Freescale Smart Metering

Secure end-to-end solutions

freescale.com/smartenergy

Smart Energy

3

Smart Energy

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Freescale and Smart Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

MetrologyOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Electricity Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Low-End Electronic Single-Phase Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Mid-Level Electronic Prepaid Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Electronic Single-Phase Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Electronic Three-Phase Electricity Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Flow Meters: Gas and Water Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11–12Heat Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13–14

Home Energy Management SystemsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Freescale Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Home Area NetworkingOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16ZigBee Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Smart Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Grid-End ApplicationsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Data Aggregator/Concentrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Grid Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Grid Power Management and Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Digital Power Conversion and StorageOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Smart Grid StandardsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Wireless Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Renewable EnergySolar Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Wind Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-28

Reference DesignsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-31

Smart Grid StandardsOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Third-Party PartnersOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Smart Energy

Table of Contents

Smart Energy

4

Your Essential Source for Energy Applications The goal of a worldwide rollout of smart grids and smart meters is to provide energy efficiency throughout the entire networked infrastructure .

Freescale provides secure end-to-end solutions that support the entire smart grid including all points along the system, from transmission, distribution and substations, to energy delivery in and around the home .

Metrology

• Electricity meters• Gas and water flow meters• Heat meters

Communication

• Home area network (HAN)

Home energy management systems Smart appliancesPlug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)Renewable energyData aggregators/concentratorsGrid routersGrid power management and protection (relay, breaker, monitor)

5

Secure End-to-End Solutions

Freescale and Smart EnergyGovernments worldwide are mandating improved

energy efficiency, requiring an investment in the new

smart grid and smart energy management structure .

The goal is to create a smart grid that will change

the way power is deployed for sustainable energy

around the world . This document will address the

design challenges within the smart grid .

• Lowersystemcost:Requiredtoreduce

timetomarket,R&Dinvestmentand

BOM costs while adding features for smart

grid requirements

• Low(system)power:Musthaveefficient

metering code to enable energy calculations at

low processing speeds for meters supported

by capacitive supplies

• Datapreservationduringfailorbrownout

events:Low-power,real-timeclockwiththe

ability to switch to battery supply, on-chip

clock compensation, calendaring or an internal

clock if the external crystal fails

• Metertampering:Requirestheabilitytotime

stamp even if supply is disconnected due to

tampering

• Increasedmetercomplexityforsmart

metering communication, which requires more

GPIOsandserialcommunicationmodules

(I2C,SCIandSPI)

•Aggregateinformationfromindividualmeters

and communicate usage to utility sub via

power line communication in order to regulate

energy usage

Utility/NAN• Dataconcentrators/aggregators

P20x0

P10xx

MPC831x

MPC8308

• InterfacestoNAN

802 .15 .4g radio

WiMAX

PLMpartnership

• Interfacestoutility

• WiMAX

• GPRS

• DLM/COSEMlibrary

Metrology• Low-endmetering

LL/LH/AC

• Water,gasandheat

Gateway

• Smartsingle-tothree-phasemetering

EM256

Kinetis MK30

HAN• Smartenergygateway

P101x

MPC831x

MPC8308

i .MX28

• HANinterfaces

ZigBee®

Wi-Fi®

GPRS

M-Bus

HomePlugGreenPHY

• Appliancetechnology

8–32-bitMCUsandDSPs

Touch sensors

• RF4CE(wirelesscontrol)

Freescale Smart Grid and Metering Solutions: Overview

Utility

DataConcentrator(Aggregator)

Metrology EnergyGateway

Appliances

GPRSWiMAX

802.15.4gOFDMWiMAX

NAN

ZigBee®

Wi-Fi®

M-BusPLMHAN

ZigBee

Freescale Smart Grid and Metering Solutions: Overview

Smart Energy

6

Freescale Microcontrollers for Metering ApplicationsApplications Products Key Features

MeterMeasurement:

Single-Phase, Three Phase

Gas/WaterMeters

• MC9S08LG32,MC9S08LL16,MC9S08LL8,MC9RS08LA,MC9RS08LE

• MCF51EM256meteringMCUwith16-bitADC

• FlexisQE,FlexisAC• MC9S08QE8,MC9S08LL16,

MC9S08LL64,9S08LH64,9S08GW64

• PowermanagementunitIC:MC13892, MC33730

• Lowvoltage,lowpower,LCDcontroller,monophase meter

• Lowpowerconsumption,competitivepricepositioning

• LCDcontroller

• Lowpowerandcosteffective

• 16-bitADCanti-tamperdetection,dualflashbanks,iRTC,AMRSPI,SCI,

Anti-Tamper

UserInterface

AirFlow,LiquidLevel

• Accelerometers:MMA845xQ,

• Proximitysensors:MPR121,MPR03x

• Pressuresensors:MP3V5004,MPX12

• Powermanagement:MC34704

• PowermanagementunitIC:MC13892, MC33730

• Lowpowerconsumption,costeffective,reducedmechanical dimensions

MetrologyFreescale offers energy-efficient 8- and 32-bit microcontroller(MCU)solutionstoimplementsmart utility metering systems for electricity, gas, water and heat meters . Smart meter products, such as the MCF51EM256, have on-chip,high-accuracyADCaswellasarange of support functions to provide security and accuracy for the product with minimal external components . The MZ series includes MCUs that are customized for meters with the new standards for China’s smart grid . MZ series MCUs integrate analog-to-digital conversion(ADC)timers,upto69GPIOandmultiple communication interfaces to improve system accuracy and reduce BOM cost . Extremely low-power products, such as the MC9S08LL16andMC9S08GW64,areidealfor flow meter applications because they consume very little power, ensuring extremely long(over15years)batterylife.

Available Metering Reference Designs

Sin

gle

-Pha

seT

hree

-Pha

se

Single-Phase/Three-Phase

MeterMCF51EM256

Integrated AFE

Cost-Effective Meter

9S08LH64Integrated

AFE

Single-PhaseMeter

MCF51EM256Integrated

AFE


9S08LL/LG32


9S08LA8


9RS08KA8

SimulationDEMOEM

MCF51EM256

China State-Grid

Spec Meter MZ Family

Available Metering Reference Designs

Freescale Microcontrollers for Metering Applications

7


Electricity MetersAn electricity meter, or energy meter as it is

sometimes called, is a device that measures the

amount of electrical energy which is consumed

by a residence, business or an electrically

powered device .

There are many different types of electricity

meters, such as electro-mechanical, stand-alone

meters with pre-payment capabilities, smart

meterswithautomaticmeterreading(AMR)

connectivity, which allows utility companies to

read meters remotely, and advanced smart

meters which have a bi-directional connectivity

feature that allows customers to receive tariff

information from the utility companies .

Electricity meters also differ in voltage and

current ranges, as well as measuring single-

phase, two-phase and three-phase electricity .

Freescale provides a solution for the various

types of electricity meters, from the very low-end

meter to an advanced smart electricity meter

with two-way communication capabilities .

Low-End Electronic Single-Phase Electricity MeterLow-endelectronicmetersrelyonmicrocontrollers to measure, process, log, display and protect measurement data . Often these meters use a stand-alone analog front end to condition and measure the power supplied on the electric line . Once the measurement is taken, the MCU stores the reading and updates the segment LCDdisplay.

8-bit Microcontrollers

Products

RS08KA:8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily

RS08LA:RS08cost-effectiveMCUswithLCDdriver

S08LG:S08LG32andS08LG168-bitLCDmicrocontrollers

S08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller

S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers

Solution Advantages

•TheRS08KAisanintegratedADC,cost-

effective MCU•TheRS08LAisacost-effectiveMCUwithLCDdrivers

•TheS08LGisanintegrated8-bitMCUwithLCDcontrolforupto296segments

•TheS08LLisourultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextendedbatterylifeapplications

•TheS08QEisahighlyintegrated,pin-compatible 8-bit and 32-bit device duo

Low-End Electronic Type


Smart Energy

8

Mid-Level Electronic Prepaid Electricity MeterMid-level prepaid electronic meters rely on microcontrollers to measure, process, log, display and protect system data . When the measurement is taken, the MCU stores the reading, checks and updates the customer’s current balance and displays the information on thesegmentLCDdisplay.Prepaidmetersalsohave a special payment module which allows a customer to purchase additional power .

