Clarifications AR1

7/27/2019 Clarifications AR1

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Thiruvananthapuram Corporation City Development plan

REPLY TO THE COMMENTS IN THE APPRAISAL REPORT

ON THE CDP OF

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

UNDER JNNURM

Para wise reply is noted below:

Para 1. Noted

Para 2. Noted

Para 3. Aspects regarding vision and governance which are discussed at differentplaces in the CDP are now integrated.

Demography, Economy and Land use

Para 4. The project area considered in the CDP is Thiruvananthapuram UA (TUA)as per Census of India 2001. The past trend of population growth was not discussedearlier as the figures may mislead a reader since the area of TUA has been changing inthe last three decades. To help comparative study, the present TUA area figures arecomputed for 1991 &1981. Discrepancies may occur since a whole panchayat areawas not included in the UA but only a part of the panchayat is considered as CensusTown (CT) or Out Growth (OG). In spite of this an attempt is made to compute the pastarea and relevant population to facilitate a comparative study. (Table 3.5 A). Tables 3.5A (1).3.5 A ( 2 ) & 3.5 A (3) under Para 5 may also be seen.

Table 3.5 A

2005 2011

1 Thiruvananthapuram M.C 483086 524006 744983 753550 835228 3.58

2 Kazhakkuttam (OG) - 12515 14410 14743 15084 1.15

3 Sreekaryam (OG) - 17245 21431 21927 22434 1.24

4 Kudappanakkunnu (OG) - 33534 38175 39058 39962 1.13

5 Vattiyoorkavu (OG) - 33653 41890 42859 43850 1.24

6 Kovalam (OG) - 25419 28746 29411 30091 1.13

2001

EstimatedAverage

Annual

Growth

Rate

Sl.

NoCONSTITUENT UNITS OF TUA 1981 1991

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Table 3.7 gives details of the TUA as per Census of India, 2001Table 3.9 falls in Vizhinjam Panchayatgives a picture of the panchayat 5 where theseoutgrowths fall. It may be noted that Kovalam (OG)The change in total populationfigures in Table 3.7 and Table 3.9 (2001 figure) speaks for the variation in the areas ofoutgrowths and the panchayat where these outgrowths fall.

The population growth in the TUA cannot be split into natural increase and migrationsince such figures are not collected by the Census. Moreover comparing with thepopulation increase at the district level for separating the natural growth and attemptingto identify migration after subtracting from such natural increase may not give a correctpicture since natural increase in the district and the city area may not be comparable.Keralas urbanisation is such that rural to urban migration is marginal, and populationgrowth within the TUA but outside the city is substantial. The increasing rate ofurbanisation in the peripheral panchayat areas around the earlier city area of 74.93 sqkm during the last two decades is clearly reflected in the rate of growth of population inThiruvananthapuram Urban Agglomeration. Hence data as per Table 2 of Toolkit couldnot be included.

Defining the CDP areaPara 5. Since the TUA area is changing during the last few decades, it has not beenpossible to discuss the same area as TUA over a period of three decades. Table 3.8shows the constituent units of TUA and the name of the local body in which these unitsfall, with area and population as per 2001 Census.Tables 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 theconstituent units of TUA in 1991, 1991 & 2001 give a better understanding of thevariation in the constituent units of TUA over the three decades which henceforthremain un comparable.Table 3.8 : Variation in the Demographic details of Thiruvananthapuram UrbanAgglomeration and the Constituent local bodies, 2001.

Sl.No. ConstituentUnits

of TUA

Areasq.km

Population2001

Name of LocBody

Area 2001sq.km

Population2001

1Thiruvananthapuam

(MC )141.74

744983 ThiruvananthapuraMunicipalCorporation

141.74 744983

2 Kazhakkoottam(OG)

5.03 14410 Kazhakkoottampanchayath

19.47 34131

3 Sreekariyam (O 8.87 21431 Sreekariyampanchayath

23.73 49145

4 Kudappanakkunu (OG)

7.69 38175 Kudappanakkunnupanchayath

7.69 38175

5 Vattiyoorkavu(OG)

11.11 41890 Vattiyoorkavupanchayath

11.11 41890

6 Kovalam (OG) 3.33 28746 Vizhinjampanchayath

12.62 47170

TOTAL 177.77 889635 TOTAL 216.36 955494

Source : census of India, 2001

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Table 3.6 : Demographic Details of Thiruvananthapuram Urban Agglomeration,1991

sl.no Constituent Unitsof TUA

Areasq.km

Population 1991

1 ThiruvananthapuramMunicipal Corporation 74.93

524006

2 Kazhakkoottam (OG) 5.02 12515

3 Thumpa (OG) 16.03 33880

4 Sreekariyam (OG) 8.87 17245

5 Cheruvikkal 8.7 21286

6 vattiyoorkavu (OG) 10.61 33653

7 Thiruvallom (OG) 12.69 31868

8 Kovalam (OG ) 4.68 25419

9 Ulloor ( CT ) 7.97 25719

10 Kudappanakkunnu(CT ) 7.69 33534

11 Anayara (CT ) 8.14 24541

12 Nemom (CT ) 12.87 42559

TOTAL 178.20 826225

Source :census of India, 1991

Table 3.5 : Demographic Details of Thiruvananthapuram UrbanAgglomeration, 1981

Sl. Constituent Unitsof TUA

Areasq.km

Population 1981

1 ThiruvananthapuramMunicipal Corporati

74.93 483086

2 Thumba (OG ) 10.67 16445

3 Kadakampally ( CT ) 8.14 20594

TOTAL 93.74 520125

Source :census of India, 1981

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Table 3.10 : Literacy Rate

1981 1991 2001

M F Total M F Total M F Total

State 75.2 65.7 70.42 93.62 86.17 89.81 94.24 87.72 90.86

District 75.2 65.8 70.50 92.84 85.76 89.22 92.64 86.14 89.28

Thiruvananthapura 80.0 72.6 76.31 94.82 89.73 92.24 95.12 90.30 92.66

Outgrowths

Kazhakkuttam 81.2 70.6 76.05 95.56 89.40 92.87 96.06 89.48 92.64

Sreekaryam 82.1 73.8 80.84 96.84 91.74 94.24 97.34 93.39 95.30

Kudappanakkunnu 79.2 72.1 76.13 96.2 91.52 94.43 97.01 92.52 94.71

Vattiyoorkavu 78.8 71.3 75.30 94.2 88.89 92.25 94.90 89.66 92.21

Kovalamdata

not availab 70.0 66.2 68.60 76.95 72.18 74.63

source computed from the Census data

Para 6 : The literacy rates for the constituent units in the TUA are given in 3.10 Table.These figures are derived based on comparative studies

The slum population of TMC given as 11667 is taken from the Census, 2001.It maybe noted that the state government or the TMC has not notified any urban slum,though the Kerala Slum (Improvement and Clearance) Act,1980 has provisions fornotification of slums. The Department of Town &Country Planning had carried outstudies on urban slums and published report on urban slums in Kerala in 1985 andmodified in 1995. Since these figures cannot be adopted in 2006 and also since the

City area has almost doubled in 2001, the CDP had to adopt the survey on urban poorconducted by the GOK under the BPL survey, 2001.This survey has identified 1,20,367persons within the city area of 141.74 sq.km to be falling under the category of urbanpoor based on the identification criteria laid down for the BPL. Since this is an officialGOK figure, this is adopted in the CDP. This obviously means that majority of theurban poor live outside the urban slums.

Para 7 Economic Role of TUA

Thiruvananthapuram Urban Agglomeration comprising the capital city of

Thiruvananthapuram is not an industrial region. The main functional role as reflected inthe occupational structure is services which comprise mainly of Government jobs andtrade &commerce.

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Category of workers in Thiruvananthapuram UrbanAgglomerat ion is given below.

