1-1

Organizations, Environments, and Information Technology

1-2

The New World of Business

• Business pressures

• Organizational responses

• Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT)

1-3

Business Pressures

• Market pressures

• Technological pressures

• Societal pressures

1-4

Market Pressures

• Global economy - strong competition

• Changing nature of the workforce

• Powerful customers

1-5

Technological Pressures

• Technological innovation and obsolescence

• Information overload

1-6

Societal Pressures

• Social responsibility– Government regulations– Government deregulation– Shrinking budgets and subsidies

• Ethical issues

1-7

Organizational Responses

• Strategic systems

• Continuous improvement efforts

• Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

• Business alliances

• Electronic commerce

1-8

Strategic Systems

Strategic systems provide organizations with strategic advantages, thus enabling them to increase their market share, to better negotiate with their suppliers, or to prevent competitors from entering their territory.

1-9

Continuous Improvement Efforts

• Improved productivity

• Just-in-time

• Total Quality Management (TMQ)

• Improved decision making

• Managing information and knowledge

• Innovation and creativity

• Change management

• Customer service

1-10

Business Process Reengineering(BPR)

• Reducing Cycle Time (CT)

• Empowerment of employees

• Customer-focused approach

• Restructuring and team-based structure

1-11

Business Alliances

• Enterprise Resource Planning (EPR)

• Electronic commerce

1-12

Information Systems and Information Technology

• What is an information system?

• What is a computer-based information system?

• What is the difference between computers and information systems?

• What is information technology?

1-13

What Is an Information System?

An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose.

1-14

What Is a Computer-Based Information System?

• Hardware

• Software

• Database

• Network

• Procedures

• People

1-15

Examples of Information Systems at Work Worldwide

• Managing accounting information across Asia

• Russians live in Moscow and work in California

• Tracking UPS packages with pen computers

• Mercy Hospital provides patient-focused care

1-16

Examples of Information Systems at Work Worldwide

• Boeing trains its employees electronically

• Integrating finance, manufacturing, and sales - increases customer satisfaction

• Crime fighting information technology

• Maximizing the value of John Deere’s pension fund

• Web-based information systems at Oregon State

1-17

Information Technology Developments and Trends

• General trends

• Networked computing

1-18

General Trends

• Cost-performance ratio

• Graphical and other user-friendly interfaces

• Storage and memory

• Data warehouse

• Multimedia and virtual reality

• Intelligent systems

1-19

General Trends

• Object-oriented environment

• Document management

• Compactness

1-20

Networked Computing

• Client/Server architecture

• Portability

• Integrated home computing

• The Internet and information superhighways

• Intranets and Extranets

1-21

Networked Computing

• Electronic commerce

• Intelligent agents

• The Networked enterprise

1-22

Employment Opportunities

1-23

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