Hume Dialogues

8/2/2019 Hume Dialogues

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P G Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, DH

T B

. Y , - P G L - B ..

: D C N R

A: D H

P D: J 20, 2009 [EB #4583]

R D: U

F P: F 12, 2002

L: E

C : ISO-8859-1

*** SAR OF HIS PROJEC GUENBERG EBOOKDIALOGUESNAURAL RELIGION ***

P C C. HML A H.

C, x J S. W, 1779 .

PDF 1.0

D: 19 M 2012 12:40 AM

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Dialogues ConcerningNatural Religion

by

David Hume


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1

David Hume (1779)

PAMPHILUS TO HERMIPPUS

It , Hermippus,

, -

,

.

A , ,

x q,

;

, , x

; , ,

.

SYSEM , ;

- ,

, -

, Author Reader, ,

Pedagogue Pupil. O, -

,

,

,

,

, , ,

, , .


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Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion David Hume (1779)

? W , , , , - ? B, , q - nature D B, , , ? T ;

.B , q ; , , , .

T I , I , , CLEANHES, PHILO DEMEA, I . Y , , x, I , , x

, . T x; Cleanthes - Philo, - x x Demea.M ; , ,

T , , - , .

A , obvious , impor-tant , q ; ;

-; , , .

A q , , obscure uncertain, x ; , . R , . O, ,

; , , , ; , .

H, NAURAL RELIGION. W -, , being G, - ,


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- , , I , I .


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PART I.

A I , I Cleanthes , Demea Cleanthes

-,

.T Pamphilus, , : T ; , . Y , I , , .I , , x, I , I . T I , Tat students o philosophy ought rst to learn logics,

then ethics, next physics, last o all the nature o the gods.

*

T , , , q ; , .

A , Philo, - ? I ,

*C P: : S


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; , , . T q, x, - ; , , - . B Cleanthes , I , , , , , x . L Demeas : L , , :L -, : L ; ; , , x, , , ; , q ,

.W , ; , , x?W , x; , I , x,

? I , Demea, , I N T. , ; , I x, I . W , I ;

; -; , , . H -, I ; , .

Y , Philo, - , ;

q - . B I -, , , - -, , , . T, , , q q, - ,


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I , Philo, , , , , , , , . Ex ; ; - ; - ,

, . A ? T , . S , , Pyrrhonians; , , x, , - , .

I ,

Stoics Pyrrhonians, - ; x, T -, , , . W , S -, , species , ; , ,

; , ?

W Philo , I Demea Clean-thes. T Demea - : B, Cleanthes, I ; -

Philo.

Y , Philo, Cleanthes, ; , x q, -, q .W , , : W , ;

, ; , , - x. A , Demea, ,I , - . I , , , : I , , , ; , , , .


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12 13


, I , , , .

- , , I , , , ; ,

. I , , . H - , , , - ; - ; x q, , ;

philosophy . -, ; x , , , x .

B : ,

, x . I , , , , , . B ? T x, ; ; ; philosopher

plebeian.

I Stoics Skeptics, Philo. B , , , S, , , , ; S , . T , Zeno, x .

V W P.Y P, , ; xF H,

W P, .

I , , ; -


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; , , , x. B , , , , -

. T .T ; , .

B I , Cleanthes, ,Philo, , . W - , , ; I , ,

. I , , Newtonx , x ; , , -? A , , Coper-nicus Galileo , , ,

; ; x ; S x ; , -, , , : W - , q . S , , , -, , , x, -, , , . B, , ; , , , , , , , q . W , -, -

. W ;, , , , - .

A , , ,


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16 17


. A , I , ? W

-

,

? I q ?

O , , ; -

; , ,

x, , , -. Y , -

. I

: I

: I . Y , , ,

x ,

, , .

I

*, , S

: T . I ,, (I ),

. B , I

, I x

. A , , ,

.

* LArte de penser

x ?

T -, , , q . T - , ; ,

, , T , . T , Euclid. B - . T ; , . T -,

x . L - . T . B x . T . T -, , , q, , . T , , ,


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C-. T R , ; x , . A - * , R , x , - C, ,

Pyrrhonism. Locke C- , aith species ; ; , , , -, , . T Bayle , M. Locke: A , -

, A S .A - , I .

D , Philo, x Lord Bacon ? T , Cleanthes, A: A . T

* Monsr. Huet

I , . T , , , .O , - -. M ; , , -

. T Copernican x, , , : q . A Philo, x -, , , , , ?

A , , Demea, . A , C, , , , , q. A - ;


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Stoics, Platonists, Peripatetics, Pyr-rhonians Academics. I , .T, , ; , , , .

I , Cleanthes,

, ; - x. A, , , , , A, L, F .

, Philo. B I -, , David , G, , A ; G, , -. S , -, , , .

B ,I , - . I , . D , , , A, D, , - q , q . E

, q , - . B , -, , , - , ,


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PART II.

I , Cleanthes, Demea, ,

. B -,

B G, A I; - . B , I , q . N , , I , -. T q BEING, NAURE GOD. T, I , - , - . T M, , x,

; , B, . F,, , ; , , , , , . T . I . A, x


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A , Demea, Philo, , , , x .B , , q Being,

Nature, D. T , , q -. N x ; (

) God; . W , , , , , . B , B, -. Wisdom, Tought, Design, Knowledge; ; ,

x . B , , q . H ; , .

I , Cleanthes, ,

x, , .

B piety philosophy, I , , . I , , C-, - : B I , ,

q . I FMalebranche, , I , x *.O , , G , x , . H B : O . B , , , Anthropomorphites, - ; , G ,

, . W , .... , : T , He that is; , ,B , A B, B .

* Recherche de la Verite. Liv. 3. Chap.9


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riori, , x D, .

I , Cleanthes, Demea, , , I D ; I . W! N B G! N ! N a priori!A , , , ? C x ? I D:B , , A, .

W I , Philo, Clean-thes x,

. T , , , ; -, -. T x ; . B , , , ;

, . O x. W x- . I - . Y .A ( I ) -, S B.

N , Clean-thes, Demea, Philo; I x I . L : - : Y , , x. A , , . T

, , - x, x, ; , , , . S, , , , , ; A N , , x. B a poste-


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, ; .H -; , I , , ; ,, -?

G G! Demea, ,

? Z , D ! A , Philo, I D N, x Cleanthes? F I ? , , , , Pamphilus?

Y , Philo, I Cleanthes ; , q , . B , I , Cleanthes a posteriori; , , . N, I , , Clean-thes, I -; I , .

, . A x , itius Maevius. B , , , , . T , x ; ,

, , x, .

I , Cleanthes, , , ; x- . B , , , -. T , , ,

; , I .

I , Clean-thes; I , I , D . B - ? T ? T, , ? S


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, xq , , , , -. T q . B, x, , ( Clean-thes), . T - , ; .S, , , , . B , , , x , . Ex, -, , , . F . T -, . T ,, .

I , I , , , D

; S B T . W , , Demea, I D N, Cleanthes, I .

W Cleanthes , Philo, , .

W , , , , . F - , q ; ,

q .

A; , , , , . H ; . T ; q , . Ex .

N, , Demea, , ( , , Cleanthes,) , , , ; x -. F a priori, , ; -, ,


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, , , , , . I , , , .B , , ? D - ? F ,

? W -, , - ?

B, operations , origin , ( ,) , , , ? W thought, -

? O - ; - .

S , Philo, - , I , . I ,

T , Cleanthes, , x; x - , ; I . B ,I , x x .U x , - . E ; q x , - . A ,, , , , - ; x q: A q , x , , -. T ,

, , , , .

B , Cleanthes, , ,, , , , , ?T, , ,


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, , , .

A , , ; ?

A ! S, , , , , , , ,

; , .B ? I ? I ? I , ?

A , Cleanthes, I Simonides, , , Hiero, What God was?

, ; , ? C , I , I did not know, ? Y , : , , , I x

, , , ? W x - , ? A , -, , , - ?T , , .

B , , , - , ; I , , , , x -, . B, , ,

; - , . N, , x, - , . A


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C , . H , , ? H ...

Y! P, , . I , ? I V , ? A , ,

? A , , ? A , J S, ? T , I , Copernican ; -, .

I , Cleanthes, , q-, , x . I - , , .B Galilo D - , , , x, ,

, , . W species - , I iner, , x I see x ; I x. B , , , , , , , x. A

, , x ? , q x ; , , ...

