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Switzerland

Switzerland

Renewable energy incentive program

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December, 2013

Switzerland Country Renewable Energy Overview

Green energy diffusion in the country

• Solar energy (photovoltaic)• Wind mills

• Biomass, wastes, biogas.• Incentive scheme for renewables

Wind mills energy incentives program

• National overview• Feed-in-tariffs

Solar energy incentives program

• National overview• Feed-in-tariffs• Tax credits

Country renewable energy - Summary

Biomass, biofuels, biogas energy, incentives program

• National overview

• Feed-in-tariffs

December, 2013

Geothermal energy


Hydroelectricity


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Primary production of energy in 2010 (in 1000 toe)

Coal

Renewables

Nuclear

Natural gas

Oil

Switzerland Renewable energy production

Renewable energy - Production

December, 2013

Thanks to its topography and high levels of annual

rainfall, Switzerland has ideal conditions for the

utilization of hydropower. Hydroelectric energy

production is the leading renewable energy

source with 62.43% of national total electricity

production.

The total installed renewable capacity (biomass

+ geothermal + hydroelectricity +solar +wind) in

Switzerland increased by 1.13% from 14,031

MW in 2010 to 14,189 MW in 2011, ranking on

17th position globally. Over the previous 5 years,

the total installed renewable energy capacity has

raised by 0.44% .

China was the world leader for total installed

renewable capacity in 2011 with 301,440 MW,

or 21.24 times larger than Switzerland.

The total installed renewable capacity in

Switzerland in 2012 represented 69.5% of total

installed energy capacity (all conventional + all

renewable energy sources).

Data Source: Eurostat

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

10

00

toe

Primary production of renewables by type

Wind

Hydro

Geothermal

Biomass and wastes

Solar energy

Switzerland Renewable energy production

Switzerland renewable energy production is

mainly based on hydroelectric production.

In 2011 it covered a share of 63% of total

renewable energy production. Biomass energy

production is the second renewable source of the

country.

Despite the little share, solar energy production

has considerably grown up in the last years, such

as wind and biomass energy production.

December, 2013

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Primary production of renewable energy,

(1 000 toe) in 2010


1.03%

31.27%

5.21%

62.43%

0.06%

Primary Production of Renewables in 2010 (%)

Solar energy

Biomass and wastes

Geothermal

Hydro

Wind0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

1998 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

GW

h

Switzerland electricity production 1998-2010

Total electricity

production

Renewable electricity

production

Switzerland Green energy production

Green energy production

69824 GWh (2012)

37954 GWh (2010)

December, 2013

In 2010, electricity production from renewable sources in Switzerland reached a share of

about 55 % of the total.

One of the main objectives of Switzerland's energy policy, with the introduction of the FIT,

is to increase the amount of electricity generated by “new” renewable energy (without

large-scale hydro) by 5,400 GWh, or 10% of the electricity consumption, by 2030.

Wind energy is supposed to add 600 to 1,200 GWh to these targets.


Switzerland RE forecast in Switzerland

Forecasts

The Swiss government’s target for 2020 is to reach a renewable energy production equal to 24 %

of total energy consumption.

The target put a few years ago for 2030 is to add a 5,400 GWh or renewable energy production to

total. This means aproximatively 220 GWh per year. In 2020 the added production should be

approximatively 3000 GWh.

Swiss Federal Electricity Supply Act

Forecasts by the AEE : National Energy Agency

December, 2013

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.00

Hydroelectric Solar Geothermal Biomass and

wastes

Wind

2010 36.06 0.59 3.01 18.06 0.03

2035-2050 41 18 10.5 26 4.5

TW

h

Renewable energy production forecast 2035-2050

Switzerland Renewables - Incentive scheme

Incentives for renewables – fast overview

• The main stimulus for renewables is a feed-in-tariff scheme for each renewable source emended by

government.

The Swiss FIT program took as a base model the German FIT program.

• The first Energy Law was introduced on 26th June 1998, the so called “LEne”, and in 2008 new feed-in-tariffs

were introduced, with the “LAEI” the new Energy Law.

Through the years there was made revisions on energy law. Feed-in-tariffs for renewables, were actualized in

February 2010, but they are still provisory.

