan di{prmin Vani mea fimi nwmtr t me as wrem. a
hely dhey, allovo w h kmali amge whilhnn wj
the truu wm mi hfall, wihiw qivem tawbakiy,a by ha ox benimtfal mmamv awd slaidNtD
olsiush.
wrtrve om he T Mag Coni elenee
ug mi Tama y Codh hme Cnkideu ma
Linly, hu thu vam faus mthn t tamge u CalMe) Liwy,
Cngr dm te Jimit= * VN
hr t n a stistic frton daf dapends n bh
Mumbr dogree of frudw am he Coniedenie
wal cle ira. Th mumb er 6f dagrraoj reclm ham ne mum ber malret.
6strmd dLviat m
A Arda asw AMmpl, t evamolype) m dh anayhu
chem sty las by 1itin ilk efayerd uyAnkoYud
ad T @nalyanu in tiplit wl4 lmprdesu
smlly: 73 so, 91 a 93. 43
Chem Sy
73 42 3:S% f9343 93 S A MeonN2 3
hr Cmh Cmti clan lwt at dsg u N-I 3-2 .q:3 03(t b iven
cha Cnm din limt 2 X f
3 4-303 X 01075 2
V3 2 93's f0'l? a-1,
93 31 4 13-69
SigiCan est
I velopiung neð amalylical mt luod, it n jttn desia able 5
Cmre dhe msulaf sha-mluod wilti dhose. at an arcptad
Cpemhaps staiena) mclq od. Hord, cam ne am tll i ttTe a
Si gi can digerenet b/s thenud melksd a u acapad ant? The F-test evaluali dikerene blw e sread 7sul
whale, 4-test loo s at ditbtranus b man
TL F-+est
F-tes in Aekiutd a dh Malio 6f VAYIantc &f twd meluod.
VaYiamu iy the Square astndarid deviallétn,
F
A164 we devalspiug a hed Cobonehri aualuad r sli mádiov
f uusse im blood Felin-Wa y a taswrd melard t. Tan
yu hom h onve h your mluod Llley Jhan he StaiDard
Yer meurd(wo/4) Folin- du mlhd (g/8L) 130
27 125 123 131
2 127 125
13 126
12%127
2C-)5 8.3
N-1
Z-, 48
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