Philo , , , Clean-thes, .W I , Cleanthes,

, x . Y , x, q- x; , reason , x. x , , . A


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PART III

H , Cleanthes, ,

q ! A , Philo, C

; , , , ? , T N A; - -? T , ; q , -? Y , I ,

; , , x, , - .

S, , , : S, x , : S-,

. T , - , ; , -, , ; q . B Galilo,

, ; x ,

, , q, , , , q , &. A , , x; x .

I , , Cleanthes; , x

q. C , ? H ? H ; , ? I , x-, .


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, .S x : , , , .A q, , Iliad neid .

S, , , , xq ; - , , ? W ; x, , ; , ; , , ; , , , ; -

? Y , I, : - .

B , Philo, , . T Livy acitus;

, B, : C ? ? Y I - ( ) T, -.

M , x: , , - : x , , x, x- , , : q, , , - , , , ? Y

, I , .

B , I , . S , , , ; -,


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, , N?M ; , . , -, , ?

S , , , , , . A T , , ; , , - . W , , , , .

I , I , - ; , q . W ?F . A ?F their? A , -; . B ,

, x , - . C, , , Philo, ; , .

L , Cleanthes,

, , q , . x , . T , , ; ; , - , , . N N R ; , .

C, ; -; , , . T ,, ; q , , , , , I. W , , ,


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, Plotinus, x , D; , , , , ; -, x- . T , , ; , , - D , , -

, .

A sentiments , ,, , , , , , -, , - , x -. I , , x, - ; . A ideas,

, ; : A , x , - , , materials . N, manner ; - , ?

: ,q , . Y : Y : , x- , , .

H I , Hermippus, Philo

: B , , Demea , .

Y , Cleanthes, , , , , I , : ; -, D, q ?W I , I : I , , ;

. B D. H .H , . A x , .

T Platonists, , P ;


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O , , , , ; -, , . A ( ) , S B, , , , -;

D .


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PART VI.

I , Cleanthes, , Demea, ,

, D,

.T D, I , : B , , , q, , I . I , , ? O Mystics, D, S A, , ?T , , -

, I ,( I ,) , -, : A - , G D; q .

W , Demea, Clean-thes, Cleanthes,


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, : , , ; , , , .

I , Cleanthes, S B, x x ,

Mystics, q I . T , ,Atheists, . F , D , . A , ;, , , , , , , , ; , , . I ;

x , .

P , Philo, . Y - Atheist , x , , ; , -, , , T . B A, , I , , C T

x ;, q , , ? O , , Anthropomorphite - , q, Mystic, ? I , Cleanthes, D . W ? A - , , , ; ,, , . W , , , ; , - . N , , , , , .H

T D? B , , , , : H , , : H ; - . N , , q, . W . A , , , , . H x


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, , ; , q -. W .O ; . L x, , . N , , ;

, x . N x . A , , , , , , ; , , , . A , - , .

H, , B A N, , A-, , ?H , ? B , ; ? ? H in innitum? A, ,

, , , ?

B I , I , , A, ; , D , ,

, x.

I , I , -, Reason

Experience. W , , .

IReason (I , q- a priori) q , , T ,

, q , , ; , , q . F , ?I , ; , .

A, Experience - ,


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? A q , , ? T . I , , q , - . N , x .

I Peripatetics, ,Cleanthes, , aculties occult quali-ties; , , , . B , ; , , , . I , , S B; ,

A, rational , D? B q , , . I , such , . T ;

? L I . I . I , ; , .I , , . B , G; D B, .

W , x q .

, S B, , , - . I , I , , - . C , ?

W , , x , known . B, I , x ; , -, x . W x - ; , .W, , ,


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. I I , x ,I , , , -, , . N x , x; x

, . A , , , x , ; .

, x .

Y -, Cleanthes: Y . E , I , , Philo, I , q ? A

? , ; , , x . T , , ; . T : T N C. Y , , . Y ,

, : Y , ? I ; I ; . I D; I q. L , .

I , Philo: A , I ; I , I , , ,


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PART V.

B , Philo, A,

. Like eects prove like causes.

T x ; , , . N, ,

,

, .

E -

, x . Y

; -

q.

A ,

N, D, T; ,

x T,

,

-

. F, Lucretius*,

, x,

* Lib. II. 1094


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.A, a mind like the human, Philo. I , Cleanthes.A , Philo. , Clean-thes.