Solution Advantages

• MK30MCUbasedontheARM® Cortex™-M4corewithintegrated2xADC,plusprogrammablegainamplifier,LCD controller and touch sensing capabilities to implement keypad functionality

• TheS08GWisanintegratedMCUwith2xADC,tamperdetectionandLCDcontroller

• TheS08LGisanintegrated5-voltMCUwithLCDdriverforupto296segments

• TheS08LLisourultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextendedbatterylifeapplications

• TheS08QEisahighlyintegrated,pin-compatible 8-bit and 32-bit device duo

• TheMC13202isacompletepacketmodemto implement 802 .15 .4 applications

• TheMC13224Platform-in-a-Package solution requires only an external antenna to implement ZigBee applications

Pictured:Low-endmeterreference design with 9S08LGmicro


Products



S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers

S08GW:S08ultra-low-powermicrocontroller

MK30:KinetismicrocontrollerbasedontheCortex-M4core

RF Low Power

Products

MC13202:2.4GHzRFtransceiverfor802.15.4applications

MC13224V:MC1322xPlatform-in-a-Package

Mid-Level Electronic Prepaid Type

8- and 32-bit Microcontrollers

RF Low Power

9


Electronic Single-Phase Electricity Meter (Integrated Electronic Type)IntegratedelectronicmetersreducethenumberofICsusedinthesystembyusinghighly integrated MCU solutions . These MCUs often measure the power, process the measurement data, directly drive the segment LCDdisplayandhandlecommunicationfortheAMInetwork.

Solution Advantages

• TheMK30MCUbasedontheARMCortex-M4 core with integrated2xADC,plus programmable gain amplifier and LCDcontrollertohelpimplement accurate metering functionality for active and

reactiveenergy,satisfyingIEC50470-3classB,1%.ThisdevicecanalsosupportPLCand wireless communication .

• TheS08LLisanultra-low-powerMCUwith LCDcontrolforextendedbatterylifeapplications

• TheS08GWisanintegratedMCUwith2xADC,tamperdetectionandLCDcontroller

• TheMMA766xaccelerometerfeaturesdigitaloutput(I2C/SPI)withverylowpowerconsumption.Itisalowprofilecapacitiveaccelerometer with signal conditioning, a low-pass filter, temperature compensation, self-test, configurable to detect 0g, pulse detect for quick motion detection and requires no external devices .

•TheMMA8491Qisalow-voltage,three-axistiltsensorhousedina3x3QFNpackage.Todetect tilt, the outputs of the internal X, Y and

Z capacitive micro-machined accelerometer are acquired, filtered, compensated for zero-g offset and gain errors, and compared to an internal value

of0.688g(42.5degoneachaxis).Thestateof the comparison for each axis is output as three discrete signals on individual pads


Products

MK30:KinetismicrocontrollerbasedontheARMCortex-M4corewithMQX™RTOS


S08GW:S08ultra-lowpower,2xADC,tamperdetectionandLCDcontroller

S08LH:S08,1xADCandLCDcontroller

8- and 32-bit Microcontrollers

Integrated Electronic Type

Acceleration

Products

MMA7660FC:Three-axisdigitaloutputaccelerometer

MMA8453Q:Three-axis,12-bitdigitalaccelerometer

Acceleration

Smart Energy

10

Electronic Three-Phase Electricity MeterPolyphase electricity meters are used in residential and commercial metering applications . Smart polyphase electricity meters form a key part of implementing the smart grid . These meters measure energy(active,reactiveandapparent),haveflash upgrade, connectivity and security features, which include tamper detection . The polyphase meter featured on this page meetsIEC0.5percent15/100and10(60)Aspecifications .

Solution Advantages

• MCF51EMisoptimizedforsmartmeterapplications

• IntegratedADC,tamperdetection,iRTC,dual-bank flash functionalities

• Comprehensivepolyphasemeterreferencedesign contains all of the necessary hardware and software to make the development of production smart meters

quick and easy

Pictured:Polyphaseelectricity meter reference design using MCF51EM256

Polyphase Electricity Meter Diagram

MCU

LCDEEPROM

SignalConditioningTransducer

Line1, 2, 3

x3

Neutral

RS-485Driver

Freescale Technology Optional

PowerSupply

Opto-CouplerIEC1107

RTC

ADC RF

PLM

OpticalCommunication

ModulesLCD Driver

32-bit Microcontrollers and Processors

Products Key Features

MCF51EM:MCF51EM25632-bitMCUforsmartmeterapplications

• Smartmeter-on-a-chip32-bitColdFireV1 MCUwithembeddedLCDcontroller,16-bitADCand metrology-specific peripherals

RF Low Power


MC13224V:MC1322xPlatform-in-a-Package• Platform-in-a-Packageneedsonlyexternal

antenna to implement ZigBee application

Digital Signal ControllersProducts Key Features

56F802X:Digitalsignalprocessor • DigitalsignalcontrollerinPLM


RF Low Power

Digital Signal Controllers

Polyphase Electricity Meter Diagram

11


FlowMeters:Gas and Water MetersGas flow meters are devices designed to measure the volume of natural gas or water at a specific time or over a prolonged period . The measurement is then displayed via low-power segmentLCDsoftendrivenbysegmentLCDdrivers on a MCU .

AdvancedgasflowmetersincorporateRFcommunication interfaces for connecting one-wayortwo-wayRFmeterreadingsystems.

The latest trend in metering is to use advanced accelerometers to detect small degrees of movement and record in the event of tampering .

Important Design Parameters

• Costofthedevicesinthesystem• Reliabilityofthedevicesinthesystemdue

to harsh outdoor environments• Batterylifeofthesystem>10years• Securitytoguardagainsttampering• Communicationinterfacerequirements• Abilitytoexpandandupdatethesystemin

the field

Solution Advantages

• SystemMCUisresponsibleforprocessing the data from the flow sensor, tamper sensor and communication interface . Once the MCU processes the information, it outputs the corresponding data to the segmentLCDdisplayandcommunicationinterface

• 9S08LLand9S08GWarefeature-rich

Acceleration


MMA7660FC: Three-axis digital output accelerometer • Accelerometerfortamperdetection

MMA8453Q: Three-axis, 12-bit digital accelerometer • Accelerometerfortamperdetection



RS08KA:8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • IntegratedADC,cost-effectiveMCU

RS08LA:RS08cost-effectiveMCUswithLCDdriver • Cost-effectiveMCUwithLCDdrivers

RS08LE:8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • Microcontroller


• Integrated8-bitMCUwithLCDcontrolforupto296 segments


• Ultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextended battery life applications

S08GW:S08ultra-low-power,ADC,LCDmicrocontroller• Ultra-low-powerMCUwith2xADC,pulsecounter

andLCDcontrollerforextendedbatterylifeapplications

S08QB:Ultra-low-power8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • Cost-effectiveintegrated5VMCU

S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers• Highlyintegrated,pin-compatible8-bitand

32-bit device duo


Acceleration

Flow Meter Block Diagram

Smart Energy

12

• On-boardpulsecounter,ADC,RTC, ultra-low-power MCUs ensure long battery life

• TheMMA7455xaccelerometerfeaturesdigitaloutput(I2C)withverylowpower.Lowprofilecapacitivemicro-machinedaccelerometer with a low-pass filter, compensation for 0g offset and gain errors . Used for sensor data changes, product orientation and gesture detection through an interruptpin(INT).Extremelysmall 3mmx3mmx0.9mmDFNpackage

• TheMMA766xaccelerometerfeaturesdigitaloutput(I2C/SPI)withverylowpowerconsumption.Itisalowprofilecapacitiveaccelerometer with signal conditioning, a low-pass filter, temperature compensation, self-test, configurable to detect 0g, pulse detect for quick motion detection and requires no external devices . Standby mode makes it ideal for hand-held battery-powered electronics

• Ifmotionisdetected,theMCUtriggersa meter tamper flag and sends a tamper message to the utility company via the communicationinterfaceorLCDdisplay