• Tariffs are paid for a period of 20-25 years.

2013Feed - in – tariffs

Swiss franc (euro) /kWh

Photovoltaic

Ground mounted Rooftop BIPV Duration (years)

0.281 (0.2324) – 0.365

(0.3019)0.037 (0.0306) – 0.399 (0.33)

0.334 (0.3019) – 0.488

(0.4036)25

Wind MillsSmall wind mills < 10 kWp Duration (years) Large wind mills > 10 kWp Duration

0.215 (0.1778) 20 0.215 (0.1778) first 5 years

0.135 (0.1117)After premium period,

to year 20Biomass/gas/wastes Power plant 50 kWp - 5 MWp

0.185 (0.153) – 0.28 (0.2316)

Bonuses:

0.035 (0.0289) – 0.08 (0.0662)

GeothermalDuration

(years) Plants <20 MW Plants >20 MW

20

0.28 (0.2316) – 0.4

(0.3309) 0.227 (0.1878)

Swiss Franc/ € = 0,83 October 2012

December, 2013

Hydro Power plant <10 MW

0.075 (0.062) – 0.26 (0.2151)

Pressure Bonuses:

0.01 (0.0083) – 0.045 (0.0372)

Water management bonusses:

0.025 (0.0207) – 0.055 (0.0455)

Switzerland Feed-in Tariffs

Feed-in Tariffs - 2013

December, 2013

Solar Photovoltaic 25 years

Ground-mounted in SWF € ct/kwh

<10 kW 0.331 27.5

<30 kW 0.27 22.4

<100 kW 0.248 20.6

>100 kW 0.231 19.2

>1,000 kW 0.216 17.9

Rooftop

<10 kW 0.361 30.0

<30 kW 0.294 24.4

<100 kW 0.269 22.3

>1,000 kW 0.251 20.8

Building Integrated

<10 kW 0.428 35.5

<30 kW 0.365 30.3

<100 kW 0.332 27.6

>100 kW 0.315 26.1

>1,000 kW 0.289 24

Wind (20 years) in SWF In Euro

Small Wind <10 kW 0.215 0.1778

Large Wind > 10 kW

All Sites 0.215 0.1778

60% Reference Yield 0.215 0.1778








After Premium Period 0.135 0.1117

Geothermal (20 years)

in SWF € ct/kwh

<5 MW 0.4 33.3

<10 MW 0.36 30

<20 MW 0.28 23.3

>20 MW 0.227 18.9

Hydro (25 years) in SWF € ct/kwh

<10 kW 0.26 21.6

<50 kW 0.2 16.7

<300 kW 0.145 12.1

<1 MW 0.11 9.2

<10 MW 0.075 6.2

Pressure Bonus (for the head of the

penstock)

<5 m 0.045 3.7

<10 m 0.027 2.2

<20 m 0.02 1.7

<50 m 0.015 1.2

>50 m 0.01 0.8

Water Management Bonus

<10 kW 0.055 4.6

<50 kW 0.04 3.3

<300 kW 0.03 2.5

>300 kW 0.025 2.1

Maximum

tariff 0.35 3

Biomass (20 years)in SWF In Euro

Sewage gas

maximum 0.24 0.1985

Waste gas

maximum 0.2 0.1654

Other biogas

<50 kW 0.28 23

<100 kW 0.25 20.8

<500 kW 0.22 18.3

<5 MW 0.185 15.4

>5 MW 0.175 14.6

Wood burning bonus

<50 kW 0.08 6.7

<100 kW 0.07 5.8

<500 kW 0.06 5

<5 MW 0.04 3.3

>5 MW 0.035 2.9

Power Bonus from Agricultural Wastes

<50 kW 0.18 15

<100 kW 0.16 13.3

<500 kW 0.13 10.8

<5 MW 0.045 3.7

Bonus for district

heating 0 0

Swiss Franc/ € = 0,8265 25 October 2012

Source: www.wind-works.org

Switzerland Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity

December, 2013

•In 2012, hydroelectricity production

reached 3101 ktoe (36 064 GWh) (equal

to 56.8% of total renewable energy

production).

