2015. suwaluk amawan. RYFCRC Characterization of cassava

Research and Development

in Rayong Field Crops Research Center

Suwaluk Amawan

Agricultural Scientist

Rayong Field Crops Research Center

Field Crops and Renewable Crops Research institue,

Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

Economic World Situation


Varieties Released

Outline

Economic Thailand Situation

Utilization


The importance of cassava

• Cassava is an important food crop in the world

• Cassava is an important food crop in tropical countries

Specific countries; Africa and South America

• In Asia, Indonesia and India are consuming a lot of cassava

Food Animal feed Other benefits

Production (percent)

60 27.5 12.5


2012, Thailand is no.2 of the world:

Production of cassava 29.84 million tons

2. Thai: 29.84 Million tons

3. Indonesia : 24.17 Million tons4. Brazil: 23.04 Million tons

1. Nigeria: 54.0 Million tons


Cassava export country

Quantity: tons.


Exports of cassava, 2011

Major exporting country is Thailand ; have 79.56%

of all market

Economic Thailand Situation

Situation of cassava in ThailandEconomic Situation of Thailand

Thailand is the world’s leading exporter

Economic Situation of Thailand

Exports of cassava products in Thailand from 2008 -2012

Volume: million tons.

Pellet

Cassava-

chip

Starch

Modified-

starch

All product

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Economic Situation of Thailand

Year 2014 expected price cassava farm is close to the year 2013

Situation Marketing year 2014

The average price 83 US$/ton

Department of Agriculture

Field Crops Research Institute


Ministry of Agriculture

and Cooperatives

Soybean

Sugarcane

Corn Sesame

Cassava

Laboratory Field

Plant genetic resourcesCassava germplasm collection

Characterization

Tissue Culture

Tissue culture

Germplasm

Somatic embryogenesis

Tissue Culture

Breeding

Fertilization.

F1 seeds

F1 seedling

2. Single-Row trial600-800 clones

3. Preliminary trial100-140 clones

4. Standard trial 20-30 clones

5. Regional trial 8-12 clones

6. On Farm trial 3-5 clones

7. On Field test 2-3 clones

1. F1 seedling trial 10,000-12,000 seedlings

Breeding

Breeding

Main Objectives

� Industry

- High yield and High starch content

- Early bulking

- Ethanol

� Edible

- High yield , low HCN

- Good test, texture, nutritions

� Resistant to Pest & Disease

Agronomy

Preparing land

Cassava propagation

• Healthy stem• 8 – 12 months

Steak 20-25 cm.

Soil conservation & improvement

Soil conservation & improvement

Organic fertilizer green manure

Fertilizer

Chemical fertilization

Apply at 1-2 month

� 312 Kg./ha in loamy clay� 625 Kg./ha in sandy soil

Plant protection

Plant protection

Weed control

Diseases

Cassava anthracnose disease

(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis)

Cassava bacterial blight

(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis)

Plant protection

Brown leaf spot

(Cercospora henningsii)

Root rots (Phytophthora drechsleri,

Pythium spp., Sclerotium sp.)

Plant protection

Insect pests of cassava in Thailand

Red spider mite

Whitefly

Mealy bug

Insect

Red spider mite

mouth part

body part

- size 100-400 micron - body part

- body separate 2 part - 4 pair of legs

- mouth part - sucking type mouth part

Life cycle of spider miteLife cycle of spider miteegg

Lavar Nymph 1

Nymph 2

Adult maleAdult female

Insect

Whitefly

Life cycle of whitefly

Life cycle of whitefly

Insect

Striped Mealy bug Jack Beardsley Mealy bug

Madeira Mealy bug Pink Mealy bug

Mealy bug

bunchy top die back

stem is dense

Symptom of

damages

low Yield

Insect

Parasite Predators

Anagyrus sp.

Natural enemies

Male

Anagyrus lopezi

Female

A. lopezi has efficiency for controlling pink

maelybag about 35-50 mealy bug per day

Natural enemies

PARASITOID FOR PINK MEALY BUG CONTROLLING

IN THAILAND

Cassava Released Varieties

in Thailand

Rayong 1 Year Released 1975

Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails

22 t/ha

Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)

13.6 t/ha

Starch content 18-24 %

Rayong 2Year Released 1984

Sweet type for human consumption

Moderately high yield 19 t/ha

Low starch content 14 %


Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 19.9 t/ha

Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)

11.8 t/ha




Avg. fresh rots yield (Farmers’ field)

14.7 t/ha




Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 14.7 t/ha



Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails 25.6 t/ha



Rayong 72 Year released 2000

Avg. fresh roots yield from 108 trails 31.6 t/ha




Good for late rainy season

Avg. fresh roots yield 25 t/ha


Rayong 9Year released 2006

High ethanol yield 180 l/ton

of fresh root

Avg. fresh roots yield 30.6 t/ha



High starch content



Rayong 86-13 Year released 2013

High starch yield


Starch content 26.3 % (rainy season)

Kasetsart 50 Year released 1992

High starch content



Hauy Bong 60 Year released 2003

High starch content

Avg. fresh roots yield 30 t/ha


Hauy Bong 80 Year released 2010

High starch content


Starch content 27.3%

Service

Service

Distribution pieces of cassava to farmers

• Workshops

• Distribution of parasitoids

• Demonstration of release parasitoids to cassava field of farmers

training

Utilization

Thai dessert and snack

bakery

Bioplastic

Ethanol Industry

Cassava factory

Cassava chip

Cassava factory

Starch

Thank you for your listening

2015. suwaluk amawan. RYFCRC Characterization of cassava

Science

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