• OurPLLtunedUHFtransceiversincludeacontext switching feature without using an MCU, enabling it to receive communications from multiple sources, programmable fractionalphaselockedloop(PLL),areceivedsignalstrengthindicator(RSSI)circuit and a periodic wake-up timer . 304, 315,426,434,868and915MHzISMbands,OOKandFSK(softwareselectable)and data rates up to 20 kbps

• RFcommunicationsrangefromsub1GHzto2.4GHz802.15.4andZigBee

RF Low Power

Products

MC13202:2.4GHzRFtransceiverfor802.15.4applications

MC13213:2.4GHzRFtransceiverand8-bitMCUwith60KofflashforZigBeeapplications


Transceivers

Products

MC33696:PLLtunedUHFtransceiver

UHF Receivers

Products

MC33596:PLLtunedUHFreceiver

MC1322x Block Diagram

TM

®


RF Low Power

Transceivers

UHF Receivers

13



Products Key FeaturesS08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller

• Ultra-low-powerMCUwithLCDcontrolforextended battery life applications

S08QB:Ultra-low-power8-bitmicrocontrollerfamily • Cost-effectiveintegrated5VMCU

S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers• Highlyintegrated,pin-compatible8-bitand

32-bit device duo

HeatMetersBasic electronic heat allocation meters are designed to measure the temperature at the domestic heat panel for estimating heat energy usage(typicallyininstanceswheremorethantwo households are using the same central heater).Thechallengeforthesedevicesisthatthey must run 10 to 20 years on one set of batteries .

Solution Advantages

• Lowpowerconsumption• Competitivepricepositioning

Basic Heat Meter


Smart Energy

14

Heat Meter: AdvancedAdvanced electronic heat allocation meters employRFtechnologiestomeasurethetemperature and transmit data from sensor nodes to the main concentrator . These devices are typically used in instances where more than two households with multiple rooms use the same central heater . The challenge for these devices is that they have to run 10 to 20 years on one set of batteries .

Electronic heat allocation meters sense and record the temperature of the radiator surface and the room air . The temperature difference is the amount of heat consumption . The meter starts as soon as there is a temperature difference of at least 4 .5°C between the radiatorsensorandtheroomairsensor.Nomeasuring takes place below a temperature reading of 23°C on the radiator .

Solution Advantages

• Concentratorofferssecureencryption,IP,highperformance,real-timeoperatingsystem(RTOS)support

• LeaderinZigBeetechnology• ZigBeestackdesignedin-house• Fullyintegrated,flexiblesolution• Lowpowerconsumption• Competitivepricepositioning• Provenrobustnessinfield


Products Key FeaturesS08LL:S08ultra-low-powersegmentLCDmicrocontroller

• SensornodeMCUandMCUforconcentratorwithLDCcontrol for extended battery life applications

S08QB:Ultra-low-power8-bitmicrocontroller family

• Cost-effectiveintegrated5VsensornodeMCU

S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08microcontrollers• SensornodeMCU:Highlyintegrated,pin-compatible8-bit

and 32-bit device duo

Transceivers


MC33696:PLLtunedUHFtransceiver

• RFforsensornode:ContextswitchingfeaturewithoutusingMCU,progfractionalPLL,RSSI,periodicwake-uptimer.304,315,426,434,868and915MHzISMbands.OOKandFSK(softwareselectable).Datarateupto20kbps


Advanced Heat Meter


Products Key FeaturesMCF5223X:IntegratedColdFireV2Ethernetmicrocontrollers

• MCUforconcentratorwithEthernetfunctionality

MCF5225X:32-bitmicrocontrollers • MCUforconcentratorwithEthernetandUSBfunctionality


RF Low Power


MC13201:2.4GHzRFtransceiverforproprietary applications

• RFforsensornode,point-to-pointandstarnetworks.Lowercomponent count, size and cost . Complete packet modem capabliltyupto250kbps.O-QPSKmodulationandDSSScoding . Freescale SMAC included


• RFforsensornode:Platform-in-a-Packagethatneedsonlyexternal antenna to implement ZigBee application

RF Low Power

Transceivers

15


HomeEnergyManagement SystemsCommunications-enabled smart meters

have many applications for optimizing overall

energy management within the home, and to

utility companies who want to manage the

load of their grid and prevent power demand

peaks .

The energy management system is the

interface between the utility-controlled smart

grid and energy-consuming in-house objects .

Itisalsotheinterfacetotheconsumer.Ifa

consumer can see how their energy usage

affects their costs and carbon footprint,

they can change their behavior . The energy

management system provides this information

via a user interface than can be part of an

in-house object or be viewed on a smart

mobile device .

Functions for Home Energy Management

•Collectreal-timeenergyconsumptionfrom

smart meter and power consumption data

from various in-house objects

•Generate a dashboard to provide feedback

about power usage

•Provide menus to control appliances

•Provide a ubiquitous link to a broadband

connection

Freescale energy management solutions enable

rapid development with comprehensive reference

designs embedded with the latest technology,

includingi.MXARM processors and MPC8308

PowerQUICCIIProprocessors.Theseare

Energy Gateway Reference Diagram

i.MX or MPC8308

Wireless ConnectivityHAN and Smart Grid

UserInterfaces

BroadbandNetworking

ExpansionSlots

Integrated on i.MX

Power Management

External Storage +SD/SDIO Extension(s)

USB

Optional Display

ZigBee® SE and HA

MC13224V

802.11b/g/n

TRX

Wi-Fi®

3G/GPRSData Modem

Ethernet

ideal for a broad range of connectivity options

that offer flexibility and cost effectiveness . The

i .MX and MPC8308 processors support many

different serial communications protocols,

includingSPIforZigBee,singleanddual

Ethernetoptions,SDIOandPCI-eforWi-Fi.

These smart energy management systems are

supported by wireless chipsets and drivers

fromAtherosaswellasDLMSstacksoffering

complete solutions .

HomeenergymanagementwithinHANisan

emerging market which has multiple options

for implementation . Freescale provides

reference platforms to meet different needs

and provide options for these solutions . The

i .MX-based reference design is optimally suited

for stand-alone home energy management

systems or integration into smart in-house

objects . The MPC8308 reference platform

supports an optimized blend of capabilities,

including energy monitoring and management,

home automation control, home security and

surveillance,aswellasVoIPandHDvideo

streaming, and is designed to be combined

within-homerouters/gateways.

MC13224 is a complete ZigBee Platform-in-a-

Packagesolution.ItsupportsthelatestZigBee

protocol with a BeeStack smart energy or

home automation profile, providing an easy-to-

implement, cost-effective mesh network that

brings a common solution to appliances, meters

and smart plugs .

BridgingthesmartgridwiththeHAN,

Freescale’s energy management systems offer

new energy gateway possibilities including

in-home energy management .

Home Energy Management Systems Diagram

Smart Energy

16

HomeAreaNetworkingZigBee Smart Energy is becoming the default

standardfortheHANinseveralregions.

As companies are building and deploying

meters, programmable thermostats, in-home

displays and appliances, ZigBee enables

communication with the grid to provide

automated demand-side management .

Freescale provides ZigBee solutions based

on MC1322x SiP with Smart Energy profile

1.0andHomeAutomationProfilefor

communications in and around the home .

Freescale also offers BeeKit development tools

which provide a new approach to wireless

application development through graphical

userinterface(GUI)andvalidnetwork

configuration . Codebases deliver libraries,

templates and applications to export directly

toIDEfordevelopmentanddebugging.

Wireless Communications Applications

•MC1321x

•MC1322x(ZigBeetechnology)

•MC33696(ISMband)

•MC9S08GB60

•MC9S08QEfamily

•PowermanagementunitIC:

MC13892, MC33730

Home Area Networking Reference Diagram

Application

Host MCUProfile

Application Framework

Networking Layer

MAC Layer

PHY Layer

ZigBee® IC:MC13224V

UART

Protocol Stack

Home Area Networking Reference Diagram


TM

®


17

Smart Energy Secure End-to-End Solutions

Smart Appliances

Realizinglong-termsavingsinatypicalhome

via the smart grid means that technology,

legislation and mindset must come together

to drive a permanent change in the way

consumers perceive energy consumption .