N, Cleanthes, Philo, , q. First, B , D. F,

, , , ; , , D B? Y , , , , x.

Secondly, Y , , D, -, , , , . T x- N, , a priori, , , - , . B - , ; , . A , , , , , ,

Q , q I ?Q ? I ?O q ?

I ully* , Epicurean: Quibus enim oculisanimi intueri potuit vester Plato abricam illam tanti operis,qua construi a Deo atque aedicari mundum acit? quae moli-

tio? quae erramenta? qui vectes? quae machinae? qui min-istri tanti muneris uerunt? quemadmodum autem obedire et

parere voluntati architecti aer, ignis, aqua, terra potuerunt?I , I , , , N , ? I x .

T , , ,

, , . T , , x .

A , -, ? ---- T , Cleanthes; . I

* De. nat. Deor. Lib. I


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. B , , x , , , , x. A , , x , , !

, - : . W , q- ; -, I , ( ,) x. B q, W , , ? W ,

, , q ; , , . A q x , . A - , ,

, . C , neid , , , , ?

B , , x . I

, x - , , ? A , , , , , , , , , , , ? M , , ; , ; , -. I , ,

; , , , ?

A , Philo, , , D? A , , -; ? T -


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: ; , , . Y , Demea, ; , , Clean-thes , . F - D , .A I , ,

, , .

T I , Clean-thes: , , , . O , , I, , , -, . I ; I .

, x , .

B , Cleanthes: , ; . T x , Milton, . W -, , , x ? B, ,

.A A?

W , , , , , &.? Epicurus -, ; . A , Cicero, , , -.

I , Cleanthes, , ,

, , : -; x .T , , -, ; , - , : , ;


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PART VI.

I , , Demea, . W

; , x,

, , , ? W ? W - ? : q, , , .

, Philo, , q Cleanthes. T

: -. B , , x-; , . T, , , .T, , , , , , ,


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T , , , .N , x, ; , , . M , : , , , ,

, , : x ; , , , , .

H, , Anthropomorphism,Cleanthes, ; . Y , , systematical prejudices, ,

, , , , . B vulgar prejudice, , , , ; x, q. A , x q -, x ;

. I , , .

N, , , , . A :

: : , , . T , ,I , ; D SOUL , , .

Y , Cleanthes, , , , T q, . F , , ,

G; , .A , , , , , x , - .


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, -, , , , ; , x, x. A - ;

, , . N, P, Latin, , ; , W , -, Greek , Constantinople. W - x,

; , . T ,, , .

B . Lucullus - Asia Europe; European ,

, M, , DN.

T , I , Cleanthes, , ; I , x -, .Y

, , Philo: I x , I , . H, , .

W , Cleanthes, , , , , ; : ; ; . I , -

, .

B, x , ; , , I , -. I , , I, . T, ,


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. A , ; - , - . T , , ; , , , x, ; . W , ; , . A I , I , I , - . T ; , , ,

, . H , -, ? A . C , , . E , . A , , , , .

. I , - , European Asia, ? O , ? E , , ; - Greece,Spain, Italy, -

.

I - France, . I , , , , , , America. I , , Columbus, Europe -? W , , . A

, , ; . N - European - W .

A -? Philo. S ,


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PART VII.

B , Philo, x , ,

, , , , , ,

. I , , , , . Y , , .

P , Demea, I x .

O Cleanthes, Philo, , , q x, x D . T , , ; - . H , , , , ,

I , , , .

W PT, , H, 30,000 , : ,Cleanthes, ;

, , , . P , x- , . A , , S, P, T, , , , . Y .


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O , ( I -), ; : , , , , ; ... I - , Demea: B , - ! W data x? A , ? O, , ?

R, Philo: T I . I , data . O x, , x , - . B x ; , ,

? I - ? A , , , - , ?

B ? Demea. C x , ?

Cleanthes ; , , . B , I , ( -) , , , . T . T , -. I , , , . T . T , , , .

B , Demea, -?

V , Philo. I

, ; , , - , , , , . A , , ; , , , , .


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, ; , , , ,Nature, , x. T x; , -, ; , x, , , ,

, Cleanthes .

B , Demea, - q, , . F ? O ?

