Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy...

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© OECD/IEA 2018 Energy Efficiency Indicators Laila El-Ashmawy 14 December 2018, Beirut IEA

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Page 1: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Energy Efficiency Indicators

Laila El-Ashmawy

14 December 2018, Beirut

IEA

Page 2: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

What is energy efficiency?

Is this energy efficiency?

Consume LESS energy to provide SAME service

e.g. substitute Incandescent bulbs with LED

Consume SAME energy to provide MORE service

e.g. increased production with the same energy

Warm up:

Yes / No / Maybe

Page 3: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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What is energy efficiency?

Is this energy efficiency?

Consume LESS energy because of CHANGE in service

e.g. economic restructuring

Consume LESS energy and provide LESS service

e.g. walk or bike instead of drive

Warm up:

Yes / No / Maybe

Page 4: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Overview

Why developing energy efficiency indicators?

What information is available from the energy balances?

What further data are needed to track energy efficiency?

How to collect these data?

Page 5: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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Why developing energy efficiency

indicators?

The importance of energy efficiency

Page 6: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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The importance of energy efficiency – Multiple benefits

Source: IEA (2014), Capturing the multiple benefits of energy efficiency, OECD/IEA, Paris.

Environmental, economic and social

Page 7: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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The importance of energy efficiency – Emission savings

Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016.

Avoided global GHG emissions from energy efficiency improvements

Source: IEA (2017), Energy Efficiency Market Report, OECD/IEA, Paris.

Page 8: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The importance of energy efficiency – key to set targets and

monitor impacts

Page 9: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The importance of energy efficiency – Untapped potential

“Currently, 70% of global energy consumption is not subject to mandatory efficiency standards targets”

Energy consumption covered by efficiency regulations, 2000-2015

Source: IEA (2016), Energy Efficiency Market Report, OECD/IEA, Paris.

Page 10: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

What information is available from the

energy balances?

Are available data enough to track energy efficiency?

Page 11: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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Most countries collect basic energy statistics…

Page 12: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

…which can be combined to build energy balances

ENERGY BALANCE

Page 13: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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The importance of energy balances

WORLD ENERGY BALANCE201

2

Supply

Transformation

Final

consumption

Efficiencies of

transformation sector

Shares of energy

consumption by

sector

Energy intensity,

Self-sufficiency

ENERGY BALANCE

Page 14: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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WORLD ENERGY BALANCE201

2

The limitations of energy balances

What most

countries collect

on a regular basis

is aggregated data

Coal & Peat Crude Oil Oil Products Gas Nuclear HydroGeoth/SolarComb. Ren.&Waste Electricity Heat Total

OTHER SECTORS 136.42 0.23 425.87 633.44 - - 14.37 834.05 820.32 145.22 3036.92

Residential 76.58 - 222.89 418.55 - - 6.98 805.42 395.81 97.97 2024.19

Commercial (Services) 23.30 - 107.32 173.79 - - 1.15 16.33 338.31 32.47 692.67

Agriculture/Forestry 9.57 0.02 102.97 5.58 - - 0.16 7.02 36.20 3.36 164.88

Fishing 0.01 - 5.69 0.02 - - 0.03 - 0.36 0.06 6.17

Non-specified 26.96 0.21 14.00 35.51 - - 6.05 5.28 49.64 11.36 149.01

No breakdown by

end-use:

- space heating

- space cooling

- water heating

- lighting

- cooking

- appliances

No breakdown

by end-use

and

by service category

ENERGY BALANCE

Page 15: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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Balances data example

Road transport is the most consuming.

How do we track road transport efficiency?

We need more detailed data:

- consumption by vehicle typee.g. cars, buses, trucks

- activity datae.g. distance travelled, passenger/tonne-kilometers

Data source: IEA (2017), World energy balances.

Page 16: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Energy balances coupled with macroeconomic data explain

overall consumption patterns

Data for IEA 20 (Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway,

Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA).

Data source: IEA, Energy efficiency indicators.

x x+ 5 x+ 10 x+ 15 x+ 20

( years)

Residential energy consumption index (IEA20)

Aggregated indicators can be useful …

Page 17: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Data for IEA 20 (Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway,

Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA).

