Confucian Academy.pdf

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1 Wong Tai Sin District Council 75 / 2013 issue (10.9.2013) 孔教學院 Proposal for the Establishment of the Confucius Temple by The Confucian Academy Da Cheng Hall of The Confucius Temple, Front View The Confucian Academy 29 August 2013

Transcript of Confucian Academy.pdf

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Wong Tai Sin District Council 75 / 2013 issue (10.9.2013)

孔教學院

Proposal for the Establishment of the Confucius Temple by

The Confucian Academy

Da Cheng Hall of The Confucius Temple, Front View

The Confucian Academy 29 August 2013

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Content

1. Objectives ……………………………………………………….………………..……….…………… P.3

2. An Introduction to Confucianism …………………………………..…………….………… P.3

3. Confucius, the Confucius Temple and the Confucian Academy ………….….… P.4

4. Ideology of the Confucius Temple ………………………………..…………………….…… P.5

5. Social Values in the Construction of the Confucius Temple …………..… P.7 – P.9

6. Religious Significance of the Confucius Temple…………………..……….… P.9 – P.12

7. Cultural Significance of the Confucius Temple…………………………..……P.12- P.18

8. Site Selection ………………………………………………………………………………………… P.18

9. Gross Floor Area (GFA) of the Confucius Temple …………………….………………P.18

10. Facilities …………………………………………………………………….……………… P.18 – P.20

11. Construction, Management and Operation ……………….………………. P.20– P.21

12. Design Considerations ………………………………………………………………. P.21 – P.24

13. District Consultation Forums .…………………………………..…………….…………… P.24

14. Alignment with Land Use Development …….. …………………………….………… P.24

15. The Budget ……………………………………………………………………………………………P.24

※ Wong Tai Sin District and the Confucius Temple …………………………….….... P.25

Document Submission……………………………………………………………………………….. P.26

Appendix 1. Volume Drawing (I) of the Confucius Temple ………………..……….P.27

Appendix 2. Volume Drawing (II) of the Confucius Temple …………….………….P.28

Appendix 3. Design Drawings of the Confucius Temple ……………………P.29 – P.36

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Proposal for the Establishment of the Confucius Temple

by the Confucian Academy 1. Objectives

This document serves as a proposal for the construction of a Confucius Temple in Hong

Kong by the Confucian Academy, an overview of the design and architecture of the

aforementioned Temple, as well as a way of soliciting the advice and support from the Wong Tai

Sin District Council and its District Councillors.

2. An Introduction to Confucianism

Confucianism is one of the thirteen religions recognised by the United Nations, and one of

the six major religions recognised in Hong Kong. Confucianism (the religion of Confucian scholars)

was founded by Confucius. Its fundamentals revolve around the concepts of "Ren” (benevolence),

“Yi” (righteousness), “Li” (propriety, or the practice of rites), “Zhi” (wisdom) and “Xin”

(trustworthiness). Confucius propounded his interpretations of the ancient Five Classics, which

together with The Analects became the most important texts for Confucianism. Confucianism is

based on religious principles as well as humanitarian principles; it places great value on taking an

active part in human society.

Confucius was the principal teacher and sage of Confucianism, as well as one of the

greatest thinkers, politicians and educators the world has ever seen. Confucianism and the

philosophies of Confucian scholarship date back 2563 years; it is an embodiment of the most

essential Chinese traditions; it is a culture which serves as a continuation of almost 3000 years of

heritage, and a source of inspiration of the 2500 years that followed. Not only is it a central pillar

of Chinese culture, it also lies at the heart of China’s soft power.

The value of Confucianism and its scholars’ philosophy has been acknowledged by the

United Nations for its contribution towards long-term social stability and the welfare and

happiness of people, and proven in many societies including those in Japan, Korea, Singapore,

Indonesia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In fact, the “Asian Model” of governance is largely

based on Confucianism’s central principles - loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, kindness,

trustworthiness, righteousness and peace – in combination with the principles of freedom,

democracy, the rule of law and human rights, the discussions of which were also found within

Confucian philosophy. The four East Asian Dragons were born out of this fortuitous blend.

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(The bronze statue of Confucius in Qufu city, Shandong province [total height: 16.928 meters] )

3. Confucius, the Confucius Temple and the Confucian Academy

(Confucius, 551 – 479 BC)

Confucius is one of the world’s greatest philosophers, a teacher and role model of all ages.

His teaching has profoundly influenced Chinese culture in a remarkable range of areas, from

traditions, customs, politics, social hierarchy, the arts, academic studies, through to religious

beliefs. Confucian ideas and codes of conduct have had a lasting impact on interpersonal

relationships, personal values and ways of conducting oneself in society. Back in 478 AD (under

the rule of Duke Ai of the state of Lu), people had already begun building temples of Confucius in

the great sage’s hometown of Qufu in Shandong province. Since then, thousands of Confucius

Temples also known as Wen Temples, or Temples of civil studies, culture and literature have been

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constructed both in China and across the rest of the world, where followers worship the great

sage and pay tribute to his enormous contributions to humanism and society.

A predominantly Chinese society, Hong Kong is a convergence point of East and West where the best of both cultures meet, yet there is not currently a well-established Confucius Temple in the city where people can experience and benefit from Confucius’ philosophies and culture. After spending many years in applying for planning and development permission from the government, the Confucius Academy has successfully gained the support of the Home Affairs Bureau for the construction of a Confucius Temple for the purpose of religious and cultural development in Hong Kong. Upon further investigation, the Confucian Academy learned that the Wong Tai Sin District Council has expressed concerns about the availability of religious, cultural and artistic facilities in the area. In response, the Academy is submitting an application for the construction of a Confucius Temple at the Diamond Hill Comprehensive Development Area . We are currently in the process of consulting with Wong Tai Sin District Council, and we hope the proposal will be supported by the Council and its Councillors.

Founded in Hong Kong by Dr. Chen Huanzhang in 1930, The Confucian Academy has

dedicated itself to the promotion and development of Confucius’ teachings for nearly a century.

Devoted to the nurturing of talents and the advancement of education whilst fostering the values

of integrity and righteousness in society, we follow the Confucian principles of establishing

ourselves by helping others become established, and nurturing future generations with long-term

vision. We consider it our goal and responsibility to contribute to the renaissance of Chinese

culture, to join hands with the wider community in a bid to achieve universal harmony, via a

harmonious Hong Kong society, prosperity and stability in China, as well as world peace at large.

4. Ideology of The Confucius Temple The Confucius Temple will serve as a

flagship religious institution and cultural

venue in Hong Kong, playing a vital role in

the promotion and development of

Confucius’ teachings and philosophies, as

well as the wealth of culture and art within

Confucianism. In addition to its role as a

venue of religious worship, the temple will

offer a range of world-class art and

cultural facilities for a wide variety of

events and activities. The Confucius Temple will serve as a platform to encourage greater social

cohesion across different sectors and organisations within the society, through the promotion of

the Eight Virtues (Filial Piety, Brotherhood, Loyalty, Trustworthiness, Propriety, Righteousness,

Honesty and Honour). Great emphasis will be placed on the education of the younger generation,

and the provision of guidance and support to help young people develop positive attitudes

towards interpersonal relationships, personal values and ways of conducting oneself in society, so

that in a long run, individuals, families and communities will feel a greater sense of care towards

their society and country.

1. Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong

province

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2. Confucius Temple in Beijing 3.Confucius Temple in Deyang, Sichuan 4. Confucius Temple in Quzhou, Zhejiang

13. Confucius Temple in Sanshui, Guangdong 5. Wen Temple (another name for a Confucius temple) in Zizhong, Sichuan

12. Confucius Temple in Fenzhou, Shanxi 6. Wen Temple (another name for a Confucius temple) in Harbin

11. School of Confucius in Guiyang, Guizhou 7. Confucius Temple in Deqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong

10.Confucius Temple in Tainan 9. Confucius Temple in Yunnan 8.Wen Temple (another name for a Confucius temple)

in Zhengding, Hebei

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5. Social Values in the Construction of the Confucius Temple

5.1 Development and Promotion of the philosophies by Confucian scholars, as well as the advancement of culture

(HKSAR Chief Executive Mr Leung Chun-ying, Chief Secretary for Administration Mrs Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor,

Secretary for Home Affairs Mr Tsang Tak-sing meet the senior management team of the Confucian Academy at Government House, showing their support for the promotion and development of Confucian culture, 2013)

The development of Confucianism was built upon the foundation of China’s long and

illustrious history. The great sage’s teachings were a continuation of almost 3000 years of heritage

and traditions before his time, as well as sources of inspiration in the 2500 years that followed;

consequently, the philosophy is an embodiment of over 5000 years of Chinese culture.

Confucianism’s influence on Chinese culture is unique – whether in the crucial role it plays in the

continuation of traditional heritage, the inspirations it offers to future generations, or its ability to

embody the essence of Chinese culture. Despite its long history, Confucianism remains relevant to

the society today.

HKSAR Chief Executive, Mr Leung Chun-ying has long been an avid supporter of Confucian

philosophies, and believes it can foster the advancement of culture in Hong Kong. The Confucius

Temple can serve as a symbol of the essence of Chinese culture, promoting the virtues of

benevolence, kindness, filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty, forgiveness, trustworthiness and

harmony across the entire Hong Kong society, particularly through the long term vision of

nurturing the younger generations. This will contribute greatly to the advancement of culture in

Hong Kong.

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(Secretary for Home Affairs Mr Tsang Tak-sing as officiating guest at the Global Celebration of Confucius’ Birth,

recognising the importance of the promotion and development of Confucian culture. 2007)

5.2 Strengthening the Sense of Nation and Facilitating Racial Harmony

Since its reformation, China has made the development of traditional cultures, especially

Confucian philosophies, one of its priorities. The ideas and philosophies of Confucius have lasting

and profound impacts, transcending the limitations of words, to be passed on through traditions

and rites and become an integral part of people’s values. The sense of cohesion encouraged by

Confucian philosophies plays a critical role in fostering racial harmony among China’s 56 racial

groups and minorities. The construction of a Confucius Temple in Hong Kong will demonstrate

that the SAR embraces the spirit of “One Country” within the two systems. In addition, it will also

strengthen the cultural identity of the Chinese diaspora across the world and a wide spectrum of

society. Both in terms of culture and psychology, the influence of Confucianism has special

significance in the country’s unification.

(Former Chairman Jiang Zemin meets with representatives of the International Confucian Association at the Great Hall of the People, 1994)

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5.3 Affirming Traditional Values and Boosting Cultural Confidence.

As a major cosmopolitan city, Hong Kong serves as a convergence point for both Chinese

and Western cultures, where diverse opinions and values are welcomed with a strong sense of acceptance. Underpinning its culture are the ideas of Confucian philosophies and teachings, yet there is still not a venue dedicated to Confucianism, despite the passing of 16 years since the SAR’s return to China. Not only does the construction of a Confucius Temple fill the void in this crucial area, but it also demonstrates the SAR government’s dedication to the affirmation of traditional Chinese values, which will consequently boost the Cultural Confidence of Hong Kong’s people as members of a Chinese society.

6. Religious Significance of the Confucius Temple

6.1 Religious Necessity of the Confucius Temple

Religions the world over have been represented by their temples, churches, mosques or

other analogous buildings or locations. These “places of worship” provide a physical focal point

where the religion’s followers can perform rites and worship their saints and deities. In Hong Kong,

there are six major religions, five of which are represented by numerous of places of worship.

However, one religion is excluded from this group – Confucianism. Although there are more than a

thousand Confucius Temples overseas, Confucianism does not have an ideal temple of worship in

Hong Kong, despite its increasing religious and cultural involvements.

A Confucius Temple is one of the most important carriers for Confucian cultures, which

form an essential building block of Chinese culture. Confucius Temple is therefore an important

base for traditional Chinese cultures. Yet without a Temple, the Confucian Sages would have had

no home. In view of the situation, the Confucian Academy proposes the construction of a

Confucius Temple, modelled after the temple in the town of Qufu, Confucius’ hometown in

Shandong Province. The Temple will play many roles; as well as a place of worship where followers

can perform rites in honour of the great sage, it will serve as a focal point for the promotion and

development of Confucius’ ideas and philosophies, whilst cultivating a stronger culture based on

humanistic values, benefiting the hearts and minds of people and the nation’s morals. The Temple

also will be an academic destination, where research can be conducted and exchange scholars

from both Hong Kong and abroad will be welcomed. Furthermore, it also serves as an attraction

for visitors from the Mainland and overseas who have an interest in Confucianism.

The Temple will host a variety of religious performances, such as theatre, dance, guqin (a

traditional Chinese musical instrument) performance, painting, calligraphy, qigong and martial arts.

The main square will be the perfect venue for traditional dances such as the dances of “Bade” (the

Eight Virtues) and “Liuyi” (the Six Arts) as well as the live performance of sacred music, offering

the audience powerful first-hand experiences of the diversity of Confucian culture and the

religion’s fundamental sacredness.

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6.2 The Religious Functions of the Confucius Temple

The Confucius Temple is a place of religious worship as well as an example of religious and

culturally-significant architecture. It serves many crucial religious functions, of which a few are

listed below as examples.

6.2.1 The performance of religious rites

The primary as well as most important religious function of the Confucius Temple is to

provide a venue for the performance of religious rites. It is only through a Confucius Temple that

people will inherit the sense of respect and reverence towards Confucius, and for the strong sense

of traditional moral to rekindle in people’s heart and the society’s psyche, to ultimately realise

Confucius’ ideals. Without the Confucius Temple, there will consequently be no tangible medium

for the heritage to be passed on.

Each year the Confucian Academy hosts the international celebration of Confucius’ birth.

Without a dedicated venue, the Academy has been using spaces rented from the HKSAR

Government for these celebrations. Unfortunately these spaces are often not equipped with all

the facilities required for the performance of religious rites in Confucianism. Once completed, the

Confucius Temple will provide an ideal venue to host the annual ceremonies in honour of

Confucius, Mencius and other great sages of the past. This sacred Confucian site will be home to

joyous celebrations attended both by followers of the religion and by the wider community.

Other rites and religious activities include: the rite to worship Heaven, the rite to worship

Confucius, ancestral worship and the worship of the great heroes in Chinese history. Traditional

folk festivals including the Spring Festival (Lunar Chinese New Year), Mid-Autumn Festival and

Chung Yeung Festival will also be celebrated at the temple. All these festivities will proudly

demonstrate how rites and rituals have been held in high esteem by Chinese culture throughout

its long and illustrious history.

Confucian Wedding Ceremony 1 Confucian Wedding Ceremony 2 Confucian Wedding Ceremony 3

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Confucian Wedding Ceremony hosted by the Confucian Academy Kaibi Ceremony hosted by the Confucian Academy

(“Kai”, open; “Bi”, pen: the ritual of welcoming young

children to the world of learning)

1.A large calligraphy brush is presented 2.Children citing classic passages by the sages 3.Getting ready to use their first

at the commencement of the ceremony calligraphy brush

The Confucius Temple will provide a venue for residents from Wong Tai Sin and other parts

of Hong Kong to take part in a series of Confucian rites and ceremonies, which celebrates

meaningful stages along life’s journey, such as children learning to write, young peoples’ rites of

passage, wedding ceremonies, memorial services and tribute events. Each one of these embodies

the ideas of Confucianism, and expresses the great sage’s ideals of benevolence and kindness

through the acknowledgment of people’s needs in different stages of life.

