Post on 19-Nov-2015
description
201
4 - 2
013
/1
435
- 143
4
-
-
-
1434 - 1435 / 2013 - 2014
1
dG HdG c dEG dG dOhCG AdG - SSCG dG e HdG d
IG HdG GQeEG dhH - dGh HdG IQGRd Xfi jRdGh dGh dG M
2014 - 2013 / `g 1435 - 1434 dhCG dG - gG IQGOEG
:dG FQdG bQdG e GVQ e ae .CG
:dCdG gdG IQGOEG dS e MdG Y .CG
dG bQdG e e M Wa .CG
dG bQdG e L HU a .CG
dG bQdG e jhQdG G Y Wa .CG
:dG bdG gdG IQGOEG MCG N Wa .O
:aGGdG bQdG e GVQ e ae .CG
:YdG dGgdG IQGOEG cH M e .CG
:dG GNEGgdG IQGOEG dG VQ
2
3
YVGdG bQ
eG5
G dO GSG c9
hG H jQdG GgCG10
hG d LJ11
YG dG12
hG J dBG12
G hdGh dG GQOEG Q gGh GQG JGSEG14
QHEG fEG Q gGh GQG JGSEG15
dG dG Q gGh GQG JGSEG16
iNCG SGQdG OGG e edG Q gGh GQG JGSEG17
G G SDe e edG Q gGh GQG JGSEG18
hd dGh dG JGSEG19
IdG Yd jQdG JGSEG20
4
YVGdG bQ
dG bH P28
edGh eCG eGY33
GhOCGh FSdG34
eY LJ35
dhCG HG36
hG Ia d jdG HG jN40
(dG hdG - jdGh SdG ) hG e dhCG IMd dG G jN41
dGh dG HdG42
gGh GQd G jN43
(jEH MG bY) hCG SQdG44
(YjEG jJ) dG SQdG56
(YjEG jdG Y dG KCJ) ddG SQdG79
(G fdG YjEG) HGdG SQdG94
edG UdG103
5
eG IQhV Y IcDGh IG HdG GQeEG dhO dG SdG e G QG dG HdG e c S e MGh HdG dG c
jJ f CG dG LdG gh ,gG J IUCG L Yh QdG L e IOaEGh Qeh ,afh L g ```e ```H ```NCG
.GG dG dG d vjQfi G kRJQG G Y cJ Lh gG
id dGh ffEGh ```WdG dG J ```Y H J P IQU AL ```dGh hG f Y FdG ```HdG dG ```e ```jh
a ah ,aGgCGh JdhDe ```h ,GG LGd G dG HdG IO```e Y J CG SSCG eG Qj ```fCG ```c .```G
j ,FdG gQfih ```dG dG Je G Gj CG ```Y jQOb AcCG eh ,IQe ```jQJ FGWh MW eGHh ,```VGh ```jHJ
JG e J dG e fC Y Ujh ,IOG ```jh e jjh ,dG Hjh ,dG IOG N e Xjh ```aG ```Y
kVGh ,JGe e YH ejh G dEG kehO j e X EG Hd dP j dh ,QGh dG fl Y ddG ```H ```j ```dG
g G Ea Hh YLGh ```jObG fGL IY hj IOG N e d ```dG c GPEGh .IG HdG GQeEG dhO ```b ```fM
G j AdG Gg f e QHh ,vcSh vjQeh vaeh vfGLh FHh G e LJ dGh ,G eGdG L d cCG dG
Ad dGh dG e j f Lfh dEG f CG j dG G LCG e G G G Y Jj G Ea dP LCG eh , kbGTG cCG
MJEG fL dEG gh QaCG OJ j ;jNBG e edGh UGdGh JG Y IQdG jd d ,fRGeh ee IQH G T
.Gh SQG dG j L Xh YGHEG e dEG dG j Y cJ dG ITG dGh jdH GG YJ Ua
IOG H ```dG HdG c J ``` Ie hC Gh ,dhdG ```SQGe H jdG dG ```Y G J ```YG ```bh
.edG
.dGh VjdGh dG HdG IOe H edG j dG eSEG d dGh dG GdG ah SGQH G Gg Y c
kah JGSEG ```J CH SGQdG gG ```YUh OGYEGh AH ```UG UdGh HdG O```G e J CG ```dG CGQ ```a G```d
.Y H gOGYEGh FHh gG YU eG jG dG SCGh jd
6
:j c gh ,QYG H gNCjh edG eGdG H G j
:eDG G.Wh AH Qhd Qe dJh JGOYh jH e HjEG e Ad dGh dGh ffEGh WdG dG H G Hj
: qdG G.Ie dSCH ZUh dG GOG e dG e jjh ddG cQGh ,G dG Y G G j
:G G Sj zedG/QHCG/GHEG/cdG/dG/dG/dG/dG{ e dG dG GQe Y cDjh ,G G e G Lj
.dG GQJh IOG UN e
(G LCG e dG) G G G G N e J e dEG jh aG TCG e T CG hCG ,bh geh YGbh FM e G J e QSG Y G cj
.Wh ObG gd G LCG e G
:G iG.dG c G d ,SGQdG OGG bHh dG HdG IOe GQGh gGh QG H G Hj
:G dG.H f J dhDe j CGh dG FGO IG ie dG N e dPh ;d fEG OGYEG gCG G Rj
:dG FSh QSG.Gh bdG aj UGdGh JG GQe J h JGdG dG VH ,jG dG FSh GSG Y G G j
:IGh dG.H HdG ch ,HdG JGH jG dG bY aj c ?j GP G G qj
7
.(jQG d fhdG JGSEG) hdG dG.G Id SSCG AdG IYb jd ,G H edG d hdG dH G j
.(d JG bGdGh Gh SQG dH JG dG jQG) N e H SQG JQG
vHh vjObG Gh ```SQG e jQG fEG N e ```aG jh ,jdG LGeh ,h ```eG f Y G ```G ```Yj
.vdLh
IOG N e f Y d UdG MJEG dEG aVEG ,jd dG fh IdG f J d G j M :dG dG.YG
.h f Y IFdH Oj ;QGdG PJG Y G kQOb ke j c G j M :YLG dG Ie QaCH jQe H d j CG dEG G Gh SQG e jGH Wh AH gj dG ```G G AH dEG f ```fEa G k```NCGh
.ce dJh dG J
K TEG ceh eG G OGY d d dG dGh dG HdG gCH eDj YG YdG e ie dEG f c
.fEG e JG G c jdGh dG IOb cQd
AG Wd jQG IG Qj Gh L jJ jh ,QK G Gg JDj G G Cf
dCdG
8
9
:G dO GSG c gh ddG H AL e ahh dG YhdG SCH d gL FH e a HGeh e ShQO j ddG Gg
:JBG ah IOdG e M f ShQdG
1 ..jdGh SdG e2 ..aNdG dG e3 ..YdG e4 ..dG e
dG jW Y dG Y FdGh dG HdG IOe a dEG f dG dG SQe a J H ShQdG YCG bh
.IdG a dG e IOSd gDjh ,ddG j H ddGh ffEGh WdG
:ddG H AdG Y ddG GdG qJG dG /dG Y j
gdGh GQd dG dG hGL ,edG GgCG ,dCdG a d fCe IAGb ddG ee IAGb :khCG
GAGLEGh dG dGh GOdG ,dG fS Pf ,JGhOCGh YGfCGh dG ,jQd dGh dG JGSEGh
.ddG Lj dG GhOCGh ed aVEG ,YJG LGdG edG
aVEG edGh dGh GOdG Jh ,HSG e dG/dG j M L H ShQdG IAGb : kfK
.dG gJGh dSCGh dGh dGh
.hdG J e Sj H dG OGYEG ,SQdG J d HdG MjEG FSdGh GhOCGh edG OGYEG :kdK
.GAGLEd dG bdH GdG e IH IN SQdG J GAGLEG qJG : kHGQ
Yj e ,a ZdG dG M e dGh SQdG VY GAGLEG d MdG jdG SCG H gG : keN
.d dG Y dd bdG QSG Y
.SQdH OQh e hCG dG GOdG Vj Hh ,SdG bdG a SdG FSdG VY : kSOS
10
.IQGRdH gdG IQGOE LGdG jdG jd Jh ,ITe jdG AGLEGh SQdG e dG J He : kHS
:e SQdG a IOQGdG SdG jQdG dSCG qJG : keK
Vd dG dG SQe Y cCdG e ,fhdG dG ,adG AH ,dG M ,ASG ,bdG ,VdG SCG
.dEG...JdG dGh dG jW
dG dO a adG SQdG J IQSG GSH dPh ,SQdG jf a dGh SQdG AKCG GH dG : kSJ
Sh HjEGh LY FGWh X dG dGh SQdG a j d eh J e jJh IQSG jJ d j
.gcCJ
:hdG H jQdG GgCG