* Temperature correction using heating degree days

Data source: IEA, Energy efficiency indicators.

x x+ 5 x+ 10 x+ 15 x+ 20

( years)

Residential energy consumption index (IEA20)

Aggregated indicators

Disaggregated indicators

Different message!!!

We need more disaggregated data to get the full picture

Page 18: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Understanding aggregated indicators requires attention

Energy intensity (TFC/GDP) changes (1990-2010)

Intensity decreased more in country X

-3.0%

-2.5%

-2.0%

-1.5%

-1.0%

-0.5%

0.0%

Av

era

ge

an

nu

al

pe

rce

nt

ch

an

ge Quiz!!

Which country has decreased more its

energy intensity?

(Country X / Country Y)

Can we say that Country X has improved

more in ENERGY EFFICIENCY?

(Yes / No / Maybe)

Country X Country Y

Data source: IEA, Energy efficiency indicators.

Page 19: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

-3.0%

-2.5%

-2.0%

-1.5%

-1.0%

-0.5%

0.0%

Av

era

ge

an

nu

al

pe

rce

nt

ch

an

ge

Aggregated indicators are sometimes used inappropriately

Country X intensity reduction was mostly due to structural changes,

while country Y improved more in energy efficiency.

Energy intensity (TFC/GDP) changes (1990-2010)

Data source: IEA, Energy efficiency indicators.

Country X Country Y

Page 20: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

What further data are needed to track

energy efficiency?

Page 21: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Energy efficiency indicators: what level of detail?

End-use

efficiency indicators

Process/appliance

efficiency indicators

TPES/GDP

TFC/Population

….

Energy use /ton steel

Heating /square meter

Aggregated

Indicators

Energy use /# TVs

data requirement

Commonly available

data: Energy Balances

Page 22: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Energy efficiency indicators: definition

An efficiency indicator explain how much energy is needed to provide a certain service

generic

energy efficiency indicator

energy consumption

activity

3

2

0

3

5

0

3

7

0

Page 23: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Indicators for residential

energy efficiency

indicator

energy

activity

For each end-use:

Space heating*

Space cooling*

Water heating

Cooking

Lighting

Appliances (energy use, stock, diffusion)

Refrigerator

Freezer

Dishwasher

Clothes washer

Clothes dryer

TV

Computers

* Temperature corrected, using HDD & CDD

# of dwellings floor area (m²)

Page 24: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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Residential: matching energy and activity

# of dwellings

floor area (m²)

Space

heating/coolingWater heating

QUIZ

Page 25: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Residential: matching energy and activity

# of dwellings

floor area (m²)

QUIZ

Appliances

Page 26: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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AppliancesAppliance stocks

Residential: matching energy and activity

floor area (m²)

QUIZ

Page 27: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Indicators for services

# of employees Floor area (m²) Value added ($)

energy efficiency

indicator

energy

activity

For each end-use:

Space heating*

Space cooling*

Lighting

Other building use

Non-building use

* Temperature corrected, using HDD & CDD

Page 28: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Indicators for industry

Value added ($)

Energy efficiency

indicator

energy

activity

For major ISIC subsectors (by energy product)

Paper

Chemicals

Other non-metallic mineral

Basic metals

Physical production (t)

Page 29: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Industry sub-sectors

energy balance: sub-sector

19 sub-sectors

•Chemical

•Iron and steel

•Non-ferrous metals

•Non-metallic minerals

•Pulp and paper

.... etc.

Basic Oxygen Furnace

Electric Arc FurnaceDirect Reduced Iron

Cement

Clinker

Pulp

Recovered paper

Paper and paperboard

AluminumBauxite

Primary

Recycled

Ethylene

Propylene

BTX

Chemical pulp

Mechanical pulp

Newsprint

Household sanitary

Alumina refining

Inked

De-inked

Printing + writing

19 sub-sectors

Page 30: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Indicators for transport

energy efficiency indicator

energy

activity

Transport segment passenger / freight

Transport modes

road, rail, air, water, etc.

Vehicle

stockDistance

travelled

Passenger-km

or

tonne-km

Occupancy

Load factor

Page 31: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Transport: defining energy efficiency

Transport MORE and FARTHER with LESS fuel consumption

e.g. Is it more energy efficient to use public transport instead of personal cars?