Cultivators Agriculturallabourers

Workers inhousehold

Other WorkersPerson/

Male/Female

TotalWorkers

(Main+Marginal)

Number

% Number

% Number

% Number %

Thiruvananthapuram(MC)

PMF

24805418738560669

16789124164373

6.86.67.2

30952234387514

12.512.512.4

1566463189346

6.33.4

15.4

18464914521339436

74.477.565

Kazhakkuttam(OG)

PMF

45063515991

31322984

7.06.58.5

24820741

5.55.94.1

381820

0.80.52.0

39.73061846

86.787.185.4

Sreekaryam(OG)

PMF

700152501751

17616313

2.53.10.8

30828721

4.45.51.2

1306934

1.91.81.9

638747041683

91.289.696.1

Kudappanakkunnu(OG)

PMF

1225891603098

12811414

1.01.20.4

33629937

2.73.31.2

1439152

1.21.01.7

1165186562995

95.194.596.7

Vattiyoorkkavu(OG)

PMF

14068109403198

958114

0.70.70.4

40235250

2.93.21.6

29921584

2.12.02.7

13272102922980

94.394.195.3

Kovalam (OG) PMF

83867533853

533320

0.60.52.4

665412

0.80.71.4

32629630

3.93.93.5

79417150791

94.794.992.7

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Distribution of Main workers in Thiruvananthapuram UA is given below.

Table 2.14: Distr ibution of main workers in TUA

Sl.No

Type of works Mainworkers

1981

% to totalmain

workers1981

Mainworkers

1991

% of totalmain

workers1991

Totalmain

workers2001

% to totalmain

workers2001

1 Cultivators 957 0.70 6991 2.86 17554 5.97

2 Agricultural labours 8974 6.52 25222 10.31 32312 10.98

3 Livestock, fishing,forestry

NA NA 17189 7.03 NA NA

4 Mining & Quarrying NA NA 907 0.37 NA NA

5 Household industries 3056 2.22 31189 12.75 16600 5.64

6 Other than H.I NA NA NA NA NA NA

7 Construction NA NA 13096 5.35 NA NA

8 Trade andCommerce

NA NA 44487 18.19 NA NA

9 Transport and

communication

NA NA 23757 9.91 NA NA

10 Others 124668 90.57 81760 33.43 227807 77.4

Total 137655 244598 294273

Source: Census of India, 2001

The major noticeable economic activity centres and job centres within the TUA aregiven below.

Sl.no Centre Major activity approximatenumbers of

jobs1 ISRO / VSSC space research 7000

2 Technopark & other Inparksand industrial parks

software and hardwadevelopment,HRD for IT, ITES, etc.

25000

3 KINFRA Film & Video Park, Apparel paetc.

5000

4 Kerala University central administration officesKU /academic & research institution

3000

5 Secretariat & Gooffices HQ offices of all godepartments, & governmesecretariat offices &and offices & assembly hallsthestate legislature and Cent. GoOffices

15000

6 Defence : SouthernCommand

HQ of SAC & their offices 600

7 Defence: Artillery ArUnits

Pangode army camp undBrigadier

7000

8 Science & TechnoloInstitutions

RRL of CSIR, CTCRI, RGCCESS,

4000

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NATPAC,

9 Kovalam tourist centre tourism related activities 5000

10 International Airport 1500

Industries in Thiruvananthapuram District

(a) Medium and Large scale industries

Based on a study of district wise break up of medium and large scale industries inKerala (source Economic Review 2005, State Planning Board) it is seen that out ofthe 720 medium and large scale industries located in Kerala, Thiruvananthapuramdistrict has 89 industries (the maximum is in Eranakulam district 254)Out of the 89 industries in Thiruvananthapuram district

2 are in central sector, 14 in state sector, 2 in coop sector4 in Joint sector and, 67 in Private sector

By the number of medium and large scale industries, Thiruvananthapuram districtranks second among the 14 districts of Kerala

(b) Small scale unitsOut of the 1,87,676 units registered in Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram district has20,918 units (of which 510 are reported sick) By the number of small scale industrialunits, Thiruvananthapuram district ranks third (next to Eranakulam 23,786 and

Thrissur 21,465)

In spite of this higher ranking in the number of industries, Thiruvananthapuramdistrict is not recognised as an industrial district.

The occupational structure in TUA reflects that about 75 % of the workers areengaged in other services, which mainly include jobs in government and nongovernmental sectors and in trade and commerce.

However in the last decade this picture has started changing because I.T andTourism sectors have emerged as major economic activities in TUA. Also there is a

recent trend focussing on Health Tourism in this district.

Tourism As aCore Competent Sector Of Development

Kerala tourism has made significant growth during the last two decades. From thesluggish tourist arrivals of the 1980s, tourism scenario in Kerala has shownsubstantial growth. Foreign tourist arrivals have increased from 2 lakhs in the year2000 to 3.50 lakhs in 2004. Domestic tourist arrivals have increased from 50 lakhs to60 lakhs from 2000 to 2004. Foreign exchange earnings have increased from Rs.525 crores in the year 2000 to Rs. 1267 crores in 2004, thereby contributing

substantially to Kerala economy. It is estimated that the total foreign tourist flow toKerala in 2004 constituted 10.26 percent of the total foreign tourists visited India. It is

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broadly estimated that in the year 2004 the total direct and indirect revenuegeneration through tourism has been of the order of Rs. 6800 crores.

This leap in tourism growth was made possible because theDepartment of Tourism had initiated the following approaches in promoting tourismin Kerala.

Tourism Product Development - Developments in the natural scenic areas,development of backwaters, conservation of heritage etc.; Development of tourism infrastructure - including increase in touristaccommodation by Government and private sector; and Aggressive tourism marketing both in international and domestic travelmarts and through various mediaKerala tourism has bagged a large number of international awards including PATA(Pacific Asia Travel Association) awards, a large number of Government of Indiaawards from 1999 to 2005, FICCI award 2004 and the recent NDTV award forbusiness promotion in July 2006.Government of Kerala (GoK) has recognized tourism as one of the core competentsectors of economy of the state.

With Kovalam beach as a world tourism destination, Thiruvananthapuram is thegateway for tourism in Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram district prides itself in many ofthe tourism attractions noted below:

Beach tourism Hill area tourism with Ponmudi hill resort within 70 km & within the district Backwater tourism Heritage tourism with a large number of attractions including fort area &

environs, which received national award for heritage & conservation Health tourism gaining on the strength of Ayurveda & allopathic treatmentfacilities providing quality services

In view of the above, the city region is able to provide a variety of attractions for thetourists, making Thiruvananthapuram a must visit location in the tour itinerary ofdomestic and foreign tourists.

SWOT ANALYSIS FOR THIRUVANANTHAPURAM URBAN AGGLOMERATION

Thiruvananthapuram city has a long history of being on an elevated pedestal as the

capital city; earlier of the erstwhile Travancore and later of the State of Kerala. The

princely state of Travancore had initiated a large number of reforms which included

English Education, Institutions of higher learning, cultural institutions etc. All these

happened to be located at Thiruvananthapuram. However over the last few decades,

the city region has made a quantum leap in attracting many institutions of learning and

research and also quite a few modern industrial establishments.

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The natural endowments of TUA are getting recognition only now. These are taken into

account in the SWOT analysis.

STRENGTHS

The City being the administrative capital of Kerala attracts a very large numberof people from Kerala and also from other states on government business.

The City has a long history of recognition as the centre of learning and thereforestudents from all over the state converge to the City: this continues in spite ofthe fact that educational institutions have got located also in the other regions ofthe state .

Kovalam Beach in Thiruvananthapuram was one of the locations selected byGovernment of India in the early seventies to be developed as a tourismdestination in India. During the last three decades Kovalam has beenrecognised as one of the world tourism destinations.

Thiruvananthapuram was the location of the first IT Park in India. Recently manyIT giants like Infosys and U.S. Software have set up their establishments in andaround the Technopark. GoK is in the process of acquiring 500 more acresabout 6 km from Technopark for establishing a Technocity. IT professionalsconsider Thiruvananthapuram as providing the right environment for their livingand working.

Though Vizhinjam in Thiruvananthapuram was talked about as a potentialharbour location ,in the light of development of world shipping ,designation ofinternational shipping route and studies on World Shipping Vision, the state andthe central governments have now realised the importance of development ofICTT ( International Container Transhipment Terminal ) at Vizhinjam. Estimateof revenue generation and savings in cargo import have reemphasised theimportance of Vizhinjam ICTT. With the realisation of this Port,Thiruvananthapuram City Region in particular and the state in general stand tomake substantial economic gains in addition to gaining from the job marketgenerated by the ICTT.

The natural endowments of Thiruvananthapuram make it the most livable city inSouth India. The city is least affected by natural calamities. Because of itsphysiography and terrain the city is not plagued by environmental problems likewater pollution, inundation during storms etc. Compared to any city in Keralaand Tamil Nadu, Thiruvananthapuram has a much better water supply andsewerage system. Thiruvananthapuram also has a very amiable climatethroughout the year without extreme summer and winter, without the need forwinter clothing.

The city is well connected with the important cities within the country andabroad. In addition to rail, road and air connectivity, water transport

development is also in the offing.

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The city region accommodates a large number of reputed hospitals and medicalresearch institutions which offer a fairly high level of service, even attractingforeigners to the medical facilities in the city region. The holistic health facilitiesbased on ayurveda offering not only curative but also health rejuvenationprogrammes are considered to be the added strength of Thiruvananthapuram

city region.

WEAKNESS

A large number of foreign and domestic tourists and people for governmentaland non governmental business converge to the city of Thiruvananthapuramwith high aspirations. But the carrying capacity of the city is such that it cannotprovide high quality infrastructure to the satisfaction of its users.

Though a major percentage of the area of the old city of Thiruvananthapuramspreading over an area of 74.93 sq km is covered under the sewerage scheme,with the extension of the city to cover an area of 141.74 sq km, the coverage islimited to about 30% of the city area. With the reducing land man ratio, theextension of the sewerage system to the entire city and the urban agglomerationarea, which is the urbanising area, remains as a priority component which needsto be addressed.

The existing water supply system, with the main centralised system and a fewstand alone systems, which cater to specific areas, is incapable of providing a

satisfactory level of service. This is in spite of its designed capacity. In many ofthe areas, the service level remains at 80/90 lpcd at 2 to 4 hours of supply perday. Weak distribution systems, transmission losses, leakages, loss of pressureetc. are attributed to this unsatisfactory service level.

With the exploitation of the available potentials for development such as IT,Vizhinjam port etc and also taking in to account of the present developments, thenumber of vehicles catering to the needs of the city users is increasing at analarming rate. Lack of quality system for mass transport is experienced whichcompels the road users to use their own individual personal vehicles adding totraffic volume. Substantial improvements in public transport systems are

required.

The local self government does not have complete control over the citysinfrastructure. A few state departments and para statal agencies are responsiblefor some important components of development infrastructure. The TMC mayhowever have to respond to public grievances, when any dysfunction of any cityinfrastructure or dissatisfaction in the service of any city infrastructure occurs.

Being a state capital, Thiruvananthapuram happens to beat the receiving end,when disruption of traffic, disruption of city infrastructure, destruction of publicproperties etc. occur due to political upheavals, agitations, hartals etc.

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OPPORTUNITIES

The prospects for beach tourism, health tourism and adventure tourism clubbedwith the development potential for IT, Vizhinjam port etc would attract direct andindirect jobs in various sectors.

The above development potential combined with high quality of infrastructurecan attract both foreign and domestic investments. NRIs from Kerala may findsuch a situation very conducive for investments in their home state.

Availability of land in the peripheral areas of the city calls for inducingdevelopments therein through providing supporting infrastructure.

THREATS

Thiruvananthapuram being a coastal city is frequently affected by coastalerosion, which often necessitates rehabilitation of fisher folk.

Thiruvananthapuram being the capital city of Kerala becomes venue for publicproperties etc. which occur due to political upheavals, agitations, and hartals etc.which cause disruption of traffic, disruption of city infrastructure and destructionof public properties.

The LSGD may have to elevate its status as an urban manager andadministrator to effectively implement the infrastructure developmentprogrammes and to continue to maintain and manage the assets created out ofthe JNNURM programme.

Para 8 Land Use and Growth Patterns of Developed, Underdeveloped and

Undeveloped Land in the City

In addition to these rivers, the city is also blessed with five canals namely, Ulloorthodu, Pattom thodu, Vanchiyoor thodu, Thekkinakara thodu and 75 canal. Thesefive canals flow through the valleys and they also drain off the surface water of thecity. There are also many natural ponds. Surface run off from the nearby area flowsinto these ponds also.

The city area has an average density of about 5000 persons per sq km. A peculiarphenomena observed in the Census 1991 & 2001 was that when the old city area of74.93 sq km experienced a decadal population growth rate of 5 to 10 percent, a few

peripheral panchayat areas contiguous to the city experienced growth of the order of20 to 25 percent. A few of these panchayats namely, Kadakampally, Attipra, Ulloor,and Nemom have been attached to the city area in 2000, thus expanding the cityarea to the present 141.74 sq km. Some are of the panchayat areas which now existoutside the city area, namely Kudappanakunnu, Vattiyoorkavu etc. are also fringearea panchayats which have shown high population increase. Such fringe areagrowth is not necessarily due to the overspill of the city population due to highdensity developments within the city.

Another feature of the development pattern in the city is that intensity ofdevelopment is comparatively high for one plot depth of land abutting the major cityroads, leaving the central areas with poor access with less than optimum

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development. Redevelopment to achieve optimum intensity of development withinthe allowable FAR has been made difficult due to the smaller sizes of land holdingsand larger number of land owners with skewed land ownership pattern. (This is oneof the objectives of the Urban Regeneration programme included under theCDP.

The low lying land parcels in the valleys within the city region (TUA) have beenacting as drainage basins, receiving surface run off during flash floods and slowlyreleasing the waters into the streams and canals. The dual advantage of this systemof drainage was that on the one hand percolation of water into the soil is allowedrecharging underground water and on the other hand avoiding flooding of developedareas in the city. But due to population pressure, many of these low lying valleyshave been subjected to conversion for building purposes, mostly as deviations to theland use regulations of the City Master Plan.

The city area offers opportunities for redevelopment and intensification of activitiesprovided the city managers are able to provide higher capacity infrastructure tosupport such redevelopment. Such an attempt would be much cheaper than allowingurban sprawl and trying to expand the coverage area of infrastructure. Suchunplanned urban sprawl has also the disadvantage of steady depletion ofagricultural and horticultural land in the rural areas adjoining the city.

Characteristics of urban land market

The urban land market in Kerala is totally controlled by private sector. The land valueescalated drastically during early 1980s based on a general trend of the national

economy. However for Thiruvananthapuram City major change in land values occurredin 1990s when the construction sector gained importance and the people startedspeculating investments in Real Estates. Moreover the two decades from 1981-2001witnessed high densifications of at least four panchayat areas which lie contiguous tothe city boundary. This made a strong impact in construction sector in the TUA resultingin escalation of land values. The negative impact of these has been marginalisation ofthe lower MIG and LIG families, who could not compete in the private land market forland. Therefore during these two decades, these groups who did not have access todeveloped urban land, either acquired low lying marshy land within the City or moved tothe fringe areas for construction of residences since they could obtain land at muchlower price than the developed land in the city. This upset the City land use strategy

causing environmental problems and flooding of low lying areas during monsoons.

The developed commercial land in the central city now goes at Rs.25,000+ per sq mwhereas land in the intermediate area demands Rs.15,000+ per sq m and theperipheral areas Rs.7500+ per sq m. Residential land in the above locations is going at50 to 75 % of the above rates.

Government have responsibility for social equity in urban land distribution. However thetools available with Government for intervention to stabilise land values and to create aclimate for accessibility for the poor to urban land are limited. Master Plan zoningregulation is one such tool. Similarly regulation on the allowable intensity of

development on a parcel of urban land limits the rent the land can earn and this maystabilise the land value. Other tools like DCR relating it to TDR, reservation of land for

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urban infrastructure development, compulsory reservation of land for LIG ingovernment and privately developed housing schemes etc. are measures to ensurethat the poor have access to land. GoK is considering the process of developing suchtools as part of the City Region Master Plan. Similarly the FAR provisions for thevarious parts of the city relating it to the carrying capacity are also under consideration.

Implementation and Impact of Master Plan

The first Master Plan for Thiruvananthapuram City was prepared in 1966 by the thenChief Town Planner &Consulting Architect to Government. This Master Plan wasapproved by Government in 1971. The planning area consisted of the city of 74.93 sqkm and part of the adjacent panchayat areas of Ulloor and Thiruvallam. The MasterPlan had a horizon period of 20 years .The plan proposed the land use structure of1986 and had estimated the major infrastructure requirements.

