Bullying - Effective Action in Secondary Schools

8/14/2019 Bullying - Effective Action in Secondary Schools

1/33

@wll}mei: gccghtmsg khtmne me

xghnedkp} xhbnnlx

BOM 437


2/33

GPPKTWO

Vkpkipkvb 8 nc tbg pgvnpt pgcgpx tn xvghmcmh dwtmgx ne LGKx tn hno`kt `wll}mei mevlkhg xmehg Xgvtgo`gp ;===% Tbmx ynpdmei mx mekhhwpktg%

Xghtmne 3; nc tbg Xhbnnl Xtkedkpdx ked Cpkogynpa Kht ;==2 hnsgpx xhbnnlvnlmh} ked vpnhgdwpgx ne dmxhmvlmeg ked pgcgpx xvghmcmhkll} tn vpgsgetmei kll cnpoxnc `wll}mei konei vwvmlx% Xghtmne 30 nc tbg Kht hnsgpx tbg vnygpx nc LGKx mepglktmne tn vpgsgetmei k `pgkadnye np hnetmewmei `pgkadnye nc dmxhmvlmeg kt kxhbnnl% Mt dngx ent pgcgp xvghmcmhkll} tn `wll}mei, kltbnwib tbg megccghtmsgegxx nc kxhbnnlx ogkxwpgx tn hno`kt `wll}mei hnwld `g k hnehgpe vpnovtmei LGK khtmne%


3/33

@LKEA


4/33

@wll}mei: gccghtmsg khtmne me

xghnedkp} xhbnnlx

BOM 437


5/33


6/33


7/33

@LKEA


8/33

Metpndwhtmne

Tbg vpn`lgo

;% @wll}mei mx kiipgxxmsg np mexwltmei gbksmnwp `} ke medmsmdwkl np ipnwv, nctgepgvgktgd nsgp k vgpmnd nc tmog, tbkt metgetmnekll} bwptx np bkpox% Pgxgkphb hnecmpoxtbg dgxtpwhtmsg gccghtx nc `wll}mei ne }nwei vgnvlgx lmsgx% Kltbnwib xnog hke xbpwi mtncc, `wll}mei hke vpndwhg cgglmeix nc vnygplgxxegxx, mxnlktmne cpno ntbgpx, wedgpomegxglc/gxtggo ked xnogtmogx hnesmehg tbg smhtmox tbkt tbg} kpg kt ckwlt% Mt hke kccghtkttmtwdgx tn ked vgpcnpokehg me xhbnnl% Cnp xnog, mt hke lgkd tn xgpmnwx ked vpnlneigddmxtpgxx ked lnei/tgpo dkokig tn xnhmkl ked gontmnekl dgsglnvoget%

0% Tkhalmei `wll}mei me xhbnnlx mx dmccmhwlt ked tmog/hnexwomei, `wt tbmx xwpsg} ncinnd vpkhtmhg xbnyx tbkt xhbnnlx hke pgdwhg tbg mehmdgehg nc `wll}mei ked hbkeig khwltwpg tbkt khhgvtx mt kx k ckht nc lmcg%

Tbg xwpsg}

8% Xmehg Xgvtgo`gp ;===, lnhkl gdwhktmne kwtbnpmtmgx "LGKx- bksg bkd xvghmcmh dwtmgxtn hno`kt `wll}mei% Xhbnnlx owxt bksg ketm/`wll}mei vnlmhmgx ked vpnhgdwpgx ked LGKxowxt gexwpg tbkt tbgmp xhbnnlx hnovl} ymtb tbgmp dwtmgx%

4% Me Dghgo`gp 0666, tbg Dgvkptoget cnp Gdwhktmne ked Xamllx "DcGX- vw`lmxbgd keketm/`wll}mei vkha, @wll}mei: Dnet Xwccgp me Xmlgehg "pgsmxgd gdmtmne 0660-, imsmeibglvcwl iwmdkehg tn xhbnnlx% Tbg dnhwoget dpgy ne ynpa wedgptkage tbpnwib DcGX/xvnexnpgd ketm/`wll}mei vpnjghtx% Tbg vkha ykx wvdktgd me Xgvtgo`gp 0660%

7% Tbmx xwpsg}, `kxgd ne smxmtx } Bgp Okjgxt}x Mexvghtnpx "BOM- tn LGKx ked xhbnnlxme 066;.60, cnhwxgd ne xtpktgimgx tn pgdwhg mehmdgetx nc `wll}mei, tn xwvvnpt smhtmox

ked tn dgkl ymtb vgpvgtpktnpx%

3% Xmr LGKx ygpg smxmtgd: Enpcnla, Hnsgetp}, Dgsne, Ygxt Xwxxgr, Dwpbko ked@mpomeibko% Dmxhwxxmnex ygpg bgld ymtb LGK nccmhgpx k`nwt tbg xwvvnpt imsge tnxhbnnlx tn bglv tbgo tkhalg `wll}mei ked tn cmed nwt ybkt wxg LGKx bkd okdg nc tbgDcGX iwmdkehg% Tyn/dk} smxmtx ygpg okdg tn ;7 xhbnnlx ybmhb bkd pghgmsgd tpkmemeigmtbgp cpno tbgmp LGK np cpno ntbgp kigehmgx% Tbg smxmtx kxxgxxgd tbg gccghtmsgegxx nctbg tpkmemei tgkhbgpx bkd pghgmsgd ked nc tbg kvvpnkhbgx wxgd me xhbnnlx tn hnwetgp`wll}mei% Dwpmei tbg smxmtx, dmxhwxxmnex ygpg bgld ymtb xtkcc, vwvmlx, vkpgetx kedinsgpenpx1 hnetkht ykx klxn okdg ymtb snlwetkp} kigehmgx tbkt ynpagd me tbg xhbnnlx%Mexvghtnpx n`xgpsgd tpkmemei xgxxmnex cnp xtkcc kx ygll kx lgxxnex ked ntbgp khtmsmtmgx%

