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Chapter 1 Organizations, Environments, & IT. Overview for Today Some Definitions Some Definitions...
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Organizations, Environments, & IT. Overview for Today Some Definitions Some Definitions...
Chapter 1
Organizations, Environments, & IT
Overview for Today
Some Definitions The Changing Business Environment Organizational Responses to Change Information Technology Trends
Some Terminology
Internet, Intranet, Extranet Cloud computing SaaS IS/IT Any other terms that weren’t clear?
Something Many Overlook:
Information Systems are Social Systems IS change the way people & organizations
interact with one another:• Mobile commerce • Social media
What are some impacts of the above changes in personal/professional interactions?
I’ll let you in on a little secret…
Organizations have lots of problems!
In many cases, we can use IS to fix them..
Changing Business Environment
What new opportunities accompany our Digital Economy?
Three main categories of pressures that cause organizations to change:• Economic/Market Pressures• Technology Pressures• Societal/Political/Legal Pressures
May or may not be directly tied to IS
1. Market Pressures
Globalization & Competition (NAFTA, EU)• What special requirements do these create?
Real-Time Operations• Today’s business doesn’t wait for old data
Changes in the workforce• Telecommuters, flexible hours, disabled access
Powerful customers• Know more than ever before (how?)• How do we exercise this power?
2. Technology Pressures
Obsolescence of today’s products• Moore’s Law• Gateway commercial for the G5• Substitute products and services
3. Societal/Political/Legal Pressures
Social Responsibility Government De/Regulations Homeland Security Information Ethics
What are examples of each?
Social Responsibility…
Critical Response Activities
Organizations try to keep pressures in equilibrium
• How often do they achieve this goal?• How long does it last?
When equilibrium cannot be achieved, critical response activities begin
• Here are a few… there are many• Can be used individually or in
combination
Strategic Systems
Goal: provide competitive advantage• How can IS increase comp advantage?
Caveat: Sustaining advantage is difficult! • Why is this advantage difficult to sustain?
What are some examples of strategic systems? (AA, FedEx)
Customer Focus
Providing exceptional cust service• What are potential benefits to org?• What are potential benefits to cust?• How can these benefits be achieved?
Any examples?
Continuous Process Improvement
Small, incremental changes• What are some types of changes?
CPI often has limited effectiveness• What do you do next?
Business Process Reengineering
Radical change in organizational structure & procedures• What are some examples?• Organizational structure fits the business process
Roles that IT plays in BPR• Allows automation• Increased flexibility & reliability• Rapid, paperless transactions• Reduce time to market (FDA approval)
Mass Customization
What products are customized? Why is customization desirable? How is customization achieved?
Business Alliances
Within industries• One goal is cost savings
Across industries• Credit card, airline, & telephone • What do they have to gain?
Electronic Commerce B2B, B2C, C2C ?
Some Trends in Technology
Ongoing technological convergence Shift from mobile to embedded electronics 3D printing will change EVERYTHING!
There are many, many more…
The Big Picture…
IS impact all facets of busn/society Speed of impact is increasing Absolutely critical to understand:
• Functions served by IS• Potential applications of IS• How IS solves problems• How to avoid failed systems
Tremendous employment opportunities!
Important Concepts to Know
Driving business pressures:• Market, technology, society
How organizations are responding to these changing pressures• Critical Response Activities
Trends in Technology
For Next Time…
Prepare Chapter 1 Minicases• I will e-mail them to you
Start working on project ideas:• Groups of 4• Locate potential organizations• First Milestone is due soon…