9.85%

90.15%

Share of hydroelectricity

in EU27

Switzerland

EU (27)


Hydroelectricity

December, 2013

At the beginning of the 1970s, based on the estimated mean production level, hydropower accounted

for almost 90% of domestic electricity production, but this figure dropped to approximately 60% by

1985 following the shutting of Switzerland's nuclear power plants, and is at present about 56%. In

consequence, hydropower remains Switzerland's major domestic source of renewable energy.

Over a third of the total power produced in Switzerland is supplied by stations using reservoirs -

constructed by building huge dams in the mountains. The dam wall of Grande Dixence, in canton

Valais, the third highest in the world, at 285 meters.

Run-of-river stations, which use the water's natural flow to drive their turbines supply another

quarter comes.

556 hydropower plants in Switzerland have a capacity of no less than 300 kilowatts each, which

generate an average of approximately 35,830 GWh per year:

-47% are produced in run-of-river power plants,

-49% in storage power plants and

-approximately 4% in pumped storage power plants.

Two-thirds of hydroelectricity are produced in the mountain cantons of Uri, Grisons, Ticino and

Valais, while Aargau and Bern also generate important quantities. Approximately 11% of Switzerland's

hydropower generation derive from facilities sited on bodies of water along the country's borders.

The hydropower market is estimated at 2 billion Swiss francs (basis = delivery from power plant at 5

cents/kWh), and is thus an essential fragment of Switzerland's energy industry.


Hydroelectricity

December, 2013

Switzerland Solar energy

Solar energy

• The photovoltaics market has expanded globally by more than

30% per year over the past few years, in particular in Europe. In

Switzerland, the installed capacity is approximately 30 MW, or

0.04% of Switzerland's electricity production, which is very small

proportion. Nevertheless, with the introduction of feed-in tariffs

remuneration to the electricity network, the Swiss photovoltaics

market should expand more. The systems average output in

Switzerland is about 820 kWh/kWp (annual yield/peak output of

system), however modern systems are capable of generation up to

1,000 kWh/kWp, even in the low-lying regions.

• The export volume of Swiss photovoltaic products continues to be

high and is estimated to more than 1 500 MCHF in 2009.

December, 2013

1.38%

98.62%

Share of solar energy in

EU27

Switzerland

EU (27)

Switzerland Solar energy December, 2013

Source: www.estif.org


Europe yearly solar irradiation

December, 2013


Yearly sum of solar electricity generated by

1kWp photovoltaic system with optimally-

inclined modules.

The correct exposure to the

solar rays of the photovoltaic

modules represents a key factor

to the purpose of getting

optimal performances from the

plant in terms of production of

electric energy.

South regions are clearly advantaged in solar energy production because of the higher level of sun

irradiation during the year.

Especially the regions of Valais, Grisons and Glaris.

December, 2013


European PV power map (MW)

December, 2013

Source: EPIA


European PV power (MW)

Switzerland PV power installed per inhabitant in 2011 : 26.2 W

December, 2013

Source: EPIA


European PV power (MW)

December, 2013

Source: EPIA

Switzerland Solar energy December, 2013

Solar energy

Switzerland Solar energy incentive process

Solar energy – incentive scheme

Period : 25 years.

• From 2010 degression rate will be : 8 %

• Cap : 16 Mio CHF but will increase to 32 Mio when the average system price falls below

0.60 SWF/kWh.

•All tariffs are exclude VAT

2013Power

(kWp)

Tariff

Swiss Franc (€) kWh

Feed-in-tariff

Ground-mounted

<10 0.365 (0.3019)

< 30 0.337 (0.2787)

< 100 0.32 (0.2647)

> 100 0.29 (0.2399)

>1000 0.281 (0.2324)

Rooftop

< 10 0.399 (0.33)

< 30 0.368 (0.3044)

< 100 0.349 (0.2887)

> 100 0.317 (0.2622)

>1000 0.037 (0.0306)

Building intregrated (BIPV)

< 10 0.488 (0.4036)

< 30 0.439 (0.3631)

< 100 0.391 (0.3234)

> 100 0.349 (0.2887)

>1000 0.334 (0.3019)

In the following cantons: AG, AR, BS, FR (almost bailed out), SH,

TG, UR, ZH, additionally in some municipalities. Mostly capped at a

few kW.

