Post on 26-Jan-2017
Research and Development
in Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Suwaluk Amawan
Agricultural Scientist
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Field Crops and Renewable Crops Research institue,
Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Economic World Situation
Research and Development
Varieties Released
Outline
Economic Thailand Situation
Utilization
Economic World Situation
Economic World Situation
The importance of cassava
• Cassava is an important food crop in the world
• Cassava is an important food crop in tropical countries
Specific countries; Africa and South America
• In Asia, Indonesia and India are consuming a lot of cassava
Food Animal feed Other benefits
Production (percent)
60 27.5 12.5
Economic World Situation
2012, Thailand is no.2 of the world:
Production of cassava 29.84 million tons
2. Thai: 29.84 Million tons
3. Indonesia : 24.17 Million tons4. Brazil: 23.04 Million tons
1. Nigeria: 54.0 Million tons
Economic World Situation
Cassava export country
Quantity: tons.
Economic World Situation
Exports of cassava, 2011
Major exporting country is Thailand ; have 79.56%
of all market
Economic Thailand Situation
Situation of cassava in ThailandEconomic Situation of Thailand
Thailand is the world’s leading exporter
Economic Situation of Thailand
Exports of cassava products in Thailand from 2008 -2012
Volume: million tons.
Pellet
Cassava-
chip
Starch
Modified-
starch
All product
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Economic Situation of Thailand
Year 2014 expected price cassava farm is close to the year 2013
Situation Marketing year 2014
The average price 83 US$/ton
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Department of Agriculture
Field Crops Research Institute
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Ministry of Agriculture
and Cooperatives
Soybean
Sugarcane
Corn Sesame
Cassava
Research and Development
Laboratory Field
Plant genetic resourcesCassava germplasm collection
Characterization
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture
Germplasm
Somatic embryogenesis
Tissue Culture
Breeding
Fertilization.
F1 seeds
F1 seedling
2. Single-Row trial600-800 clones
3. Preliminary trial100-140 clones
4. Standard trial 20-30 clones
5. Regional trial 8-12 clones
6. On Farm trial 3-5 clones
7. On Field test 2-3 clones
1. F1 seedling trial 10,000-12,000 seedlings
Breeding
Breeding
Main Objectives
� Industry
- High yield and High starch content
- Early bulking
- Ethanol
� Edible
- High yield , low HCN
- Good test, texture, nutritions
� Resistant to Pest & Disease
Agronomy
Preparing land
Cassava propagation
• Healthy stem• 8 – 12 months
Steak 20-25 cm.
Soil conservation & improvement
Soil conservation & improvement
Organic fertilizer green manure
Fertilizer
Chemical fertilization
Apply at 1-2 month
� 312 Kg./ha in loamy clay� 625 Kg./ha in sandy soil
Plant protection
Plant protection
Weed control
Diseases
Cassava anthracnose disease
(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis)
Cassava bacterial blight
(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis)
Plant protection
Brown leaf spot
(Cercospora henningsii)
Root rots (Phytophthora drechsleri,
Pythium spp., Sclerotium sp.)
Plant protection
Insect pests of cassava in Thailand
Red spider mite
Whitefly
Mealy bug
Insect
Red spider mite
mouth part
body part
- size 100-400 micron - body part
- body separate 2 part - 4 pair of legs
- mouth part - sucking type mouth part
Life cycle of spider miteLife cycle of spider miteegg
Lavar Nymph 1
Nymph 2
Adult maleAdult female
Insect
Whitefly
Life cycle of whitefly
Life cycle of whitefly
Insect
Striped Mealy bug Jack Beardsley Mealy bug
Madeira Mealy bug Pink Mealy bug
Mealy bug
bunchy top die back
stem is dense
Symptom of
damages
low Yield
Insect
Parasite Predators
Anagyrus sp.
Natural enemies
Male
Anagyrus lopezi
Female
A. lopezi has efficiency for controlling pink
maelybag about 35-50 mealy bug per day
Natural enemies
PARASITOID FOR PINK MEALY BUG CONTROLLING
IN THAILAND
Cassava Released Varieties
in Thailand
Rayong 1 Year Released 1975
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails
22 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
13.6 t/ha
Starch content 18-24 %
Rayong 2Year Released 1984
Sweet type for human consumption
Moderately high yield 19 t/ha
Low starch content 14 %
Rayong 3 Year Released 1984
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 19.9 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
11.8 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %
Rayong 60 Year Released 1987
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 26.5 t/ha
Avg. fresh rots yield (Farmers’ field)
14.7 t/ha
Starch content 18-25 %
Rayong 90 Year Released 1991
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trials 24.8 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 14.7 t/ha
Starch content 24-29 %
Rayong 5 Year Released 1994
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails 25.6 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 18.1 t/ha
Starch content 22-27 %
Rayong 72 Year released 2000
Avg. fresh roots yield from 108 trails 31.6 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 25.0 t/ha
Starch content 20-25 %
Rayong 7 Year released 2005
Good for late rainy season
Avg. fresh roots yield 25 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %
Rayong 9Year released 2006
High ethanol yield 180 l/ton
of fresh root
Avg. fresh roots yield 30.6 t/ha
Starch content 24-30 %
Rayong 11 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 27.7 t/ha
Starch content 26-32 %
Rayong 86-13 Year released 2013
High starch yield
Avg. fresh roots yield 28.18 t/ha
Starch content 26.3 % (rainy season)
Kasetsart 50 Year released 1992
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 26.6 t/ha
Starch content 22-28 %
Hauy Bong 60 Year released 2003
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 30 t/ha
Starch content 25-30 %
Hauy Bong 80 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 31.25 t/ha
Starch content 27.3%
Service
Service
Distribution pieces of cassava to farmers
• Workshops
• Distribution of parasitoids
• Demonstration of release parasitoids to cassava field of farmers
training
Utilization
Thai dessert and snack
bakery
Bioplastic
Ethanol Industry
Cassava factory
Cassava chip
Cassava factory
Starch
Thank you for your listening