Anadaltal Melysds Chei str

iN aatya owvides chuwito or physicl malien abd4 emple.

The tondeueg 6 wtaves-m tte sampll avi, all) amal145 and

h mainder of hu dample in talle matrix,

I an aanin we dTumvee ideiat, toncutralia uAsrL on mete at tn omalyte's ehemicl pwy ico- petes.

Teehgnes, Mods roeadure a tnts cols-

A Haeniquu n amy ehtmical plmysicol iuiple hol Cam Le

ws slndy an amte: Mamy techueques have laeen m dsammine "eomuudiet Lead n dunteiua waMut. eg, m phk

Tomic ababrSti ow spetUs cP d leal albiiy he treo afom dhsorb Liglt ha a ehei tod ri tálhon) anda phy sic priniple

afomi ),

a

Thas bolK Cabaoh Sln of light) aY ho) n dhis tackiq ni.

A melho h n he applitalian a taibniqufr dil

mau paific analyfe m a specibic malmx.

T grpwe bwhhamte oic bsorplimsbeergicoPy f

welhov dalrmihslio leá level m seil r m Hrod

Trush bsk have Aamp techniqu

A rote dnte a st of riliem dinetlion lauky hew how

Appy a melud 5a paitbtudor Aanple,, euiug nmbr

malu oh phopel aamplihg, harUtvg wTntay and

Vhl Aalinq tetu3.

App

_potpcoli a Act of will e gudlu nsA diloikug dhapm

dwre s o wst be llooé)

ilued n he applicálin ateeh igu. h Apaerfit malr b

aApacific aney1. Melhods kr dleruiuug te conteialrn t jed

h Arni niuing wase ean be Avelspi) miua t tu taku qus -

NCe L Lle, ED pall-auehy an fh SD4, Phto4 Cam be, diler d

vavii mtfhit eu. Lur fonm veroa Asluble wplayu H

Chmo defermaht by tnpliynmeinde titatien I mtp

hisL akA phbj m a Ap ehnobhetnneri'e elhev cam

L amen fri idm ate (ne

4 abámlio apesregLAP*. a tm han mu ,

dsb shlin fh, P,, (u 4*) noket tndfit, pafana ud ,

arl voltawmefnie mlkodo Awl

Cam MLau

he eneesd a h aal,lec the hech mmoluad

Ya CAI m AnIViL, e{oille,t

, *quam A0 asth

moar hod closeky tus. Taswlld Aetna ey eewa a

e have. l weigt 0do K,®p7 Stued 1 alht 10019 K,4 hiDe 2 00

0.996

N ypvimwfal trecwl Guden-1 1 have mau atmNa

&De 2 ehipek 3 heca

pe elD ecnl, Nor asewtae Erray

L'aa due m

Pxevimeal cam loo dalermu Y tYale. hhe, nswlt

obtainid rus nlt- xpeT ruslk xpe.T Yȣl t or

Io0-:000 xloo0:17. o65-1oT0y 10D 0577

t 0 996- :000xloo s0 sidevt-4 have metce

Rne hais= Whe a pamplk amahy- Levaral tmu , hme- individuol u slt reo Lawelm he same. nstead, heruSnllg wrl aNVom scoll d tracn1On in a maan hna &he vauasle

Th clope h 9Yeeo hetw 2Ln m &iidmad anaus , ha mre pye tia Jhe

'42HipelS howe wighkl o009

Stdo'L Stwdet 2 woyy . 002

2 1005

3.0.998

hadomt 2, dwa0 mlkhWe w clo TMn- Have u Shdo1 hv arUom o Subl So, So 2 rosulS havw

Anov pYe tipir

Sms aivi ti hhe abilh am

Wehave 5 weighk Iod6 g Kg». Tkert tww hahmt

n hre digit asd amblher h digit, FiYst ant Can net

0D62 and 0063,it ill sh ow uL A2tsnd th cam. o dhu

SetnD Weigking maehune hmm Alnsauvee hannsE

5 Lstimái6 lead inimtnie melud giveA t

digit dali (-g R o) whwre Apestphtonstri cmelutd

apae tosphstomb

meu iil be cal mmsre 0msalivR .

Kobustness amo. RuggDnss 'a

Fon a mehd ts be nsefl it must ovide roliable reshdt Ufrh-

makiy maMods are gnbjaet a VAriely 8 chemical and

PgiC tenferomee thar Cantriai Uncontainik, k a analyara.

Whew a melhr i talsuvnly re fom chsmical mterfan

Canb aplied h hne dleminalim & anoT2 n A

id vavily & sample matrius. Suelv mhdA ave Cnsidua

Heb nst

Randem Vaniáitns m expenimenTo

Cou9-Tiap abo mtnodnta

Untaiw a

meuods Aemsiti viy hishluy dapendeN a

esimelal i lon auha femtaalire, Hreailim um

ete, dhe slight ehange m har tnndiu na may L

Bighiktard dgttr rasull A ru99i melkod voláuvR

mpemAle changes m eyparimaskd conbiu th

Selealivi

2ailim Tum,

An amatical uesM v sela Tlive if ts signal a sanclian 4 n

h ameur amalte rason m dhe. Aanple.