The road network envisaged in the Master Plan was broadly taken as a frameworkwhen the Department of Town Planning (formed in 1969.This Department was laterrenamed as Department of Town &Country Planning DTCP - in 1998) preparedDetailed Town Planning Schemes (D.T.P. Schemes as area development plans forpriority development areas within the City. When the National Highway Authorityproposed a City By pass the Master Plan was consulted for suggesting probablealignment .The Comprehensive Traffic &Transportation Study (CTTS) for the Citycarried out by consultants during 2000-2002 for GOK considered the Master Plan asthe relevant document to propose a road network plan for the City. TheThiruvananthapuram City Road Development Project prepared in 2002 and beingimplemented now has generally followed the road widening and improvementproposals indicated in the Master Plan and the DTP Schemes.

Thiruvananthapuram City can generally be proud of a compatible land usedevelopment for the last three decades, except very few sore spots where variance isnoticed. This was greatly possible because of the enforcement of the land use plans ofthe 1971 Master Plan. The State Electricity Board (KSEB) and the Kerala WaterAuthority (KWA ) attempted preparation of Thiruvananthapuram Master Plan for theirsubject areas. For this purpose both of them referred the infrastructure requirementsand the population density proposals for the various zones envisaged in the MasterPlan. In view of the above it can be broadly stated that the Master Plan 1971 was

helpful as a planning tool in guiding the development of the City.

A Draft Development Plan was prepared by the Department of Town Planning for 2001which was published by the then Trivandrum Development Authority (TRIDA). Thesuggestions from the public and the TRIDA necessitated major changes. The mainproposals and Status of the Development Plan (2001) are detailed the Table below.Subsequently the City area was expanded, UDPFI guidelines were issued byGovernment of India and the new Census findings published. In view of these, thepublished draft Plan did not reach approval stage nor was it enforced. A newDevelopment Plan for the City Region is on the anvil and is expected to be published in2007.

Para 9 Housing

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The CDP does not pose housing in the city as a major development issue, since thecity region has not experienced explosive urban population growth or urban migration.But housing is definitely a major issue in the case of the coastal population in the cityand the houseless urban poor. The coastal population is mainly engaged in fishing and

related activities. In addition the CDP addresses the issue of housing for the slumpopulation. Most of them squat on public land on the beach. Land tenure, constructionof dwelling units, availability of basic infrastructure; social amenities etc. are issues thatneed to be addressed. These are discussed in PART C, Chapters 14 &15 (nowcombined) under Basic Services to the Urban poor.

Para 10. Gender

Noted. An attempt was made to engender the CDP addressing the areas wheregender mainstreaming can be tried out. It is also specified in the CDP that whilepreparing Detailed Project Reports for the sector UBSP and the other respective

sectors, these aspects need to be taken in to consideration. However specific aspectswith regard to gender issues wherever relevant are included in the subject chapters.

Consultative Process

Para 11 Noted

Para 12 . Ward Committees are statutory bodies constituted under the KeralaMunicipality Act 1994 with the ward councillor as the Chairman. The ward committeemeets once in three months. The proposals to be included in the annual and five yearplans of the TMC are recommended by the Ward Committees for consideration in theplan coordination group. Ward Sabha, comprising of all the people residing in theparticular ward, meets only once in an year. Similarly Grama Sabhas in Panchayatareas comprise of all the people living in the Panchayat which meet at regular intervals.During the preparation of the CDP development proposals originated in WardCommittees within the City and Grama Sabhas of the Panchayat areas included in theTUA were referred. In the specific context of the projects which can be consideredunder the CDP the Core Committee had detailed consultations with the Chairmen ofthe Ward Committees and the Chairmen of the Grama Sabhas. They were givenadequate time to get back to their respective members and come out with suggestions.A second round of discussions with them resulted in a number of the Chairmen giving

their suggestions in writing. Before these discussions the Core Committee hadidentified the priority project components and their scope. These were presented in thediscussions so that the Councillors and the Panchayat Presidents could derive helpfrom the note and the discussions to crystallise their ideas. The draft CDP including thepriority components identified for inclusion in the Project was subjected for scrutiny bythe stakeholders. The draft CDP was presented in the council meeting for discussionsand approval with or without modifications. The Council which met on 20.09.06 hadapproved the CDP without modifications.

Studies and Surveys

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Para 13: The studies conducted in the past are reviewed to make clear that attemptshave been made previously in the TMC to analyse the issues pertaining to each sector.Such studies have been considered as base data in analysing issues and thus inarriving at policy decisions.

The National level policy documents like National Environment Policy 2006, UrbanTransport Policy 2006, National Policy on Inland Water Transport 2001 etc arereviewed and the recommendations therein have been considered as the overallframework within which policy propositions under each of the corresponding sectorshave been formulated as part of the CDP. Similar is the case with Kerala TourismPolicy and I T Policy for Kerala. These policies were selected for review, since theypertain to the thrust sectors identified as part of stakeholder consultations whichultimately converged to the CDP proposals. The main intention was to uphold the factthat the policies envisaged under each sector in the CDP for Thiruvananthapuram hasgot a legitimate backing either at the National /State level or both and also that it is notmerely a wish list.

It has been specified under each of the review how the particular study could be madeapplicable in the context of formulation and implementation of CDP forThiruvananthapuram.

Vision

Para14:. In pages 12 to 15 of Chapter 1, the Development Vision ofThiruvananthapuram is not presented. What is mentioned in these pages is the earlierattempt by GOK to evolve development vision through two consultancy groups. Butthese attempts for vision development were halted on the way. In Chapter 1 we haveonly reviewed these earlier attempts to get better enlightened to develop visionstatements under the CDP.

CDP development vision is given in pages 56, 57 & 58. A single vision statement isgiven in para 4.1.1 (page 56).This vision statement comprises of 7 different aspirations all put together in a singlestatement. Attempt is made in para 4.1.2 to spell out all these 7 aspirations in detail,giving also the background and strength to justify these aspirations. It may becomprehended that the CDPs Development Vision is presented in para 4.1.1

In the discussions on the various project components in the subsequent chapters the

sectoral development vision is mentioned, but these need not be confused with thecitys development vision. However the sector wise development vision is modified topresent it in a tabular form giving milestones of achievement as per Table 20 of theToolkit.

Governance

Para 15 : Chapter 2 is combined with Chapters 16 & 17, to avoid duplication. Thereforms attempted and achieved at the state level and at the level of the TMC arestated in the modified chapter.

Para 16 : State Finance Commission

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During 1999 the Govt. of Kerala made comprehensive amendments to the KeralaPanchayat Raj Act 1994 and the Kerala Municipality Act 1994. Right to Information,and constitution of institutions like Ombudsman & Tribunal for Local Self GovtInstitutions have been introduced in the Acts through the above amendments

As part of Right to Information every Local Self Government Institution (LSGI) is boundto publish and update annually a Citizens Charter embodying the services available tothe public and the norms and procedure for achieving it. The ThiruvananthapuramMunicipal Corporation has published Citizens Charter and is updating it periodically.The Ombudsman for Local Self Government Institutions is chaired by a retired Judge ofthe High Court and is empowered to look in to allegations of maladministration andcorruption against elected members and officials of Local Self Government Institutions.The seat of Ombudsman is at Thiruvananthapuram and he is arranging camp sittingsat Ernakulam and Kozhikode. The Act embodies Tribunal for Local Self GovernmentInstitutions in all districts to consider appeals on review petitions against the decisionsof LSGIs. To begin with, a Tribunal with state wide jurisdiction has been established in

Thiruvananthapuram and the Tribunal is considering the appeals and revision petitionsagainst decisions of different LSGIs. The Tribunal is chaired by a serving JudicialOfficer in the cadre of District & Sessions Judge.

The State Government has decided in principle to set an audit commission for LSGIs.Audit Commission has not been set up in the state so far. However three RegionalPerformance Audit Teams under a State Performance Audit Authority is auditing theplan schemes of the LSGIs. The State Performance Audit Authority is assisted by StatePerformance Audit Officer in the rank of Deputy Accountant General drawn from theIndian Audit & Accounts Department. The above arrangement is running well and hasmade positive impact in the functioning of LSGIs.