Most of our high energy use today comes

fromheating/cooling,cooking,lighting,

washing and drying . These home appliances

are now becoming smarter, using advances in

technology to improve the energy efficiency of

the product .

Appliances such as washing machines

(drumandpump),refrigerators(compressors)

androomair-conditioners(compressorsand

fans)arenowadoptingadvancedthree-phase

motors, which offer greater control and

reduce the overall electricity consumption .

Freescale provides digital signal controllers,

8- and 32-bit MCUs that have an

intelligent peripheral set optimised to deliver

precise control for all types of motors used

in smart appliances .

Homeappliancesarebeginningtoinclude

connectivity functionality that allows them

to automatically take advantage of the

benefits that smart metering and variable

tariffs bring . The utility companies are able

to better manage the energy demand and

perform load balancing more efficiently, while

consumers benefit from potential savings by

using smart appliances when energy prices

are at their lowest . This is driving human-

machineinterface(HMI)improvementsto

make available the relevant information that

consumers need to make informed decisions .


MC9S08 8-bit MCUs • Flash,ADC,timer,touchsensinginterface

Kinetis32-bitARM® Cortex™-M4 MCUs • Flash,touchsensinginterface,segmentLCD,graphicLCD

MC56F8xxx digital signal controllers • FastADC,high-resolutionPWM,mathcapability

i .MX application processors• SVGA,VGALCDsupport,superiorLCDcontrollerIP,

flexiblecommunicationsupport

MC132xx2.4GHzRFICfamily • Flash,RAM,RFtransceiver

Washing Machine Block Diagram


Freescale has a range of solutions for the

HMIcontrolpanel,includingMC9S088-bit

MCUs, through to higher end i .MX application

processors .

The featured microcontrollers also support

U-SNAPimplementationstandards,whichwas

developed for appliances and meters to allow

a general purpose interface to be added to an

appliance.Itcanlaterbeusedforconnectivity

with an energy gateway, smart meter or

Wi-Firouter.U-SNAPisanSPIandstandard

interface that can accept a small module with

the connectivity option of choice . Freescale

supports communication technologies and

protocols such as ZigBee, providing all the

building blocks used in a complete ZigBee-

compliant platform solutions, including the

RFtransceiver,MACandZigBeesoftware,

microcontrollers and sensors .

Washing Machine Block Diagram

Program Control

Motor Control

Display(LED, Segment LCD, GUI)

Keypad(Touch Sensing)

Connectivity toHome Area Nework

Drum(Three-Phase Motor)

Pump(Three-Phase Motor)

Water Level

Water Temp

Water Heater

Water Out

HMI

Smart Energy

18

Data Concentrator Functional Block Diagram

MPU

Security

RS232

DDR

DLC Modem

DLMSRS232

Ethernet

Freescale technology

Flash

GPRS

GSM Modem

ISDN Adapter

PSTN Modem

LAN Adapter LAN

TelephoneNetwork

Wi-Fi, WiMAX

FTPFTP

FTP

FTPFTP

FTP

FTP

Power Supply

Unit

DLC Device (Low Voltage)

Network

Grid-End Applications The utility company manages the

measurement, billing and loading throughout

the entire grid . Therefore, it must manage

a large quantity of data, including critical

time constraints and a very large number of

nodes.IPprotocols,viaEthernet(powerline

communications)orotherhigh-speed

communication, are often used . The link

from the substation to the smart meter in

the buildings and homes can be impractical,

making it necessary to deploy a range of

options according to local need .

The applications required for this task can be

brokendownintothefollowinggroups:data

aggregator/concentrator,gridrouters,grid

power management and protection .

Freescale Products Grid-End Applications

Function Protocol Physical Source

Powerlinetohome(EU)• ERDFG3• PRIME• IEC61334-5

• OFDMPLC• OFDMPLC• S-FSKPLC

• Third-partydevelopmentpartnership

• Third-partydevelopmentpartnership

• DemoofP-LANfromFreescale

Powerline(USA) • HomePlugAV/GP • MII

Radiotohome(USA) • 802.15.4g • 900MHzRF • ActiveFreescalestandardsparticipation

Utility link• 3Gwireless• WiMAX

• EthernetMII• EthernetMII/

SDIO

• FreescaleTCP/IPstackwiththird-party hardware solutions

IP• IETFRFC2460(IPv6)• IETFRFC791(IPv6)

• BSP

Time synchronization • IEEE® 1588 • Ethernet • IXXAT(Freescalepartner)

Meter and revenue• IEC62056DLMS(EU)• ANSIC12.xx(USA)

• AvailableonMPC8308gateway reference design

Data Concentrator Functional Block Diagram

Freescale Products Grid-End Applications

19


Data Aggregators/Concentrators

The data concentrator is an important

componentinautomaticmeterreading(AMR).

Itcreatesthenecessarynetworkinfrastructure

bylinkingseveralutilitymeters(electricity,gas,

water,heat)tothecentralutilityserverwhere

it captures and reports vital data . The data

concentrator also synchronizes the time and

date data of utility meters to the central utility

server.Itensuresthesecuredatatransferof

user authentication and encryption information .

Communication to utility meters requires an

RForwired(powerlinemodem)connection,

enabling data transfers to the central utility

serverviaEthernet,GSM,GPRS,POTSor

UHF/VHFnetworks.

Freescale offers a data concentrator

reference design based on the MPC8308,

supportingtheDLMS/COSEMclient/server

stack.TheP1025,aQorIQdevicebuilton

Power Architecture® technology, offers a

dual-core solution to allow applications and

communicationstocoexist.Itprovidesa

platform for a fully featured operation system

and hypervisor support for a high-end data

concentrator or aggregator application .


USB2.0

LocalBus SEC

32-bitDDR2/3

I2C SerDes(x4)

eTSEC2

SGMIISGMII

eTSEC1SD/

MMC

DUART

QE

SPI

P1025

e500Core

32 KBI

32 KBD

256 KBL2

e500Core

32 KBI

32 KBD

3G Wireless

NAND/NORFlash

DDR2

DualSerial Line

DriversGE

PHYGE

PHY

USB PHY

RS232DB9

DB9 DB9

ULPI

UART


I2C RTC

TempSensor

EEPROM

MCU

LCDModule

NAND/NORFLASH

DDR2

GE PH 5-port switch(w/ PHY)

Local DataStorage

Home PlugAV or G.HN

USB PHY

CenelecBand-A

ZigBeeInterface

RS232

USB2.0

LocalBus

16/3 2-bitDDR 2

I2C

Ser-Des(x1)

SDHTesterTester

DUART

SPI

MPC830

PowerSequencing

andMonitoring

DB

UL

UAR

MIRGMI RGMI

16 KB 16 KB

e300 Core



Smart Energy

20

Grid Routers

Router Function

Interfacebetweenthesmartmeterandthe

utility network is performed using a grid router

(sometimesreferredtoasaconcentrator).The

number of homes serviced by a grid router

variesfromafew(smallclusterofbuildings

supportedbyasmallsubstation)toseveral

hundred(inthecaseofacitywithhigh

concentrationsofbuildingsandhousing).The

roleoftherouteristhesame:toprovidea

link from the utility company to all local smart

meters.Inverycomplexnetworks,ahierarchy

of concentrators may be required to collect all

data and provide links to what is sometimes

called the “back-hall” network where the utility

services reside .

Connectivity

Dataratesvaryaccordingtothelocal

configuration and type of connectivity .

At the heart of the router lies a powerful

32-bit processor, usually running a real-

time operating system and providing high-

level services, such as communications

stacks, prioritization of messages, store and

forwarding, network routing and discovery .

Dependinguponthelocalneeds,arangeof

options are possible for local communication

thatincludeshortrangewireless(around

900MHz),powerlinecommunications(low

frequencycarrierstypicallybelow500kHz)for

local communications and options from longer

range communications such as Ethernet

(TCP/IP),ISDN,WiMAXorGPRS.

