Processing Tomato Research Update - Ridgetown · Winter Wheat – Tomato Rotation. Winter wheat...
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Processing Tomato Research Update Laura L. Van Eerd [email protected] University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Transcript of Processing Tomato Research Update - Ridgetown · Winter Wheat – Tomato Rotation. Winter wheat...
Processing Tomato Research Update
Laura L. Van [email protected]
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Winter Wheat – Tomato Rotation
Winter wheat management practices: 1) no treatment - leaving the straw in the field2) removing straw after wheat harvest3) leaving the straw in the field plus fall nitrogen
fertilizer at 30 lb N/ac
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Methods
Tomato N treatments 1) no nitrogen fertilizer applied 2) N applied at recommended rateRidgetown: preplant broadcast incorporated
CAN 130 lb N/acLeamington: preplant and split application
100 + 100 lb N/ac110 + 77 lb N/ac
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Tomato – Wheat Residue
At Ridgetown site, wheat residue on 6 June 2008 in a) no treatment – straw left in field, b) straw + fall N, and c) straw removed.
Highest
Low
High
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Soil Moisture and Temperature
It is doubtful that these differences would have a large impact on planting operations
Wheat residue treatment Ridgetown 2008 Leamington
2009Moisture Temperature Temperature
Straw left in field 17.6 a 12.9 a 15.45 aStraw removed 15.4 b 13.1 b 15.34 b
Straw left + fall N 17.5 a 12.9 a 15.42 a
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Nitrogen Dynamics (3 site-years)
Treatment N in
shoots at harvest
N in fruit at harvest (Crop
N removal)Soil nitrate-N from 0-30 cm (ppm)
--------- lb N/ac --------- fall planting early July harvest
Control treatment –straw left in field 30.0 113
5.3
8.4 17.1 4.6
Straw removed 28.8 105 8.3 14.5 5.4Straw + fall N 30.3 112 8.7 14.5 4.8Tomato N rate
N fertilized 36 a 135 a- -
21.9 a 5.4 a
No N 24 b 89 b 10.7 b 4.5 b
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Soybeans as previous crop
2008-09 season only – soybeans plots along with the wheat plots at Ridgetown No differences in yield or quality between
soybeans and all wheat plots
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Yield – Quality
Wheat residue treatment
Quality parameters
AgtronSoluble solids pH
No treatment – straw left in field 21.8 5.0 4.3Straw removed 21.2 5.1 4.3Straw left + fall N 21.6 5.1 4.3
P= 0.4874 0.4358 0.5742Tomato N rate
N fertilized 20.7 a 5.2 a 4.3No N fertilizer 22.3 b 5.0 b 4.3
P= 0.0004 <0.0001 0.9155
Wheat x N interaction P= 0.4242 0.9290 0.2000
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
No treatment – straw left infield
Straw removed Straw + fall N
Wheat straw treatment
Mar
keta
ble
yiel
d (to
n/ac
)
RidgetownLeamington
Yield - Marketable
ab
ab
A AA
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Days
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
% R
elea
se
0
20
40
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100
Type IType IIType III
Days
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
% R
elea
se
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ammonium NitrateEnvironmentally Safe NitrogenSulfur coated urea
Slow Release Nitrogen
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Nitrogen and ECONOMICS pea – cover crops – sweet corn
May 2007 October 2007
OSR+Rye No Cover Rye Oat OSR Oat OSR+Rye No Cover Rye
3 rotations: 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Nitrogen and Cover Crops
Oats, cereal rye, oilseed radish and mix of OSR+Rye All covers conserve N over the winter and
fall Cover crops gave NO nitrogen credit or
debit to following sweet corn crop Need legume (most over-wintering) for
nitrogen credit
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Oats + Nfertilizer
Rye + Nfertilizer
Oilseedradish + rye +
N fertilizer
No covercrop + Nfertilizer
Oats + 0N Oilseedradish + rye +
0N
No covercrop + 0N
Rye + 0N
cover crop
prof
it m
argi
ns ($
/ha)
Economics Bothwell-2007
a
b b bbc
cd
dee
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Oilseedradish +
N fertilizer
Rye + Nfertilizer
Oilseedradish +
0N
Oilseedradish +rye + Nfertilizer
Oilseedradish +rye + 0N
No covercrop + Nfertilizer
Oats + Nfertilizer
Rye + 0N No covercrop + 0N
Oats + 0N
cover crop
prof
it m
argi
ns ($
/ha)
Economics Ridgetown-2008
a a a ababc
abc bccd
cdd
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Economics Ridgetown-2009
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Rye + Nfertil izer
Oilseedradish +
Nfertil izer
Oilseedradish +
0N
Oilseedradish +rye + N
fertil izer
Oilseedradish +rye + 0N
Oats + Nferti l izer
Rye + 0N No covercrop + Nfertil izer
Oats +0N
No covercrop +
0N
cover crop
pro
fit
mar
gin
s $
/ha
aa aa a a
ab ab
b
ab
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Cover crop – sweet corn –cover crop – spring wheat
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Cover crops – Spring wheat
05
101520253035404550
Oats No covercrop
OSR-rye Oilseedradish (OSR)
Rye
cover crop
Whe
at y
ield
(bu/
ac)
aab
bcbc
c
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Cover crops – cucumbers
Early planted -1st week in AugustLate planted -1st week in September
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Cover crops – cucumbers
0
1000
2000
3000
No covercrop
WITH N
Oats 0N OSR 0N Peas 0N Vetch 0N No Cover0N
Rye 0N Ryebiomassremoved
0Ncover crops
inco
me
$/ha
a
ab ab
bc bc
d
cd cd
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Cover Crops & Tomatoes?
New project starting 2010 Literature: Many in organic production with legumes as N
source Yield and quality not compromised with
sorghum-sudangrass in Florida (Wang et al. 2005)
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Conclusions
Removing wheat straw or fall applied N are not recommended management practices Potential added expense No yield benefit
Slow release may be too slow Economic benefits to planting cover crops Need to study cover crops in tomatoes
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
Acknowledgements
Technical expertise of Mike Zink Funding by: Ontario Tomato Research Institute OMAFRA
Tomato transplants from: CanGro
In-kind soil and plant analysis by: Agri-Food Laboratories Ltd. A&L Laboratories
L.L. Van Eerd. 2010. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph
