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Proteins

Getting from

to

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Proteins

What are they?

Amino Acids

Lean Muscle

Peptide Bond Peptides

PoultryFishMeat

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Proteins

Where do they come from?

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Proteins

Where are Carbohydrates found on the Food Pyramid?

GRAINSVEGETABLE

SFRUITS OILS MILK

MEAT & BEANS

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Functions of Proteins

Why do we need them?

• Provide Energy

• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair

• Fluid and pH Balance

• Metabolism and Transportion

• Immune System

04/20/23 06:41

Functions of Proteins

Why do we need them?

• Provide Energy

• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair

• Fluid and pH Balance

• Metabolism and Transportion

• Immune System

04/20/23 06:41

Functions of Proteins

Why do we need them?

• Provide Energy

• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair

• Fluid and pH Balance

• Metabolism and Transportion

• Immune System

04/20/23 06:41

Functions of Proteins

Why do we need them?

• Provide Energy

• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair

• Fluid and pH Balance

• Metabolism and Transportation

• Immune System

04/20/23 06:41

Functions of Proteins

Why do we need them?

• Provide Energy

• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair

• Fluid and pH Balance

• Metabolism and Transportation

• Immune System

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Proteins

What are the Building Blocks?

Amino Acids (Peptides)

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Proteins

What are the Building Blocks?

Amino Acid (Peptide)

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Proteins

What are the Building Blocks?

Dipeptide = 2 joined Amino Acids

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Proteins

What are the Building Blocks?

Polypeptide = 3 or more Amino Acids

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Amino Acids (20)

Why do we need them?

Classes of Amino Acids

• Indispensable Amino Acids

• Dispensable Amino Acids

• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids

(Dispensable similar to Essential)

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Amino Acids (20)

Why do we need them?

Classes of Amino Acids

• Indispensable Amino Acids

• Dispensable Amino Acids

• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids

(Dispensable similar to Essential)

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Amino Acids (20)

Why do we need them?

Classes of Amino Acids

• Indispensable Amino Acids

• Dispensable Amino Acids

• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids

(Dispensable similar to Essential)

04/20/23 06:41

Amino Acids (20)

Why do we need them?

Classes of Amino Acids

• Indispensable Amino Acids

• Dispensable Amino Acids

• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids

(Dispensable similar to Essential)

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A Complete Protein

All 20 Amino Acids

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Complete Proteins

So, why don’t we just eat eggs every day instead of beef and other fatty meats?

Critical Thinking

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Proteins

Mechanical – Mastication

The Mouth

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Proteins

Chemical– Pepsinogen [ converted byHydrochloric Acid to ] Pepsin

Mechanical – Churning

The Stomach

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Proteins

Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream

Enzyme – Trypsinogen [activated by Enterokinase] to Trypsin

The Small Intestine

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Proteins

StomachSecretes pepsinogen (inactive)HCL activates pepsinogen to pepsin

PancreasSecretes trypsinogen (inactive) and sends to small intestine

Small IntestineEnterokinase activates trypsinogen to trypsin

Protein Enzymes

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Proteins

Nitrogen Balance

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

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Proteins

Nitrogen Balance

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

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Proteins

Breaking Down

Catabolism – breaking down the proteinmolecule releasing nitrogen into the bloodsystem

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Proteins

Building Up

Anabolism – resynthesizing the amino acids tocellular and tissue materials

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Proteins

Ammonia – BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Excess nitrogen is converted to Urea and then taken to the kidneys to be excreted.

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

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ProteinsNitrogen Balance

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

Consumed

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

Excreted

=

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Proteins

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

Consumed

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

Excreted

>

+ Nitrogen Balance

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Proteins+ Nitrogen Balance

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Proteins+ Nitrogen Balance

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Proteins+ Nitrogen Balance

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Proteins

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

Consumed

Hydrogen (3)

Nitrogen (1)

Excreted

<

- Nitrogen Balance

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Proteins- Nitrogen Balance

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Storing Energy

as adipose tissue

All excess protein will be stored

Adipose Tissue

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Proteins

During life span periods when the BMR is commonly elevated, would you expect the person to be in Nitrogen Balance + Nitrogen Balance - Nitrogen Balance

Critical Thinking

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Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Kwashiorkor

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Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Marasmus

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High Protein Diets

•Protein food are often high in cholesterol and other saturated fats•Filling up with protein leaves no appetite for vitamin enriched carbohydrates and fiber•Excess nitrogen excretion may cause kidney impairment over time

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Proteins Dietary Requirements

Carbohydrates 50%

Fats 10%Proteins 40%

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Proteins

Getting from

to

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Proteins