Role of Private Sector in Infrastructure Development

It is increasingly accepted that the entire infrastructure development required in any city

cannot be developed by government alone. The Urban and Rural Local Governments

in Kerala which are now empowered to function as local self governments are looked

upon by the people to provide them infrastructure of a higher order. The local

governments lack financial resources, manpower and expertise to implement

infrastructure programmes to satisfy the level of expectation of the people.

The LSGDs are considering aspects of infrastructure which could be taken up with

private sector participation. Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation has already

initiated the process five years ago with Solid Waste Management. Solid waste

disposal arrangement was implemented through private sector by constructing a plant

in the neighbouring Vilappil panchayat. This composting plant produces green manure

which is partly lifted by the State Agricultural Department. During 2004-05 the TMC

commenced door-to-door collection of garbage through voluntary organisations which

employ women from BPL households. These women are paid through the monthly

contribution of Rs.30 which every HH pays for this collection service.

The TMC has initiated discussions on the various infrastructure components, which can

be considered for implementation and management through TMC - Private Sector

Participatory Programmes. These sectors are noted in Table 19 below.

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Urban Infrastructure Role of Private Sector

Water Supply i. Kerala Water Authority used to have the exclusive

mandate for production and distribution of potable

water. Govt. have now approved that LSGIs can

implement and run stand alone W.S. Projects

ii. Govt. have also approved scheme for bulk supply b

the KWA to the LSGI and distribution, maintenance

and collection of water charges by LSGI.

Sewerage i. Since the capital investment for establishment of

Sewerage system is high, Govt. is examining

alternatives like private sector role in establishment

of STP, private sector participation in establishment

of zone wise Sewerage system, establishment of

package plants etc.

Drainage

Storm Water Drainage

(SWD)

i. Departing from the traditional practice of constructio

drains to drain off surface water into rivers and sea,

JNNURM concept envisages a package of activities

ii. The existing and uncared ponds within the city woul

be conserved and storm water in the respective

zones would be channelled to these ponds after

filtering so that this would enable maintenance of

ponds and also help ground water recharging. Thes

ponds would be maintained by the nearby Resident

Associations.

iii. The Project also envisages Rain Water Harvesting.

Solid Waste Managemen

i. Composting Plant installed under PPP

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(SWM)

ii. Door to door waste collection implemented through

voluntary organisations based on levy of user

charges

iii. IMA has established disposal arrangements for

hospital wastes, which are collected based on

user charges

Municipal Roads

( including Fly over )

i. Under the decentralised planning approaches, TMC

has taken up many road widening and improvement

projects at ward level through beneficiary

committees, who have even arranged for voluntary

surrender of land from private land owners. This

approach may be continued.

ii. Roads like ORR are identified for widening and

improvement as self sustaining projects, with

revenue generated from LA and land development

through PPP.

Street Lighting i. Street lights are now maintained based on a

participatory process between TMC & KSEB. Materials a

procured by TMC and handed over to KSEB. The KSEB

changes the tubes etc and maintains the street light

system.

ii. The KSED in turn have contracted out the street light

maintenance work. On receipt of notice from the local

councillor regarding non-working of any street light, KSEB

arranges through the contract worker to attend to the

repairs. Perhaps, this arrangement may continue for some

time.

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Kerala Municipality Act 1994, as amended in 1999, provides for constitution ofAudi t

Commission. This has not been constituted till now. Audit in local self government

institutions is now carried out by the State Local Fund Audit Department. In addition

LSGD has also constituted Performance Audit Wings with LSGD and Finance

Department staff.

Section 271 (S) of the Kerala Municipality Act provides for constitution of LSG

Tribunals. The state has constituted a state level tribunal under a law officer of the

grade of District Judge. Any person aggrieved by a decision of any panchayat and

urban local body can appeal to this tribunal for redressal of his grievances. Government

have not constituted district level tribunals, though they are not beyond the scope of the

law. In the first two years the Tribunal was flooded with appeals. But this has come

down substantially. One factor is that the LSGIs are conscious of their actions. Another

is that because of transparency in LSGI actions and procedures, being insisted during

the last two years, wrong doing has considerably come down.

Para 17: Noted

Para18: Water Supply

Coverage of Water Supply dist ribution network across different areasincluding slums and percentage of access to the households:

The number of service connections as on 2001 was 1, 59,590. By 30/09/2006 the

approximate number of households and number of service connections are computed

as 2,30,646 and 1,72,984 respectively.

As far as area coverage is concerned the old Trivandrum City (of 74.93 sq km) is fully

covered and the extended area is more than 90% covered.

Most of the households in slum areas and a few households below poverty line depend

on public stand posts. Accounting for stand post service together with individual

connections, the coverage is 90%. A small area is left out in the extended area (i.e., in

the area added to TMC in 2000). This area is proposed to be covered in the project,

resulting in 100 percent coverage in the entire city area of 141.74 sq km.

Number of house service connections (as against number of households)and Public s tand posts in the City.

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Present status of connections as on 30/09/2006 under the TWSS is as follows:

Domestic connections 1, 48,447

Non-domestic connections 24,505 (inclusive of public stand posts)

Industrial connections 32-------------------

TOTAL 1, 72,984

Metering system and their working status percentage of meters work ing andnot working:

As per the amendment to clause 12(a) of Kerala Water Authority (WS) Regulations

1991 vide G.O.(P)No.65/98/Ird., Tvpm. dtd.20/6/1998, defective water meters are to be

replaced by the consumer at his cost; otherwise surcharge at the rate of 25% on the

water charges for the first month, 50% for the next 2 months, and 100% beyond that

period would be collected. With the enforcement of this surcharge clause, there has

been tremendous improvement in the replacement of non-working meters. The present

status of meters in domestic & non-domestic categories is attached. On an average

1000 non-working meters are being replaced every month.

Effective monitoring and management of the system is done based on relevant

provisions in the K.W.S. Regulations, 1991. The number of defective meters as on

30/09/2006 is 38420. The meters, on turning defective, are changed with new working

meters by the consumers themselves under the supervision of KWA. This is based on

consumer participation and relevant rules in the K.W.S. Regulations.

On an average 100 meters become defective every month and 1000 defective meters

are replaced. With the present attitude and participation of the consumers, defective

meters at any point of time can be brought to a minimum, once all defective meters are

replaced. This can be achieved by replacing all the defective meters as part of the

project. In addition, it is assessed that 70 % of the present running meters are showing

either slow or fast reading (+ - 5%) and these are also to be replaced as part of the

project. Thus the total number of meters to be replaced as part of the project works out

to 85,000.

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Households wi th non-working meters:

Calculation of water charges in cases of non-working meters is explained in clause

17(d) of W.S. Regulations, which reads.

If on examination, any meter is found to be out of order and not registering correctly,

the consumption dating from the reading previous to the last reading, till the repair, or

replacements of the meter be calculated at the average consumption registered for any

previous period during which, in the opinion of the Assistant Executive Engineer the

meter installed at the premises was registering correctly and the consumption of water

was not abnormal.

Water charges for consumers with non-working meters are fixed by KWA according to

this clause.

Expenditure on O&M of water supply system and percentage of costrecovery:

The average O&M expenditure per year for the TWSS consumers is Rs. 2300 lakhs.

Total annual revenue from water charges is Rs.3300 lakhs. Actual financial figures

have now been worked out and included in the CDP. Actual figures now show the O&M

expenses as 2000 lakhs and revenue collection as Rs. 2400 lakhs. So the percentage

cost recovery as per the financial projection is 120% without considering capital share

contribution /interest and capital/depreciation of assets.

The institutional aspects of Water Supply, i.e., the role of KWA and TMC

issues of co-ordination and convergence:

O & M of the scheme, extensions of service facilities etc. are undertaken by KWA in

consultation with the TMC. A Management Committee for the scheme, with TMC

representatives and KWA representative shall be constituted to manage the scheme

within the framework of applicable rules and regulations.