6.2.2 Promoting Religious Exchange

In Hong Kong, people from both the East and West enjoy great cultural diversity and

religious freedom. Each religion has its own doctrines, beliefs and ideas; Confucianism is a

proponent of the harmonious co-existence of different beliefs. To nurture a culture of mutual

understanding, appreciation and respect in society, a channel for effective communication and

exchange is required. The Confucius Temple provides just such a platform, showcasing Confucian

culture to religious leaders from Hong Kong and the rest of the world, whilst fostering exchanges

between different religions. Such exchanges represent movements towards Confucius’ ideal of

universal harmony, by contributing to peace and positive development in human societies.

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(Former HKSAR Chief Executive, Mr Donald Tsang Yam Kuen and six religious leaders, 2008)

6.2.3 Preserving and Curating Sacred Confucian Artefacts and Cultural Heritage, whilst Promoting Tourism

The Confucius Temple is a sacred site for Confucianism. Upon its completion, the Confucius

Temple in Hong Kong will be home to one of the largest and most magnificent Da Cheng Halls and

Confucius statues in the world.

A Classics and Rare Books Library and a Museum of Traditional Chinese Culture will be

housed within the Temple. In addition to the statues or portraits of the great sages in history, a

collection of precious Confucian relics from around the world, such as calligraphy works and books

by ancient sages, will be exhibited at the venues. As well as promoting Confucianism, these

artifacts and cultural resources will also attract visitors from the city and around the world, and

will therefore represent a valuable tourist attraction, especially for overseas visitors who are

interested in Chinese culture. 7. Cultural Significance of the Confucius Temple

The Confucius Temple is primarily a venue for performing religious rites to honour and

worship Confucius. As the “Temple-School System” developed after the Tang Dynasty, Confucius Temples began to adopt a special type of architecture. In every important city and town, there was a Confucius Temple. It is only natural that a Confucius Temple should be built as soon as possible in Hong Kong - Asia’s World City and China’s southern window on the world.

7.1 The Confucius Temple and Confucian Culture

The Establishment of a Confucius Temple will represent a fitting recognition of the

esteemed status of Confucianism, and also contribute to the renaissance of traditional Chinese

culture. Concepts such as “Education for all”, “Kindness and care to all people, creatures and

objects” and the “Principles of loyalty and forgiveness” will be promoted, with an emphasis on the

new interpretation of Confucius’ teachings taking into account the multitude of different

situations throughout today’s world. It is hope that the esteemed wisdom of Confucius and

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Mencius will encourage mankind to place greater value on integrity and righteousness, against the

troubling trend of decay and negativity in today’s society.

The Confucius Temple will serve as a flagship architecture of Hong Kong, playing a vital role in the promotion and development of Confucius’ teachings and philosophies, as well as the wealth of culture and art within Confucianism. In addition to its role as a venue of religious worship, ceremonies and important gatherings, the temple will offer a range of world-class art and cultural facilities for a wide variety of events and activities. The Confucius Temple will serve as a platform to showcase the aforementioned activities, offering a first-hand experience for people from Hong Kong and the rest of the world in the understanding and appreciation of Confucianism, its power and elegance, as well as its immense value to the society.

Benevolence and righteousness are at the core Confucius’ ideas. Through the principle of

“Honouring Confucianism and Promoting Learning”, the Confucian Academy aims to promote and

develop Chinese cultural traditions and to pass on the wisdom of the sages to our future

generations . We will organise a range of community events that will foster greater social cohesion

within Wong Tai Sin and other districts, embracing different groups and organisations within the

Hong Kong society. Youth education is our key focus. Through the promotion of the Eight Virtues

(Filial Piety, Brotherhood, Loyalty, Trustworthiness, Propriety, Righteousness, Honesty and

Honour), we aim to provide the younger generation with guidance and support, helping them to

develop a positive attitude towards interpersonal relationships, personal values and ways of

conducting oneself in society. Another goal is the promotion of culture and the wisdom of the

sages, targeting the wider community. Through these initiatives, we hope to encourage young

people to develop a greater sense of care towards society and their country, and in turn building

stronger families and communities.

7.2 The Cultural Connotations of the Confucius Temple

The Confucian culture is both vast and profound, deeply rooted in its long and impressive

history. The Confucius Temple and the study of Confucianism complement each other as the

tangible and intangible dimensions of the same concept. The two are indeed one and the same.

The concept is incomplete if either part is missing, whilst a synergy is possible if both are present.

7.2.1 The Confucius Temple as Exemplification of an Architectural Culture

The architecture of a Confucius Temple is in itself a type of tangible culture. Not only is the construction that we propose faithful to the architectural traditions established by major Confucius Temples in the past and present, but also a large number of modern elements are introduced to create an organic combination of its artistic quality, practicality, and sustainability whilst achieving an optimal balance. Thanks to its careful and well-considered design, this project will bring to Hong Kong a forward-thinking and sustainable Confucius

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Temple, whose influence as a culture will extend to the rest of the world.

