Hydrolysis

BY

S.SRIVIDHYA

III BIOCHEMISTRY

Introduction

Enzymatic conversion of one chemical compound to another is called drug metabolism

Aim :Make drug water soluble

Mostly in liver (importance)

Phases of drug metabolismPhase I:

Non-synthetic reactions such as cleavage

e.g. oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Formation or modification of a function group.

More hydrophilic molecules are produces

Phase II

Synthetic reactions such as conjugation with an endogenous substance

e.g. sulfate, glycine, glucuronicacid

More lipophobic molecules are produced

Hydrolysis

Introduce water molecule

For phase II

Esters,amides,hydrazides and carbamates are hydrolysed

Opposite to oxidation and reduction

Takes a water molecule to cleave the drug

Enzymes also found in kidney,intestine,plasma,etc

Drugs : cholinesters,procaine,procainamide.

Atropine = tropine + tropic acid

Cocaine = benzoic acid + ecgoninemethyl ester.

Procaine = p-amino acid (PABA) + diethyl amino ethanol.

Acetylcholine = acetic acid + choline.

Reaction R-COO-R' + H2O ⇒ R-COOH + R'-OH

R-CO-NH-R' + H2O ⇒ R-COOH + R'-NH2

Examples:cocaine to benzoylecognine

ecognine methyl ester

Hydrolysis of procaine

References

https://youtu.be/ztsBn8gsfHw

https://www.news-medical.net/amp/health/Drug-Metabolism.aspx

https://www.slideshare.net/suniu/drug-metabolism-16091624

https://www.unaab.edu.ng/attachments/484_PRINCIPLES%20OF%20DRUG%20METABOLISM%201Dr%20Saba.pdf