The Position of Al-Quran in Islamic Law

8/8/2019 The Position of Al-Quran in Islamic Law

1/22


2/22

In this topic we would like to describe and

explain the position of al-quran in islamic

law

Here we would details more about:1) differenciation between al-makiyyah and

al-madaniyyah

2) factors why qura is the main sources

compared to hadith qudsi and nabawi

3) Contains in quran

4) Qati and zanni


3/22

Literally: derives from the word qaraa which

is means reading or recitation.

Technically: book of Allah sent through thelast prophet, Muhammad (SAW) it contains

knowledge imparted by Allah and the

guidance for men who are righteous for all

the time to come, it comes in Arabic andtransmitted to us by continuous testimony or

tawattur begins with surah Al-Fatihah and

ends with surah An-Nas.


4/22

The revelation of al-Quran began with the firstverses of surah Al-Alaq and ended with surah Al-

Maidah verse 3 Al-Quran contains

>114 chapters

>6235 verses comprising of various areas

including in the matter of worldly andhereafter

Revealed purely in Arabic 23 years

Entire text of al-quran is contiuonus narration

(mutawattir)surah Al-Isra (it is) al Quran which we havedivided (into parts from time to time), in order

that you might recite it to men at intervals: we

have revealed it by stages (17:106)


5/22

asbabun al-nuzul explain the events which arerelated to the revelation of its particular passage.For example:

Surah al-ikhlas; firstly responds to the mushrikunin Makka before the hijra, and secondly to the ahl

al-kitab encountered in Madina after the hijrah

Hakm (law) is not limited to the events orcircumstances.

Asbab al-Nazul helps to understand the Quran andits law.


6/22

SurahMakiyyah

(82 surah)

SurahMadinah

(20)

SurahKhilaf

(12surah)

Al-Quran(114

chapters)


7/22


8/22

Surah al-makkiyyah Surah al-madaniyyah

Sentence down to Muhammad s.a.w. before migration.

Time is about 12 years,

5 months and 13 days.

sentence down to Muhammad s.a.w. after migration.

Time is about 9 years,

9 months and 9 days.

Theme; tawhid, shirk, day of resurrection, moral

corruption,

stories of the Prophets

Theme; social and legal implications, concerning

marriage, divorce, inheritance, punishment etc

usually theme in makiyyah only touched upon briefly

Almost of the ayat used ('O Mankind) and ('O People)

Ayat often longer,

ayat are often short Almost of the ayat used ('O ye who believe) and

('O people of the book)

except surah al hajj

All the ayat that were revealed while the Prophet was

in Mecca, and around area Mina, Arafah, Hudaibiyah

Revealed in Madinah or its surrounding area such as

Badar, Uhud are classified as Madani

meaningful to Muslims living in a strongly un-Islamic

environment

appeal much to Muslims who are in the process of

formation of the umma


9/22

Quran consists of manifest revelation (Wahy

Zahir) which is direct communication in the

words of Allah

Wahy Batin (non-manifest revelation) - consists

of inspiration and concepts, all the Ahadith of

the Prophet (SM)


10/22

Al-Quran and sunnah- contain law formany cases and also served as the basisfor the extension of the law

Consensus of legal opinion( ijma)contains the law, and its provision can beuse for extending the law further thoughsome would prefer to have recourse to

the basis or the sanad of ijma for thenew case

Therefore, some jurist maintain that al-quran and sunnah are the primary sources


11/22

commanded by Allah (SWT) in surah al-Nisa

verse 59 where He says:

O You Who believe! ObeyAllah andobey the Messenger and

those charged with authority among you. If you differ inanything among yourselves, refer it to Allah (Quran) and his

Messenger (Sunnah), if you do believe in Allah and the Last

Day: That is best,and most suitable for final determination.

another verse Allah SWT says:

This is the book in which there is no doubt (Since its author,

Allah the creator of the universe, possesses complete and

perfect knowledge,

there is no room for doubt about its content)


12/22

Conversation between Prophet Muhammad

with Muaz bin Jabal before leaving for his

appointment as governor of Yemen

all four of khalifa al-Rashidin used to decide

every issue by looking first into the Book of

Allah and next they would refer a sunnah of

the Prophet.


13/22

1) Al-Quran carry some value, namely, the historyAnbiya '(the prophet), the previousgenerations.

2) Function of the Qur'an as the main source

Islamic law and it contains:1. hereafter2. history of previous generations3. value4. answer the questions that arise from people

5. discuss questions of faith6. talk about the value7. good news (heavenly blessings and rewards)

and punishment of Allah


14/22

Al-Quran Hadith

Was revealed to the Prophet

(pbuh) verbatim

Was not a verbatim revelation

Was revealed via n el Jibreel Inspired b other a s, su h as

in the form of a dream.

Words of the ur'an are

mira ulous or inimitable

(mu'jizah)

Words of the adith udsi are

not of this nature

e ited in formal pra ers (salah) annot be re ited in pra ers

One is not allo ed to tou h the

ur'an in the state of Janabah(post-sexual impurit )

There is no su h prohibition for

tou hin the books of adith


15/22

Hadith Qudsi

"A Hadith Qudsi is a statement where Prophet

Muhammad (pbuh) reports a statement and

he refers it directly to Allah.

Hadith Qudsi, in which the Prophet (SM)

quotes Allah in the Hadith, is also notequivalent to the Quran

In fact, this kind of Hadith is also subject toexamination of Isnad (chain of narrators from

the Prophet (pbuh) to the compiler of theHadith compilation).

Prophet (pbuh) did not make any distinctionbetween Hadith Qudsi and other Hadith.


16/22

Hadith Nabawi

Hadith Nabawi is a hadith where one of the

Companions reports the Prophet's

statements, his deeds, or things thathappened in his presence and he approved of

them.


17/22

Qati & Zanni concepts have been discussed :

- in terms of text &

- in terms of meaning.


18/22

Qati text:

- Entire Quranic text is Qati (definitive)

- Mutawatir Sunnah or Hadith (at least in

essence)

Zanni text:

- Other Hadith and Ijtihad are Zanni material


19/22


20/22

Qati & Zanni have significance

in the matter of belief [can be determinedonly by Qati text with Qati meaning ] &

in the gradation of Ahkam (rules) into

Farz, Wazib, Sunnah, Haram, Makruh, etc.

Zanni of one verse can be made Qati by

another verse or by definitive Sunnah

Zanni Sunnah can be elevated to Qati by Qati

Ayat of the Quran or by other corroborative

evidence of Qati Sunnah.


21/22


22/22

OCT 2009 Question 4

c)Explain the differences between primaryand secondary sources of Islamic law (5m)

Question 5

a) Is the Quran a source of law? Support youranswer with relevant examples (6m)

OCT 2007 Question 5

d) Describe the concept of asbab al-nuzul andits implication in understanding the

objective of the revelation (5m)

OCT 2006 Question 1

c) State three (3) differences between theMakki and Madani verses of the Qur'an.

Provide example for each of the differencesstated (6m)

The Position of Al-Quran in Islamic Law

Documents

Transcript of The Position of Al-Quran in Islamic Law