What do we currently know aboutthe Modern Age?

Who are these guys?

THE BEGINNING OF MODERN AGE

1453End of hundred years warFall of Constantinople

1492End of Reconquista

Discovery of America

1516Luther against theCatholic Church

1519Death of Leonardo

Hernan Cortés conquests México

16th Century: Changing times.• ECONOMY: Growth and change. Towards

capitalism and mundialization.

• SOCIETY: The rise of a new bourgeosie.

• POLITICS: The rise of the monarchies and the modern state.

• CULTURE: New horizons (discoveries), new styles (Renaissance), new religions (Luther)

ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION

CAUSES OF

GROWTH

CAUSES EVIDENCES

ECONOMY 16th CENTURY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION

CAUSES OF

GROWTH

CAUSES EVIDENCES

ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION

CAUSES OF

GROWTH

Production +

Trade +

Social stability

MONEY

INCOME

Population +Death rate lower

Healthier people

Less diseases T

Richer cities

And merchant T

Less toubles

Less wars.. F / T

America

Far east T

More noble

Metals (silver) T

CAUSESEVIDENCES

ECONOMY: GROWTH AND EXPANSION

WHAT HAPPENS IF…

More gold and silver are avaliable.

Inflation (higher price)

(people cant buy

So many things)

More demand(people want to buy

more goods)

More income

For kings

+ production(traders will offer more

goods and jobs)

- Production(traders will produce less,

+ unemployement)

More armies conquest..

CHAIN OF CONSEQUENCES

Social unrest(possible)

The gap between richAnd poor is widerMigrations.

INFLATION AND MONEY

One Dress for 2 ducades

Price: 2 ducades

INFLATION AND MONEY

Two dresses for 4 ducadesMore money in the market motivates production

INFLATION AND MONEY

3 dresses for 9 ducadesToo much money in the market creates inflation

Price: 3 ducades

Economy growth

The agriculture improvement

More landsTo cultivate

New Techniques(irrigation,Channels…)

More production

Demographicgrowth

Greaterdemand

The growth of economy

More currency(silver and goldFrom America)

Financial improvements(bankers lend money, loans)

New marketsAnd trade routes

Greaterdemand

More production

ECONOMICGROWTH

The discovery of rich mines of silver in Central Europe and South America brought more money to spend in the economy.

RISE OF NOBLE METALS

• New silver mines are discovered at this time (central Europe, America). As a consequence a bigger amount of money is avalaible in the market. This motivates more production and a stimulus for the economy. But in the long run, too much money generates a rise in the prices (inflation) and a crisis (people can’t buy

so many goods as before).

• WHAT CAN IT MEAN IF WE FIND SPANISH SILVER COINS, MADE IN MEXICO, IN THE TOMBS OF THE CHINESE EMPERORS?

SOCIETYA slow and

continuos change

XII CENTURY

XVIII CENTURY

What was the Name for thissociety?

SOCIETY IN 16th CENTURY

THEBOURGUEOISIEMore wealthy And powerful.

Bankers andBig merchants Will lend moneyTo kings.

THE NOBILITY

They will lose all their political power, and will start to work for the kings.In exchange, kings willincrease their wealthand prestige.

THE CHURCHBeing a priviledged estate in the MiddleAge, their conditions will change dramatically afterReformation in some countries.

THE PEASANTSFeudal obligationsdissapear in WesternEurope (they are notServes any longer).

Their life conditions will remainhard and unpleasant.

The transformation of the monarchies

VS.

FEUDAL MONARCHYMiddle Age

Kings Control only their own fiefs.

Nobles and Parliaments challenge his power

Irregular income:Scarce resources.

AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY16th century

Real control over theWhole country

Nobles became officials and generals.Parliaments lose power.

More income: regular resources

VS

ELEMENTS OF THEMODERN MONARCHY

The army.More income allows the kingsTo keep a state army, not longerDepending on the private armiesOf the nobles.

The weapons are now more Expensive, and the armies, bigger.

BUREAUCRACYThe state has nowMore people workingFor them (justice,taxes, administration

HIGHER TAXATIONKings had now a Regular incomeFrom new taxes (trade, for instance)

Cervantes was a tax collectorHe standed accused of corruption, And condemned to jail.

20% of the money comingFrom America, was for the king

DIPLOMACYIncreased inThe 16th century.

Ambassadors became knownrepresentingthe king’sinterests

CAPITALSThe kingsStarted to live in a singleplace, andBecame theMain centre ofThe country.

EUROPE: XVI CENTURY

MAQUIAVELO“A prince shouldNot care about Being cruel if he keeps His subjects united And loyal”

The Catholic Monarchs

UNION GIVES POWER AND STRENGTH

The expansion in the Iberian Peninsula

The expansion in Europe

The religious unity

The religious persecution

Inquistion (1478)PersecutedHeretics,False Christians(Jews and Muslims)And was under Control of theMonarchy,

Inquisition: the persecution

The inquisitionAvoided theSpread of Protestantism,But in exchange,Spain became a Very intolerantCountry.

Inquisition nowadays:The islamic state

The defeat of nobility

The internal order

Jail And headquatersof Santa Hermandad(Toledo)

CONTADURIA

COURTS OF JUSTICE

CORREGIDORESThe state has nowMore people workingFor them (justice,taxes, administration

The world in the 15th centuryTolomeo’s Geography

The age of Discovery

CAUSES

AGE OFDISCOVERIES

NEW TRADE ROUTESFAll of Constantinople andAlexandria forced the Europeans to find new Trade routes for Far East.

The age of DiscoveryTechnical innovations:New ships: carabelas andNaos, able to Travel through theAtlantic Ocean

Technical advances: astrolabe

Compass

IDEOLOGICAL PURPOSES:The ideal of Reconquest

FINANCIAL SUPPORTBy the kings of PortugalAnd Spain

Consequences: Treaty of Tordesillas

POPE

KINGS OF SPAINKING OFPORTUGAL

Consequences: Tordesillas (1494)