1 ..jNBG e jdGh JjJh dG cGd KdGh eRdG JdG GQdG dG cEG2 ..ddGh WdGh jHdG dG SZ3 ..IOdG e a dLh f fhJh jOa a YCG fEG a dGh dGh edG FN a4 ..IOdG GOe Y FdG adG AH Y SDdG dGh dGh dGh dGh dG N e jQdG J5 ..GHEGh QHG Y dGh YdG Sh OdG T Y dG e MGdG jdG hH dG J6 ..dG e a IOdG j H IdG GQH dG HQ7 ..IOdG e N e OdG QSGh hdG dG GMG aK f8 ..dGh dG d LdG Y J9 ..SQdH dG jQe L VY M e UdG DaJ IYGe
10 ..dG dG SDe hCG SQdG dG ed ;jQdG XJ N e HPL dL H N
11
:hdG d LJ
:hdG SCH jQdG :khCG
JGSEG Y J dG IdG e L a XJh dG HdG IOe e IOaEG J dEG f dG dG SQe
fhdG dG Y J e Yhe fE ;edG FdG dG ah YGHEG jQdH JdGh dG N e dG
IOdG e Y FH a j ,ee dL hCG Xh a e H dPh ,jdG Sh dG T Y aj dG
Hh HGdG dG dG idG ah edG H gJ j dG SCGh dGh VdGh IdG IMh ah
cGj H Whh f ed YGdG dG ,gdG ,dG dG OGYE YGHEG GQdG J H DhdGh FGdGh dSCG
.dG e e
:IOdG d FdG JGSEG ah jQdG SCH jQd dG dG : kfK
jdGh SdG e
QHG dG e
YdG e
cdGh dG e
(hdG) fhJ eJ FH dG dG
dGh
d
G a
dGh
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dG
e
d
G
L
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dG
12
:YdG a dG fEG) e J e Y dG H e Gfhd ;(je GQb) dG e fe Z Ye J Y hdG j
JGQb jh ,HjEG YLG GQe dG j YdG N e da .IMGh IMc IOdG ```d eJ (h```e
IYe a kYa ``` kHSCG U Ye ```a dG jh .(dGh Q```dGh adG) dG je ```aQh ,HjEG ```dG ```Y
Ye IQGOEG e H ,dG Gg J a dGh dG j dh ,Y dGh dG HdG LGe Y dG
YdG IQGOEG c ```Y jQJ dEG dG j ```Yh .HjEG UGdGh dGh ```fG e dY LQO j ```H ```dG
a HjEG SEGh (```UGdGh JG) YdG GQe ```a qJ Jh J GH Qh```dG dEG dG ```jh ,```dG
.dG YdG a YdG cQdGh ,JGdG dG Jh ,Yd cdG dG RfEG
dM OLe g e H WJQGh IdG a gCG cQjh dG HdG IOd dG IObh dG jH eDj ```jdG ```dG EG
j H dG d jOdG dG jh ,dG YdG N e dGh dG SQj jdG g ,fEG ed
jJh J ```Wf GSH j ```H JQGOEGh ,dG ```HdG aZ a dG ```YdG SCG GSG ```Y ```jQOb
.JhdG dG LM J FGKEGh LYh
:hdG J dBG:ddH (fdG Z) fhdG dG ja j
1 ..dG dG SDe hCG SQdG dG ed Xj f dL he QN QhdG2 ..jdGh SdG e N e (hdG Ia) d dG3 ..MdG QOdGh ,IOdG IOdG GOe jJ4 ..(dG JG) dG SCG jJ5 ..edG edGh GhOCG jJ6 ..edGh GhOCH JdG dG dG jJ
13
7 ..e d edG dG ah AGOCG GTDe IYGe8 ..(QGhOCG jRJ a dG cQe j) jdG OGaG c GQb ah QGhOCG jRJ9 ..jdGh SdG H iNCG dG L HQ
10 ..(hdG hCG dG dG) cGJ FH Hh dG Ye IMGh IMc ee H dG GNEG
14
hdG d ddG hdGh dG GQOEG Qd dG gdGh GQdG JGSEG
ddGh dG fGdG
dG gd
dG
d
G
dG
SCGh
U
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dG
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dG
ddGh dG fGdG
ddG dG SQGd
fd ddGh dG fGdG
GQeEH dG
ddGh dG fGdG
RedG Jh cdG
jKCdG
bGdG
jdG
djdG
dG GQe
dG
eCj
j
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dG
f
dG Q
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MCG QGUEG
dG
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fQe
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MCG QGUEG
15
hdG d QHEG dG fEG Qd dG gdGh GQdG JGSEG
dG GQe
j
Xj
dG
dG
U
YdG
dG
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MdG
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dG
dG
dG
AH
SCGjdG
IMdG
QGdG
SdGh dG
jEG
GdG
AdGh dGQdG
dG GQe
eCj
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G kQaCG j
dG
dG
GdG
dG jdG
dG
hj
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QaCG j
QaCG Qj
FSdG Xj
dG
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gdG dGd dG FdG dG
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jdGh SdG
dG
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cdGh dG
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JGh UGdG GQehdG e H HdG
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jh jfdG
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jdG
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16
dG GQedG
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fhdGh dUCG
ddG d JGdG dG dGdGh
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dG GQedG
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edG dG JGdG dG dG
hdG N e d
bj
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RfEG e OGYEG
Oe OGYEGge
jf SGQO OGYEGhd
MCG QGUEG Y AH dL
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17
iNCG SGQdG OGdGh hdG e H edG Qd dG gdGh GQdG JGSEG
dG GQejEG
JdG gd ddG dG
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18
dG SDdGh IOdG H hdG N e edG Qd dG gdGh GQdG JGSEG
dG dG SDeh dG
dG GQedG dG
j
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:SSCG YdG CG j jW Gd ke ``j dG CG H dG idG a dG Y dG ``J g YdG e dG Gg jJ e ``SSCG dG EG
IL ae Y f rCGh YdG e dG Gg J Y f CG jh ,W HQCG hCG KK hCG KG e YdG Jh ,ec SGQO a dEG J
UTCG e WJQH T c j eY kjCG YdG J CG jh ,cdG jOcCG egG AV a dG JCj bh ,dG ADg FH
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jQdG j CGh ,GQdG SQe a Tjh ,d LGjh eR j CG j da dG H d e c eCG UdG j YdG e dG Gg EG
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.JeGSGh aGgCGh J
dGjdGFSdGh GgCGeGSG
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.IOdG .cQdG .LdG bdG .edG jJ .edG J .dG VdG .dG M .GbCG jQJ .jQdG .SQdG