Y , Philo, - q. A , ; ; ; q , . , , q; , a priori, , ,

A , , Philo, Cleanthes x , - it. B q, I , I , ; .T , , , , , ; , , .

I , Demea, x, , x . I , ,Reason, Instinct, Generation, Vegetation, , . W x ,

, , x ? A , ( ,) ; .W , x: B ,


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, . T ,I , ; . T , Cleanthes, - ; , . T q , - . A my- , , I ; I , ,

, . I x, . R, , , .

Hesiod, , , x , -. Plato , , imus.

T Brahmins , , , , , . H , ; - , . B , . A

; , , .

B , Demea; Cleanthes, . W I q ; ,

q . We must stop somewhere, ;nor is it ever within the reach o human capacity to explainultimate causes, or show the last connections o any objects. It issufcient, i any steps, so ar as we go, are supported by experi-ence and observation. N, , , x , . I I , , .T . A Clean-thes , I q

. T q ; .J x, - : , .

C, I , q . T , I, ;


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PART VIII.

W , Philo,

. I , ,

; , , , . B q , ; x . W , I I , , , , , , .

F , I Epicu-

rean ? T , I , -; I , , -. I , Epicurus, . A : , , . T

, ( ,) , x Cleanthes. W , .

I , Philo, Cleanthes,

, , - , , , , . S , I - , , --- : I , , .A I q , , , , -: , ; , , .


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A , Philo, , , - . I , , , , ? T ; . T ,, , ; , , , , , . B , , , , - , , -, . A , ; ; ;

; . A ; , , . I , q , -;

, , , , , , -. N , -, , -.

B , Demea, q, .

A , Philo, ? E , x, q - ; , x-, q . M, , , , , , : , , , ; . T a priori .

B, , , , ? A , . A , , , , , x . T , , , .


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T - . B , ( ), , ? T . E , ;

, , . M , , ; - ? L , , , , , , .

I , , ,

. I , -, ? D , , ? I , , : , ? M , , ,

, . I , ; , , - .

S ( x-), ,

, ; , , , , , - , , -. I , -, , - . B , , , , -

, . N -. T , , . E , . I , , , - - .


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I . B - x ?O , x, - x N? Y , Anthropomorphism, - x. L . I , , , , x : Y , . I , ,x q . N ; , q : B - x. T ,

, , ( - , , , ); , I , , , , -. F x.

, ?

I , Cleanthes, , , . H x , x. N , , , q :

, , - ; , - , . B , ? , , . H , , , , , - . I Arica Arabia, ? I

, x? T x N , ; - , , .

A , , Philo, ,


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PART IX.

B a pos-teriori, Demea,

a priori, , ,

? B , , INFINIY D , , I , . F , , , , ; , I , ? T D N, , , ; , , . W a priori...

Y , Demea, Cleanthes, . B , , ; , , useulq, .

T , Demea, I , . W x

A , , . E ; , x , , . B , , Sceptic; , -: F , . A

. A , , , T, ; , , , , x , , , ?


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x, x . T ,q, B; , D.

I Philo, Cleanthes, I , . I -, q , I

.I ,

, a priori. N -, . N-, , .W x, -x. T , , -x . Cq , x . I ,

.I D x

; x x , , x, . B - , . I , , -x

x; , x-

. I , , , , - ;

, necessarilyx: N, , .I ,

x ;

, , ; q ,

x . T q , x , , -

. I x , q ; N x

, . W , ,

S x N, , x ?External causes, . Chance

. W Nothing? B . W , , x B, REASON

x ,


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, .

A , , q . H , x , , , x?

I , , ,

, . W ? B WHOLE, , . I , , - , - , , .D I , I , , . T x

x .T ,

Cleanthes, x , Philo, - , I . I , 9, 9, 9, . T, 18, 27, 36, 9, 9

x; - ; - . T , , necessaryexistence, ; , , .

B , x B,

x ? W q ; , q, , , -x - . I , - x B: . A , *, conceived ; conceived . S , ,

. B , x q D, ; -x, . I , q, -x , : A , q . A

* Dr. Clarke


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x ; , .

1 8, 2 7, 3 6. T, 369 9; 3, 6, 9, 18, 9. , : , , . I , I , ,

? A , , , , ? S - q! !

B , Philo, , I , a priori

, x , , , , q , , , - . O , , - ,


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PART X.