Methods of co-ordination and convergence in water supply management ofthe panchayats within Thiruvananthapuram Urban Agglomeration:

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Local Self Government plays a major role in rendering service to the consumers. W.S.

connections will be provided only on the recommendation by the LSG. Further the

management of the system may be carried out by the Management Committee.

In the project proposals, changing of non-working meters is proposed over aperiod of 6 years at a cost of Rs 6 crores. It is not clear whether the entire costwill be borne by the TMC and Panchayats or any contribution from thecommunity is proposed. Similarly as metering is a prior ity item, which fetchesrevenues to Corporation, could metering be taken on a mission mode and reducethe period of implementation?

With the implementation of the surcharge clause for non-working meters, consumers

are coming forward in large numbers for replacement of meters and this process is

going on at a very fast pace.

As on 30-09-2006, number of defective meters come to 38,420 With the present

attitude and participation of consumers, defective meters at any point of time can be

brought to a minimum once all the defective meters are replaced. This can be

achieved by replacing all defective meters as part of the project. In addition it is

assessed that 70 % of the present running meters are showing either slow or fast

reading (+/ - 5%) and these are also to be replaced as part of the project. Thus the total

number of meters to be replaced as part of the project works out to 85,000.

Out of this replacement of the 38,420 non-working meters can be completed in the first2 years.

Communication strategy and human resource development are expected tocost Rs.3.50 and Rs.10 crores respectively. This appears to be on a very highside.

As part of the communication strategy, a networking of all offices for a complaint

redressal system is envisaged. The HRD package includes construction of a full

fledged training centre also for the Trivandrum Water Supply Scheme, which can be

made beneficial to the whole of the KWA and other water supply & sewerage

institutions in future. The total provision for these works is Rs.13.50 crores, which is

only 1.85 % of the total project cost of approximately Rs. 730 crores (excluding the

project cost under JBIC assisted water supply improvement project).

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There is need to review the costing of all the proposed projects morecarefully.

As part of the City Development Plan (CDP), rough cost estimate for all the sub

projects envisaged were prepared. Realistic costing will be done at the stage of

preparation of DPR. It is presumed that there may be marginal differences between

DPR and rough cost estimates. (expected variation considering the past experiences is

of the order of 10 to 15 percent)

Para 19 Sewerage

1. Number of sewerage connections in the city and reasons for low access.

At present only 30% of the area covered under water supply is covered by the

functioning sewerage system. This area is the most thickly populated one in the city.

The present number of sewerage connections in the sewered area is 80,000.The

approximate number of households in the TMC area is 1,72,752 out of which 30% was

already been covered. The lesser coverage is owing to inadequacy of treatment

facilities in the sewerage system.

2. Cost of accessing sewerage connection by households and sewerage tariff

No monthly or annual sewerage service charges are collected .The one time serviceconnection fee charges for availing sewerage connection is as given below;

Category Rate Minimum ( Rs )

Domestic 10% of estimated cost for connection 500.

Non domestic do 1000

Casual do 1000

Industrial do 2500

3. Operation and Maintenance expenditure of sewerage system and percentagecost

O&M expenditure at present is 530 lakh per annum for the area under coverage .No

specific O&M cost is realised at present. Approximate amount collected as new service

connection fee comes to Rs.75 lakh per annum which works out to 14.15% of annual

O&M cost.

4. Communitys will ingness to pay

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An analysis of survey results provides an indication of communitys willingness to pay

for improved services depending on existing access or reliability.

For survey purpose the households were grouped into 6 household categories:

High Income Group (HIG), Middle Income Group (MIG), Low Income Group (LIG ) ,

Upper crest of the Poor (UP ), Just above Vulnerable (JV ) and most Vulnerable

(MV). The composition of the population by income group is as follows: HIG (6 %),

MIG (34 %), LIG (39%), UP (7%), JV (7%) and MV (7%).

The result of the survey did not specify an amount that each group is willing to pay for

improved water supply and sanitation services. The survey however indicated a low

willingness to pay among the poor and a bit higher willingness to pay from the non-poor

for obvious financial reasons. The low willingness to pay for improved services among

the poor is largely due to (i) relative satisfaction with the present water supply and

sanitation services. (ii) use of water from street tap, which is the major source of water

among the poor, is currently free of charge; and (iii) respondents view that Government

has the responsibility to provide the services to its residents; (iv) the subsidy involved in

the present arrangement.

5. Link between proposed sewerage master plan and work proposed under

existing system

It is proposed to prepare a master plan benefiting entire TRIDA area extending to

Balaramapuram on the East and Vattappara on the north. The interior thickly

populated area will be covered in the present project and scope can be widened for

future population since the present project proposed in master plan are independent.

6. Likely additional benefic iaries in the TMC area and adjoining Panchayats.

The population benefited in 2036 is 10.70 lakh and the present population benefited

is estimated to be 2.59 lakh. Hence at the end of the project period, 8.11 lakh people

will be covered additionally.

7. Rehabilitation of existing network and extending to uncovered areas isproposed over a period of six years. Alternate plans

The rehabilitation is spread over only 30 % of the entire project area. An appropriate

Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and Environment Management Plan (EMP) shall be

developed so as to bring down the inconvenience to the public during implementation,

to the minimum extent possible.

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8. Communication strategy and HRD

Noted

Para 20 Storm Water Drainage

Noted. Corrections incorporated

Para 21 Solid Waste Management

Door to Door Collection of Solid waste is being carried out in 25 of the 86 wards in the

Corporation at present. It is planned to extend the same to all 86 wards by 2007. The

budget provides for Rs. 1 crore in 2006 and 1.18 crore in 2007. With this amount most

of the infrastructure requirement will be met and door to door collection can be done in

all 86 wards. However all households may not be using the facility initially. As more and

more households join the scheme additional infrastructure will be needed. For this an

additional amount of 20 lakhs is provided in 2009. The infrastructure so created will be

sufficient to achieve 100 % coverage by door to door collection and hence additional

funds are not earmarked in subsequent years. Cent percent door to door coverage will

be achieved in four years.

Para. 22 Environment

Table: Environment services

The KSPCB has monitors the ambient air quality at 11 stations in the state. Based onthese studies, the annual mean concentration range for Thiruvananthapuram is given.

Environmental level in Thiruvananthapuram

Environmenservices

Quality

WaterWater quality in the two rivers flowing through the city

has been steadily declining over the last two

decades, due to encroachments, waste dumping,

and sewage disposal. River and pond

conservation projects included in the CDP mayalleviate these problems.

Waste Water

30% of the city area is sewered. Attempts are

proposed for total coverage under sewerage

system, construction of STP, rehabilitation of

existing sewerage system etc.

Solid Waste

TMC has implemented project for house level

collection of solid waste. Segregation is also

attempted. Collection is done through voluntary

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groups. Such collected waste is collected in

TMC trucks and transported to disposal site.

This collection arrangement is extended now to all

the 86 wards. Disposal is through composting

plant operated by private sector. Satisfactory

level of service does not exist now.

Air*

SO2 Industrial Low Residential L

NO2 Industrial Low Residential L

SPM Industrial Low Residential Moderate

Vehicle pollution is brought down by insisting on

PUC ( pollution under control) certificate issued

every 6 months by approved testing laboratories.

* Source: CPCB/ Economic Review 2005, State Planning Board

2. The Kerala State Pollution Control Board (PCB) is a statutory body constituted

under the Central Environment Protection Act and has the mandatory responsibility to

monitor and take actions regarding water, air and noise pollution. Any project under

implementation or in operation is being reviewed by the PCB to see whether the projectis within the allowable tolerance level with regard to pollution. On their own PCB can

initiate litigation against any such activity which violates environmental pollution levels.

Therefore, projects of any local body, government department, parastatal agency or

private sector will come under the scrutiny of the PCB.

3. Any discussion on environment in Thiruvananthapuram highlights the issue of raw

sewage being let off into the Parvathy Puthanar which is on the coastal zone. In

addition to this the second issue that is highlighted is on storm water stagnation incertain low lying areas of the city. Solutions to these two environmental issues are not

included under the Project Environment in the CDP, since construction of STP and

sewerage improvements are covered under the Project on Sewerage. Similarly

improvements to Parvathy Puthanar (canal) and proposals for surface water drainage

are proposed under the Project Surface Water Drainage.