22
:ddG dG Y dG g hf Sh ,IdG Yd Hh FKCGh jQdG b jQGOEGh J Y g
:jQdG b khCG
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.dG dG J
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6. (dG HdG aZ) jQdG e a dG eBGh IadG fdG dG
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dG je T.dG id ee bJ ah ,d Vf je AV a j S Y CGh ,Sj S Mf CH dG f CG j
:dG YLG dG jJ Gg ```Y jh ,a ZdG ``dG g G kjJ cCG ``dG CG QYG Y jQdG AKCG bdGh dG c``dG dG e Of CG j
.(Learn ing Contract) ````dG bdG `````SG
23
:dGh JdG gdGh GOdG T.YdG a dG Y J dGh IjdG dGh JdG gdGh GOdG T
:bGdG djh ,LGdG jdH j fC HdG S a dP ``jh dG ie Md ,dH dG Y ``SQe AKCG JYJh dG ``S bGe
.dG Rjh dG Y Qe
:YdG ,``SCG Y j hCG C``j CG hCG ,H dG GQdG Y cCdGh GAGLEG LGeh gJG ``Vc YdG Y AKCG dG e YdG
.HjEG Z dG H YdG c GPEG bhCG NdG jh
:dG S jJ.H Od kLe dh YdG OGaCG d Le fCG CG ,vYL G kjJ j g jdG CG MdG e
:bGdG Jh dG d cQdG.YdG a dG j d dG bGdG Jh dG Yh ,iNCG YdG e QaCG Od Ye c a dG cQe
jQdG H : kdK ch ``d dG jJ jh YdG Y jJ j gh ,LGdG jdH OGeEGh jdG ``Me J fEG M gCG a jZ MdG ``g ``J
.dG dG a Sh gCG d jeCG
:(Evaluating Group work) YdG dG jJ Y
:FdG jdGh FdG jdG :gh jdG e Yf g hf S
:(Formative Evaluatin) FdG jdG dG Gg Y IdG YdG a dG cDjh ,hdG a IMdG ShQO SGQO AKCG LdGh HdG d jdG e dG Gg j
AV a d Ife IjL GTDe ``Vh dEG a``VEH ,c``Sh JgJGh dG GQd dG dG J Y dGh dG e kc Y``j fC G kf
.eRdG dG fCG jJ Gch ddG GTDdG jJ
24
:(Summative Evaluation) FdG jdG c f ie) KdG gQhe Y hdG a SQO c SGQO jf a IOdG AGOCG GTDe ah dG JGdG H ,jdG e dG Gg jh
.(JGP dG fh ,AbUCG fh ,dG f HjEG gJGh ,YLG GQdGh ,dG GQe e
:IdG Yd fhdG dG a dG Y ddG dG Vjh
25
ah ,d dG dGh ,bGdG UEG dN e j LGQ jH fJh ,fhJh ,jFGOh ,Ie Y jdG CG j HdG dG eh
.FdG jdGh jdG jdG e c Y VGSG j
:(FdG) jdG jdG Y:jOcCG dG jJ
dG a gRfEG iH eYEG N e dG Yj fCG c ,YdG jJ ie Y eH dG jOcCG d jdG jdG j
.FGOCG J dEG ODj dG eCG GQdGh ,dG
:N e j CG j jOcCG dG jJ CG
:(Progress Reports) dG ie jQJ.c YdG OL GQe J Y dGh ,d dG bdGh ,GgCG Y cJh dG Y e RfEG J e jQdG g hJh
?IYdG dEG LdG J eh jCG d VJ jQdG g EG
:(Quezzes ) IdG GQNG dG dG Q``j CG jh ,``SGQO IOe C dG fGL e e fGL ch ,FdGh gdGh GQdG J Y GQNG g cJh
.dG Y Qe a QdG jdG j Ff N eh (Y GQhCG) GQNG e dG Gg e OGYEG a
:SSCG YdG OGaC VdG h``dG MGe KJh ``beh YCG VY GQe dP eh ,Ic YdG a dG H j CG j dG jdG ``jdG GQ``e
e``d dPh ,Kd jdG e Ye ``jJh AH a dG ``e dG hj CG ``j gh ,dG Hc GQ``eh ,FGKEG ``dG GQ``eh
bdGh dG ie Y dGh dG e c j CG j dGh ``YCG VY N eh MdG jJ ddHh ,jdGh LGdG ``a ``dG
.Y dGh dG f Y
:LGdG jdGh dG Me.dG J ie Y ddHh dG J ie Y ee J LGdG jdGh ,dG Me EG
IdG YdG GSG ah dG Y ah Y a d Ic K J fEG H jdG GhOCG e IGOCG fc Y dG Me b bJh
:YdG be dG Me LJ CG j dG SCG eh ,dG dG GMEG a da ieh
?dG bGdG J dG dG fGL J YdG g
?HdG Y a NBG e c IYeh ,deh ANCG Jh ,jdG Y gAYCG J YdG g
26
? kH H jh dP eCG d c N e dj YdG AYCG g
?UdGh dG fCG j YdG AYCG g
:YdG YdG jJ. YdG H hCG ,YdG OGaCG H OdG YdG jJ j
.fhdG GQd HcG ieh ,jNBG e Y J Gch ,dG a eJ ie J Y dG Yj Yd JGdG jdG EG
.YdG OGaCG H YdG H j dG f dH j dG GQdG cGh jOcCG dG EG
,dG hM c Y ee J LQdG C ,LQO ``T Y fc e cCG J ``T Y j CG j Yd JGdG jdG EG
:YdG OGaCG H YdG jJ fC eCG HQCG f Sh ,je J a fEG
:SCGh FGdG. ke dG SQe Y LGJ dG HdG ieh ,M dG RfEG iH kYh cCG Gfj CG Y dG YJ gh
:dG Meh LGdG.AGOCG GTDe e Je ieh YdG YJ H bdG KCJ c Y YJ YdG OGaCG J ie LGe EG
aGO J fEa bdG f ah ,H``dGLGe ``S J fEG ,ah gRhJ J b H``dG CH d d``SQ J dG Meh LGdG EG
.FNCG e d dG
:bdG CG H J CG j dh Ie bdG J CG jh ,FYCG H YdG ie jJ Y dG IdG YdG a bdG YJ
.IYe hO M dG j dG dG Mh dG Y cJ CG Y eh ,e kUa g J
:jdG Me GQdG CG j dG EG ,dG GQe QXEG Y Jh ,YdG dG GQe a Ghj CG Y dG YJ jdG Me GQdG cEG EG
?hj GPdh hj c j fCG c Y J dG HdG a gf Lh ej c Gj
QGJh ,dG Y j H f bdG a djh ``j fEG dG dG a jdG e dG Gg b d ``j jdG jd H``dG VdG e
.YL H LGeh ,KhM Y ANCG
27
:(edG) FdG jdG Y.YdG YdGh AGOCG GTDe ah dG JGf jd kjCG jh hdG a IMh c SGQOh jf a j
:(QdGh adG) dG jJ dGD``S j CG j da ,jdG ``SCG ``Vh a dG e dG ``j CG jh ,dG GQdG a dG AGOCG jJ N ``e ``jh
.dG J dG qj CGh jNBG GQe jJ kjCG jh ,ddG GDdG J CG Ye c dEG jh ,jdG Me
:YdG YdG Sd kFfh kFH JGdG jdG SCG e eCG.dG Y Ye a JYS dG ATCG H U
.dG Y iNCG Ye a YS dG ATCG H U
.Ye AYCG e J kGMGh kHjEG kT U
.Ye a Qc JN N e J IMGh IQe U
:jQdGh adG GQdG Sd kFfh kFH JGdG jdG SCG e eCG.Ye a hNBG e OSGh H b IMGh jW U
?iNCG Yd Ye Y Uh N e J idG e
?iNCG YdG QaCG YS N e J idG e
.hdG a IMd SGQO N e Y J CG J kGDS V
.Ye OGaCG eSG dG dG M GN U
?Yhe J Y YJ QaCG CG YCG cQdG jQe d YS g
.iNCG YdG he a SCd MWh Jge N e J IMGh Ia U
:YdG YdG jJ N e dPh YLG JQeh ,YLGh dG gf ie a Y dG Yj fEG ,dG fCG J Y dG dP Yj
J jdG a c IOe FXh a jdG e YdG ej Ggh ,gOGaCG H YdG GQe J CG hCG ,da id YdG jJ e IOe FSh
.dG J dEG
28
pdG ojejdG oje
1234
1njNBG pH ob
2p hd pdG a njNBG ocQT
3pd pjNBG pa a ogS
4nI nYdG nJCGh nYCG rCG ke oc
5njNBG ne pdG pcE ndhDdG oJ