The Temple’s design features a central axis that runs through the main halls and sections

of the building, from the Collage Gate, through to the Pan Fountain, Wan Ren Gate, Li Road, Yi

Road, Ling Xing Gate through to the Da Cheng Hall. This is a specific representation of traditional

Chinese culture and Confucian philosophy. A rich variety of decorations, engravings, wall murals

and sculptures will add to the aesthetic appeal of the architecture. Walking into the Confucius

Temple, one will appreciate its architectural and artistic interest, whilst at the same time

immersing oneself in Confucian culture, experiencing first-hand its power and grace.

7.2.2 The Exemplification of a Culture of Learning Through Classical Arts

Confucius said, “ lean upon benevolence for support and take recreation in the arts.” The

great sage believed that cultivation of wisdom and the learning of the arts were one and the same.

A wide range of cultural designs will be displayed in the Confucius Temple, including a statue of

Confucius, statues of the sages, plaques with calligraphy inscriptions, calligraphy works by

renowned scholars, stone tablets with inscriptions of the Classics, and Confucian artifacts. In this

dedicated space, visitors can admire the works of the ancient sages and great scholars, and

experience the wisdom of the sages through the careful study of these revered relics.

Confucius said, “A gentleman is widely versed in culture but brought back to essentials by

the rites.”More than half of the primary schools, secondary schools and universities in Hong Kong

have based their school mottos or emblems on Confucius’ teachings, and these motors can offer

an insight into the wealth of cultural wisdom in Confucianism: The University of Hong Kong’s

motto is “Mingde Gewu” (明德格物), “To manifest virtue and to investigate things” is from

Confucian classic The Great Learning; The Chinese University of Hong Kong’s “Bowen Yueli” (博文

約禮), “Through learning and temperance to virtue” is from The Analects; Chung Chi College,

founded by Christian Churches in Hong Kong, also takes its motto from The Great Learning: “Zhiyu

Zhishan” (止於至善), “To rest in the highest excellence”; the Catholic Wah Yan College’s motto is

“Gewu Zhizhi”(格物致知), “The extension of utmost knowledge lies in the investigation of things”;

the Catholic La Salle College’s motto is “Keji Fuli” (克己復禮), “To subdue one's self and return to

propriety”; lastly, the Confucian Academy has adopted the motto “Jingjiao Quanxue” (敬教勸學),

“Honour Confucianism and Promote Learning”.

7.2.3 The Exemplification of a Culture of Rites and Music

Confucianism places a strong emphasis on rites and music, and considers them the

cornerstones of education; it also encourages the combination of the two. In fact, the rituals,

ritual objects, and musical instruments in Confucius Temples are often considered to be key

objects that exemplify the intangible culture of the Temples. The rites and rituals in Confucius

Temples, which follow a strict set of rules, are renowned for their impressive ceremonial costumes

and elegant ceremonies; they are considered national treasures. According to ancient scripture,

“Hua Xia”, another name for China, literally meaning glamorous and elegant, came from a

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description of its dress and ceremonies. Those who take part in the ceremonies display total

concentration, each devoting full dedication to the role they are to perform in a ceremony

demanding high cultural standards. The ritual objects and musical instruments were masterfully

designed to express the rich cultural concepts that inspired the ceremonies. Traditional bells,

drums, chimes and qin, together with lamps, stoves, panels and wine cups are used in accordance

with Confucian rituals to create the perfect harmony of musical elements and a reverent

atmosphere – the ceremony is grand and solemn, filled with a sense of honour and righteousness.

7.2.4 An Academic Exchange Platform

The Confucius Temple will foster and encourage academic exchange by hosting regular

seminars and lectures on Chinese culture by experts and scholars from a range of different fields,

covering topics such as the study of the Four Books and Five Classics - an authoritative collection

of Confucius’ works, as well as philosophers and sages from other schools of thoughts, such as

Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi and numerous others. Scholars of Confucianism and Chinese studies from

Hong Kong and overseas will visit the temple to attend these seminars and lectures. Such

exchanges are expected to contribute greatly to the academic reputation of Hong Kong; those

most directly benefited are of course residents of Wong Tai Sin, with these engaging and inspiring

events being held in their own neighbourhood.

(President Tong Yun Kai speaks at the International Confucian Studies Forum, organised by the

Confucian Academy, 2012)

7.2.5 Major Events and Activities at the Confucius Temple (1) Rites

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Dates Dates in Lunar Calendar Occasion Remarks

February Winter Solstice/ Chinese New Year

Heaven and Earth Worship Ritual

February 2nd to 6th day of Chinese New Year

Honouring the Ancient Sages Ritual

February “Every Man’s Birthday”, 7th day of the Chinese New Year

Celebrating the Birth of Man

Rite

February 15th day of the Chinese New Yea (Yuan Xiao)

Spring Lantern Festival Recreational/Arts

March Mid Spring (February) Honouring Confucius (Spring Worship)

Ritual

April Qing Ming Festival Qing Ming Festival “Conduct the funeral of your parents with meticulous care and let not sacrifices to your remote ancestors be forgotten, and the virtue of the common people will incline towards fullness.” The Analects

Ritual/Activities

May 2nd of April, Summer

Birthday of Mencius, the Second Sage

Ritual Family Activities

1 June (Children’s Day) Children’s Gala treat the young in your own family with kindness, so that the young in the families of others shall be similarly treated - do this, and the kingdom may be made to go round in your palm.” - Mencius

Family Gala

June Duan Wu Festival, 5th May

Qu Yuan’s Festival (in memory of the patriotic poet from ancient China)

Literary

August Kai Bi Ceremony (Quan Xue) - (“Kai”, open; “Bi”, pen: the ritual of welcoming young children to the world of learning) – held before the beginning of a school year

Rite

September Mid-Autumn, 15th August

Autumn Lantern Festival Recreational/Arts

September 27th August The Supreme Sage’s Birthday (Birthday of Confucius)

Ritual Arts/Culture

10 September

Teacher’s Festival Rite

1 October National Day Celebration Ritual Praying

October 15th September Zhu Xi’s Birthday (Song Dynasty’s Confucian Scholar)

Ritual

November (Elder’s Day) Elderly’s Gala “Treat the elders in your own family with reverence, so that the elders in the families of others shall be similarly treated; - Mencius

Family Gala

All year round

Kai Bi Ceremonies (the ritual of welcoming young children to the world of learning)

Rite

All year round

Rite of Passage Rite

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All year round

Wedding Ceremonies Rite

All year round

Ancestral Worship and Memorials Rite

All year round

Early Years Kai Bi Ceremonies (the ritual of welcoming young children to the world of learning) (For Three-Year-Old Children)

Rite

All year round

Confucius Dinner Banquets Rite / Arts

(2) Classes

Classes for Children:

Sān zì jīng Bǎi Jiā Xìng Qiān Zì Wén

Yòu Xué Shī

Yòu Xué Qióng Lín

Lóng Wén Biān Yǐng

Shēng Lǜ Qǐ Méng Zhū Zi Zhì Jiā Gé Yán

Táng Shī Sān Bǎi Shǒu

Qiān Jiā Shī

Dìzǐ Guī

The Six Classical Arts: Rites Music (1) (Guqin) Music (2) (Erhu) Music (3) (Pipa)

Archery Horse Riding Calligraphy

(Kai Style) Calligraphy (Li Style)

Calligraphy (Xing Style)

Abacus Calculations

The Classics:

The Analects

Mengzi The Great Learning The State of Equilibrium and Harmony

Records of the Grand Historian

Xunzi The Classic of Filial Piety

Kǒngzǐ Jiā Yǔ

The Book of Poetry

Shàng Shū The Classic of Rites Book of Changes

Chūn Qiū Zuǒ Zhuán

Chu Cí Shān Hǎi Jīng Zhāo Míng Wén Xuǎn

Chūn Qiū Gōng Yáng Zhuán

Chūn Qiū Gǔ Liáng Zhuán

Ěr yǎ

Yí lǐ

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Others Chinese Chess

Go Chess

Tea Appreciation

Couplets Writing (Poetry)

Classics Recital

Chinese Painting 1 (Landscape)

Chinese Painting 2 (Flowers and birds)

Putonghua

The atmosphere of the Confucius Temple is solemn, majestic and grand; its approach

balances tradition and modernity. A religious, cultural as well as social venue, the Temple

combines a wealth of national heritage, a rich cultural content, exquisite artistic designs, as well as

a scientific and vigorous structure – a unique and exemplary achievement that will stand out in

Hong Kong’s architectural landscape.

8. Site Selection

The Academy proposes that the temple be built on the open space adjacent to the Tate's

Cairn Tunnel Bridge, on a site near Lung Cheung Road, Choi Hung Road, Po Kong Village Road and

Hammer Hill Road. In its proximity are the Chi Lin Nunnery (a Buddhist temple) and the Wong Tai

Sin Temple (a Taoist temple). The first large-scale Confucius Temple will thus form a “trio” of

Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist institutions within the same district. Together with St Bonaventure

Church (Catholic) and Redemption Lutheran Church (Christian) in the Wong Tai Sin district, this is a

rare and excellent example of harmonious co-existence of religious diversity, and a special

landmark for the district. Not only does it carry special significance for the promotion and

development of traditional Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist cultures, but it will also bring new

visitors to the area, consequently boosting economic activities, whilst strengthening cultural

exchange and fostering integration within the district.

9. Gross Floor Area (GFA) of the Confucius Temple

The total land area is estimated to be around 8,000 square metres; the gross floor area of the future buildings is estimated to be around 25,000 square metres.

10. Facilities

10.1 Key Facilities within the Confucius Temple:

Da Cheng Hall, statues of Confucius, Mencius, Zengzi ,Zisi,Yan Hui and the 72 disciples,

open to both worshippers and public visitors. A platform in front of the Hall; lounges and galleries for exhibitions on Confucian

beliefs and culture.

10.2 Additional Facilities:

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Special areas, rooms and studios with individual themes, including: Ming De Room,

Ren De Rooms, Dining Hall, Classics Recital Room, Zen Meditation Room, Music Room, Go Studio (Go is a traditional game similar to ddess), Calligraphy Studio and Art Studio. Each space will be elegantly decorated and faithful to the traditional specifications.

Multi-purpose Rooms - These rooms may be used as dance studio, music studio, art

studio, multi-media creative workshop, conference rooms and rooms for small group

meetings, for a variety of youth development, cultural, athletic and artistic activities.

Social Enterprises – Unique Confucian Dinners and Banquets will be hosted to promote traditional Chinese culinary culture; tea rooms and eateries to promote healthy, environmentally-friendly cuisine; there will also be gift shops for traditional arts and crafts. These enterprises will provide employment and training opportunities for young people and local residents.

The Eight Virtues Dance A special dance as part of the Rituals to The Six Arts Dance

Honour Confucius

Chinese archery Gu Qin (classical musical instrument) Chinese chess

Calligraphy Traditional painting Confucius rites and etiquette

Confucius Banquet Performances to express gratitude towards parents Guided Tours

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10.3 Integrated Facilities include:

A library of Confucian Classics and Rare Books - a large, diverse and comprehensive

collection of Confucian literature and artefacts to foster religious, cultural and academic exchange.

Chinese Medicine Clinic – Low-cost medical services for those in need in the local area. Theatre – a venue for Confucian dance and theatre performances, as well as other

cultural and artistic events. Grand Hall – a venue for large-scale meetings and events to promote Confucianism

and Confucian morals and philosophies, as well as other cultural and artistic events.

Exhibition Hall – home to inspirational and educational exhibitions of artefacts related to Confucian cultures, to illustrate the close relationships between Confucianism and Chinese history for the past 2500 years, as well as its influence to the overall development of civilisation.

Lecture Hall – a venue for regular cultural seminars and academic exchange events led by experts and scholars from around the world, to promote understanding of Confucianism and to foster religious exchange.

Grand Hall Tea Ceremonies Confucius Scholars’ Study

Exhibition Hall Zhi Shan Pavilion Classics Recital Room

11. Construction, Management and Operation

11.1 A Management and Consultation Committee will be established; members from the Wong Tai Sin District Council ,Wong Tai Sin District Office and The Chinese Temples Committee will be invited to join the Committee to oversee the construction, management and daily operations of the Confucius Temple.

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11.2 The Management and Consultation Committee will be responsible for the management and

daily operations of the Confucius Temple. All facilities at the Temple will be operated on a self-

financing basis, and open for public booking or rental by residents and organisations within the

district. The fee structure and opening hours of the aforementioned facilities will be determined

by the Confucius Temple Management and Consultation Committee.

12. Design Considerations

The main design of the Confucius Temple comprises the Pan Fountain, Ling Xing Gate,

Main Walls and Da Cheng Hall (See Appendix 1). The Pan Fountain in front of the Ling Xing Gate is

a fountain in the shape of a half moon. Its history can be traced back to the rites of the ancient

Zhou dynasty: at the Zhou Emperor’s school, there were around the building. However, feudal

lords were only allowed to build a fountain on the south-facing side. The word “Pan” carries the

meaning of “half water” in Chinese. Because Confucius was posthumous awarded the title of Wen

Xuan King, the Pan Fountain became a standard feature of Confucius Temple designs.

( Pan Fountain)

( Ling Xing Gate)

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The Ling Xing Gate was three-jian wide (“jian” being the ancient unit of measurement), while the ridge of the roof adopts the Fujian “three-rivers” style. There are four pillars on the main ridge.

The Confucius Temple is situated above three levels, with a special design for the walls

surrounding its four sides. A Confucius Temple is also commonly called a Wen Temple (“Wen”

means “literature”, “culture” or “civil” [as opposed to “martial”] in Chinese). Because it is also the

venue of Confucian studies, it is also called a Palace of Studies or a Palace of Education. The walls

of a Confucius Temple are called the Wan Ren Walls. “Ren” is an ancient measurement unit, while

“wan” means tens of thousands in Chinese. The name of Wan Ren Walls also came from The

Analects, in which a disciple of Confucius responds to someone’s suggestion that he is superior to

Confucius: “Let us take outer walls as an analogy. My walls are shoulder high so that it is possible

to peer over them and see the beauty of the house. But the Master's walls are several ren (twenty

or thirty feet) high so that, unless one gains admittance through the gate, one cannot see the

magnificence of the ancestral temples or the sumptuousness of the official buildings.” To show

respect for the Supreme Sage, the walls of a Confucius Temple are thus called Wan Ren Walls (i.e.

tens of thousands of “ren”s).

(Wan Ren Walls)

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(Dancers perform special rituals in honour of Confucius outside of the Da Cheng Hall)

The Da Cheng Hall is the most important part of a Confucius Temple. Its roof adopts a

traditional double eaves design, and the hall features a five-level structure. The Hall is surrounded by corridors, and at the front there are red stone steps leading up to the entrance. A pair of pillars, each featuring the engraving of a dragon, completes the main design.

In addition to facilities that will accommodate the previously mentioned activities and

events, there are several other design considerations for the Confucius Temple:

12.1 A classical architectural design incorporating modern technology and Confucian traditions

The Temple’s design is based on that of the Confucius Temple in Qufu (Confucius’ hometown) in Shandong province. The overall layout is designed according to traditional specifications, with the Da Cheng Hall in the middle, and four gate towers at the four corners. The Gate of the Hall is built on the central North-South axis. At the front gate is the Statue of Confucius.

