Post on 28-Dec-2015
9th Grade ScienceMr. Opatrny
Some images are from www.chem4kids.com
www.middleschoolscience.com 2010
Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
Families on the Periodic TableMetalsNonmetalsSemi-conductors/Metalloids
Metals:Left-side of table
(except for Hydrogen)
Shinyconducts heat and
electricity wellcan be stretched
and shapedusually solidsmake cations
Nonmetals:Right-side of table
(except for Hydrogen)
may be solid, liquid, or gas
typically dull and brittle
poor conductorsmake anions
Semi-conductors:Where the metals and non-metals meetalso called metalloidsnonmetals that conduct under certain
conditionsOnly 6:
BoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTellurium
ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it
is a non-metalAll are metals and solid at
room temp1 Valence ElectronCreate +1 ionsSoft and silvery, shinyVery reactive, esp. with waterConduct electricity
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2MetalsSolids at room
temp2 electrons in the
outer shellCreate +2 ionsWhite, silvery, and
malleableReactive, but less
than Alkali metalsConduct electricity
TRANSITION METALSMetalsAlmost all are solids
at room temp (Hg)Good conductors of
heat and electricity.1 or 2 Valence
ElectronsCan create up to 4
different cationsLess Reactive than
Alkali and Alkaline Earth
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
BORON FAMILY Group 133 electrons in
the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a
metalloidReactiveSolid at room
temp
CARBON FAMILY Group 144 electrons in the
outer shellContains 3
metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C)
Reactivity variesSolids at room
temp
NITROGEN FAMILY Group 155 electrons in the
outer shellCan share
electrons to form compounds
Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals
Reactivity VariesNitrogen is the
only gas at room temp, rest are solids
OXYGEN FAMILY Group 166 electrons in the
outer shellCreate -2 ionsContains 2
metals, 1 metalloid, and 3 non-metals
ReactiveOxygen is a gas,
the rest are solids at room temp
HalogensGroup 177 electrons in the
outer shellCreate -1 ionsNon-metals, Uus
is unknownVery reactive -
are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals
Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids
Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Rare Earth MetalsSome are
RadioactiveThe rare
earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity
You may watch more videos about the elements at:
http://www.periodicvideos.com/