6nSdG pGQdGh nQdG oIMdG d raVCG
7pQdGh pQdG pUJ a dG QhO
jdG bH Pf
: pdG pje neCG nSdG njdG pV
: lMGbGh lJ
: ojQdG . : obdG
: o dG
29
pdG ojemIH oaGhCG mIH oaGhCG
1Ye ne pdG pJGf pJ nf mGN oOM
2Ye ne pdG pJGf pJ nf keJ oM
3pdG pGQdGh pQaCGh pedH ocQT
4njNBG pAGQBG Y ke mGQGb oJG
5njNBG ne G kL oSG
6pcQdG Y njNBG oT
(Group Evaluation Form) qYL mjJ obH
c jf a bdG d OJ S fCG dG e.dG a Ye Ya ie bd Ye e TG a e
.fQdG AGLE hdG e IMh
: pYdG oAYCG
: ojQdG
: o dG
30
:(Teacher observation Form) dG Me bH. :YdG
. :jQdG
:YdG YJ
:hdG a dG
:YdG AYCG J
:dG c a J
:H UdG hdG j IOe QaCH gJ
:jNBd J
:jNBG YJ
:VhdG QaCG J
:jY dEG a dG j dG fhdG IQdG
:IYe dEG a dG j dG dG
31
?(How we Worked Together) ke Y c.be a Yj CG j YSCG jdG EG , ke Y c YdG a
. keh G ke Y Lh geSG dG fhdG GQdG
:dG dG AKCG H b dG fhdG GQdG
: ke (f) S dG fhdG GQdG
:(What I Learned in this project) hdG Gg a J idG e:L H cG dG dG GQe
:ke MCG CG OhCG dG dG GQe
.iNCG YdG OGaCG a YS dG dG dG
.hNBG a fYS dG dG
.YhdG a Y f H J dG ATCG
.iNCG YdG e e J dG ATCG
32
:(Weekly Progress Report ) dG id YSG jdG.YSCG dG J a YdG jdG Gg Yj
?Qe H YdG OGaCG j FdG fCG e CG a
?eOdG IdG e
?a IYe dEG J IOe e LJ g
:Ye a hdG
:L H ef dG YLG IQdG
:Y dEG f dG YLG IQdG
:jQdG
. :YdG AYCG
33
(1 T)(2 T)
(3 T)
(4 T)
(5 T)
(6 T)
: pedGh peCG oeGY
1 . paSEd mGhOCGh peRdG pjdG ne pdG pHdG paZ a pedGh peCG pWMG pL paJ re sH .(1) ndG pfG ,gJ a odG nQj rCG ojh , pdhCG
2 .. pSdG nL oSJh , me pZh mUN mM pJ a odG nQj rCG oj nHe pjd3 . nf nVJ M , pIOdG Zh , pHdG pShDhdG pGP p``dG oQNG oj p``dG pQNG nY
.(2) ndG pfG , pd kUN nceCG d nJ rCG ojh ,d CdG pGSH pWd nAeR hCG
4 . pHdG paZ a meBG nceCG a oVJ c , pdG pGTEG nJ a oJh keBG J rCG oj oQdG.(3) ndG pfG , pdG
5 ..(4) ndG pfG , oN iNCG pdG pVh pY ne pWdG pGSG nY pQdGh pbdG oIYGe6 . pad , pIQOdG ne pddG pWdG pGRdG oG``SG oj pfdG pdGh pUdG pG``SG nY
.(5) ndG pfG , pSdH pHUEG ne oJ sfC , pdG Y
7 . a uTdG pIQhV ne , nU Y pad pdRdG pdG pAGJQG re sH pjdG pTTQ pGSG nY.(6) ndG pfG , mMe nceCG
34
:GhOCGh FSdG.dG cQH hdG d eRdG GhOCGh FSdG OGYEG Y dG Uj
Se Ta/jcCG G```dCG/TGdG G```dCG/c Md (1) O```Y/fc Qh/fe ```bCG/SdG GhOCG/```UUQ ```bCG ad FGH hCG (je) (dH)/b IU Wa/Ae LLR/SH c/FGH hCG GdCG Vd dH/SdG e
.HdG af Y
S hP Qh/FGL Qh - f Qh - dH Te/e - Rb - SEG b - Qh Se/(b) Tb/J bCG.aL bEG/T
(hQ)/SEG ```d U jT/OdG SEG/SEG ```UdG TdG G```fCG e f) e MCH ```Yd ```be.(S) jd (cCG)/FGH hCG SEG hCG SH Qh/b/TT/YW GdCG/YW
.YGfCG H adG d eRdG GhOCGh edG :khCG .(QdG e L) bQdG edG : kfK .dEG... dG GfCG L (YdGh dG edG GP bCG e L) dG edG :kdK .dEG... YGfCG H fdG bdG SCG/bdGh dG OdG e/fdG FbdG) fdG edG : kHGQ .YGfCG H NCG e) NCH d eRdG GhOCGh edG .dG jd Rb/SH Te/ed Se U/e
35
:eY LJ .ddG a AL e Y AH Jeh JLMG L H J CG SGQdG dG AdG b j Ie N ddG Y ```Me hjh ,d mQU hCG fEGh ```YCH j dW d va ``` ve dG cQH ```dG ```j
eh GQH gG a J b dG MdH dG HdG e jhH G kgL j iNCG SQe dEG dfG ```Yh ,```SGQO
.ddG
.dG aK AGKE dG HdG be IQjR Y dG dG j .IOdG e a XJ c dG j CG Hh ,LddG Y a a dG HdG H jdG dG XJ eh dG J a gH I```jdG FSdGh e dG HdGh ,AdG dG hj ```c FHCG J Y ```cCdG IQh```V
HdGh SGh dG M Y ddG IQe a Jh ,GQdG g J dG fCG e dG Y jdG HdG
.fdG T jJ a fDhHCG Yd dP Zh dGh
dG dG AH g e dGh ,dG Sd YGfCG Hh GQdG d Le dG Ggh dG J a ```e ```Lj .dG dG dG AH a gJ b GgCG d ;ddGh ffEGh WdG adG e adG QdG j
36
? n pJM udG ne oJ nc
.( nSdG/ ndG/ nfdG/ oAdG)YdG oj nc nf ndCS rg
? n pJM a udG ne oJ nc
: p hG ojGH1 .. pdG pjGH a pIOQGdG dG Y oJ nYe pOGaCG nH kbJG hCG G kY qYnCG2 .. pHdG n pSGQO nah p hdG pd pdGh pHjEG pbf
( ocdGh odG , oYdG , oQHG odG , pjdGh pSdG oe)
: pOGYEG oMe3 .. p hdG pe pjJ pjW Y pIMdG p he pQNG a nYe bf
.(dEG.......... , ofdG , qdG ocdG , odG)
. pjdGh pSdG pe a p VdG pjd ugdG pdG nSCG rSG
IMdG he
:dhCG HG
37
: peG o nL4 . a , pCGdG p ```SH , p hd pQ```dG pdG Y pedG n``` p nYe ne r```Sh r```LG
.dEG... pGQcEG , pGdCG , peSdG n pe nj GPe , oo nMe , odG p ne , oj
: odG5 .. pdG ed pHLEG pQGnJ hCG pgCG nM r qnf oK , pfdG n pYe ne rM
: oVdG6 . pj qdH hCG pdG hCG pSdG pjW Y qepEG CGdG p SG pfH n p nYe ne r```VYG
.d pSdG
38
: pdGh pdG oMe7 . . pMdGh pd m```Se m qjQGL pOGYE pSdG p ```VdG pQe a np nYe r```bf
.(iNCG pdG pd lQe ojQGdG)
rCG Y pjQGdG ne m Ve pSH e wc oj oH pjQGd ke np nYe ne sYCG
:ddG pIYGe ne H ne oYVdG oeJ
. pSCG oIMh . pdG oIMh . p VdG oIMh . pIdG oIMh
: pdG oMe8 . pedG oIYGe pdH pIOdG pdGh pdG pGOdG nah pjQGd pjdG pSH rCGHG
.dEG ........ oHdG odG , odG , pVjdG oIOe :e ,iNCG uOGdG ne
, ojdGh o``SdG) p``dG pIO``dG p``e n``M mI``Mh u``d o``dG ``YG oj :Me
.( ocdGh odG, oYdG, tQHG odG
: pdGh pqdG oMe9 .. nNBG me dEG n nJ rCG nb me ud pIOdG pAGOCG pGTDe nah n nYe rbf
39
:( pYEGh pdG o) pVdGh pYEG oMe10 .. pVd pIYdG pbH ojdG tj
p hdG pY mIa pAYE (GQThH) jQGL fYEGh je ojdG tj
. pdG
. pVd pjYd (FYO fYEG/e) ojdG tj
:( pREG qoe) pKdG oMe11 . vjhj pHdH pHdG pdG pGN pL nKJ nYe ne rh```M
