Post on 01-Apr-2015
7.1
Mechanisms(perceptual, motivational, learning, motor, etc.)
Behavioral capacities
Lifetime reproductive success
Next generation
Developmental programs
Geneticinfluences
Nongeneticinfluences
7.2
Exteroceptive and interoceptive information
Perceptual processes
Short-term acquisition
Long-term storage
Storage
Response selection
Physiological activation Behavioral activation
Retrieval
Ass
oci
ati
ve
lear
nin
g
7.3
(a) Classical conditioning (b) Instrumental conditioning
Stimulus 1(CS)
Stimulus 2(US)
Response 2(CR)
Response 1(UR)
Stimulus 1(SD)
Stimulus 2(SR)
Response 1(Ri)
Response 2(Rc)
7.4
SD Ri SR
(Pavlovian)
eR
(a) Two-process theory (parallel processing)
(b) Occasion-setting theory (hierarchical processing)
SD ri eR Ri SR
ri
(Instrumental)
7.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sal Lid Sal Lid Sal Lid Sal Lid
Nu
mb
er
of A
nim
als
Re
spo
nd
ing
.
Place
Response
Test
Start
Goal
Caudate Nucleus Caudate NucleusHippocampal Hippocampal
Test Day 8 Test Day 16
7.6
Master
Yoked
Ri Nothing
No R
Trials when Master Animal Responds
R
SDMaster
Yoked
No Ri
“SD”
SR
No R
R
Trials when Master Animal does not Respond
Nothing
“SR”
or
or“SD”
SD
7.7
Startle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Sessions
To
tal B
eh
avi
or
(%)
Omission
Yoked
Head-jerk
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Sessions
To
tal B
eh
avi
or
(%)
Omission
Yoked
Magazine
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Sessions
Tot
al B
ehav
ior
(%)
Omission
Yoked
7.8
Eyeblink (Rabbits)
0
40
80
120
0 200 400 600 800
CS-US Delay (ms)
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of C
Rs
Keypeck (Pigeons)0
40
80
120
0 10 20 30 40
CS-US Delay (s)
Tri
als
to C
rite
rio
n
Licking (Rats)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8
CS-US Delay (s)
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of C
Rs
Conditioned reinforcement (Rats)
20
30
40
50
0 2 4 6 8 10
CS-US Delay (s)
Re
spo
nse
s
Conditioned Suppression (Rats)0
2
4
6
8
0 30 60 90
CS-US Delay (s)
La
ten
cy
Flavor Aversion (Rats)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-2 0 2 4 6
CS-US Delay (h)R
eje
ctio
n R
atio
7.9
Start Box
Goal Box
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Trials
Me
an
Err
ors
FS-R
FS-NT
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Trials
Me
an
Err
ors
S-R
S-NT
Treatment
Treatment
7.10
Acq
uis
itio
n S
core
Cycle/Trial Duration Ratio
1
10
100
1000
1 10 100
7.11
Spontaneous Recovery
024
68
10
0 10 20 30 40
Time (min)
Dro
ps o
f Sal
iva
Disinhibition
0
3
6
9
12
0 10 20 30
Time (min)
Dro
ps o
f Sal
iva
(3)(2)(1)
7.12
Summation Test
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Experimental Control
Groups
Med
ian
Mag
azin
e E
ntry
(s
econ
ds/t
rial)
C
CL
Retardation Test
0
2
4
6
8
Experimental Control
Groups
Med
ian
Mag
azin
e E
ntry
(s
econ
ds/t
rial)
7.13
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Sessions
Log
+ 1
(s)
Tot
al T
ime
500 mg
45 mg
Acquisition Extinction
7.14
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
200-Trial Blocks
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Ch
oic
e o
f Re
d K
ey
No 20
No 22
70:30 50:50 30:70 50:50
7.15
Startbox
Side arm(black)
Side arm(white)
Goalbox
Choice box
Delay box
10 cm
Doors
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10-Trial Blocks
Co
rre
ct R
esp
on
ses
(%)
White noise
Light
Handling
Control
7.16
0 2010 300
.2
.4
.6
.8
Pro
bab
ilit
y
1.0
Postfood Time (s)
Feeder area
Running
Other
Running wheel area
Drinking
Water bottle area
7.17
Predating
Generalsearch
Focalsearch
Handle /consume
Travel
Socialize
Investigate
Chase
Lie in wait
Capture
Test
Ingest
Reject
Hoard
MODE
Locomote
ScanCrawl over
SniffNosePaw
Track
Cut off
Immobile
PounceGrab
BiteGnawHoldChew
Swallow
Spit outWipe off
Carry
MODULE ACTIONSUBSYSTEM
No ResponseLight PainShock
Early trials, first process:
ResponseLight Light off
Later trials, second process:
Fear reduction
Fear
Fear
Pavlovian
Instrumental
7.18
Shock off
7.19
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Defeat Time (min) Bite Number
Def
eat
Tim
e (m
in)
or N
umbe
r of
Bite
s
Master
Yoked
No Shock
7.20
CR UR
Compensatory responses
Hyperalgesia
7.21
CS
Cues present before and during
drug administration
Context
US
Direct effects of the drug
Hypoalgesia
Unconditioned linkConditioned link