Similarly environmental upgradation of coastal belt is a major component under the Submission for UBSP, which includes coastal area development.

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Para 23 Urban Regeneration and Renewal

The Project envisages, at the initial phases, redevelopment of the central parts of

the city where, though land value is high in view of location advantages, optimum

developments have taken place. The inner pockets do not have adequate access

roads leaving them with FAR below 1.00; some of such parcels of land are also left

vacant in the absence of adequate access. About 90 percent of the buildings are old

and dilapidated. These exist and continue to serve commercial uses only with some

cosmetic treatments. The owners are not able to reconstruct them due to many

factors:

Stipulations regarding open spaces and parking spaces as per the Building

Rules Leased out many years ago and the rent the premises fetch is far too small

to consider redevelopment with huge investments

Tenancy /sub tenancy issues; most of which are under litigation

Inner pockets without adequate access may not yield good returns if

substantial investment is made for reconstruction

Based on reconnaissance surveys and preliminary studies, it was felt that Chalaibazaar area the stretch from Aryasala to East fort and the M.G. Road area the

stretch from District Treasury Building to S.M.V. School (Overbridge) could be

considered for the renewal project.

Chalai bazaar area is the old part of the city, which is still considered as the main

market street. Exclusive streets also exist for specialized market activities, as noted

below:

Vegetables and fruits

Rice bazaar

Iron & steel, building materials and the like

Groceries etc.

The Chalai area also consists of residential inner pockets, which are also considered

under the urban renewal project. It should be possible to take up renewal project

block by block. Each block would consist of area/plots/buildings comprised within

four surrounding streets. There could be 4 blocks each on either side of Chalai

bazaar road. The project basically would involve grouping all the land and building

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owners and occupiers together and encourage them to redevelop the area under a

participatory process with TMC acting as a catalyst to promote the redevelopment

process. Technical input will come from TMC, with external experts associating with

TMC. Initial expenditure on provision of infrastructure would come from TMC;

however this expenditure could be recouped as soon as the project is completed.

The revolving fund created for the purpose can be utilized for the second block and

so on. It is also possible to undertake redevelopment of more than one block at a

time, provided adequate technical trained manpower is available.

It is seen that three blocks of land on either side of M.G. Road may also be

considered for redevelopment. Each block may have an area of 10 to 15 acres.

This Urban Regeneration project need not be limited to the above two roads only.

Any area comprising of old buildings and having unplanned layouts (including such

housing areas), requiring redevelopment can be considered under the project. This

project is to a large extent self sustaining and capable of meeting the development

resource requirements from within, necessitating only TMC intervention, technical

inputs and initial funds for initiating the process.

Para 24 Heritage and Tourism

Noted. An integrated vision for heritage and tourism has been articulated at one

place. The integrated vision may be read as: Conserve heritage for us and the

generations to come, tapping the potential for sustainable tourism, and promote

tourism.

Para 25: Transportation

1. Vision in terms of travel time reduction, increase in share of public transportand safety

The following goals are set towards realizing the vision:

Road safety: To bring down the average growth (in number of accidents) from 7% to

0% in 15 years.

Speed of traffic: To achieve average speed of 30 to 35 km per hour in peak hours in the

main traffic corridors of the city in 7 years

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Public transport system: To increase the share of public transport system from the

present 35% in the city area to 50% in 15 years.

2. Provision for transport to the poor

Other than the roads taken under slum area development and the transport facilities

proposed, the roads in the City too directly benefit the poor. These Corporation roads

are functioning as link roads to major traffic corridors through the arterial/radial roads

considered in the CDP. Specific benefits of these roads to the poor will be discussed

separately in the DPR.

3. Expectations of common citizens with respect to transport sector

The projects under the transport sector are prepared on the basis of a series of

consultations made with various forums representing the public. Since transport sectorissues are visible and experienced on a day-to-day basis, a large number of

suggestions have come for this sector. Such suggestions are broadly appended to the

CD. The priority road components included in the CDP are derived based on these

suggestions and the study of the road network system and the present and future traffic

volume on these roads.

Generally the expectation of the citizens had been for a good road network with

improved riding surface and capacity, good mass transportation facilities and specific

off-street parking facilities.

Importance given to mass transport system by road and rail are expected to satisfy the

travel needs of the common man. The thrust given to safety aspects in designing road

improvement schemes and in building road safety awareness is further meant for a

reassurance to the common man in meeting his travel needs.

4. Institutional issues

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o Multiplicity

The transport sector development is possible only with the contribution of private and

public sectors. Within the public sector, three broad sectors emerge road, water and

rail. Except rail, the other two sectors are developed / maintained with State

intervention. Within the road sector itself, multiple agencies manage the roads viz.

PWD (NH), PWD (B&R) and City Corporation. Each of these agencies has their own

way of developing and maintaining the roads under them, in accordance with the

functions of each.

o Overlapping responsibilities

Since there is a clear demarcation regarding the roads under each agency, the

responsibilities of the agencies are also clearly defined. There is no overlapping of

responsibilities.

o Coordination

Road sector as a whole expects to carry out the works in coordination with utility

providers and agencies whose networks use road space. Coordination is required

before construction, during construction and also after the construction. To enable such

coordination under the Thiruvananthapuram Road Development Project a Road

Protocol was drafted and approved. This example would be emulated.

o Institutional mechanism

Since the JNNURM will not support Land Acquisition (LA), and since some of the road

development requires LA, there need to be an institutional mechanism to make the land

available for road constructions. The form and constitution of such a mechanism will be

finalized in consultation with the Government.

Para 26 Social Infrastructure

Reg: private sector participation and partnership in projects under social infrastructure

development:

The following projects are proposed in the CDP of JNNURM under social infrastructure:

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Redevelopment of public markets

Construction of service abattoirs

Redevelopment of cremation grounds

A few projects under leisure and recreation

Discussions on these projects show that private sector participation is proposed in

projects wherever possible. These measures are briefly noted below:

In public markets, part of the area may be occupied by shopping complexes. This

area is not included under the project. Only marketing stalls & yards, where the

poor vendors temporarily occupy spaces to trade their wares brought in baskets,

are included. In addition public toilets, storage facilities, if any required, water

supply etc. are proposed to be included in the project.

Most of these facilities would be auctioned out to the private sector for upkeep and

maintenance.

The infrastructure for abattoirs would be created by the TMC and the operation and

maintenance would be leased to selected operators on payment of annual fee.

These operators would employ butchers and cleaning staff. Abattoir is a must

service facility to be provided by the TMC to ensure safe meat to the citizens and to

prevent the unhealthy practice of unauthorised slaughtering.

TMC maintains one crematorium with electric furnaces and other facilities. This is

being improved. There are many private cremation grounds within the city under

the ownership on certain communities/religious groups. These do not have good

burning and other arrangements. These are situated amidst residential areas which

are now thickly populated. In view of this frequent quarrels result. To prevent such

incidents, TMC proposes a scheme under which TMC would stipulate minimum

standards under which only these cremation grounds can function. Technical

assistance and part funding for upgradation with furnaces, flues, water supply etc.

would be provided by TMC. These cremation grounds would continue to be under

private operation.

Leisure and recreation facilities are proposed to be developed and maintained

through private sector participation. The support of local Residents Associations,

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which are now municipal recognised bodies, would be sought. These possibilities

would be detailed out when preparing DPR.

Basic Services to the Urban Poor

Para 27. Noted

Para 28. The data on Poverty relates to Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation

area including the grama panchayats merged with the City Corporation during 2000.

However data in respect of the adjoining panchayats, which form part of the

Thiruvananthapuram Urban Agglomeration is not readily available. It has been pointed

out in the CDP that lack of authentic data is a major constraint in the formulation and

implementation of poverty reduction programmes. This aspect will be specifically taken

care of while preparing the DPR. In fact Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation

has already commenced survey to assess the needs of the poor in the city area as well

as the panchayats in the urban agglomeration.

The household income of Rs 10,155/- given in Table 14.1 of the CDP is annual income

and may be read accordingly.

The identified slum areas have been considered during the last three decades

for infrastructure improvement projects, which consisted of provision of potable

water ,sanitary latrines ,access improvement ,street lighting and surface water

drainage . However land tenure and house construction were not considered in

toto . Solid waste collection from the slum areas was considered only as part of

the city level SWM system. GOK had a policy of providing household level

power connection to the poor who applied for such benefits.