I , I , Demea, , , , , , , B, . S x , . W , , , , , , , x, f

. W ! , , -?

I , Philo, , , . A q q . F ? I , , .


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T x , Philo: Leibnitz ; [T Dr. King L-; German] x ; , .

A , Demea,

? F ? A ( ), , ?

A , , x- ? T , , Philo, . A . N, ,, : F, x-

, , . T - : W, , , : .

O , Philo, N, .T , - x. T , ,

T , , Demea,

. T

; ;

; ,

, ; -

. A

x?

I , Philo,

; , sacred pro-ane,

q

. T , , -

,

, . F Homer

Dr. Young,

,

.

A , Demea,

. L Cleanthes. I - , , x ,

,

,

, ,

, x -

. A , ;

, I ,

x .


54/82

102 103


? W ? M .O, , , , , -, , , , ; - ; , , .

B x , Demea,

, , , , , , . H ? H .

I , -,D , ,

A - , ,M, - .D , : DESPAIR

, .

A DEAH S: ,

W , .

T , Demea, , x.R, , , , , x,, , ; ? H ? L

, x x. C , ,, , x . T , . A , , , , - .

M , Demea, , , x- . F , , , , .

O , , Philo, q x N .M, , , , real, : imaginary, , , ? H

, , , , : : x : , , . N , x .

B, , Demea: T , , ;


55/82

104 105


T , I, . W , x.

I , , , - . ---- A , I , ? I ? , ,

, , ?

L , , . T .---- N! I: x ;, x, , -.

I , Cleanthes: I I ,

.I , Demea, I

. O, - , . L , , CharlesV, , , x . I ,

, , ; , , . A ; ; ( ?) ( ?) .

W , I , , , , , , , , . , ; I ? , , ? H , I .

T , Philo, , . W , I , , ? ---- T , : , , x ---- A , I , , ?

B , , ?...

N , .


56/82

106 107


, , , , ? H : x: : . H : H : B N : . T

, . I , , ?

EPICURUS q .

I , ? . I , ? -. I ? ?

Y , Cleanthes ( I ), - N. B , I ,

, ? T , . I , , - . N : , : : , . A ,

, that the greatest prosperities which he hadever enjoyed, had been mixed with so many adversities, that hemight truly say he had never enjoyed any satisaction or con-tentment. B , , ? I , .

Cicero , ,

; , , ? A x, Cato, , Cato, , , .

A , q, . N! x , , :

A , W .

T ( , ), - , .

A , Cleanthes, Philo, , , , A-, D, -


57/82

108 109


Y , Demea, - , , : , , A . H , ; , I, ?

T ; . T , , , x. A , , ; -, D, .

N! Cleanthes, N! T - , , - . W

? W ? , ; , -, ; , , .

T D , I , . Y

.

O , ,

, , -

.

B , ,

, , , , ,

-

? M, , , , -, : , ,

, , . H

D ,

A? N M,

,

x , , -

, .

A , Cleanthes ,

, Philo? Y

Demea ; I .

A I , -

-

. I ,

,

. F -

D, -

?


58/82

110 111


. W! x , , - x , , , x, , ! B x: I . N -

; , , , : A, , , , -, , q -.

B , , , , , x , : F , ,

x , , . W ? N . F . I D? B . I ? B . N , , , ; x , x , ; I

x; ; x. H ; ; - . A x , , , .

A , Philo, x , , q ,

. O - , , -; , , , ? P, , ; . T , x, , q . B , G, ! ; , . P x, ,

, , , , , , .

B , Philo, , , ; I , Cleanthes, ,


59/82

112 113


, x-.

, , , .

B I , I . I , compatible D, : W ? A

. Y prove , x, - x , . A !W x, , . H , !

H, Cleanthes, I -. H I . F, - ,I . I , , , , - ( I ) ; . B , , , , , , - , . I


60/82

114 115


PART XI.

I , Cleanthes, I q in-

nite, , ; -

, , , x. T , admirable, excellent,superlatively great, wise, holy; ; , , . T, , , , Demea, I , . I ,

x ; .B A N , x , , - x . A , ; , ; , , ,


61/82

116 117


, , ; , . H -; , , . T x , ,

. Y , , , .

