Post on 26-Dec-2015
A FORCE IN THE WORLD 1880-1910
The “Splendid Little War”
The “Splendid Little War”
• War Fever rises
• Alleged abuses of Cubans by Spain
The “Splendid Little War”
• Newspapers jumped on story
The “Splendid Little War”
• William Randolph Hearst
The “Splendid Little War”
• Joseph Pulitzer
The “Splendid Little War”
• Printed stories of abuse
• Greatly exaggerated or lied about severity of abuse
• Became known as Yellow Journalism
The “Splendid Little War”
• DeLome Letter
• Spanish Minister to the United States
The “Splendid Little War”
• Wrote McKinley was a weak bidder for the admiration of the crowd
• Meaning that he would bow to pressure
The “Splendid Little War”
The “Splendid Little War”
• Despite the Spanish apology and the resignation of the minister
• U.S. was still outraged demanded more action
The “Splendid Little War”
• February 15, 1898
• Battleship Maine exploded in the Havana Harbor
The “Splendid Little War”
• 260 sailors were killed
• Spain was blamed
• Actually the explosion was probably an accident
The “Splendid Little War”
• “Remember the Maine to hell with Spain”
• Became the slogan for a response from America
The “Splendid Little War”
• Spain offered peace
• Too late
• America demanded War!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The “Splendid Little War”
• April 11,1898 McKinley asked for a declaration of War
The “Splendid Little War”
• Congress approved and passed the
• Teller Amendment
• Stated after war was over the United States would give control of Cuba to the Cubans
The “Splendid Little War”
• Battle of Manila Bay
The “Splendid Little War”
• Philippines
• Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish Navy without losing a single sailor
The “Splendid Little War”
• Seized the Philippines
Cuban Campaign
American Army was ill prepared and ill equipped
The “Splendid Little War”
• Issued wool uniforms to troops in a tropical country
The “Splendid Little War”
• Rough Riders lead by Theodore Roosevelt
• Charge up San Juan hill
• Santiago Roosevelt became a national hero
The “Splendid Little War”
• Truth be told
• 10th Negro Cavalry led by John J Pershing did the fighting
The “Splendid Little War”
• Spanish fleet tried to leave Cuba
• Destroyed by American gunboats
The “Splendid Little War”
• Next Puerto Rico was invaded
• Little or no resistance
• Took over island
The “Splendid Little War”
• War was perceived as a great success
• 400 American battle casualties
The “Splendid Little War”
• 5,000 died from disease
• Treaty of Paris ended war
• Terms of treaty
• 1. Cuba gained Independence from Spain
The “Splendid Little War”
2.Guam (a small island in the Pacific)
3. United States received Puerto Rico
4.Spain sold Philippines to U.S. for 20 million dollars
The Debate over Imperialism
The Debate over Imperialism
• Arguments for Imperialism1.New Markets
2.Places for investments
3.New sites for naval bases
4.Civilize the natives
The Debate over Imperialism
• Arguments against Imperialism
1. Too much money spent to defend
2. Other races and countries were entitled to life liberty and pursuit of happiness
The Debate over Imperialism
• Filipino Uprising
• Upset over trading Spanish rule for American rule
• Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion
The Debate over Imperialism
• He helped U.S. drive Spain out of the Philippine Islands
• Now he is leading the uprising against the U. S.
The Debate over Imperialism
• U.S. fought a guerilla war
• Took 3 years and 7,000 American casualties
• 20,000 Filipinos died in the fighting
The Debate over Imperialism
• Along with 200,000 Filipino citizens
• Agreement in 1934 Philippines would become independent in 1944
The Debate over Imperialism
• Why did this not happen?
• World War II
The Debate over Imperialism
• On July 4, 1946 Republic of the Philippines was born
The Debate over Imperialism
• Puerto Rico and Cuba
The Debate over Imperialism
• Cuba had problems1.no strong government
2.starvation of their people
3.Disease
4.crime
The Debate over Imperialism
• 1902 Platt Amendment–Stated United States had the
right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs if necessary for the
–Protection of life liberty and individual liberty
The Debate over Imperialism
• Leased naval base around Guantanamo bay
Big Stick America and the World 1901-1917
Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Diplomacy
• “speak softly and carry a big stick”
• Based on Monroe Doctrine
• Monroe Doctrine
• Europe to stay out of Latin America
• United States will stay out of European wars and business
• Annual message to Congress
• Reinforced Monroe Document and added that if Latin American countires default United States will intervene
• Military action would be last resort
Dollar Diplomacy
Utilizing of financial strength and clout rather than military force
Taft did not like war
Nicaragua
Concern of a rival canal being built by an European power
United States assisted (private sources not government)
Overthrew government
Taft’s administration pushed for a loan to Nicaragua to pay for debt to Britain
Also American was appointed collector of customs to insure payment of debt to United States
In 1912 to calm situation United States sent 2,500 Marines to protect United States interest in Nicaragua thus calming the situation
Canada
Taft proposed a reciprocal agreement on trade with Canada
Some thought this was as disguised as the beginnings of annexing Canada
This led to a new government in
Canada and the treaty was rejected
Mexico and Latin America
•Intervention in Mexico•Revolution in Mexico•Victoriano Huerta
•Wilson refused to recognize
•Vera Cruz operation•Sailors arrested
•Wilson sent Marines•United the entire Mexican Population behind Huerta
•19 Americans were killed and Wilson was in an no win situation
•A Negotiated settlement was arranged
•Mexico would still be a thorn in Wilson’s side
•United States recognized new government after Huerta was forced out
•Pancho Villa •Rebel against new government and was originally a U. S. supporter
•Any Similarities ?
–Villa attacked border town–Columbus New Mexico–18 Americans were killed
•U. S. forces drove off attack
•General John J. “Black Jack” Pershing
•Sent to hunt Villa down in Mexico