Investment

subsidies

For installations with rated power > 10 kW, the compensation shall be proportionately calculated over the

performance classes.

Swiss Franc/ € = 0,8265 25 October 2012

December, 2013

Switzerland Solar energy sample calculation

Ground mounted installation in south SwitzerlandAn installation operator installed and commissioned in 2012 a plant with a cumulative peak

power of 25 kW. All modules have the same orientation. In 2012 the operator has a total

electricity yield of 37,000 kWh.

Ground mounted PV plant > 10 kWp

Incentive tariff : ≤ 10 kWp = 40 % = 14,800 kWh of 37,000 - 0.3019 €/kWh

> 30 kWp = 60 % = 22,200 kWh of 37,000 - 0.2787 €/kWh

When calculating the total remuneration, the following procedure has to be applied:

The total remuneration for the year 2012 therefore amounts to 10,655.26 Euro

Solar energy - Sample calculation

BIPV plant situated in south SwitzerlandAn installation operator installed and commissioned a plant in 2012 with a cumulative peak

power of 5 kW. All the modules have the same (peak) output and the same orientation. In 2012

the operator has a total electricity yield of 6500 kWh.

BIPV plant power < 10 kWp Incentive tariff: 0.4036 €/kWh

When calculating the total remuneration, the following procedure has to be applied:

The total remuneration for the year 2012 therefore amounts to 2,623.4 Euro

6500 kWh x 0.4036 €/kWh = 2,623.4

14,800 kWh x 0.3019 €/kWh = 4,468.12 Euro

+ 22,200 kWh x 0.2787 €/kWh = 6,187.14 Euro

December, 2013

Switzerland Wind energy

Wind energy production

• By the end of 2012, in Switzerland operated 32 wind turbines

with a total power of 49 MW, generating about 88 GWh of electricity.

• In Switzerland, there is plenty of potential for developing wind

energy too: it would be possible for facilities that meet the stringent

criteria of Switzerland's wind energy concept to produce around 600

GWh of electricity per annum by 2030.

December, 2013

0.02%

99.98%

Share of wind energy in

EU27

Switzerland

EU (27)


Europe wind map

December, 2013


Europe wind installed capacity

December, 2013

Source: EWEA


Switzerland yearly average wind speed

Northern and mountain regions have higher wind speed during the year.

December, 2013

Switzerland Wind mills distribution

Distribution of wind mills (MW)

In 2012, the total installed capacity of

wind power was of 49 MW.

There are : •13 units with a power above 100 kWp

• 5 units with a power between 10 and 100

kWp,

•and 14 units with a power less than 10 KWp.

The largest wind park is in the north, in

Mont Crosin. It has 8 wind mills installed,

with an annual average power of 9.6 GWh.

Source: Wind-data.ch

December, 2013

Source: ieawind.org

Switzerland Wind energy December, 2013

Wind energy

Switzerland Wind energy incentive program

Wind energy - Incentive scheme

Period : 20 years

Degression rate : 1.5 % per year from

2013

Large wind mills :The higher initial tariff is paid for five years. This period is extended by two months for each

0.75 per cent of the reference yield by which the yield of the installation falls short of 150 per cent of the

reference yield

Reference yield in (%)Initial tariff

period

Extention of

initial tariff

Total duration

of payment

≥ 150 5 years - 5 years

142.5 5 years 20 months 6 years, 8 months

135 5 years 40 months 8 years, 4 months

127.5 5 years 60 months 10 years

120 5 years 80 months 11 years, 8 months

Switzerland has opted for the German system of tariff for wind. Unlike the French system, the German

and Swiss system extend the premium payment for a certain number of months as opposed to dropping

the tariff in year 6.