D I , ; , , , , , - , , ,, , x ; , - x. T

, , , . W : T , , . B , , , , , - . H ,

, .Y, PHILO, , , , I , , , ; , , -, .

M , Philo, ; , , I

. I , I , , , q , , , , B, , , , beorehand x; , , , , . S , ,

B; , , ; , ; , , , . B , , , -


62/82

118 119


, . N -; , .

T rst , , , , x -

, -. N , , .A : , , , ; , , .M ; . I , ,

. W ? I , x ; q - , , , . S , - , ? ?

, - . I - , , , .

I , I q: I , - , , , , , beore-hand, x , ,

D? I .A I , , -, D, x. T , . C, x D -, , .

T our, , , -; . W , , , , , , ; , , . A , -, , , , - . N, I


63/82

120 121


, ; , , , , , -. S Caligula , rajan.O , , Csar , . T

, , P ; ; , x, save D , establish .

I - , , , ; ,

third, I , viz. . S , , , - , x .E q ; ,

B , second, viz. - ; B. I , , , . B - ? I , D x , ; , , ?

B, , , - , , x , , , x-. H , , - , , -; , ,

. A , , , , , , , . A , , . G . P , -. A ,


64/82

122 123


x , , . A , .

I , I q , - , x, ,

; I . I - . L ; ; . L q ; q, , . A , , ; ,

, x , , , x x- , ; , . B , , N , x, ;

. W , - . A x . T , . T , x , , ; , , - , , ,x . I, x ; , rigid master, . Aindulgent parent , , - . E ,

, , . S , , ; . T A N - : , - x: , , . I ,


65/82

124 125


B , , , , , ; , , , , x . O , ; , x.T, q

, : , , ? R : ? x? H q ; -. O x : . W , , , , ? B

, ? T , q , x ; N , q , . T ; - .

O , , our, . W

, . S , - ; , , , . H , . I q , , ; , N; x ; q, , . B ; I , , , ... ,

.Tourth ,

, . I , -, , . T ; , .


66/82

126 127


, .

L . W - , , !Y . B x, . H ! H

! H !T N, , , , !

H Manichan : , , , , x .B , , -

, . T : N , , , ? T , S -; ,

, - , : , q; - ; .W ? S , ? T . L . L , , D (I ) - a priori, , , ; , , . B , - ,

, , , , . I S , -, , - ; . S S, -


67/82

128 129


tum, , ...

H! ! Demea: W - ? I , D B, Cleanthes, - . B I -

, . A , , - Cleanthes ?

A ? Clean-thes. B , Demea, Philo, , x; , . T , - D N, , ;

, , x . I , , ; , , , . B -...

B , Philo, . T

, , .

T our : that ; that ; that , ; that . Mx x ;

. T , , .

W I , ; , S B , . N, , x , ; , ,

.B ,

- , , A, . Y , . B , , in inni-


68/82

130 131


PART XII.

A Demea , Cleanthes Philo - .O

, I , Cleanthes, - ,

; , Philo, I - . Y , , , ; - , , .

I , Philo, I N R ; I I , , ;

, I , I , . Y, , Cleanthes, I ; , - , -, , DB, , x . A , ,

. F , , x . B , , , ; , , , , . W , ;

-. B , q, , x. T ( ) I S.

T Philo -, . B I Demea ; ,

, .


69/82

132 133


284: T , . W , !B , , , ,, ; , !T , : B , -

, ; , , . A , -, x , - N . A - Galen, , , , SI!

C I (, I G, ), I : S G, , x, N? W D B , ; , ; , -

, , ; , . TNature does nothingin vain, x , N, ; , , , , . O C-

x, Tat Nature acts by the simplestmethods, and chooses the most proper means to any end; , , . T - : A A; , .

I I Galen . T , *, 600 ; -

, , , ,N -, ; , , - , , , , : S , , 6000 - x. T

* De ormatione oetus


70/82

134 135


:B , , , , I - .

S , Philo, I , I

, . T N - , ; , , - , -. B , ; , , . H x DEIY : q, , -

, mind intelligence, - ; ? N - : q- . F q, , : A GOD DEIY,

-; ? N, , , ; , , : H , , , !