Grid Routers

10/100/1000Ethernet

MemoryBoot Flash

ControlProcessor

200 to 1500+ DMIPS

MMU for OS

>256 KBL2 cache

MemoryBoot Flash

LocalPower Rail

Management

ExternalPower

to 24/48V

10/100PHY

10/100PHY

10/100PHY

FPGAor ASIC

Diagnostics,Debug, Printer

MDIO orWireless

PoE Control

Console orFieldbus

Status Outputor Switch Input

xMIIMII, GMII,

GRMII, SGMII

SPI, PCI orPCI Express

USB

SPI

I2C

UART

GPIO

Security

With so many forms of communication,

security of these communications and

that of the grid is paramount . Public key

cryptography,suchasRSA1024/2048,has

very high protection from external attacks

and is commonly used to protect these

otherwise vulnerable links in the network .

ThePowerQUICCandQorIQfamiliessupport

an expansive range of security protocols

and functions for both private and public

key cryptography to ensure these links are

protected from external attacks . For low

dataratecommunication,AESandDES

are commonly used . Since these are private

key cryptography functions, extra care is

neededtoensuresystemintegrity.QorIQ

MPUs provide secure on-board storage of the

keys to provide enhanced security for local

communication and many of the platforms

provide trust architecture and secure boot for

added security .

Freescale offers a wide range of networking

controllers that provide the communications,

performance and security required to provide

this critical link in the smart grid .

Key Features

• Highperformance(100upto38,000MIPs)

• Built-insecurityfunctionssupportingpublic

and private key cryptography

• Widerangeofcommunicationports,

including Gigabit Ethernet and fast serial

ports, plus USB 2 .0 for local on-board

interfacing

• PCIExpress® for FPGA interfacing

Grid Routers

21


Grid Power Management and Protection (Relay, Breaker, Monitor)

Electricity substations are under increasing

pressure to provide functionality to

actively manage the local grid . As the

load steadily increases, new forms of local

energy generation are being added to grid

architectures that never foresaw such a

complex combination of generation and loads .

When communication with smart meters

is added to the mix, power management

becomesevenmorecomplex.Deployment

of new high-performance power controller

systems is now common across all regions

as utility companies attempt to stay one step

ahead of technical challenges .

Power relay controllers must manage surges

and loading on the grid locally . With an

increasing range in the types of loads and

generators on the local grid, this task is

becoming more complex . There is also the

possibility of a domino effect if a section

of the grid trips without re-routing power

furtherdowntheline.Real-timecontrolis

essential to maintain the grid integrity . This is

accomplishedusingtheIEEE1588protocol,

whichissupportedonmanyPowerQUICC

andallQorIQfamilies.Animportantfunction

of these new power management systems is

the display and handling of local information .

GraphicLCDdisplaysarebecomingmore

desirable to the user as they allow for

easier data control and management of

local grid performance .

Lowpoweroperationisalsoanimportant

considerationformicroprocessor(MPU)

choice . Fan-less operation greatly improves

overall system reliability as these units may

be installed in remote substations and have a

long maintenance cycle . Power Architecture

products are highly efficient and many are

designed for fan-less operation .

Power Breaker Controller Block Diagram

MultipleADC Input

LCDC

Ethernet

Communications(Power Architecture/FPGA)

Ethernet

Data Captureand Data Process

(Power Architecture/FPGA)

Flash

SRAM

PowerManagement

Display

Multiple

Op Amps

Mul

ti-ch

anne

l inp

ut

A move towards cost-effective functional

integration brings the focus towards multicore

MPUs.TheQorIQprovidesanentirefamily

with up to eight cores . Today, dual-core

processing is adequate with products like

the P1020, providing a complete range of

fast serial communications and dual-core

performance at a low cost . Adding power

meter functions in the power breaker provides

more information on grid performance and

loading . MPUs run supervisory, control and

dataacquisition(SCADA)forsubstations

control and must have fast response times for

themanagementoftransientevents(suchas

surges).

Power Breaker Controller Block Diagram

Smart Energy

22

Switched-Mode Power Supply (UPS)

Freescale DSC

VoltageCurrent

LCFilter

DigitalPWM

Generator

DC OutputDC Input

PowerSwitch

Serial Interface

A to D Converter

GPIO

Thermal

Fan

Temperature

System and ControlInformation

SCALE

SCALE

DigitalPowerConversion and StorageA critical component of the smart energy story

is the necessity to increase the efficiency of

the electronic systems and consumer devices

operating in the world today . Every electronic

device must be powered from an energy

source.Inmostcases,thisrequiresenergy

to be converted into a form useable by the

device—a power supply . While power supplies

have become increasingly more efficient, there

is an industry trend to increase the digital

component to the design .

Digitalpowerconversionisapowersystem

that is controlled by digital circuits, in much

the same way as would be with analog

circuits, to monitor, supervise, communicate

and control system stability . A fully digitally

controlled power system includes both digital

control and digital power management .

Control loops provide the mechanism by

which to regulate the output of the power

supply, usually through pulse width modulation

of a power switch . Power management

techniques provide the ability to monitor

temperature, provide overcurrent protection

and supply sequencing .

Freescaledigitalsignalcontrollers(DSCs)are

the right solution for digital power conversion

applications, as they provide both the control

loop and power management functionality on

one platform . By providing outstanding digital

signal processing capabilities, high-speed

pulse-widthmodulation(PWM)andextremely

accurateADCs,FreescaleDSCsmaximize

system performance and reliability .

FreescaleDSCsareexcellentsolutionsfor

such applications as uninterruptable power

supplies, telecom power supplies, server

power supplies, power adapters, solar

inverters, induction cooktops and wireless

chargingsolutions.Digitalpowerconversion

provides direct and indirect benefits, many

withfar-reachingconsequences.Digitalpower

supplies are more efficient over a wider range

of loads . This increase in efficiency reduces

system cost and complexity . The reduction in

discreet components not only reduces cost

but also reduces environmental impact at the

end-of-life cycle of the product by reducing

waste.Increasedsystemefficiencylowers

system energy loss which is converted into

heat . This translates into smaller heat sinks

andfans.Highersystemefficiencyreduces

operational costs of the end product and its

applications . For example, server farms with

high efficiency digital power supplies require

less cooling and lower operational costs .

By providing more efficient power supply

solutions, Freescale contributes to a smarter

and more efficient energy supply use .

Switched-Mode Power Supply

23


Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

Freescale DSC

DC OutputAC Input

Failover Path

DC/DCPFC

ADC ADC PWM ADC

PWMPWM

Battery

AC/DC

Switched-Mode Power Supplies

The growth motivator in the switched-mode

power supply market has been largely driven

by cost and efficiency metrics . As gains

have begun to peak on pure analog systems,

designers search for new methods to improve

these performance drivers .

FreescaleDSCsprovidesolutionsfor

maximizing efficiency and reducing system

cost through bill-of-materials reduction .

The Freescale solution addresses system

disadvantages, such as component aging and

operational variability due to changing load

conditions by compensating for these changes

dynamically and efficiently . As the figure to the

leftindicates,theFreescaleDSCintegrates

into the system and provides all system-level

control and management of the switched-

mode power supply .

Uninterruptable Power Supply

Uninterruptable power supplies provide

continuous energy to a load, even when the

primary source of energy is interrupted or

temporarily not available . Uninterruptable

power supply systems include a battery

backup subsystem which remains charged

viatheprimaryinput.Iftheprimaryinput

fails, the battery subsystem provides a near

instantaneous failover mechanism to maintain

Uninterruptable Power Supply

power to the load . Typically, uninterruptable

power supply systems are designed to provide

backup power for short periods of time, long

enough to enable an auxiliary power source

tobebroughtonline.AFreescaleDSC

implemented in an uninterruptable power

supply system provides digital control and

power management for the entire power

supply . As the figure above shows, all three

converter stages are controlled by the

FreescaleDSC.

Smart Energy

24

Wireless Charging

Freescale DSC

AC InputBattery

On/OffIndicator

ButtonControl

MobileDevice

AC/DCCharging

Block

PWM ADC GPIO

GPIO

0 0Wireless Charging

Wireless charging, or inductive charging, is the

process of transferring energy from a power

sourcetoaloadviamagneticenergy.Insuch

systems, a power supply is connected to

an inductive coil called the transmitter . The

device to be charged also has an inductive

coil attached and is referred to as the receiver .