2012Tariff

Swiss franc (€) /kWhPeriod

Small wind mills

power < 10 kWp0.215 (0.1778) 20 years

Large wind mills

power > 10 kWp

0.215 (0.1778) first 5 years

0.135 (0.1117)After premium

period

If actual performance meets or exceeds 150% of the reference yield, tariff is immediately lowered to

0.135 (0.115 €)/kWh until the end of the period of payment

Swiss Franc/ € = 0,8265 February 2010

December, 2013


Small wind energy installation, installed in 2012. Power of the plant : 7.5 kWp

Production 2012 : 13,500 kWh


Tariff for 20 years fixed at 0.1778 €/kWh

Degression from 2013 of 1.5 % per year of the tariff

REMUNERATION

2012

2013

Tariff lowered by 1.5 % = 0.134 €/kWh

A

13,500 kWh x 0.1778 € = 2,400.3 Euro

13,900 kWh x 0.17 € = 2.363 Euro

Wind energy – sample calculation

December, 2013


Wind energy – sample calculation

Large wind energy installation, installed in 2012. Power of the plant : 100 kWp



Tariff: 0.1778 €/kWh

The actual performance is of 135 % and it is < 150 % reference yield.

Higher initial tariff is extended by 40 months higher tariff period = 8 years and 4 months

Degression of 1.5 % per year of the tariff from 2012

2012

First 8 years and 4 months tariff : 0.1778 €/kWh

From year 2015 to 2022 tariff decreased 1.5 % per year : 2022 tariff 0.102 €/kWh

2022

After premium period tariff : 0.102 €/kWh

B

180,000 kWh x 0.135 € = 24,480 Euro

182,000 kWh x 0.102 €/kWh = 18,564 Euro

December, 2013

Switzerland Biomass, biofuels, biogas energy

• After hydropower, biomass is the second most

important source of renewable energy in Switzerland,

and it can be utilized for generating electricity, heat and

motor fuel. About 40% of the energy potential of biomass

is presently being used in Switzerland.

• In 2010, biomass and wastes energy production

reached about 1553 ktoe (18.000 GWh), equal to

31.27% of total renewable energy production.

• The Biomass-biogas energy production target for 2035-

2050 is 26.000 GWh.

Bio energy production

December, 2013

0

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15000

20000

25000

30000

Germ

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Fra

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Sw

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lan

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Pola

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Spain

Italy

Au

str

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Tu

rkey

Un

ited K

ingdom

Rom

an

ia

Port

ugal

Cze

ch

Repu

blic

Neth

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an

ds

Den

mark

Latv

ia

Belg

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Hu

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Sw

itze

rlan

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Norw

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Lit

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Esto

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Bu

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Slo

vakia

Gre

ece

Slo

ven

ia

Biomass&Wastes production (1000 toe) in 2010

1.38%

98.62%

Share of biomass and

wastes in EU27

Switzerland

EU (27)

Switzerland Bio - energy production

Switzerland Bio power installed capacity

ARA with co-fermentation

Industrial treatment of wastewater

Biodiesel production plant

Biowaste treatment plant

Agricultural biogas plant

In 2010, biomass and wastes energy production

reached about 1553 ktoe (18000 GWh), equal to

31.27 % of total renewable energy production.

The target to 2035-2050 is to reach a 26.000 GWh

production.

December, 2013

Switzerland Bio - energy production

Switzerland Bio-Wastes potential

In Switzerland the recycling

of a waste fraction must not

only be proven to be

environmentally beneficial to

be implemented, it must also

be economically sustainable.

An estimated (not

inventoried) 300’000 tones of

bio-waste is treated by home

or community composting,

or in plants with a capacity

below 100 t/year.

December, 2013

Switzerland Biomass December, 2013

Biomass

Switzerland Biomass and biofuels energy production

Other Biomass incentive

Minimum Energy Requirements

Minimum electrical efficiency : 252 kW, 38 % .

Heat utilisation rate: minimum mustn’t be lower more than 20 % of the rate required in a civil year or in two

consecutive years, unless remuneration will be no more available until minimum heat utilisation rate is

reached.

Period: 20 years

Degression: 0 %

2012 Power plant Tariff

swiss franc (€)

Other Biomass

≤ 50 kW 0.28 (0.2316)

≤ 100 kW 0.25 (0.2068)

≤ 500 kW 0.22 (0.1820)

≤ 5 MW 0.185 (0.153)

> 5MW 0.175 (0.1447)

Wood use Bonus

≤ 50 kW 0.08 (0.0662)

≤ 100 kW 0.07 (0.0579)

≤ 500 kW 0.06 (0.0496)

≤ 5 MW 0.04 (0.0331)

> 5MW 0.035 (0.0289)

Agriculture

biomass Bonus

≤ 50 kW 0.18 (0.1489)

≤ 100 kW 0.16 (0.1323)

≤ 500 kW 0.13 (0.1075)

≤ 5 MW 0.045 (0.0372)

• Wood bonus and agriculture biomass bonus can not

be combined

• Bonus for biomass from agriculture is allocated if

uses:

1. fertilizer, with crop residues and waste substances

from agricultural production surpluses

2. if the proportion of non-agricultural co-substrates

and energy crops is ≤ 20% (mass of fresh material).