12.2 Demand in the local district

Currently, there is a shortage of well-equipped medium size performing arts venue in the

East Kowloon District. The Confucian Temple can house a 200-seat theatre and a 1000-seat hall, as

well as providing an activity space (with a capacity of around 300) for use by young people and

senior residents. These venues will facilitate the development of religious activities and

performing arts in the local district. The Classics and Rare Books Library, with a capacity for 300

people, will have a large collection of books and literature on Chinese and Western cultures

available for public access.

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12.3 Other characteristics of the local district

The theatre, activity rooms of different sizes, and the library (Classics and Rare Books

Library) will serve to facilitate cultural and arts events in the district, contributing to the aim of

fostering greater interaction between Confucian, Buddhist, Taoist as well as Catholic and Christian

groups in the district. These events will be planned to complement development projects

organised by sports complexes, urban parks and the cruise terminal in the district. All of these

projects will be valuable revitalisation initiatives, helping towards Wong Tai Sin’s growth into a

comprehensive development district.

12.4 Benefits for local residents

Both indoor and outdoor activities at the Confucian Temple will be open to the public, in

order to provide additional recreational space in the district. There will also be parking spaces on site.

13. District Consultation Forums

The Confucian Academy will conduct consultation forums to gauge opinions and actively

seek the advice of relevant departments in the Government, Wong Tai Sin District Council and

local representatives, so as to make every effort in ensuring the Temple’s facilities will adequately

meet the demands of residents of the Wong Tai Sin District.

14. Alignment with Land Development Purposes

According to the draft outline zoning plan for Tsz Wan Shan, Wong Tai Sin and San Po Kong,

the site proposed is currently designated as part of the comprehensive development zone, and will be well served by public transportation links in the neighbouring areas. We therefore propose that it would be an appropriate construction site for Hong Kong’s first large-scale Confucian Temple. It is of long-term significance and we hope that the District Council will lend its support to the proposal.

15. The Budget

The Confucian Temple will be designed by Michael Chiang & Associates Architects. The total

cost is expected to be around HKD five hundred million, of which two hundred million will be covered by a donation from Tong Yun Kai, President of the Confucian Academy. The rest of the funds will be raised from other contributions from society.

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Wong Tai Sin District and the Confucius Temple 1. The Establishment of the Confucian Temple will create new development opportunities and

lend momentum to the continual growth within the area.

2. The Confucian Temple will be located in the same district as the Chi Lin Nunnery (a Buddhist temple) and the Wong Tai Sin Temple (a Taoist temple), as well as other Christian and Catholic churches. Wong Tai Sin will become the district with the largest number of different religious buildings in Hong Kong, and this diversity of religious beliefs will lead to increased mutual understanding and will help to foster the values of integrity and righteousness, as well as promoting a harmonious living environment.

3. The Confucian Temple, together with the other religious buildings in the district, will form a “religious trail” showcasing Hong Kong’s diverse religious culture. This will serve as a distinctive site of great cultural interest, that is completely unique in Hong Kong.

4. The Statue of Confucius at the Temple will be one of the most magnificent in the world, with numerous unique features. It is expected to become a new landmark of the Wong Tai Sin District, boosting tourism and the popularity of the district.

5. The vast majority of facilities in the Confucian Temple will be open to the public for free, or to be rented for a nominal fee. Such facilities will serve to enhance the quality of recreational and cultural activities in the area and benefit its residents in the process.

6. As a low-rise and low-density development, the Confucian Temple will release additional space in the developing district, improve the overall appearance in the district’s landscape and create more green areas. These will serve to improve the quality of life for Wong Tai Sin’s residents.

7. Through extensive consultation, we have learnt that the site proposed for the Confucian Temple is not suitable for residential purposes due to its proximity to the highway and road bridges. The Temple will make good use of the available land, providing a site of cultural interest and leisure activities.

8. The Establishment of the Confucian Temple is will cost around hundreds of millions, and it is expected to stimulate economic activities within the district, as well as providing a large number of job opportunities on all levels, therefore improving and promoting local employment.

9. A Management and Consultation Committee will be responsible for the management and daily

operation of the Confucian Temple. Members of the Wong Tai Sin District Council ,Wong Tai Sin District Office and The Chinese Temples Committee will be invited to join the Committee to ensure its independence and fairness.

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Document Submission

Councilor are invited to review and to consider the content of this paper and support the proposed the Establishment of the Confucius Temple.

Appendix 1. Volume Drawing (I) of the Confucius Temple Appendix 2. Volume Drawing (II) of the Confucius Temple Appendix 3. Design Drawings of the Confucius Temple

Confucian Academy August 2013

Remarks: Revision 201308_13

Acknowledgement: Some photos are provided by the Confucian School of Rites and Culture, Qufu,

Shandong.

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Appendix 1. Volume Drawing (I) of the Confucius Temple

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Appendix 2. Volume Drawing (II) of the Confucius Temple

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Appendix 3 Design Drawings of the Confucius Temple

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