When the transmitter and receiver are placed

within close proximity, the power supply’s

energy is transferred between the coils and

delivered to the load . At close distances,

inductive charging is extremely efficient and

very competitive with wired solutions .

There are several benefits to adopting

inductive charging platforms . From a

consumer perspective, wireless charging

provides consumers more flexibility and

ease of use . Users are no longer tethered

or restricted to when and how they charge

their devices . Charging pads can charge

several devices at once . Consumers no longer

need to be concerned with the compatibility

of their device with the charger as industry

standards are developed and adopted . From

a manufacturer’s perspective, migrating to

wireless charging platforms immediately

reduces costs and increases top-line growth

potential . Potential applications range from

hand-held consumer devices to electric vehicle

recharge stations .

Wireless Charging

Freescale Products for Digital Power Conversion

Products Applications

MC56F801xMC56F8002/006MC56F802x

Power supplies, uninterruptable power supply

MC56F824x/5x Wireless chargers, power supplies, inverters

MC56F84xx Switched-mode power supplies

Freescale Products for Digital Power Conversion

25


Renewable Energy

Renewableenergywillplayaveryimportant

part in the smart grid over the coming years .

As countries become more conscious of

reducing their carbon footprint, harnessing

solar energy and wind energy moves to the

forefront . Freescale solutions provide our

customers with the ability to design efficient

and sustainable energy solutions .

Solar InvertersSolarinvertersconvertdirectcurrent(DC)

produced by a solar module to alternating

current(AC)forusebyappliancesorfor

feeding into the electrical power grid . They

also serve to protect against power surges

and for monitoring and logging performance

data to maximize yield efficiency for the

completephotovoltaicsystems.Invertersmay

be designed with or without transformers

and for a range of difference voltages and

topologies depending on the application .

TheFreescaleDSCfamilyofprocessors

offers a cost-effective, single-chip solution

for low-end single- or three-phase inverters .

A reference design is available which

demonstrates how to manage the three

steps of power conversion and harness

400W peak power from a solar panel for

consumeruse.DSCcontrollerscombineMCU

andDSPfunctionalityonasinglechipwith

high-performancePWMandADCmodules,

coupledwithSCIandGPIOsupport.Forthe

higher end or grid-tied three-phase inverters,

Freescale Products for Solar Applications


56F80xx, 56F82xx Micro inverters, low-end single-phase inverters

PXS20, PXS30 High-endsingle-andthree-phaseinverters

56F80xx, 56F82xx, S08 Battery chargers

S08,KinetisARM® Cortex™-M4 Communications processor

MCF51EM, Kinetis Cortex™-M4 Smart metering

i .MX, Kinetis Cortex™-M4 Solar monitor and logging unit

400 VA, 230V 50 Hz Solar Panel Inverter Block Diagram

Control Unit

DC to DCConverter

+MPPT Control

DC to ACInverter

OutputFilter

BatteryCharger

Sol

ar P

anel

s

Option

+36V +400V230VAC

0V 0V

L

N

230V~ 50 Hz

Isolation

AD

C (U

)

PW

M 2

AD

C (U

, I)

RS232/485

PWM 2

ADC (U, I)

Photovoltaic System Block Diagram

Power BusInve

rter

/C

ont

rolle

r

Solar Panel Array

UtilityMeter

DC/D DC/D DC/D DC/D

LocalStorage

LocalLoads

Control Bus

400 VA, 230V 50 Hz Solar Panel Inverter Block Diagram

Photovoltaic System Block Diagram

Freescale Products for Solar Applications

Smart Energy

26

Freescale Products for Wind Turbine Applications


• MPC55xx/56xx• QorIQ

Generator control

• MC56F801x• MC56F81x• MC56F825x• MC56F83xx• PPC5634

Power conversion

• MCF51EM Metering

• MPC55xx/56xx• QorIQ

Main power control

• 9S08MP16• MC56F8006• MC56F8013

Yaw motor and yaw drive control

• MC1320x Wireless communications

• MCF5225x• MCF51CN• S08DZ• 56F825x

CommunicationsEthernet/CAN

• i.MX• S08LL• TSSlibraries• FlexisJM

Control panel and data logging

• Vibration• Pressure• Temperature

Sensor analysis

Wind Power Generation Solutions

Tower

Wireless Laptop

Control Panel and Data Logging

FrontRotor

Stator

RearRotor

Shaft

Spine

Wind Turbine

Communications: Ethernet/CAN

Wind Turbines Block Diagram

Generator MeteringPower Conversion(Rectifier/Inverter)

AC/DCRectifier

DC/ACInverter

the PXS family of processors is an excellent

fit . The PXS family is based on a dual-core

architecture which has been specifically

designed for safety-critical applications .

ThePXSfamilyoffersover600DMIPSof

performance,floatingpointunitandSIMD

DSPcapabilities,high-performancePWM

andADCmodulesaswellasextensive

communications support .

Wind Turbines

Freescale’s portfolio of cores built on Power

Architecture technology is well tuned for the

demands of some of the worlds largest wind

turbines . The MPC85xx family is well suited

to the high computational load required to

manage a megawatt wind turbine . These large-

scale wind turbines must react to changing

environmental and energy loading conditions

and maintain a stable output for the grid .

Wind Turbine Block Diagram

Freescale Products for Wind Turbine Applications

Wind Power Generation Solutions

27


Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

ThePHEVcontainsrechargeablebatteries

which are charged via an external power

source.PHEVspossessfeaturesofbotha

conventional hybrid electric and all-electric

vehicles . Both have an electric motor and an

internalcombustionengine(ICE),aswellasa

plug that connects to the electrical grid . This

market is growing worldwide, as China, the

United States and many European countries

have established goals to facilitate the

introductionofPHEVsthroughstimulusgrants

and emissions mandates .

Freescale Solutions for PHEVs: Inside the Car

AhybridvehiclecombinesanICEanda

battery-poweredelectricmotor(E-motor)to

power the drivetrain, which improves fuel

economyandreducesharmfulemissions.In

addition to the internal combustion engine

control unit, other modules are required to

control the electric traction motor, recharge the

battery and mange the energy used to run the

auxiliaries,suchasthestart/stopsystemand

fuel and water pumps .

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

ANSI/NBMA C12(Electricity Meter) Home Energy

Gateway SAE J1772(connector)

Electric VehicleCharging Supply

Electric VehicleCharging Supply

Electric Vehicle

Freescale Solutions for PlPHEV: Outsidehe carProducts Key Features

MCF51EM256, MC9S08GW64 • Electricitymeterorpoint-of-loadmeter

i .MX2xx family, MPC8308 • Homeenergygateway

MC1322xZigBee(SmartEnergyprofileandHomeAutomationprofile)

• Homeareanetworking

MC56F82xx, MCF84xx • HEVsolutionsforchargingstations

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Freescale Solutions for PHEV: Outside the Car

Smart Energy

28

Freescale Products for Hybrid Drive TrainProduct Family Products Key Features

32-bit MCU

• MPC55xx• MPC56xx• MPC564xA• MPC564xL

High-performanceMCUfamilywithscalable e200 cores built on Power Architecture® technology, up to to 6 MB flashembedded

16-bit MCU • S12XE• S12XS• S12P

Wide portfolio offering of compatible and scalable products with a range of feature set and packaging options

Analog and mixed signal integrated circuits

• MC33730• MC33904• MC33905

Power supply and system basis chip

• MC33811 • MC33972 • MC33975

Signal conditioning

• MC33937 Three-phase pre-drivers

• MC33899 • MC33926 • MC33931 • MC33932

H-bridgedrivers

•MC33661 • MC33902

CAN/LINtransceivers

• MM912F634 IDC,lowbatterymanagement

Enablement tools • Evaluationboard,calibration

solution, software library, AUTOSAR

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Reference Diagram

Generator

Inverter PowerCircuit

Motor

Engine

Bat

tery

Drive Wheels

Power split device

LV BatteryManagement

QulBS IDCS12(x)

Engine ControlAnalog Drivers,

Pressure Sensor,S08, MOSFET

µHybrid, S/StopS08, S12(x),

MOSFET

HV BatteryManagement

S12(x)Inverter

and MotorControl S12(x),

Gate Driver

Charger MCU S08,

S12(x)

DC/DC ConverterS08, S12(x)

Freescale’s MCU portfolio includes a number

of electric motor control solutions with an

available low-level software library . The charger

can be addressed with a 16-bit MCU S12

which provides the resource to control the

voltage from the grid to the converter . The

CANnetworkallowsthediagnosticsand

interaction of the charger to communicate with

all electronic modules embedded in the car .