. pRfEG ue pOGYEG a pSdG pfhdEG pdH hCG
40
:JBG beh ,SEG hOh UdG jH hdG J Ia VY
ddG ah dG e dG fEG Qd dG dG
jdGh SdG e
QHEG dG e
YdG e
cdGh dG e
N
e d
dG
d
Gh
d
G a
dGh
h
dG
e
d
G
L
fhJ eJ FH dG dG
N e e d
bdG
dG jRJ
dG GN J
dG
jdG
hdG a fhdG dG Me
hCG SQdG dG LM SGQO
NBG e
hdG be jJ
feEGh jOdG LMG SGQO
GQdGh dG jJ
VdG
dG GQe
j
j
j
j
bj
FGH j
j
j
j
j
hdG Ia JFdG dG
jdG
Qj
kjCGQ ij
YEGh jYdG
dGh OdG YdG
dG GQe
j
j
j
j
bj
FGH j
j
j
j
j
Qj
kjCGQ ij
41
odGoGOdGoYVdG
tdG oGQOEGtdG oh qdG l qWh
l qdL
l qffEGojdGh oSdG
lIe l qjQNG pdG ne
odG oGdG odG odG
o qdGo qddG jdG
oMdGojdGoIOdGo jEG
obY .1
p jEH pMdG
l qYjEG ljJ .2
p qYjEG pjdG a pqdG oKCJ 3-
o qdG o qfqdG oYjEG .4
o qedG oedG
p hdG ne dhCG pIMd tdG o qdG
QHG fEG
hdG be dhCG HdG
pMpM
pM
pM
pM 3
odG oQhdGoShQdG
:JBG ah jdGh SdG IMh a idG Vd dG a jdG dG Xh
42
.dGh dG HdG
:dG Gg V dh UdG jH edG J
pSG dEG pdG ph```Jh peCdG ne G kAH pjdG pH tJ ```fEG id pdG oeh ,g pOHCG uH pIdG p```Y lJ n``` og s```dG sCG
phdH nJdG ndG oYJh pSMCGh pdG pbH ```J odG oHda Gd ; pYGHEG pGQdG YC kUh pjdGh p```dG ```K
pN e oeJh ndG oJ pIdG pGQH lJe lJh lY lIOe na , pNBG ne pjdGh pdG sM oUDJh ndG onJh , udG
. nT e oJh , pIOH oJJ dG ndG naJ e qnH Gdh . pYdG pIOdG pe a udG pdG pSQe
WdG
Gh ISCG
cdGh NCG
edG
. pQgORGh pWdG paQ dEG jh , nfGdG oj pWd xah mWGe oOGYEGCG .QgORGh WdG aQ dEG jh , nfGdG oj Wd xah WGe oOGYEG
.dG pOGaG pH nJ pJdhDd mQe pJS oC mjc mIM paJ dEG j mWGe oOGYEG
p p p p m
.dG OGaG H nJ JdhDd Qe JS oC jc IM aJ dEG j WGe oOGYEG
.JGP pd jh pcdGh pIdG pdG pNCH j mWGe oOGYEGNCG
p p p m p m m p m
.JGP pd jh pcdGh pIdG pdG pNCH j mWGe oOGYEG
.ddGh ffEGh WdG dG Y Fb ShQdG L CG VJ
43
SdG IMh a dG dG AH SCGh UYh dG GQe Vd ;gdGh GQdG d jdG dH VdG SCG XJ.jdGh
:JBG hJ S IMdG g :VJ odGh oddG gGj c n```dM re pATCGh pdG jDhQ Y nYJ ```dG pdG pGOdGh pSSCG nH pIMdG p```g a n```d o```f
pGQOEG Y nYJ dG pjQdGh pdG fCG pH paJ ne , pdGh pdGh pGQOEGh peCdG Y pIMdG pg n```YJh , o```eCdGh
.edG pFdG pIMdG pShQO pN e pdG pdG pYCG a peGSGh pSSCG g
tgdG odG
oj
oeCj
ocj
oj
oj
obj
ojoj
oj
oj
oj
oHjodG
tdG
oMdG
odG
odG
odG
GdG oIMdG
oGJG
oSdG
oIOdG
ojdG
o jEG
oAdGh tdG
lT lIMh
aNR
hCG jQGL tdG odG
Ie J eGQfH
udG pdG pAH oUY udG pdG pAH oSCG pdG oGQe
44
offEGh o qdG odG
odGodG odG odG oYCGofEG
oM pG
edG odG oUGdG odG oAdG
. pdG pdGh pdG a nMdG pSG
o o oo o
oOdGh oQdG oGdG n pg
pAH oIMh ngh . pdG nH
. udG pdG
.(jCH MG bY) : qhCG AG/hCG SQ qdG/jdGh SdG .dG Gg e aGj H dh (SJ dG jdG GSG)
.J Sc vfhdEG ddG MdG VY .ddG jdG ah ffEGh ddG dGh dG GOdG H HdG N e JM a dG e fEG j c VJ e dOh dG dGh dGh dG ```YCH HQh (MdG) dG IOdG N e dG SG dEG ```dG ```LJ
.ffEG dG N
45
. p jEH pMdG ob nY. udG pGQOEGh uQHG pfEG GQe
. udG p jEG pN e mdL nje pJ a g pQhOh pMdG nH pbdG pcG e oj . pdG pdH pMdG a p jEG Y oaj e oj . udG pH pdG pdG pG nM ndG pjRJ pN e n jEG oj
:pAGOCG oGTDe
p jEH pSMEG pGMEG a pMdG n```Xh oQj
. pdG pYCG h pdG a
: pdG oJGf
.dG dGh dG a MdG c dG Loj ie d beh ```VdG TT hCG IQ```dG Y AGOCG GTDeh ```dG JGf H HdG ```g SQ qdG Gg jQJ ```e ```dG ```be
..SQ qdG e d ah dG SG
46
pdG pAH pSCG
udG
pAH pUY
u p ndG pdGoGdG
odG
tdG
lT lIMh
le lN
oMdG
oM pG
(1) pN e oJ
odG oIOdG
(2) pN e oJ
:j e ah dG GOdG AH d dGh dG e vfhdEG gdG jdG be
47
:ooMG hCG SdG SdG ```VH fSG e (?```dG dG IMdG hCG MdG ```Y aJ dG e) e ,QG```dG ```SCG G```SG
.HdG
xN tiCa uJGdG pgJ mde mJG a udG pcd lH sfnCH ooJh udG pdG pUY re mY ndK odG odG oIMdG tJ
nT pMd tLQdG tdG ojh , lY d ndh lVYh lW d oMdGh , kMe o qj pjGdG pf dEG ppIOdH o pjh o nMQ oCGj
. pTCG
p VCG RGeh pdGh pIFGdGh p```dGh pdGh pHdG pe meh mjhe mOHCG pGP mSg mTC k```dhCG oMdG oJ ```bh
pZ mT ta ,g ojJ h ,g oM oj lTCG gh ,( oIdG oTCG) xUN mHW pGP mTC oJ bh .dEG... uSGdGh pdGh
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: oKG oGJG oQe jh pQdG fL re xc Y oUdG pa oJh pGJG p GfCG oHCG n og
c . pQdG fL Y pUdG ojRJ tjh vj ob hCG vSCGQ pfe a pR```JQG
. ojhdG oUdG g pMdGh oQdG g dG odG pTGdG a oLj
72
dG SG) HdG MdG d fhdEG dG ce GSH FGKEG fCG N e dG SCG GSG.(dG d j dG SQdGh dG SGh dG
: pKG oZ oGJG
ojRJh p sdG p```MdG pUY oG```JG n og
n```e u```dGh u```SCGdG pQ```dG n```M
.dGh pdG a paNG
p```Z pG```JG n```H rHQG/ r``SG. p jEG pJh pKdG
: tYTEG oGJG
g oJ m``` sjce mf nM nGQh```dG pj
. nRGdG oJh pRJQG nQe
kFGO kcM njdG j tYTEG oGJG
mIa n```WCG pbf n```NGO p```dH o```jh
.e phdG nhO me
uYTEG pG```JG n```H rHQG/ r``SG. p jEG pJh
: tgdG oGJG
pSMEG p```H pRGdG a n```dG j
pjdG a uFdG pdG nNGO pIGhdH
. mce hCG mQe Y oj h
a ugdG pGJG a oJ ojcdG odG
n ncCG oJh , pdG ```Y pIQGdG pce
.iNCG pUdG pFS e kM
uYTEG pG```JG nH rHQG/ r``SG. p jEG pJh
. p jEG pJh ugdG pGJG nH
18 dG19 dG20 dG
73
.GJG GfC dGh eCdG GQe d MdG SCG XJh ddG YCd fhdEG VhdG SCG GSG .Lh EG jQdG dG jJ K ?MdG jJ a jEG J c S (10) H dG SCG XJ
oeSEG oHdGoVjdGo qHdG oqdGojfEG odG
