9th Grade ScienceMr. Opatrny

Some images are from www.chem4kids.com

www.middleschoolscience.com 2010

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

Families on the Periodic TableMetalsNonmetalsSemi-conductors/Metalloids

Metals:Left-side of table

(except for Hydrogen)

Shinyconducts heat and

electricity wellcan be stretched

and shapedusually solidsmake cations

Nonmetals:Right-side of table

(except for Hydrogen)

may be solid, liquid, or gas

typically dull and brittle

poor conductorsmake anions

Semi-conductors:Where the metals and non-metals meetalso called metalloidsnonmetals that conduct under certain

conditionsOnly 6:

BoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTellurium

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it

is a non-metalAll are metals and solid at

room temp1 Valence ElectronCreate +1 ionsSoft and silvery, shinyVery reactive, esp. with waterConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2MetalsSolids at room

temp2 electrons in the

outer shellCreate +2 ionsWhite, silvery, and

malleableReactive, but less

than Alkali metalsConduct electricity

TRANSITION METALSMetalsAlmost all are solids

at room temp (Hg)Good conductors of

heat and electricity.1 or 2 Valence

ElectronsCan create up to 4

different cationsLess Reactive than

Alkali and Alkaline Earth

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

BORON FAMILY Group 133 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloidReactiveSolid at room

temp

CARBON FAMILY Group 144 electrons in the

outer shellContains 3

metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C)

Reactivity variesSolids at room

temp

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 155 electrons in the

outer shellCan share

electrons to form compounds

Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals

Reactivity VariesNitrogen is the

only gas at room temp, rest are solids

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 166 electrons in the

outer shellCreate -2 ionsContains 2

metals, 1 metalloid, and 3 non-metals

ReactiveOxygen is a gas,

the rest are solids at room temp

HalogensGroup 177 electrons in the

outer shellCreate -1 ionsNon-metals, Uus

is unknownVery reactive -

are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals

Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids

Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Rare Earth MetalsSome are

RadioactiveThe rare

earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

You may watch more videos about the elements at:

http://www.periodicvideos.com/