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Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period
Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history
SOL Objective: describe China, with emphasis on the development of an empire and the construction of the Great Wall
SOL Objective: describe the impact of Confucianism and Daoism
Zhou Dynasty 1045 B.C.E. – invade China Use Mandate of Heaven and Feudalism
Conflict 700 B.C.E.- Feudalism breaks down 700 B.C.E- 453 B.C.E- Warring States period
Need for order Led to questioning what was the best way to keep
order in society Three Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism,
Legalism
1st Confucius Sour look Life was sour Present was out of step with the
past
2nd Buddha Bitter look Life was suffering
3rd Lao-Tse Smiling World was teacher of valuable
lessons Natural result of living
harmoniously was happiness Life when understood is sweet
not sour and bitter
Kongfuzi- Confucius 551 B.C.E.- 479 B.C.E. Saw rulers needed to govern
wisely Changes needed for peace
Teachings Goal: peaceful and just society Society best when all people
acted properly 5 basic relationships:
Ruler-subject Husband-wife Father-son Older sibling- younger Sibling Friend- friend
Authority figures must set good examples
Do not do to others what you would not want done to you
Influence of Confucianism The Analects Han Dynasty
Civil servants hired for ability instead of birthright
Civil service exams Influenced Chinese culture
Respect for elders Proper behavior Love of scholarship
Laozi (Lao-Tzu) Author of Dao De Jing (The
Classic of the Way and its Power)
Legend? 500s B.C.E. ?
Teachings Ancient idea of the Dao, or “the
way” The force that gave order to the
natural universe People gained happiness and
peace by living in harmony with nature
Nature full of opposites Follow nature by meditation Accept whatever comes Must discover on your own Government should interfere the
least
Influence Encouraged rulers to govern less More significant impact on
Thought Writing Art Developed into a religion
Hanfeizi 280-233 B.C.E. Prince of a royal family Book called Hanfeizi
Teachings Based on idea that people are
naturally selfish Pursue self-interests
Not enough for rulers to rule by example
Strict laws Harsh punishments People that critize government
should be banished Rulers should have absolute
power Trust no one, even family
Influence Qin Dynasty used Legalism to
build a strong central government
Adopted strict policies
Confucianism Daoism Legalism
Social order, harmony, and good government should be based on family relationships
Natural order is more important than the social order
A highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order
Respect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society
A universal force that guides all things
Punishments are useful to maintain social order
Education is important to both the welfare of the individual and society
Human beings should live simply and in harmony with nature
Thinkers and their ideas should be strictly controlled by the government
A: author P: place and time P: prior knowledge
What was going on that LED author to write it? A: audience
Who was it written for? R: reason it was written
Why did the author write it? T: the main idea
What is the main idea of the source? S: significance
Why is it importance?
Replaced Zhou Dynasty in third century B.C.E. Shi Huangdi
“First emperor” 221 B.C.E. Defeated invaders and crushed internal resistance Doubled China’s size Wanted to unify China
Had to crush political opposition Policy of “strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches”
All nobles families forced to live in the capital city Seized their land, created 36 administrative districts Silenced opposition by murdering hundreds of Confucian scholars Burned “useless” books Established an autocracy- government in which ruler has unlimited
power
Highway network of 4,000 miles
Peasants forced to work on roads
Trade blossomed Merchants became a new
prominent class Uniform standards for
Writing 9,000 approved characters
Law Detailed laws and punishments
Currency Metal coins of bronze or gold Hole in center
Weights and Measures Measuring cups Standardized weights
Irrigation projects increased farm production
Qin Dynasty unpopular Harsh taxes Repressive government
Zhou Dynasty had built small walls to discourage attacks from invaders
Focused on northern border
Shi Huangdi wanted to close gaps and unify wall 1,400 miles
Used 100,000s of peasants to build
Die or build wall Difficult conditions Thousands died Wall worked
Peasants rebelled three years after Shi’s son took control of the Dynasty One of the leaders of the rebellions from the
land of Han marched on capital in 202 B.C.E. Would lead to the Han Dynasty
Afraid of dying Wanted to be immortal Searched for magic potion
Xian Emperor’s tomb Terra cotta army Discovered in 1974 C.E.
Was Shi Huangdi a good or bad ruler? Create a thesis statement Create information list Create outline
Good Ruler Characteristics Bad Ruler Characteristics
Introduction Paragraph State thesis Briefly describe main points
Paragraph 2 Main point # 2
Paragraph 3 Main point # 3
Paragraph 4 Main point # 4
Conclusion Restate conclusion Summarize main points
Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late Zhou period
Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history
Why was the Great Wall of China built? Line of defense against invaders
What were contributions of Classical China? Civil service exam Paper Porcelain silk
Why were Confucianism and Daoism important in the formation of Chinese culture? Confucianism Daoism
Belief that Humans are good HumilityRespect for elders simple life and inner peaceCode of Politeness (still used today) harmony with natureEmphasis on EducationAncestor Worship
Stearns Chapter 2 Outline
Continue working on Notecards for SS Fair Project
Coming up: Essay #2 , Classical India/China Exam