8 7
(bdG IQS)
.Ge c a c hJ a oGJG nOJ J o nRG n n nj , n nRG n nJ
. pdGbalance
.iNoCG qpOGG ne oeqdGh oRGdG/ oGJG :ddG ah iNCG OGdH GJG e M adG Ad gdG dG SCG XJ
HH pQdG ojM 21 dG
oN oHpQKBGh pMd tXdG odG
pjdG oIjL24 dG
22 dG23 dG
74
udG pdG pAH oSCGp jEG pd oSdG oFGdG
1oSdGh odGndGh ndG/ ndGh ndG oj H padGh pGMdG ojRJ
2( ojQdG odG) oIOdGD oadG oj H padGh pGMdG ojRJ
3oGJGpdG nf oVj H padGh pGMdG ojRJ
.IQdG Y SdH jd Ye cQH dGh GQOEG ie Sbh d HdG SCG GSG
,dG dG a jEG GMEH dG dG GMdG jRJ bY Vj H jJ H (12) H jdG ```SCG G```SG:ddG ah SdG bCG kee dG dG AH SCG XJ IYGe e
.Ke dG GJG Y cCdG e jEG j jJ .KdG GJG Y cCdG
, udG pdH pjdG a p jEG p```d maSG oKK njd nUCG nBG) Se i```NCH hCG IQdG H jdG ```dSCG ```XJ d SdG FGdG e Hj eh dG dG SCG H UdG jW Y ddG H (11) H dG SCG XJ
:ddG hdH jEG
75
jQe
.Y e
dG Aj SCG e SGQO S e ah dGh dG GQe XJ e YhdG e Pd fhdEG VhdG SCG XJ.dG
76
e he
.IdG
e he
.G SCGQ
77
jRJ N e dG ```dG AH Y IQdG ```jd UCG BG) Se i```NCH hCG IQdG H dGh ```jdG ```dSCG G```SG.jdG a dG jEG j H ;dG dG AH SCG Y G ke dG dG GMdG
:JBG Y cCdG e (7) H dG SCG XJ:dhoCG oMG
nSdG pGhOCG kee , pjdGh padG n pJcGP Y G ke nJGQb nah dG dG a jEG j ce ```jJ AH ```dhe
. pSQdH nJ dG udG pdG pAH pSCG nah
:fdG oMG GhCGHGh ,XdG JdG LMG ah IMGdG YdG a NBG e c j CG Y e fhJ he fE Ye bf
.HdG ShQdG a VJ J e ah (Md c JGP Y dG e eJ jJ Y) dG Me
78
oJmIYd oMnCG
pN re pjdG a pFdG pbdG njJ
. udG H pIOdG pe
a pSdGh pdGh pIOdG pe nH nHdG
. pdGh pdG ah udG Y a pjdG
nH pHdG pjW rY pjdG a pGJG oJ
p jEG pd pSdGh pdGh pIOdG pe
. udG Y a
udG a pIOdG pe nH nHdG
. pHdG pdGh pjQdGh aGdGh
pd pdGh pVjdG pIOe re nIOaEG
pdGh pIOdG pe pN e p jEG
. pjdH p sdG pGMdG pjRH pSdGh
.IdG a dG e IOaEG
psdG Y nYj tJG qdG odG
.FGQBG a NdG hO d JGdG dG AGLEG c VJ a dG cQe
79
offEGh o qdG odG
odGodG odG odG oYCGofEG
o jEG odG odG oIHdG oRfEG ojQGSG odG ojdG o GHEG
. pdG pdGh pdG a dG SG
o o oo o
n```H o```j ```dG oQG```dG ```g
o```j ``` pH p```SoCGh p```UdG
. udG pdG a ncdG
.(YjEG jdG Y dG KCJ) : qhCG AG/ddG SQ qdG .J Sc vfhdEG ddG MdG VY .ddG jdG ah ffEGh ddG dGh dG GOdG H HdG N e JM a dG e fEG j c VJ .jedG dOh dG dGh dGh dG YCH HQh (jEG) dG IOdG N e dG SG dEG dG LJ
80
. pYjEG pjdG a pqdG oKCJ
. udG pGQOEGh uQHG pfEG GQe
. p sdG pjdG a pJdG p sfdG pYjEG p GfCG nH oj . p sfdG pcdG a pjdGh paGdG nH ufqdG pGJG pN re n jEG oj . pdG pdGh pdG pYCG a ufqdG pjdGh paGdG pN re p jEG Y odj
:pAGOCG oGTDe
p jEH pSMEG pJ ```a nddG ndG oQj
. ufqdG pGJG pN re
: pdG oJGf
dG SG ie d VdG TT hCG IQdG Y AGOCG GTDeh dG JGf H HdGh SQ qdG jQJ e dG be.J dSh SQdG e d ah d
81
o jEG
(1) pN e oJ
pdG pAH pSCG
udG
pAH pUY
udG pdG
pqdG oGP l qnfd l qnT lIMh
mdK mHtfqdG ojdG
odG oIOdG
(2) pN e oJ
GJG
tfqdG oaGdG
GJJGGG
ahh FSdH fSG e dG GOdG AH d bdGh dGh dG e gdG jd fhdEG VdG SCG XJ:j e
82
AH Y JQbh ```HdG dG GN ```d gdG dG SCG ```XJ.SdG FSdG VY e fdG GJG M QdG
:ddG ah fdG GJG e VJ: xY mH oGJG
. p sfdG pdGh pSCGh pUdG pjRJ rY oJdG ofG sfCH oUh of
: qdG oGJG nATCG p pJge n```Y pfEG pf a oj wM lQT ```g H , lIOe lIYb d n```d
. pdM re nfdG
: uqdG pGJG o GfCG. pATCG a pIOLdG pGdCG pKJ re oJdG oRGdG gh : oKdG oRGdG
. odG oM re lNG pa oj dG oRGdG g : pKdG oZ oRGdG
nY n oSMCGh noY rMGSGh o sfdG oJjJ nHL rb fCG dEG l```LGQ ndP sEa ,d mJQH oJh , ma mMd uCG dG o```J ```eY
.dhCG pgd dEG pdG
.eCd dG LJh vfhdEG (1) dH MdG VY .MdG e fdG GJG e S bdG H dG a e .dG dG a fdG GJG J c dG j
.SdG edGh GhOCG GSH fdG GJG J c Vd dG dG SCG GSG
.YdG N e jdG SCG XJ
:ddG ah fdG GJG J Y IQdGh AGOCG ie VJ IOe LQN MH (2) H dG SCG GSG .KdG RGdG J GdCG GSG .Ke dG RGdG J GdCG
1 dG
83
offEGh o qdG odG
odGodG odG odG oYCGofEG
oaGdG
oQdG oedG oWdG ohdG pNBG oa ojdG
. pdG pdGh pdG a naGdG d dG SG
o o oo o
pdG pA```H ```a o```fG ```g
pUdG pjRJ p```N e udG
. pSoCGh
:dG AG/ddG SQ qdG .J Sc vfhdEG ddG MdG VY .ddG jdG ah ffEGh ddG dGh dG GOdG H HdG N e JM a dG e fEG j c VJ .jedG dOh dG dGh dGh dG YCH HQh (aGdG) dG IOdG N e dG SG dEG dG LJ
84
.fdG GJG e M adG Ad bdGh dG e SdG FSdG Vd fhdEG VdG XJ. udG
pdG tdG oGJG
: qodG oGJG
nQNGh njDhQ Y pKCJ a kFQh veg G kQhO oj dGh ke gc hCG ufdG pjdG hCG paGdG pjW rY sfdG nGJG nf rnCG oj
p jEH pSMEG p```Y a ndG nKCG pjdGh ufdG p```aGd sCG c. pdM re pdGh p```dG ah udG pdG a p```fdG p```cd
. udG pdG a pcdG pGQOEH pbYh
hP lY nRGj rnCG o```j oM . udG pdG a pdG pG```MdG nH pfGh pMGdH pSMEG a s```gCG nQhdG pGdCG o```jRJ o```j
re mdh mIc mMe P m```Y ne pUCG hCG udJdG hCG p```MCc paGdG pGdCG pYe r```e mdh mI```U m```Me
. udG hCG pNCG hCG pQRCc pIOQdG pGdCG pYe
f ah ```dG id SGh ```dG GQ```e XJ.(1)
.(2) pdG a nGJG nM dG e , nf pLh re rqM
pIOQdG pG```dCG njRJ o```J n```c n``` nYe rbf/ r``SG. udG pdH ufdG pGJG pd paGdGh
GQe XJh (4 ,3) TCd fhdEG VdG SCG GSG Ad ddG TCGh (2) f ah dG id fQdGh dG
.fdG aGdG e M adG
r r q
2 dG
3 dG4 dG
85
: tfdG oaGdG
. pH ne pGdCG pcJ a ofG ng