Bignd st mtavront a Sz. Te Sighad swaa u 3 depeb.f

an umt sf anal,l m(msu Contamtmym () mly.

S Ke.

Spamae Sa+ S7 knA * K "z

Kaa+ k, AT

So e mmehod shndd minimum ST (i K nrK9)

hi will b mr 2eleuve

Selain sta amhd , dejin ly iz auletuv

Coauet (Kan).

KAT

Lunr he Vmme &K AI , i nuluou ml more

Aeluaive a appli olle

S Aeale af operli v aloo impostand mew

aL A resene nhe, w hon 6 chso

Sem meluod mee ds tmienetime WhureAr Am-

mlhod amakynis ome qwRer Stme mh hedn tst in Costy eipemen WhrrA Aim heed Cummon apAlim. Avu b m Shu

a

mun Amninaui en aralyiin nalyfey. Call rhv a)StaDenu 2aliow'

Ayt choohnamekod, nixt bVemy wpataftam

chemisE Coli balion pmuns nr miwmt and stasitAiam mejnod.

Cal bal namL dht he Rqup mo r mShrumet

Anal.

Angh a analy .

Sampling frope thsoalung m doen net alnaja

g aei atcnal rLl. Enr in aletin ample

may Aa kror recdk Bianer nmnpe oAive Colaminali 4ample av awo Anrmos ampu i ior.

Vali dalisn bfore a torrtcdwrr Can pnvid wsufiy ard

C mfYmaim, t in nLgk any Amoshk hot it ,

Cpsble s onvii teptable Nesl ValidalGsn yAm

RNahali s wNalhr d reci iern alndlay dia

ChraiMiing Maamen ad Risus MAlanrmew tCHt tendenu

Mm' Thmean X, in u numinical anuage btaine) divi d

h AUm he m dividnal miaaur me ydhe numbt of muasu

Yemen

ppo He mam lsi ns haviug weigN

3-080, 3094, 3-107, 3 0 S, 3:12,3174, 3 198

3080+ 3094+ 3.107+30S6 t 3 12+3-144t 3:98

T meam n the mosk ommn estimálor aConlal temdeney

Mediami msdnam, me , h he mi ddle valnt When dala ve rdne)

fro the &mallest 5 langest valne. Jh e numben a asui n. Ten uesia wit atm ma evin ard (24l) fon na

o. he neian ill

3656, 8 080, 3.094,107), 3.12, 8 174398

Meawwt sf SYtal

tue ma, hahu naé hrma ahe nbivikral miawnnt

ust vides am islimalk no yaue Li!i mae

m@ividual trins.

Kange The range ,, h ke dikreneo b/w dha langesr

maMest valus m h dala at.

Konge a XLmgusSt Srelilest

ha. dalk set at Cms aet (31 98 303672

=O1422 The tange pnvidoc mmolin alot thetetl vanuauy

M doals act, T does o tovides any wfotmaluan

alLovt distri m of mgividud maawmi

Stragard Devi lin Sa9ortd deviiow s douid as-

i-

Alve stdoa duvilin S X

Fre vp Aw sprod et fom aNnage. valut (mian) kpeclad

vaku. A Aoa stmmBard diviáli n means hai mosr th

umbers elose k avuage. A hal stanDard devial m moame

dha a numbes are mohe ApyaD uf

t e ct owoigkt na tinN

3-D80-3-17)'+ (3-094-319)+ (3:10?-3 19) * (3:09,-3 ua 3-tn-3 ) (3:174-3. 19)* + k198-19) -1

0.0S1

Vanomee Vavion i doktw on h 4uanu troperin dA

chanarlun?ig Exj-enimomtal Evrert

Kol 9i ol ava.dol tr he man tath't Ca b chorsilriu 7

ovAYRJ CodaM dauduntuy ani a miaant Aprso.o a+4*

Cob valut.? Ermrs mousli i ulral Jinluy rutuu

i damun ho amtud mM Cas

ndmer

E - A TCLdnpt tnelaluvn or

F x 100 M

Drmuei eor

tad Y ideilfinlle dounu.

1) Jampliug emvar: An emm inta dneid dwrirg tu pnus of collez

asarmple"pr anaiyts.

(2) Malo? arat Am 2w duu i imittins m hu arllal milhri

wat analype a dampl. Smeas = kn t Sma

San Mln 2m umAi dhin

14 asuwrutusemarAn erwr dus h Linitlims måt aqnpr

an)imstmumirta m 1aMt mmiauad

V renal iay An erra due ims tdree 7a

touhyst.