However strategic development initiatives for the urban poor outside such

identified slum areas were not taken under specific projects: though piecemeal

attempts were made by the TMC, voluntary organisations or parastatal

agencies. Grievances generally raised by the municipal councillors and the

voluntary organisations are regarding the inadequate basic infrastructure for the

urban poor.

Role of Kudumbashree in implementation of urban poverty programmes

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Kudumbashree is a mission initiated by the State Government to eradicate absolute

poverty from the State within a period of 10 years. The mission was launched during

1998.

Kudumbashree implements its programmes through Community Based Organization

(CBOs) of poor. The CBOs are women centered and three tier in structure The Basic

entities are Neighourhod Groups (NHG), Area Development Society (ADS) ,and

Community Development Societies (CDS). NHG is a collective of 15-40 women, each

representing a poor family identified through a nine point non-economic risk indicators (

which are so transparent and easily understandable by the community). The second

tier is the Area Development Society (ADS) which is at the ward level. The

representatives of the NHGs constitute the General Body of the ADS. Community

Development Society (CDS) is the apex body at the Local Body level and is registered

under the Charitable Societies Act.

NHG, the basic unit of CBOs meet regularly and discuss their issues. The felt needs

of the community arise through a regular weekly discussion and a micro plan based

on felt needs is evolved. The micro plans of all the NHGs are co-ordinated and

prioritised at the ADS level and this forms mini plans of that particular ADS. The mini

plans of the various ADSs are again co-ordinated at the CDS level and it forms the

Town Plan for poverty alleviation. The Action Plan for SJSRY, NSDP, IHSDP and

UBSP component of JNNURM are prepared by the Community through a participatory

process on felt needs.

As on today there are 11681 NHGs covering 503586 families in urban areas. There

are 58 ULBs in the State (5 are corporations and 53 are municipalities). There are 59

CDSs (one each in each ULB except in Kochi where there are 2 CDSs).

Kudumbashree as State Urban Development Agency

In the State of Kerala, Kudumbashree, the State Poverty Eradication Mission is

designated as the State Urban Development Agency (SUDA). With its capacity as

SUDA Kudumbashree implements various urban poverty alleviation programmes in the

State. Centrally sponsored poverty reduction programmes such as Swarana Jayanthi

Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), the erstwhile National Slum Development

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Programme (NSDP) and Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) are being

implemented in the State by Kudumbashree. Under the SJSRY, Kudumbashree has

developed 1528 group enterprises (a group with minimum of 10 women) and 20760

individual enterprises. Most of these enterprises are innovative, sustainable and roll

models. Under VAMBAY, Kudumbashree took up construction of20048 houses

during the last 4 years.

Kudumbashree is also designated as the State Level Nodal Agency for the

newly launched Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Integrated Housing & Slum

Development Programme (IHSDP).

State Government has also declared Kudumbashree as the State Level NodalAgency for the implementation of the sub mission on Basic Services to the

Urban poor (BSUP) of JNNURM in both cities in the State viz. Thiruvananthapuram

and Kochi.

UPA Cell its organisat ion , working and Convergence

Previously urban poverty reduction programmes were implemented by the erstwhile

Urban Poverty Alleviation Cell (UPA Cell) which was merged with Kudumbashree in

1998. The UPA Cells in the ULBs were subsequently replaced by the Community

Development Societies (CDS).

At the CDS level, a Project Officer (an official from the Health division of Municipal

Corporation) who is also the Member Secretary of CDS along with CDS functionaries

implement the programmes. At the ADS level, the Community Organizer who is also an

official from health division of the Municipal Corporation co-ordinates the activities of

ADS. Apart from this, the CBO system has a very good linkage with Municipal

Corporation functionaries. At the ADS level there is an Advisory and Monitoring

Committee, which is headed by the Ward Councillor. Similarly, at the CDS level there

is a City Management Committee which is chaired by the Mayor/Chairperson of the

ULB concerned .

The most significant aspect of Kudumbashree CBOs is that it forms the

convergence platform for implementing activities of various departments. Take Home

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Ration project in collaboration with Social Welfare Department, Pulse Polio

Immunization and other health related programmes in association with Health

Department, IT @ School project of Education Department are few examples of

convergence in practice. In the JNNURM programme also there is ample scope for

converging various programmes of line departments such as Social Welfare, Urban

Development, Education, Health etc.

Convergence in infrastructure programmes for the urban poor

Basic infrastructure development programmes, either in the slum areas or in isolation,

were always proposed and implemented by sectoral agencies under specific projects

which permitted only one or more components in the project. In most of the cases the

project dealing with water supply or street lighting was implemented without integrating

such projects with other infrastructure projects. The voluntary organisations, some of

which are under religious institutions, implemented social infrastructure projects

especially in the coastal areas without a comprehensive planning approach. What is

intended under the JNNURM is that there should be a convergence approach at area

level or at target group level. This approach should take in to account the projects

under any central or state sponsored scheme, schemes proposed by the government

or parastatal agencies or voluntary organisations and integrate them in to project

packages at area level.

The road map for basic services shows that slums will be got rid of completely by

2031. So the vision statement may be modified as follows:

A s lum free, Thiruvananthapuram City by the Year 2031

As suggested in the appraisal report the road map has been restructured and goalshave been refixed.

Road Map for Basic Services to the Poor

Sl.No.

Vision outcomes 2006-07 2012 2020 2031

1. Literacy (Percentage) 80 95 100 100

2. Access to school 60 90 90 100

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3. Access to primary health 40 85 90 100

4. Sanitation (% coverage) 30 75 90 100

5. Drinking Water (% coverage) 50 85 100 100

6. Access to housing (% coverag 80 100 100

7. Incidence of poverty 25 15 0 0

8. Slums (% of reduction) 0.5 50 85 100

Rs 800/- lakhs proposed under shelter is meant for constructions of 400 new houses to

destitute families. Similarly Rs 50/- lakh is earmarked for repairs of 125 houses of

destitute families.

Proposals for housing include the following components

Houses in identified slums

Construction of new houses 6662

Relocation of houses situated in

hazardous location

4000

Houses in the Coastal Areas

New Construction (relocation) : 1000

Houses requiring in situdevelopment

: 3000

Shelter Up gradation : 2000New Houses for destitute familie : 500

Shelter Up gradation for destitute : 125

The Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation will undertake completion of these

projects now proposed on priority basis and there after take up projects for providing

housing to persons who are left out, utilizing the own resources and funds from the

State Government. The State Government have recently announced EMS

Namboodiripad Total Housing Scheme for providing houses to all

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The figures given in table 15.6 (P 215 of CDP) are drawn from census data 2001

and the figure given in the write up may be corrected and read as 28778.

The surveys and studies proposed under different heads can be integrated as a

comprehensive survey. However, separate survey is needed for identification of streetvendors, children at risk and destitute. The amount required for the comprehensive

survey would be Rs.10 lakhs. (except the survey of street vendors, destitutes and

children at risk)

Destitute being the most vulnerable this needs a detailed separate survey for project

preparation. The criteria used for the identification of the destitute are much more

different from that of the indicators which are used for the identification of poor. The

destitutes of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation were not identified earlier by

Kudumbashree.

Chapters 14 and 15 are clubbed together into one chapter and numbered as

14.5.0 to 14.5.2.4 as 14.3 to 14.13.

Para : 30(1) Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of Travancore in 1750. Correction to this

effect has been made in page 149 of the CDP

(2) Modification is made in the CDP deleting the repetition in respect of Tourism Vision

2025 and Tourism policy for Kerala.

(3) Tables 3-3 Vs 2-3 page 39

Tables 12-1 to 12.5 pages 159 Vs 11-1 to 11-5

(4) The area of Sreekaryam Panchayat which forms part of TRIDA area is 23.73 sq.km

and is correct (Table 3.4) page 39

(5) The area of Sreekaryam which is part of Thiruvananthapuram UA is only 5.03 sq

km which means that the Sreekaryam Panchayat in full is not included in the TUA as

per the census data.. Hence the figures given in table 3 - 5 are also correct. However

these tables have been modified to bring more clarity.

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