We are continually developing new products

with dedicated peripheral sets for the electric

architectures used in hybrid vehicles . For

example, our intelligent distributed control

(IDC)deviceintegratestheindustry-leading

16-bit S12 MCU with analog, mixed-signal and

networking physical interfaces to provide a

reliable and cost-effective system-in-package

(SiP)solutionforbatterymonitoring.

Freescale Products for Hybrid Drive Train

PHEV Reference Diagram

29


Electricity MetersReference Design Features Image

<$10 single-phase

electricity

meter using

9RS08KA8

• Ratedvoltage:220V,maximumoperatingvoltagerange:80%~120%• CurrentrangeI:5(30)A,frequencyrange:50Hz±5%,accuracylevel:1.0• Ratedtemperature:23°C,maximumoperatingtemperaturerange:-25°C~+55°Cpowerconsumption:≤1VA• Basic, measurement and active power accumulating functions• Output:Maincontrolboardoutputspulsesforactivepowermeasurement• Powerpulsesaresquarewaveswith80msperiodand±20%tolerance.Voltagedropofpulses’amplitudeis

<10%ofratedvalue(highlevel>0.9VD),lowlevelofoutputpulsesis<0.9V• Communication:Infraredcommunicationportwith1200bpsbaudrate,RS485communicationwith1200bps

baudrate,communicationprotocolcomplieswithDL/T645• Display:Maintainsdisplaywhenpoweredoff• Electromagneticcompatibility:Electronicstaticdischarge:8kV,highfrequencyelectromagneticfield:10V/m,

electricalfasttransient:operatingstate2kV,non-operatingstate4kV,voltagesurge:4kV

<$10 single-phase

electricity meter

using 9S08LA8

• Cost-effectivesingle-phasepowermeterbasedon9RS08LA88-bitMCUwithon-chipLCDdriver• Single-phase active power measurement with forward, reverse and aggregated energy accumulation• ImplementedwithDL/T-6452007AMRspecificationviaRS485andinfrared(formarketinChina)

Single-phase multi

rate meter with

external AFE using

9S08LG32

• Cost-effectivesingle-phasemulti-tariffpowermeterbasedon9S08LG32withon-chipLCDdriver• Externalanalogfrontend(AFE)• Externalreal-timeclock(RTC)• Single-phaseactivepowermeasurement:Forward,reverseand aggregatedenergyaccumulation• Multi-tariffcontrolwithstand-aloneRTC• Flexible MCU clock configuration• ImplementedwithDL/T-6452007AMRspecificationviaRS485andinfrared(formarketinChina)

Single-phase power

meter turnkey

solution using MZ60

• Cost-effective single-phase power meter based on Freescale’s 9S08MZ60 8-bit MCU• Based on China SGCC specification• ExternalLCDdriver• AFE• Supports+ve/-veactiveenergyandtariff4• Flexible MCU clock configuration

Single-phase

electricity meter

using MC9S08LH64

• Single-phase cost-optimized design• Voltage:230V±10%,current:5(60)A• Activepowermeasurement:URMS,IRMS• IEC50470-3ClassBaccuracy• EMCprovendesign:EN61000-4-4,EN61000-4-2• LEDandopencollectorpulseoutputs• EN62056-21infraredinterfacehardware• OpticallyisolatedRS232interface• The110segmentLCDconsumes1.8mAwhenallsegmentsareon• Tampering:Opencoverdetection• Excellent standby current of 1 .4 µA• DualarrayflashwithEEPROMemulation,noexternalEEPROMneeded• 16-bitSARADconverter,RTC

Single-phase meter

using MCF51EM256

(Integrated AFE)

• Voltageandcurrentcapability:85–264V,5(100)A• Measures:U

RMS,IRMS,active,reactive,apparentpower(energy),cosj,RTC• IEC50470-3ClassB(1%)accuracy• Tamper(opencover)detectionviatamperbutton,three-axisI2C accelerometer• Userinterface:Energyoutputinterface(twoLEDs),LEDandopencollectorpulseoutputs• EN62056-21infraredinterface,RS232opto-isolatedserialinterface,SPIheaderfort2.4GHzRFinterface

(1320x),userbuttonsandLCD• Otherfeatures:MQX™basedforadvancedmarkets,FFTalgorithmforprecisionreactivemeasurement

Three-phase meter

simulation using

DEMOEM board

• Demoboardsimulatesathree-phasemeteringapplication,includinginputwaveforms• Three-phase meter is based on MCF51EM256• 4x40segmentLCDdriver,16-bitADC• IndependentRTC• IRinterface(SCI,TPM,PRACMP)• 9S08QE8generatessimulatedinput• Capacitive touch pad software

FreescaleReferenceDesignsElectricity Meters

Smart Energy

30

Reference Design Features Image

Flowmeter

based on the

MC9S08GW64

• Low-powerSTOP3mode(500uA),ultra-low-powerSTOP2mode(300uA)• BasedonHallEffectsensor• Position counter used to calculate the flow and run even when the MCU is in low power

mode, MCU stays is low power mode for most of the time and position counter interrupt used to wake the MCU• Month-wiseandaccumulatedflowstoredinflashmemory.UserInterfaceavailablefordisplayingtheflowonLCD• RFcommunicationsover2.4GHzlowpowerZigBeeforsmartflowmeter,compliantwithFreescaleZigBeeSMAC

protocol stack• DLMSportedontheflowmeterforinterfacingwithsmartmeter,DLMSisoverZigBee(2.4GHz)• UARTTx\Rxisavailableonboardforcommunicatingwithflowmeter• Flowmeter cover opening tamper with time stamping

Electricity Meters (continued)


Polyphase

electricity meter

based on

MCF51EM256

• Completesolutionforsingle-phase,three-phase110Vand230Velectricitymetersforallglobalregions• Able to achieve beyond class 0 .5 for active energy• Designedandtestedagainst: IEC62053-22InternationalEnergyMeteringSpec,class0.5(orbetter)foractiveenergy IEC62053-23InternationalEnergyMeteringSpec,class2forreactiveenergy IEC62056-21InternationalEnergyMeteringDataExchangeSpec IEC62053-22,IEC62053-23,IEC62052-11ElectroStaticDischarge(ESD),testedperIEC61000-4• Full documentation including pre-compliance test data is available• Software source code is supplied as a CodeWarrior project for easy re-use or customization• Full working reference design is available for loan and evaluation

Single-phase

electricity

meter based on

MC9S08GW64

• Single-phase cost-optimized energy meter reference design• BasedonMC9S08GW64devicehavingtwo16-bitADChardwareanddedicatedRTC• Class1accuracyfor5–30ampand10–60amp,meetingIndianstandards• 10–60 amp, ZigBee® is also implemented on board• Runningoncapacitivepowersupplyandshunt-basedcurrentmeasurement• Totalcurrentconsumption:4V(meter),4ma(micro),runningon220nFcap• Verylowstandbycurrent• LCDdisplaycontrol

Single-phase

electricity meter

based on the

Kinetis MK30

MCU

A high-performance solution for power measurement in single-phase two-wire installations targeted towards residential metering.ZigBeeconnectivitythroughI2C.FirmwarebasedonMQX™RTOS.• 5(60)ampcurrentrange,nominalcurrent5amp,peakcurrent60amp• 120/230VAC,50/60Hzoperationalrange• Activeandreactivepower(energy)measurement,IEC50470-3classB,1%• Shunt-resistor sensing circuit implementation, voltage sensing by an inexpensive resistor divider• 4x40segmentLCD,includingchargepump(valuesshownonLCD:V,A,W,Var,VA,kWh,kVarh,cos,Hz,time,date)• Tamper detection• IEC1107infraredhardwareinterface,opticallyisolatedRS232interface• 2.4GHzRFinterfacethrougha1322x-LPNdaughtercard• EMCprovendesign(EN61000-4-2,EN610004-4)