. paGdG Y me oN pdG pGdC sdG nJdG sEGh . pGdCG pjf pSGQO a nd pd rTdGh oddG g pdG nGdCG sEG
a pSCG qgCG r pe gh . paGdG p GfCG oMCG Ggh le lY ah , pHQe fCG fLd pGdCG pIFGO e jQhe pfd fNG a
. pGdCG pbY pJ
. pGdCG nH pIOLdG pQdGh pIgdG N pGSG pY oCj pGdCd mae mOJG nOLh j ndP sEa , kaGe oGdCG pfc GPEa
. paGdG r pe nNBG kYf oj sfdG n nQdG sCG c
:iNCG uOGG ne oedGh oaGdG :ddG hdH fSG e iNCG OGdH aGdG e M adG Ad gdG dG SCG XJ
oHdG odGoVjdGodGojfEG odG
GHQJ : peCG a odG naGJ
.G o ng n nJ ,G o n sJG
pHdG oU, pjOdG oaGJ
. pKdGh. qdG Fa aGJHarmonic
.QdG jW Y iNCGh ,QhdG jW Y aGe fd Yd bH QNG jW Y dG SCG XJ:ddG ah (3) f N e LQN Me a jdH dG cQHh dG dG SCG XJ
.fdG QhdG jW Y aGdG J fd Me jJ .fdG QdG jW Y aGdG J fd Me jJ
86
offEGh o qdG odG
odGodG odG odG oYCGofEG
ojdG
oedG odG oVdG pNCG oGMG
. pdG pdGh pdG a njdG d dG SG
o o oo o
oG```SGh o`````````NG ``````g
. mQhe mH pbdG
:ddG AG/ddG SQ qdG .J Sc vfhdEG ddG MdG VY .ddG jdG ah ffEGh ddG dGh dG GOdG H HdG N e JM a dG e fEG j c VJ .jedG dOh dG dGh dGh dG YCH HQh (jdG) dG IOdG N e dG SG dEG dG LJ
87
a jdG e M adG Ad bdGh dG e (6 ,5) dH (1) H FSdG Vd fhdEG ```VdG ```XJ:ddG ahh dGh dG dG
.(6 ,5) dG a njdG nGdCG rQb/ rqM
:( pGdCG tOJ) tdG ojdG pdM re p```fG oYS rOGR ```a , mQh```e mH pbdG oG```SG ```g
rCG SG d ojdG dh pjdG pdM dEG obCG ndP nc pOSCG pdM dEG pHCG
nJ j ojda , pG```dCGh pLQdGh pdGh pTCG nH nhdG ``` vjH nQf
. nS e nH nVGdG nhdG6 dG
5 dG
a ```g nOLh n```f rCG o```j p```e n```jdGh n```aGdG sEG
pjdG , pQ```dGh pqdG n```e pgdG pH p```N re p```dG
. pdGh pdG , pdGh
88
oHdG odGoVjdGoeSEG oHdGojfEG odG
. lbJ , lNG , lOJ pOY Y ndG pjOdG p nb oY
. mMGh
/ . - , +}(2:dG) |32 1 0
Variance
:iNCG uOGG ne oedGh ojdG :ddG hdH fSG e iNCG OGdH aGdG e M adG Ad gdG dG SCG XJ
:ddG ahh fdG IFGdG a Sj e Y cJh fe bH QNG jW Y dGh HdG SCG XJ
.GdCG IFGH HdG jW Y jdG J .QdGh dG jW Y jdG Vd dG dG SCG XJ
:ddG ah (2) f N e LQN Me a jdH dG cQHh dG dG SCG XJ .HdG GdCG jW Y fdG jdG J fd Me jJ .QdGh dG jW Y fdG jdG J fd Me jJ
89
aGdG S dG GQ```e XJh bdGh MdG SCG GSGh ```dG FSdG VH fhdEG VdG ```XJ:ddG ah (3) H fdG jdGh
: udG pdG tdG ojdGh oaGdG
oj pQhH dGh udG pdG a pGJH pSMEG pY a sgCG nKCG sfdG ojdGh oaGdG oj
. pgdG pY e pqdG Gg p ob hCG p oH iH pSMEH obYh. ogJ pgdG pd nHPdG
.(7) pdG a oGdCG pM GPe
tfdG oaGdG tfdG ojdG
?(7) pdG a pje pfd rcPG
.NCG h MG :e
(8) pdG a oGdCG pM GPe nf pLh re
tfdG ojdG tfdG oaGdG
.(8) pdG a paGe pfd rcPG
.dJdG h MG :e
: pdG pHLEG nJ vN rV
?(8 ,7) pdG pN e rJ dG oSCG ng e
oGJG oaGdG ojdG
?(8 ,7) pdG a tfdG oGJG nJ nc
.jdG N e fdG GJG J (8) dG a ,aGdG N e fdG GJG J (7) dG a
JGQeEG e If dG fd Md
QhS Y JGQeEG d Md
7 dG
8 dG
90
oIOdGpdGdG pGdCG obQCG
tfdG oQdG(4 ,3 ,2) :e
tfdG oaGdG(12 ,11) :e
oQdGh tdG(8 ,7) :e
tfdG ojdG(17 ,15) :e9 dG
fdG jEG S dG GQe XJh bdGh MdG SCG GSGh GdCG IFGO VH fhdEG VdG XJ.(4) H ddG ah HdG e GdCG IFGH
: tdG o jEG:ddG GOdG N e J fh , me mH pGdCG oQGJ g
.fdG jdG ,QdGh dG ,fdG aGdG ,fdG QdG J c Vd ;dG dG SCG XJ .dH IOdG MdH d K ,(5) f ah LQN MH dH jdG SCG XJ
91
J c S dG ,```eCdG GQe XJh ,MdG ```SCG GSGh ddG dG YCd ```fhdEG VdG ```XJ:ddG ah (6) H fdG cdG N e jEG
tfdG ojdG a nJ lMd
nH nVGdG nhdG nJ j
. pGdCG
.(12 bQ Md) :e
oQdGh t```dG a nJ o```Md
tdGh wHjG lY oIAVEG
ojh d tdG oHdG g
. pAdG pQe e kfd
.(13 bQ Md) :e
tfqdG oQdG a n``` qJ lMd
p```aGdG n```e l ```f n``` og oQ```dG
o```dG ```H oO```dGh , u```fdG
. oedGh oJdG oJLQOh
.(11 bQ Md) :e
o```aGdG ```a n```J l```Md
oIQhdG oG```dCG n ogh tfdG
nH sC pG```dCG pI```FGO r```e
oIgdG) kce G k```Y
.( pGdCG nH oQdGh
.(10 bQ Md) :e
10 dG11 dG12 dG13 dG
:ddG ah LQN Me a jdH dG dG SCG XJ
.GdCG IFGH HdG GdCG jW Y jEG J GdCG HQCG QNG .QdGh dG jW Y jEG J GdCG KK QNG .fdG QdG jW Y jEG j d QNG .jEG d aGe GdCG HQCG QNG
92
oJmIYd oMnCG
pjdG a pfdG pYjEG p GfCG nH ndG
. pdG
pjdGh paGdG pN re p jEG Y nSG
. pdG pdGh pdG pYCG a sfdG
nH ufdG pGJG pN re p jEG nJ
. pfdG pcdG a pjdGh paGdG
a paGdGh pjdGh p jEG pe nH nHdG
. pHdG pdGh pVjdGh udG
.IdG a dG e IOaEG
psdG Y nYj tJG qdG odG
.FGQBG a NdG hO d JGdG dG AGLEG c VJ a dG cQe
93
. odG ofdG oYjEG
. udG pGQOEGh uQHG pfEG GQe
padG pSCG ```Y pdG a n sXh qdG p```dG pdG pGME pedGh pGhOCG n```gCG o```j. pdG pdGh pdG pdYCG a pddGh pdGh
. pdG pYjEG pGME pfqdG pdG pGSG nM ndG nfdG ndSCG oj . udG pY a pdG pdG p H n jEG oj
:pAGOCG oGTDe
a pdG pee p H p jEG pGME pfdG pdG nQhO oQ```j
. udG pGQOEG a g nKCGh , pdG pGMdG
: pdG oJGf
dG SG ie d VdG TT hCG IQdG Y AGOCG GTDeh dG JGf H HdGh SQ qdG jQJ e dG be.J dSh SQdG e d ah
94
pdG pAH pSCG
udG
pAH pUY
q pdG pdG
dG
odGtdGoqdG oMdGojdGoQdGh tdG ttt
o jEG
(1) pN e oJ
odG oIOdG
(2) pN e oJ
dG
.(G fdG YjEG) :HGdG SQ qdG ahh FSdH fSG e dG GOdG AH d bdGh dGh dG e gdG jd fhdEG VdG SCG XJ
:j e
95
:ddG S dG GQe XJh MdG SCG GSG
? pdG oU rJ nc ? pdG pdG peH o jEG nJ nc ? pd pdG pdG pJ Y rYS dG odG oTCG oJ GPe
.
iNCG OGdH dG e ```M adG Ad gdG dG SCG ```XJ:ddG hdH fSG e
:iNoCG uOGG ne oedGh oG
.dG e M adG Ad gdG dG SCG GSGh ,ddG Md fhdEG VdG SCG XJ :ddG ah dG U S dG GQe XJ
.G: ojdG
. nIOdG pS uUGN dEG odG ojh , nH hCG nH o nSMEG oJ e tc n og odG
udG pdG pAH pUd m```Se oZh lSeh le lQGJ ng dG u```dG pHh G```dCG
g pQGJh g pQhd kf mIM hCG me mae pg Y pfqdG pdG pN re pYdG
. pfdG pedGh pIGOCG pGSG pMh pdGh pdH
: pdG oU.dEG.. odG/ oFdG/ oAdG/ odG/ odG/ oYdG/ odG
oHdG odGodGojfEG odG
o n r ng/ lcJ/lH
. pdG
pATCG pS oU
. pdGh pdGtexture
1 dG
96
edG e M adG Ad dG GQeh bdG SCG GSGh ,(2) dH Md fhdEG VdG SCG XJ:ddG ah dG dH jEG J a gQhOh
: udG pdH p jEG p goQhOh oeG
pdG pQGc pKdG udG pdG pUY e mY uCG pGSH pdG pIMdG Y pqndG pjJh pQGJ nf pdH o jEG oj
nJ rCG oj c . ke hCG keJ k```Ke hCG kjhe ofCG pg nJ rnCG pdG neh .e mf a p```dG hCG p```MdG hCG p```dG hCG
pdH n jEG oJ g pQhH dGh pd pdG pdG pQX Y oYj oqc Ggh . pedG pIGOCG oKG a ojh kIYe hCG kHQe
. udG
?(2) dH pdG pYCH n jEG nM dG e pf pLh e
dG UY e ```Y CG GSH TCG ```a dG Jh QGJ f ```jEG ```J
.(dG ,MdG ,dG ,dG) dG
.(3) dH pMdG a o jEG nJ nc nYe ne rbf
.dG ee a jdG
2 dG
e gGHG JGQeEG d Md 3 dG
97
dG GQe XJh bdG ```SCG GSGh ,(3) H (5 ,4) dH dG ```YCd fhdEG VdG ```SCG ```XJ:ddG ah jEG J a edG KCG S
n ```jEG o```edG r```M n```c r qM/ r``SG
.(7 ,6 ,5 ,4 ) dH pdG pYCH
SH HH d dG SQdG GS H YfG SQdG
hQH d jKCdG SQdG S H d dG SQdG 4 dG5 dG
6 dG7 dG
98
dG GQe XJh bdG SCG GSGh ,(4) ```H (9 ,8) dH dG YCd fhdEG VdG SCG ```XJ:ddG ah JdG dGh dG a jEH dG bY d HdGh
. pJdG pdGh pdG a p jEH pdG nbY rHQG/ rqM! p dG pddG nS pdG nN reCJ
? pdG pH o jEG nJ nc nnYe rbf
.dG SdG MdG QGJ N e J
? pQGdG ne p dG Gg Y of GPe rcPG
.e QGJ
? pdG pN pH nHJ rnCG oj dG odG n pg e
.dEG... JEG ,dG ,dG b
. odG oM re pdG a nSCG pO qM lT lYf lN
? pdG p H n jEG nM dG e rO qMpMdG oQGJ pdG oQGJ pdG oQGJ
? pdG pH nHJ rnCG oj qdG odG n pg e.dEG ... AdG ,IdG ,IOdG ,dUCG
8 dG
9 dG
99
d dG GQe XJh bdG SCG GSGh (5) H (10) ```dH dG d fhdEG VdG SCG ```XJ:ddG ah dG d dG GAjEG
. pdG nee dG Ggh pATCG pSCGh pAdG nH pYd kf pAdGh udG pjW rY pjOdG pdG pd o```YjEG odG oGAjEG o```J
. pedH nSMG j
pfdG pjdG pjW rY pdGh pdG pSM pN re ncQf rnCG of oedGh
. nfG od oJ lUN lHPL lIb mY ud nj rnCG Y
jdG QOd GY d Md10 dG
1 .: pdG pHLEG nJ vN rV ?(10) dG a pdH nAjEG nM qdG oqdG n og e
oQdGh tdG pdG oQGJ pdG oQGJ 2 .. pIQ qdG a oHj eh pdG n f rO qM
. lN le . lYf le
3 .. pedG pS pNG nY oj dG sdG ndG pqMljJ laGJ
4 . pQdGh udG pN e pIQdGh pdc uOGdG uUGNh pU pJ nc me mP nf a jdH dG dG SCG GSG . mLQN mMe a jdH dG dG SQe
:ddG ah LQN Me a jdH dG dG SCG XJ
.QdGh dG jW Y jEG Jh dG e Y dG .dG dG UY J jW Y jEG Jh ee CG Y dG
H L m
: pdG pHL
?(10) dG a pdH nAjEG nM
oQdGh tdGQ h pdG oQGJ p
. pIQ qdG a oHj eh
.
.
100
.dG dG a XJ dSCGh fdH JdG FSdG Vd fhdEG VdG SCG XJ .dG dSCG S dG GQe XJ N e dG dG a IGOCG KCG M adG Ad gdG dG SCG XJ :ddG ah dG FSdH fSG e fdG jJ VY
.ndG pdG re udG pdG pGKDe pRGHEG a pIOhdG pZ pjdG pIQdG oGP oedGh oIGOCG H oJ qdG ojdG n``` pg udG a o```fdG/ odG
oj H udGh pAdG p```Meh pITdG pHVh pdGh p```dG pfqdG pdG pGKCdG ```Y oJh . ofGh o```dG o```M
. pcdGh p jEH nAjEG
101
MCG jhGQ pdG pfd Md
(MdG GNCG) ec Sj dG pd Md
FdG pGdCG oJ
12 dG
13 dG
. udG pdG a udG p jEG pRGHEG a pastel pSdG pGdCG oJ r qL/ rJ
102
pdH pMdG pAe oJpTdG pHH pMdG pAe JRQfS H pd lMd
14 dG
. udG pdG a p jEG pRGHEG a Acrylic jcEG pGdCG oJ r qL/ rJ
103
a pddG pdG pJh pGQOEG ```Y lIQb njd nUCG nBG) Se iNCG IQH hCG I```dG H dGh jdG ```dSCG G```SG dG pdG pGAjEG pGME pd nFSc pedGh pGhOCG pKCG pQXEG Y lIQ```bh udG pdH ufdG p jEH pSMEG pQ```XEG
.( udG pdH n dGh njQGSG oJ
:ddG cCdG e (7) H dG SCG XJ:dhoCG oMG
nAdGh nQdGh njdGh naGdG ``` ke nfdG pdG nXJ rnCG nY nHdG njdG o```j xfd mf pAH a n pJGQe n```XJ ```dhe
. udG pdG a p jG pRGHE sdGh
:ofdG oMG p jEG pJ Y pcCdG ne nSdG nGdCG nee pYhe re nH uUdG pAdGh pHdG pjdG pjJ a ```YdG ```cQe
. udG pdH ufdG
:edG UdG:vY ddG Vd (dG dG) dG dG SCG dG SQe IQhV Y cCdG
1 ..edG GhOCG GSG c VJ2 ..fdH JdG dG SCG J c VJ3 ..dG dG SCGh UY e OQh e ah dG d ddG dG J c VJ4 ..dG YCG a TdG NdG Y5 ..dG jeh LMG ahh SdG FGdG jW Y OTQEGh LdG6 ..(FdG jdG) dG dG SQe AKCG d IdG HdG7 ..AGOCG GTDe ah dG JGf J ie Sd edG dG SQe8 ..jdGh jdG H gdG IQGOE LGdG jdG jd hCH khCG FGdG J e H S OLh dM a
104
201
4 - 2
013
/1
435
- 143
4
-
-
-
1434 - 1435 / 2013 - 2014
1
/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages false /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages false /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MarksOffset 6 /MarksWeight 0.250000 /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PageMarksFile /RomanDefault /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> > ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice