Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface...

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2019 Iowa Water Conference: Brett H Emmons, PE, P.Eng (AB), ENV SP, LEED AP; CEO, Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc. Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is the Best Kept Secret ”Back to Basics” Photograph: Mrs. Ch. Harris Wisconsin Historical Society

Transcript of Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface...

Page 1: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

2019 Iowa Water Conference:

Brett H Emmons, PE, P.Eng (AB), ENV SP, LEED AP;

CEO, Emmons and Olivier Resources, Inc.

Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest

and Use/Reuse Is the Best Kept Secret

”Back to Basics”

Photograph: Mrs. Ch. Harris

Wisconsin Historical Society

Page 2: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Emmons & Olivier Resources, Inc.

w a t e r I e c o l o g y I c o m m u n i t y

Page 3: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Overview – Harvest and (Re)Use

I. Age Old Value Meets

Contemporary Issues

A. Stormwater as a Resource

B. Not just for Arid Climates

II. Potential Benefits, Examples

A. Water Conservation

B. Stormwater Management

C. Water Quality

D. Hydrology

III. Potential Pitfalls

A. Know Your Context

B. Understand Your Goals

IV. Questions?

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Breaking Linear Thinking

1. Pay to “dispose” of

runoff

2. Pay again for potable

water

$

Environment

Energy

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Breaking Linear Thinking

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Age Old Practice

Common Practice Globally

Paradox of Water in the U.S.

Paying to “dispose” of runoff

$ Costs

Environmental Costs

Paying again for potable water

$ Costs

Environmental

Energy / GHG

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Re/Use for Stormwater Management has

Conservation Benefits

Intersection of Stormwater &

Water Use

Addressing Volume-Based

Permitting:

• Problem Sites

– Soils, Bedrock, Contamination, High WT

• Accounting Method

– “How much Volume Control?”

Water Supply Concerns:

• Nationally, Water Supply is Large Issue

• MN – GW Decline, e.g., White Bear Lake

• https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.p

hp?title=Stormwater_and_rainwater_harve

st_and_use/reuse

Source: Minnesota Public Radio News

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Stormwater as a Resource

Rainwater Harvesting • Simple Technology

• Address water scarcity

• Can be implemented at a

variety of scales

• Relatively low cost

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Stormwater as a Resource

But We Have Plenty of Water!

Cedar Rapids, IA flooding in 2008

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Not just for Arid Climates

Growing Practice in all Climate

Regions (including the Midwest)

Broad Set of Goals Addressed

Re/Use Need Not Be Limited

to Rainwater Harvesting

Beneficial Use Applications

for Many Settings

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Up to 50% of Demands are Non-potable in Multifamily Residential Buildings

Source: adapted from Alliance for Water Efficiency

Re/Use for Conservation

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Re/Use for Conservation

Source: USEPA

Up to 95% of Demands are Non-potable in Commercial Buildings

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Runoff Treatment -

A Paradigm Hierarchy Shift

Rainwater Harvesting

Subsurface Infiltration

Surface Infiltration

Biofiltration

Detention

Filtration

Hydrodynamic Separation

Red

uct

ion

T

rea

t-R

elea

se

BM

P P

refe

ren

ce

High

Source: City of Santa Monica, CA - Office of Sustainability and the Environment

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Reuse Examples

1.Rural/Agr./Golf Course – Shields Lake

2.Residential (Suburban) – Argenta Hills, IGH

3.Residential (Ultra Urban) – Rose, Mpls

4.School/Residential – Waconia Athletic Fields

5.Office (Ultra Urban) – Capital Region WD

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Shields Lake Reuse Project

2016 TP Yields (lb/ac-yr)

West (761 ac)

450 lb

Middle (1,841 ac)

958 lb

East (5,948 ac)

1,258 lb

Priority Subsheds

% of Total Load:

JD6 = 30%

Shields = 28%

Direct = 16%

Hayward Ave = 9%

Castlewood E = 5%

0.01-0.10

0.11-0.20

0.21-0.30

0.31-0.40

0.41-1.00

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Shields Lake Diagnostic

Monitoring

June 4, 2015 - June 6, 2016

Captured runoff from 89% of total watershed area

Shields

Lake

Sump Pump W

2 lb/yr 180 µg/L

(63% orthoP)

Ditch West

234 lb/yr 450 µg/L

(69% orthoP) 208th St

+ 143 lb/yr 360 µg/L

(56% orthoP)

210th St

2 lb/yr 54 µg/L

(26% orthoP)

Sump Pump N

n/a

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Shields Lake Stormwater Reuse

System & Alum Treatment Project

Existing

Irrigation

Pond

Proposed

Reuse

Pond

Proposed

Reuse Pipe

Equalizer Pipe

between N. and S.

Irrigation Ponds

Overflow to

Neighborhood

CWF Grant = $824,000

CLFLWD Match = $206,000

Total Project = $1,030,000

Whole Lake

Alum Treatment

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Water Quality Benefits of Re/Use

Project Benefits:

TP Reduction of 67 lb/yr (~50% Reduction) Groundwater Consumption Reduced by 8.5 MG/year

Downstream Peak Runoff Rates Reduced by 5 %– 20%

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Argenta Hills Development

Natural drainage patterns,

Stormwater Harvesting

Cul-de-sac filtration gardens

Urban Open Space

Open/green space planning

0

1

1

0

100,000

200,000

1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28

Overflow

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Re/Use for Stormwater Management

Argenta Hills Development

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The Rose - Urban Redevelopment

Rendering by MSR Design

Livable Communities / Quality of Life

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The Rose- Urban Redevelopment

Urban Greyfield Redevelopment

to Multi-Family, Mixed-Income,

Sustainable Community Housing

Page 23: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

The Rose- Urban Redevelopment

Community garden with stormwater reuse system for irrigation

Native landscaping with stormwater storage

Interpretive Water-Wall

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Reuse Helps a School: Bayview School, Waconia, MN (win-win-win)

Storage

Diverted

Drainage

Burandt

Lake

Irrigation

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Reuse Helps a School: Bayview School, Waconia, MN:

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Office Redevelopment – CRWD Offices

Rendering by MSR Design

Work Space and Outdoor Lab

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Example 2: CRWD Office

Urban Greyfield Redevelopment

to Sustainable Office

Reuse – Indoor and Outdoor

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Example 2: CRWD Office

2019 Water Summit: Bridging Science and Society

May 9-10, 2019

St. Paul, MN

Page 29: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Know Your Context & Pick the Tool

Reuse Models (Reviewed in MN Stormwater Manual)

1. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VDCR)

2. North Carolina State University (NCSU)

3. Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)/ American Rainwater

Catchment Systems Association (ARCSA)

4. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC)

5. Mississippi Watershed Management Organization (MWMO) /

Minnehaha Creek Watershed District (MCWD)

6. Metropolitan (Met) Council

7. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) / Ramsey-

Washington Metro Watershed District (RWMWD)

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The Reuse Calculator

Benilde-St. Margaret Example:

Page 31: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

The Reuse Calculator

Benilde-St. Margaret Example:

Page 32: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

The Reuse Calculator

Benilde-St. Margaret Example:

SUMMARY:

Annual Basin Dynamics

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

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80,000

1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28

Ove

rflo

w V

olu

me

(cu

bic

fe

et)

Vo

lum

e in

Ba

sin

(cu

bic

fe

et)

DRY YEAR (2009)

Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin

0

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10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

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45,000

50,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

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1/1 4/11 7/20 10/28

Ove

rflo

w V

olu

me

(cu

bic

fe

et)

Vo

lum

e in

Ba

sin

(cu

bic

fe

et)

AVERAGE YEAR (2011)

Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin

0

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70,000

80,000

0

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20,000

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Ove

rflo

w V

olu

me

(cu

bic

fe

et)

Vo

lum

e in

Ba

sin

(cu

bic

fe

et)

WET YEAR (2007)

Overflow Volume at Overflow Minimum Volume Basin

Overflow

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Area = 31 Ac.

Impervious = 38%

Treatment Reductions:

Phosphorus

Volume

Conventional 50 % 3 %

Reuse 80 % 62 %

The Reuse Calculator: Benilde-St. Margaret Example

Page 34: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Conclusions

Need to optimize storage ($)

with stormwater reduction (%)

Available green space as

limitation in ultra-urban

settings (off-site, parks)

Size of storage basin as

limitation in natural areas

Retrofit existing

ponds/reservoirs?

Page 35: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Understand Your Goals

Reduce Strain on Supply, Water Supply Protection

Alternative Water Supply (Arid Areas)

Shift Irrigation away from Potable (Golf Courses)

Sustainability Goals

Energy Conservation / GHG Reductions

Distributed System (less Centralized) – Resiliency

Reduce Stormwater Impacts

New LID/GI Tool

Problematic Soils, Contamination, Shallow Bedrock

Highly Urban Areas – Building setbacks

…Regional Approaches!

Page 36: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Questions?

Page 37: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Brett Emmons P.E., P.Eng. (AB), Water Resources Engineer

6 5 1 . 7 7 0 . 8 4 4 8 / w w w . e o r i n c . c o m

Thank you

Date!

2019 Water Summit May 9-10, 2019

FWS, Save the St. Paul, MN

Page 38: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Know Your Context & Pick the Tool

Category Subcategory

VDCR

Cistern Design

Spreadsheet

NCSU

Rainwater Harvester

TWDB

Rainwater

Calculator

SFPUC

Rainwater

Harvesting

Calculator

MWMO

Stormwater

Reuse Calculator

Met Council

Water Balance

Tool

MPCA

MIDS Calculator

Methodology

(continued) Pollutants None Nitrate None None TP None TP, TSS

Advantages

Simple to set up and

use

Graphical user

interface allows easier

use

Simple to set up and

use Comes pre-loaded with Minnesota data

Ability to define additional uses Enhanced

graphical output

Daily time step precipitation and ET

computations based on extended

historical record

Ability to apply

specific periods of

interest vs. fixed

historical record

Only calculator

reviewed that can

account for open

basin storage (vs.

cistern) dynamics,

e.g., water surface

evaporation

Limitations

Graphical user

interface prevents

customization or

review of

computational

methodology

Computational

method and time

step too simple

Reliance on single

representative wet,

dry and average

years

Types of modeled

uses and

generated

outputs limited by

MIDS GUI

generalized

output format

needed for other

non-harvest and

use BMPs

Minnesota data must be collected, formatted and integrated into calculator

Use of historical long-term

meteorological data vs. user defined

or more recent periods of interest

Page 39: Emerging Approaches - Stormwater Harvest and Use/Reuse Is ... · Rainwater Harvesting Subsurface Infiltration Surface Infiltration Biofiltration Detention Filtration Hydrodynamic

Example 2: The Rose- Urban Redevelopment

Urban Greyfield Redevelopment

to Multi-Family, Mixed-Income,

Sustainable Community Housing