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10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids...
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Transcript of 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids...
![Page 1: 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids Lean Muscle Peptide Bond Peptides Poultry Fish Meat.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649f175503460f94c2db13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
04/20/23 06:41
Proteins
Getting from
to
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Proteins
What are they?
Amino Acids
Lean Muscle
Peptide Bond Peptides
PoultryFishMeat
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Proteins
Where do they come from?
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Proteins
Where are Carbohydrates found on the Food Pyramid?
GRAINSVEGETABLE
SFRUITS OILS MILK
MEAT & BEANS
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Functions of Proteins
Why do we need them?
• Provide Energy
• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair
• Fluid and pH Balance
• Metabolism and Transportion
• Immune System
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Functions of Proteins
Why do we need them?
• Provide Energy
• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair
• Fluid and pH Balance
• Metabolism and Transportion
• Immune System
![Page 7: 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids Lean Muscle Peptide Bond Peptides Poultry Fish Meat.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649f175503460f94c2db13/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
04/20/23 06:41
Functions of Proteins
Why do we need them?
• Provide Energy
• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair
• Fluid and pH Balance
• Metabolism and Transportion
• Immune System
![Page 8: 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids Lean Muscle Peptide Bond Peptides Poultry Fish Meat.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649f175503460f94c2db13/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
04/20/23 06:41
Functions of Proteins
Why do we need them?
• Provide Energy
• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair
• Fluid and pH Balance
• Metabolism and Transportation
• Immune System
![Page 9: 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids Lean Muscle Peptide Bond Peptides Poultry Fish Meat.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649f175503460f94c2db13/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
04/20/23 06:41
Functions of Proteins
Why do we need them?
• Provide Energy
• Cell / Tissue Building and Repair
• Fluid and pH Balance
• Metabolism and Transportation
• Immune System
![Page 10: 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids Lean Muscle Peptide Bond Peptides Poultry Fish Meat.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649f175503460f94c2db13/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
04/20/23 06:41
Proteins
What are the Building Blocks?
Amino Acids (Peptides)
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Proteins
What are the Building Blocks?
Amino Acid (Peptide)
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Proteins
What are the Building Blocks?
Dipeptide = 2 joined Amino Acids
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Proteins
What are the Building Blocks?
Polypeptide = 3 or more Amino Acids
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Amino Acids (20)
Why do we need them?
Classes of Amino Acids
• Indispensable Amino Acids
• Dispensable Amino Acids
• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids
(Dispensable similar to Essential)
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Amino Acids (20)
Why do we need them?
Classes of Amino Acids
• Indispensable Amino Acids
• Dispensable Amino Acids
• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids
(Dispensable similar to Essential)
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Amino Acids (20)
Why do we need them?
Classes of Amino Acids
• Indispensable Amino Acids
• Dispensable Amino Acids
• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids
(Dispensable similar to Essential)
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04/20/23 06:41
Amino Acids (20)
Why do we need them?
Classes of Amino Acids
• Indispensable Amino Acids
• Dispensable Amino Acids
• Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids
(Dispensable similar to Essential)
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A Complete Protein
All 20 Amino Acids
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Complete Proteins
So, why don’t we just eat eggs every day instead of beef and other fatty meats?
Critical Thinking
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Proteins
Mechanical – Mastication
The Mouth
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Proteins
Chemical– Pepsinogen [ converted byHydrochloric Acid to ] Pepsin
Mechanical – Churning
The Stomach
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Proteins
Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream
Enzyme – Trypsinogen [activated by Enterokinase] to Trypsin
The Small Intestine
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Proteins
StomachSecretes pepsinogen (inactive)HCL activates pepsinogen to pepsin
PancreasSecretes trypsinogen (inactive) and sends to small intestine
Small IntestineEnterokinase activates trypsinogen to trypsin
Protein Enzymes
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Proteins
Nitrogen Balance
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
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Proteins
Nitrogen Balance
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
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Proteins
Breaking Down
Catabolism – breaking down the proteinmolecule releasing nitrogen into the bloodsystem
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Proteins
Building Up
Anabolism – resynthesizing the amino acids tocellular and tissue materials
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Proteins
Ammonia – BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Excess nitrogen is converted to Urea and then taken to the kidneys to be excreted.
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
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ProteinsNitrogen Balance
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
Consumed
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
Excreted
=
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Proteins
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
Consumed
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
Excreted
>
+ Nitrogen Balance
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Proteins+ Nitrogen Balance
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Proteins+ Nitrogen Balance
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Proteins+ Nitrogen Balance
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Proteins
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
Consumed
Hydrogen (3)
Nitrogen (1)
Excreted
<
- Nitrogen Balance
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Proteins- Nitrogen Balance
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Storing Energy
as adipose tissue
All excess protein will be stored
Adipose Tissue
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Proteins
During life span periods when the BMR is commonly elevated, would you expect the person to be in Nitrogen Balance + Nitrogen Balance - Nitrogen Balance
Critical Thinking
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Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Kwashiorkor
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Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Marasmus
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High Protein Diets
•Protein food are often high in cholesterol and other saturated fats•Filling up with protein leaves no appetite for vitamin enriched carbohydrates and fiber•Excess nitrogen excretion may cause kidney impairment over time
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Proteins Dietary Requirements
Carbohydrates 50%
Fats 10%Proteins 40%
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Proteins
Getting from
to
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Proteins