Quiz!

(Yes / No / Maybe)

Page 32: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Transport: defining energy efficiency

Transport MORE and FARTHER with LESS fuel consumption

e.g. Is it more energy efficient to use public transport instead of personal cars?

Needs detailed ACTIVITY data in addition to fuel consumption…

Page 33: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Activity data needed for transport indicators

Activity and structure

Stock of vehicles

Vehicle-kilometres

Passenger-kilometres

Tonne-kilometres

V-km =

P-km =

Avg. load =

5km + 5 km = 10 v-km

6 passengers * 5 km = 30 p-km

p-km/v-km = 30 / 10 = 3 p/v

Page 34: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Indicators link activity and energy data – the reality

Need to understand the accuracy of both the energy and activity data – size of error terms

Think about data in indicators

generic

energy efficiency indicator

energy use + ε

activity + ε

Page 35: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

How to collect

energy efficiency data?

Page 36: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The IEA EEI data collection

Agreed by member countries in 2009 (IEA Ministerial)

Developed with international community of experts,based on historical work on indicators (Odyssee, LBNL, etc.)

A user-friendly Excel template (available online)

Collects energy consumption and activity data

Covers four sectors: residential, services, industry, transport

A publication: Energy efficiency indicators Highlights

Page 37: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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Energy Efficiency Indicators Highlights – new edition coming out soon!

Page 38: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The end use data collected by the IEA

Statsland

Residential

Services

Industry

Transport

Space heatingSpace coolingWater heating

CookingLighting

AppliancesOther

Space heatingSpace cooling

LightingOther

Iron and steel

Chemicals

Paper

Basic metals

Other

Textiles

Passenger cars

Other

BusesPasseng. trains

Freight trainsTrucks

Oil

Natural Gas

Renew. & waste

Heat

Electricity

Other

Country Sector

(…)

End use Energy product Energy indicator

Per capita energy intensity (GJ/cap)

Per dwelling energy intensity (GJ/dw)

Per floor area energy intensity (GJ/m2)

Per unit equipment energy intensity (GJ/unit)

Per VA energy intensity (GJ/USD PPP 2010)

Per services employee energy intensity (GJ/employee)

Per physical output energy intensity (GJ/t)

Fuel intensity (liters/100 vkm)

Passenger-kilometer energy intensity (MJ/pkm)

Tonne-kilometer energy intensity (MJ/tkm)

Vehicle-kilometer energy intensity (MJ/vkm)

Other

Page 39: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The IEA energy efficiency indicators (EEI) template

Page 40: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The EEI template: starting point for data collection

Page 41: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

The EEI template: helps identifying data gaps and issues

Page 42: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

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Methods used to collect data for indicators

Administrative sources

before starting new data collection

Surveys

representative sample

possibly expanding existing surveys

Metering and measuring

costly but very effective for monitoring specific equipment efficiency

Modelling

complementary to surveys or stand alone

Page 43: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Tools to develop indicators

Fundamentals on statistics:

to provide guidance on how to collect the data needed for indicators

Includes a compilation of existing practices from across the world

https://goo.gl/Y8QD1G

Essentials for policy making:

to provide guidance to develop and interpret energy efficiency indicators

https://goo.gl/agcNg2

Both available also in:

Spanish

Russian

Chinese

Page 44: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Country practices database

A platform to share expertise worldwide:

practices are available in a searchable database.

Contact us and share your practice!

https://www.iea.org/eeindicatorsmanual/

Page 45: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

Key Messages

Detailed end-use and activity data are crucial.

WHY:

highlighting priority subsectors,

understanding energy efficiency trends,

monitoring policy effectiveness.

HOW:

raising awareness of detailed data needs,

adapting data collection to the country profile,

sharing expertise across countries and organizations.

Page 46: Energy Efficiency IndicatorsThe importance of energy efficiency –Emission savings Energy efficiency reduced GHG emissions by 4 GtCO 2-eq, or 13% of total CO2 emissions in 2016. Avoided

© OECD/IEA 2018

www.iea.orgIEA

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Understanding where energy is used: the importance of end-use data