Alot Hashachar:

Netz Hachamah:Shkiah:

Tzeit Hakochovim:

HorizonSunrise

Morning Twilight

Evening Twilight

Alot Hashachar: - DawnThe time that marks the beginning of the twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the presence of weak sunlight, while the sun itself is still below the horizon. Dawn should not be confused with sunrise, which is the moment when the leading edge of the sun itself appears above the horizon.

Netz Hachamah: - SunriseThe instant at which the upper edge of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east.

Shkiah: - SunsetThe daily disappearance of the sun below the horizon as a result of the Earth's rotation.

DuskThe beginning of darkness in the evening, and occurs after twilight.

Tzeit Hakochovim:The time when three stars are visible in the sky and nightfall is complete.

Sha'ah Zemanit: - JEWISH HOURProportional hour, i.e. an hour according to halachah. Total daylight hours divided by 12.

Sunrise until Sunset12

Sha’ah Zemanit – Jewish hour

Example:October, 4 2010 – Philadelphia

Netz Hachama – Sunrise: 7:00 AMShkiah – Sunset: 6:36 PM

11 hours and 36 minutes

11 x 60 = 660 minutes

660 minutes+ 36 minutes 696 minutes 11 hours and 36 minutes

Length of the day for October, 4 2010 in Philadelphia

69612

5

60-------

96

8

------96

0

One Jewish hour on October 4, 2010 in Philadelphia is 58 minutes.

58 minutes = 1 Jewish hour

Sunr

ise Sunset

7:00

am

7:58

am

8:56

am

9:54

am

10:5

2 am

11:5

0 am

12:4

8 pm

1:46

pm

2:44

pm

3:42

pm

4:40

pm

5:38

pm

6:36

pm

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

Other important times:

•Chatzot:Midday; the halfway point between sunrise and sunset.

•Minchah Gedolah:Half a shaah zmanit after chatzot.

•Minchah Ketanah:Nine and a half shaot zmaniot after sunrise.

•Plag Haminchah:Ten and three quarters shaot zmaniyot after sunrise.

•Chatzot:Midday; the halfway point between sunrise and sunset.

To calculate: 6 x Jewish hour

Example:

6 x 58 minutes = 348 minutes

348/60 = 5 remainder 48

Chatzot is 5 hours and 48 minutes after sunrise

7:00 am + 5 hours 48 minutes = 12:48 pm

Sunr

ise Sunset

7:00

am

7:58

am

8:56

am

9:54

am

10:5

2 am

11:5

0 am

12:4

8 pm

1:46

pm

2:44

pm

3:42

pm

4:40

pm

5:38

pm

6:36

pm

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hrChatz

ot

12:4

8 pm

6 hr

•Minchah Gedolah:Half a shaah zmanit after chatzot.

To calculate: 6.5 x Jewish hour

Example:

6.5 x 58 minutes = 377 minutes

377/60 = 6 remainder 17

Minchah Gedolah is 6 hours and 17 minutes after sunrise

7:00 am + 6 hours 17 minutes = 1:17 pm

Sunr

ise Sunset

7:00

am

7:58

am

8:56

am

9:54

am

10:5

2 am

11:5

0 am

12:4

8 pm

1:46

pm

2:44

pm

3:42

pm

4:40

pm

5:38

pm

6:36

pm

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hrM

inchah

Gedolah

•Minchah Ketanah:Nine and a half shaot zmaniot after sunrise.

To calculate: 9.5 x Jewish hour

Example:

9.5 x 58 minutes = 551 minutes

551/60 = 9 remainder 11

Minchah Ketanah is 9 hours and 11 minutes after sunrise

7:00 am + 9 hours 11 minutes = 4:11 pm

Sunr

ise Sunset

7:00

am

7:58

am

8:56

am

9:54

am

10:5

2 am

11:5

0 am

12:4

8 pm

1:46

pm

2:44

pm

3:42

pm

4:40

pm

5:38

pm

6:36

pm

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

Minch

ah

Ketanah

•Plag Haminchah:Ten and three quarters shaot zmaniyot after sunrise.

To calculate: 10.75 x Jewish hour

Example:

10.75 x 58 minutes = 623 minutes

623/60 = 10 remainder 23

Plag Hamincha is 10 hours and 23 minutes after sunrise

7:00 am + 10 hours 23 minutes = 5:23 pm

Sunr

ise Sunset

7:00

am

7:58

am

8:56

am

9:54

am

10:5

2 am

11:5

0 am

12:4

8 pm

1:46

pm

2:44

pm

3:42

pm

4:40

pm

5:38

pm

6:36

pm

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

Plag

Haminch

a

Sha'ah Zemanit: - JEWISH HOURProportional hour, i.e. an hour according to halachah. Total nighttime hours divided by 12.

Sunset until Sunrise12

Sha’ah Zemanit – Jewish hour

Example:October, 4 - 5 2010 – Philadelphia

Netz Hachama – Sunset: 6:36 PMShkiah – Sunrise: 7:00 AM

12 hours and 24 minutes

12 x 60 = 720 minutes

720 minutes+ 24 minutes 744 minutes 12 hours and 24 minutes

Length of the night for October, 4 - 5 2010 in Philadelphia

74412

6

72-------

24

2

------24

0

One Jewish hour on October 4 - 5 , 2010 in Philadelphia is 1 hour and 2 minutes.

1 hour and 2 minutes = 1 Jewish hour

Suns

etSunrise

6:36

pm

7:38

pm

8:40

pm

9:42

pm

10:4

4 pm

11:4

6 pm

12:4

8 am

1:50

am

2:52

am

3:54

am

4:56

am

5:58

am

7:00

am

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

Terms for night:

•ChatzotMidnight; the halfway point between sunset and sunrise.

•ShmiraThe night is divided up into three sections, each section

being called a shmira.

Suns

etSunrise

6:36

pm

7:38

pm

8:40

pm

9:42

pm

10:4

4 pm

11:4

6 pm

12:4

8 am

1:50

am

2:52

am

3:54

am

4:56

am

5:58

am

7:00

am

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

•ChatzotMidnight; the halfway point between sunset and sunrise.

To calculate: 6 x Jewish hour

Example:

6 x 62 minutes = 372 minutes

372/60 = 6 remainder 12

Chatzot is 6 hours and 12 minutes after sunset

6:36 pm + 6 hours 12 minutes = 12:48 am

Chatzot

12:4

8 am

6 hr

•ShmiraThe night is divided up into three sections, each section

being called a shmira.

To calculate end of first shmira: 4 x Jewish hour

Example:

4 x 62 minutes = 248 minutes

248/60 = 4 remainder 8

The first shmira ends 4 hours and 8 minutes after sunset

6:36 pm + 4 hours 8 minutes = 10:44 pm

Suns

etSunrise

6:36

pm

7:38

pm

8:40

pm

9:42

pm

10:4

4 pm

11:4

6 pm

12:4

8 am

1:50

am

2:52

am

3:54

am

4:56

am

5:58

am

7:00

am

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

10:4

4 pm

4 hr

First Shmira

•ShmiraThe night is divided up into three sections, each section

being called a shmira.

To calculate end of second shmira: 8 x Jewish hour

Example:

8 x 62 minutes = 596 minutes

496/60 = 8 remainder 16

The second shmira ends 8 hours and 16 minutes after sunset

6:36 pm + 8 hours 16 minutes = 2:52 am

Suns

etSunrise

6:36

pm

7:38

pm

8:40

pm

9:42

pm

10:4

4 pm

11:4

6 pm

12:4

8 am

1:50

am

2:52

am

3:54

am

4:56

am

5:58

am

7:00

am

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

2:52

am

8 hr

Second Shmira

Suns

etSunrise 6:

36 p

m

7:38

pm

8:40

pm

9:42

pm

10:4

4 pm

11:4

6 pm

12:4

8 am

1:50

am

2:52

am

3:54

am

4:56

am

5:58

am

7:00

am

1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr 5 hr 6 hr 7 hr 8 hr 9 hr 10 hr 11 hr 12 hr

2:52

am

8 hr

Second Shmira

10:4

4 pm

4 hr

First Shmira Third Shmira