District Heating

Bonus0.02 (0.0165)

• Bonus for external heat (CHP bonus) of 0.0165 euro

cents per kilowatt hour is granted if the external heat

exceeds by at least 20 % (based on gross production)

the minimum requirements

Bonuses Swiss Franc/ € = 0,8265 February 2010

December, 2013

Switzerland Biomass and biofuels energy production

Biomass energy – sample calculation

Biomass installation with an output of 1.5 MW; year of commissioning: 2012. The plant uses fertilizer,

with crop residues and waste from agricultural production.

Energy requirements in terms of energy efficiency are reached.

Tariff: Output power 1.5 MW < 5 MW = 0.153 €/kWh

Agriculture biomass bonus : 0.0372 €/kWh

Final tariff : 0.153 + 0.0372 = 0.1902 €/kWh

A

December, 2013

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Geothermal power generation (1000 toe)

in 2010

4.40%

95.60%

Share of geothermal

energy in EU27

Switzerland

EU (27)

Switzerland Geothermal energy December, 2013

Geothermal energy

• In 2010, geothermal energy production

reached 259 ktoe (3012 GWh) (equal to 5.21

% of total renewable energy production).

Data Source: EREF


Geothermal Duration (years) Plants <20 MW Plants >20 MW

20 0.28 (0.2316) – 0.4 (0.3309) 0.227 (0.1878)

2012Feed - in – tariffs

Swiss franc (euro) /kWh

Switzerland Geothermal

Geothermal Energy

December, 2013

In Switzerland there are no geothermal power installations and no electricity is produced

from geothermal sources at present. Nevertheless, the Deep Mining project in Basel intends to

build a facility capable to generate 3 MW of electricity and 20 MW of thermal production,

capable as well to provide electricity to approximately 10,000 households and to provide heat

to 2,700 households. In 1996 started the preliminary work on this pilot project on the

initiative of, and with the support of, the Swiss Federal Office of Energy.

The utilization of geothermal energy for direct-use has enhanced considerably, mostly with the

installations of geothermal heat pumps (GHP).

The second major utilization of geothermal energy is with thermal spas and wellness facilities.

The percentage of the different uses in terms of energy use (GWh) is 73.9% for HE and

horizontal loops, 13.6% for balneology, 10.4% using shallow groundwater, 1.0% using

geostructures (energy piles), 0.6% using deep aquifers which includes using tunnel water.

On Riehen, Canton Basel city, is situated one geothermal district heating. The introduction of

a feed-in tariff and a risk coverage system have been the latest modifications in governmental

policy in 2008.


Geothermal Energy

December, 2013

Source: www.geoelec.eu


Geothermal Energy

December, 2013

The geothermal utilization by the different categories is:

•for individual space heating - 2 MWt and 14.7 TJ/year ;

•for district heating - 3 MWt and 33.5 TJ/year;

•for air conditioning 1.4 MWt and 11 TJ/year;

•for snow melting - 0.1 MWt and 0.3 TJ/year;

•for bathing and swimming - 34.9 MWt and 1,045.4 TJ/year;

•for using tunnel water - 2.4 MWt and 7.7 TJ/year;

•for GHP - 1,017.1 MWt and 6,602 TJ/year.

The total for Switzerland is 1,060.6 MWt and 7,714.6 TJ/year

Government aid for geothermal power production (for 20 years)

Feed in tariff covering cost in Switzerland

Fixed Tariff: 40 Rp./kWh electricity, or 33.3 ct/kWh electricity (exchange rate 1€ = 1.2 CHF)

Risk insurance: the government will reimburse up to 50% of drilling costs in case of low productivity

Switzerland Geothermal energy December, 2013

Geothermal energy

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