FreescaleReferenceDesignsElectricity Meters (continued)

Digital Power

Flowmeters


LLC resonant

converter

• LLCresonanthalf-bridgeconverter• SynchronousrectifierandbuckconverterarecontrolledbytheMC56F8247DSConthesecondaryside• MC56F8013 on the primary side for PFC

Solar panel

inverter demo

• Uses MC56F8025 for inverter control• Batterychargerandon/offgridoptions• MPPT algorithm is implemented to maximize output power

Micro-inverter

solar reference

design

• Themicro-inverterisbasedontheFreescaleDSCMC56F8257toperformthefunctionsofcontrolandmeasurement• MPPT algorithm is implemented to maximize output power• PLMcommunications,batterycharger,on/offgridalloptionalfeatures

NoImage

Available

31


Home Energy Management SystemsReference Design Features Image

In-home

energy display

• Low-power,cost-effectiveKinetisK30microcontrollerprovidestheapplicationplatformandcommunicationswith remote sensors

• ZigBee®2.4GHzSE2.0canalsosupportZigBeeHomeAutomationifneeded• Sub1GHzISMbandRFtoelectricitymeterandgasmeterforCentralEurope• Display:SegmentLCDtoreducepowerandcost• Expansionforadditionalwirelessorwired(RS485)sensornodesforenhancedenergymanagementorbuildingcontrol• Optiontoincludedot-matrixLCDorgraphicLCDdisplayviaSPIlink

Home energy

manager

based on i.MX28

• ARM926TMi.MX28-basedenergygatewayreferencedesign(1xEthernet,1xWLAN,2xZigBee,1xISM-RF,1xRS232)

• Compactformfactor(3.29”x2.98”inheadlessmode)• VerylowBOM(<$40includinga4-layerPCB)• Basedonapowerfulandlow-poweri.MX283withintelligentintegration(powermanagement,connectivity,

display,analog)forlowestpossiblesolution• Scalable(features,performance,software)portfolioofARM® based processors to future proof designs in an

evolvingHANandhomeenergymanagementmarketsegment• Multiple connectivity options to smart meters and smart appliances including M-Bus, Wi-Fi® and ZigBee• Pre-validated communication stacks and example code• Freescale quality and reliability with industrial qualification, extended temperature range and long term

guaranteeofsupply(longevityprogram)• Developmentkitincludesthefullytestedhomeenergymanagementunit,powersupply,documentationandcabling

andisavailablethroughAdeneoEmbedded(adeneo-embedded.com/heg).Schematics,gerberfilesandsoftwarepackages(LinuxandWindowsEmbeddedCompact7BoardSupportPackages)availableforfree

Networked smart

gateway

based on MPC8308

• Complete mass production-ready design with integrated ZigBee Pro and 802 .11n Wi-Fi modules• MPC8308processorsupportsupto400MHz,deliveringupto800DMIPS• Multi-applicationsupportforsmartenergy,homeautomation,homesecurity/surveillance,streaming

HDvideoandVoIP• SupportsZigBeeHomeAutomation1.0andSmartEnergy1.0profiles,aswellasDLMS• Completedesignfilesincludingschematicsandgerbersincluded,aswellasOpenWRTsoftwarestacks

Data ConcentratorReference Design Features Image

Data concentrator

based on QorIQ

P1025

• BasedonP1025-RDB,thisreferencedesignincludeson-boardZigBeechip• P1025:e500-basedmicroprocessorrunningupto667MHz• InterfacestosupportWi-Fi,powerlinecom,PLM,M-Bus,GPRSandothers• RunningDLMS/COSEMclientstackfromKalkiTechnologies(IEC62056),on-boardsecurityengine

Data concentrator

based on

MCF5441x

• BasedonColdFireV4core250MHzprocessor:MCF54415/MCF54418• SupportsDDR2,SPIandNANDflash• Connectivity:10/100MbpsIEEE®1588USBH/D/OTG,CAN• On-board security engine• ApplicationcodewritteninLinux®

FreescaleReferenceDesignsHome Energy Management Systems

Data Concentrator

Smart Plug


Smart plug (SMAC)

based on

MC9S08GW64

• LowaccuracysmartACenergymeterbasedonMC9S08GW64• Customizable energy consumption monitoring • Appliance control • Appliance power control• Wireless control via SMAC• CompatiblewithanyIRremoteforpreciseappliancecontrol• RemotecontrolviamainhomeenergymeterthroughSMAC• Designedforsmartenergyappliances

Smart Energy

For current information about Freescale products and documentation, please visit freescale.com/smartenergyFreescale,theFreescalelogo,ColdFire,CodeWarrior,theEnergyEfficientSolutionslogo,PowerQUICCandQorIQaretrademarksofFreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.,Reg.U.S.Pat.&Tm.Off.BeeKit,BeeStack,Flexis,KinetisandProcessorExpertaretrademarksofFreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.Allotherproductorservicenamesarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.ARMistheregisteredtrademarkofARMLimited.ARMCortex-M4,ARM7andARM926arethetrademarksofARMLimited.ThePowerArchitectureandPower.org word marks and the Power and Power .org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power .org . © 2011 FreescaleSemiconductor,Inc.

Document Number: BRSMRTENERGYREV2

Freescale in Smart Grid StandardsFreescale is an active participating member in

several leading smart grid standards bodies

and committees .

Promotor and Contributing Member

• ZigBeeAlliance:Freescalecontributedtothe

creation and project management of Smart

Energy profile specification

• IPSO(IPforSmartObjects)Alliance

• 6LoWPAN

• G.hn

• ETSIBoardSmartGridstrategictopic:

Freescale is a member of this board and

one of the champions of the SmartGrid

strategic topics

• HomeGatewayInitiative(HGI)SmartEnergy

champion

Contributing Member

• IEEE802.15/IEEE802.15gSmartUtility

Network(SUN)wirelessstandard

• ETSIM2MandETSIM/441strategicteam

(M/441istheECmandatetodefinesmart

meter)

Participating Member

• SmartGridInteroperabilityPanel(NIST)

• PecanSt.Project,TX

• ITU-TSmartGridfocusgroup

Third-Party PartnersFreescale works closely with several

third-party partners to provide useful hardware

and software tools and reference designs to

make designing a new product simpler and

faster . Below are our key partners who provide

solutions for the smart energy and smart grid

space .

Metrology

• Larsen&Toubro

• KalkiTechnologies

• AllGoSystems

Energy Gateway

• Microsoft

• QNX

• Atheros

• ThinkEco

• AricentTechnologies

Home Area Networking

• Develco

• Synapse

• Atheros

Data Aggregator/Concentrator

• KalkiTechnologies

• IXXAT

• GDATechnologies

Freescale is a recognized leader in the design of high-performance, energy-efficient semiconductor products . Underscoring this, Freescale has introduced the Energy-Efficient Solutions mark to highlight selected products that excel in effective implementation of energy efficiency technologies that deliver market-leading performance in the application spaces they are designed to address .

Featured Freescale Energy-Efficient Solutions

8-bit Microcontrollers• S08LL:S08Ultra-Low-PowerSegmentLCD• S08QB:Ultra-Low-Power8-bit

Microcontroller Family• S08QE:Flexis8-bitHCS08Microcontrollers

32-bit Applications Processors• i .MX Family of Applications Processors,

QorIQandPowerQUICC

Acceleration• MMA7660FC:Three-AxisDigital

Output Accelerometer • MMA8453Q:Three-Axis,12-bit

DigitalAccelerometer

Digital Signal Controllers• MC56F8006/2DigitalSignalController

Touch Sensors• MPR03x,MPR121:ProximityCapacitive

Touch Sensing Controller

Freescale Smart Metering

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