I , Cleanthes, , - T, , , x . T , , N, , -. W ,

: I ; , , . B, , . A , , , ,


71/82

136 137


, - human divine: T , -, : H , . I x A, , I , , ; I , , , N, ; , , , - :I : H . H , I - ; I , , , , , ,

, . H- , . W , I , ? TT , : T A , . W q, G, , , , q ? I

x; MIND HOUGH, ?

A , q; , , ,

. B , , , , , - , . T - q . M , Hannibal , , , Cleopatra , Livy hucydides , - . T

, , vice versa; , : B q , q , x -, .T T , q , , , , q. I T, ,


72/82

138 139


T, Cleanthes, ; , , I . B - , -; I , I , - , , . A , , - , q .

M , Cleanthes, , I , . R, , . T , . F , ; x ?

H , Philo, - ,

q ? F, , , , , ; q . I , . A

is, that the Sceptic, rom habit, caprice, or inclination, insists most on thediculties; the Dogmatist, or like reasons, on the necessity.

, I - ; T, , x- S B, , , , , ; A, , N, , , . C , ; ,, , .

A I , Cleanthes, N , , , D , . B q? N , q . F, S B , ,

. *

* It seems evident that the dispute between the Skeptics and Dogmatists isentirely verbal, or at least regards only the degrees o doubt and assurancewhich we ought to indulge with regard to all reasoning; and such disputesare commonly, at the bottom, verbal, and admit not o any precise deter-mination. No philosophical Dogmatist denies that there are dicultiesboth with regard to the senses and to all science, and that these dicultiesare in a regular, logical method, absolutely insolvable. No Skeptic deniesthat we lie under an absolute necessity, notwithstanding these dicul-ties, o thinking, and believing, and reasoning, with regard to all kinds osubjects, and even o requently assenting with condence and security.Te only diference, then, between these sects, i they merit that name,


73/82

140 141


; -. I , x, , . A - ; , -: , , - ;

. T , , , : , , , ; .

A : I ; , : I -. W x ,

x, , - ? T ; , , , - . A , , , ,

, .

T , Cleanthes, . T , , , , ; , -, ,

. W , , , .

A , Philo, x - . Y . T , , - . C, I , , . W , ( ); , - . Y , , -, , , -


74/82

142 143


, . M x , , , : A ; . H , , , .

T , , ; , . T .

T , x - , , .A , .

T, ; - , .

I x -, ; , , asces axes ? B , x

, ?

W , , , ; , , - D . T

D , , . W q, , . A , , Egyptian Gre-cian , x , ; D , .

B ;

, - , , - q, x - .

S , , - ; ,


75/82

144 145


O q ; q . I -, , , . C- - ; Q . I , Polybius* Greek Epicu-rean : I , P I ; - . N G E -; Euripides, I , , .

, Philo, Cleanthes, :

: - . F , , ; -. T , , T, B -

* Lib. vi. cap. 54. Iphigenia in auride

. T , , . A , x , , , - , ? W , , ,

, , , , q ? E x .I , , q, , , , , . I , x, , ;

x , q, ,, .

, I , -q: , ; I T, , , , -, .


76/82

146 147


.

I , - , , . T - . F ,

N, ; - Cerberus F; , .

I , ; , , , . B -, , , ; , . W ,

- , f.I , , , , , , , x . B , ,

, , ; -; , , x , , , . Nx B ( ), , .

T , Philo, ; , . B , , , -, , .

I , - . I , ?

B , f, , Cleanthes. S, Philo: , , - , . A, - ; , x x- D,


77/82

148 149


I , , , , -. Y . C, D ; , x - ! A D B , ,

. N avour, , T-, , -, D : A compassion indulgence S, q , , , , , x .

I N T, , ,

, , Tatthe cause or causes o order in the universe probably bear someremote analogy to human intelligence: I x, , x: I , : A , , , , , q

, , .

N , x, - , x , q ; q-. B , -

, . N , . A ; , .

I - -, ,

. S absurdity inconsistency. I D , , . I , , D , ; , , .

o know God, Seneca, is to worship him. A , , .


78/82

150 151


Cleanthes Philo : - , , I ,, , I , Philo Demea; Cleanthes .

FINIS

; , q, , , ,

, x ?S , ,

; -; ,

x q. B , Cleanthes, -

, x- H , , ,

, , , D . A ,

, : W D,

T- , , . -

S , , , C; I

Pamphilus: A I Cleanthes - - .


79/82

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