Jashdgina Dernirni it ome delorma pals err tan be deleelel Ipjlar Rel

dilwmnole kroY

ahaDom wwuolit m LAU magnihdtL ar direlun

09 T Atnl An sims 3d

RVUA O| M han am mdilernhalu

hen

Evaualuig Indelommiralk nmr

tgh mpozci, le, to eti minal mdaeYmunolt &T

ndi) ammunal err ma be shunlk am

akre pYad. lyically, a sBarDrtd deviadi on u

Untutam +RAess t expragses the rang d

faann aby be AnpLila h hav, Tho pMuiA oa

ampnya whulaw ke poYten a a rama a <fonternd

davidli nw CaMnlaTed 4m exporimlal dala and prnd

a sl mali n ot diler munali evoY atig meadhn

Ha wigh eHect sur usk Dnetntai atthsts ba

dtrmunali enrY admatlernal eroY.

Suppose We buy a pipe D , e mad i-

wils ali lbylian Th pipet's-1olevane vaua 002mM

Nm yow we) it tn ims w wiuni ans, and

Wh yo gt du reteltynu hav saBard devjalha

O o06 ml alich n srwin than 02 . So dhi

reon 0-006 m whh Jnso dhan d Va

wnwtank

hopagalim nttouiwil î y e the pipt 100 w

StmDond leyil 0« doC. rd. Thal

fr ten inue it+ betnnes D-M-OOt tr-06 . Thnn

h mtenfaisuly opaale) ye plitalion Aupen twlil

heerttaiw when adding ov subsbatluug

Khe pe measwRms ove addod struld, Hhe ehsl.J

9hr abdmla umtunt am imdivi drad mensehnss

Sppete A A+3+C

assd wntntauy SeV SSn+s

w mt mawrn

sRV oe0)+ (o nt) Siay t tqun Ax AxBXG

(3)-Cer-

he digit follouoing the last siguificamt igure. in graler dhan 5, h

mumben sumded up lo dhe next highen digit 1f it h less ham 5,

he mumber in Taumd ed to *h Pre52nt vae, fhe last ignificant

ioure 9.4 9.5 9.43 9:4

If he last aigik is o 5, the number n Tomded ödhe naree even digit.

8.65 8.6 4 i Rvon)

8.75 8.8 C7ddd i it 7ounded Lo 8)

The Conidene Limi

Caluwat, on me adatd deisin fr a set et dala provi dus a

wditituow of preriion mheren m a piriticlan potudwk, r

0malsse. Pt umbs har in a Jange amsurtf dsli, i

oLs net tAlf giv any mtunnalidn asad hotd elnie fha

oxi mttalan di{prmin Vani mea fimi nwmtr t me as wrem. a

hely dhey, allovo w h kmali amge whilhnn wj

the truu wm mi hfall, wihiw qivem tawbakiy,a by ha ox benimtfal mmamv awd slaidNtD

olsiush.

wrtrve om he T Mag Coni elenee

ug mi Tama y Codh hme Cnkideu ma

Linly, hu thu vam faus mthn t tamge u CalMe) Liwy,

Cngr dm te Jimit= * VN

hr t n a stistic frton daf dapends n bh

Mumbr dogree of frudw am he Coniedenie

wal cle ira. Th mumb er 6f dagrraoj reclm ham ne mum ber malret.

6strmd dLviat m

A Arda asw AMmpl, t evamolype) m dh anayhu

chem sty las by 1itin ilk efayerd uyAnkoYud

ad T @nalyanu in tiplit wl4 lmprdesu

smlly: 73 so, 91 a 93. 43

Chem Sy

73 42 3:S% f9343 93 S A MeonN2 3

hr Cmh Cmti clan lwt at dsg u N-I 3-2 .q:3 03(t b iven

cha Cnm din limt 2 X f

3 4-303 X 01075 2

V3 2 93's f0'l? a-1,

93 31 4 13-69

SigiCan est

I velopiung neð amalylical mt luod, it n jttn desia able 5

Cmre dhe msulaf sha-mluod wilti dhose. at an arcptad

Cpemhaps staiena) mclq od. Hord, cam ne am tll i ttTe a

Si gi can digerenet b/s thenud melksd a u acapad ant? The F-test evaluali dikerene blw e sread 7sul

whale, 4-test loo s at ditbtranus b man

TL F-+est

F-tes in Aekiutd a dh Malio 6f VAYIantc &f twd meluod.

VaYiamu iy the Square astndarid deviallétn,

F

A164 we devalspiug a hed Cobonehri aualuad r sli mádiov

f uusse im blood Felin-Wa y a taswrd melard t. Tan

yu hom h onve h your mluod Llley Jhan he StaiDard

Yer meurd(wo/4) Folin- du mlhd (g/8L) 130

27 125 123 131

2 127 125

13 126

12%127

2C-)5 8.3

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