9% Kddmtmnekl gsmdgehg ykx tkage cpno tbg Ncxtgd xhbnnl mexvghtmne dktk`kxg,mdgetmc}mei xhbnnlx tbkt ygpg jwdigd tn bksg gccghtmsg ketm/`wll}mei vpnhgdwpgx kedkekl}xmei tbg ckhtnpx tbkt hnetpm`wtgd tn tbmx innd vpkhtmhg%

@wll}mei: gccghtmsg khtmne me xghnedkp} xhbnnlx

;


9/33


10/33

Pghnoogedktmnex

Tn movpnsg tbg yk} me ybmhb `wll}mei mx tkhalgd, xhbnnlx, xwvvnptgd `} LGKx,xbnwld:

{ okmetkme tbg onogetwo ne khtmne kikmext `wll}mei tbpnwib memtmktmsgx tnmovpnsg kttmtwdgx ked `gbksmnwp me xhbnnlx igegpkll}

{ pgiwlkpl} hnllght ked kekl}xg mecnpoktmne ne tbg mehmdgehg nc `wll}mei, tkameicwll khhnwet nc vwvmlx smgyx

{ kppkeig x}xtgoktmh tpkmemei cnp xtkcc ne okekimei `gbksmnwp, hnwexgllmei vwvmlxked ynpamei ymtb vkpgetx me dmccmhwlt xmtwktmnex

{ gexwpg tbkt tpkmemei tn bglv tgkhbgpx mdgetmc} ked dgkl ymtb `wll}mei tkhalgxhkxgx ybgpg `wll}mei cnhwxgx ne pkhg ked xgrwklmt}

{ hbgha tbkt cnllny/wv khtmne ne hnecmpogd kllgiktmnex nc `wll}mei mx kvvpnvpmktgme mtx pkeig ked mx xwxtkmegd

{ hnexmdgp tbg wxg nc vnxmtmsg vggp vpgxxwpg, tbg mesnlsgoget nc vwvmlx me`gcpmgedmei ked ogetnpmei xhbgogx, ked tbg xwvvnpt nc nwtxmdg kigehmgx

{ wxg ntbgp vpncgxxmneklx tn ynpa klneixmdg tgkhbgpx, vwvmlx ked vkpgetx mensgphnomei tbg grtpgog gccghtx nc `wll}mei%


8


11/33

4


@wll}mei ked mtx gccghtx

Tbg ektwpg nc `wll}mei

2% @wll}mei tkagx dmccgpget cnpox% Innd xhbnnl vnlmhmgx ked tpkmemei cnp xtkcc kekl}xgtbg dmccgpget cnpox nc `wll}mei tbkt vwvmlx ok} grvgpmgehg% Wevlgkxket tgppmtnp}tbnwib mt mx, wedgpxtkedmei `wll}mei mx tbg xtkptmei vnmet cnp gccghtmsg dgtghtmne kedpgxvnexg% Dgcmemei ked kekl}xmei `wll}mei hke bglv vwvmlx, kx ygll kx xtkcc, tn hno`ktmt%

=% K dmxtmehtmne mx hnoonel} okdg gtygge vb}xmhkl ked sgp`kl wll}mei, kltbnwibtbg} hke nhhwp tnigtbgp ked sgp`kl k`wxg hke hkpp} k xtpnei tbpgkt nc smnlgehg% Tbghnoone ckhtnp mx tbg metgetmne tn wedgpomeg ked dgipkdg tbg medmsmdwkl `} vmhameine swlegpk`mlmt} np okamei dmccgpgehg k ckwlt% Tbnxg ybn `wll} kmo tn bwpt `} ogkex nccnphg, metmomdktmne np pmdmhwlg me npdgp tn hnetpnl ntbgpx, np vgpbkvx tn mexvmpg kpgkhtmne tbkt gxhklktgx tbg xmtwktmne%

;6% Vb}xmhkl `wll}mei xggax tn metmomdktg ked hkwxg cgkp1 kt xgpmnwx lgsglx "kxxkwlt,khtwkl `ndml} bkpo np ynwedmei- mt mx k hpmomekl nccgehg% Vwvmlx hnooget tbkt khnoone cnpo nc vb}xmhkl `wll}mei mx vwxbmei ked xbnsmei `wovmei np jnxtlmei ymtbdglm`gpktg metget% Mt hke bkvvge tnn nctge cnp tbg smhtmo tn xgg mt kx khhmdgetkl, `wt mthke `g dmccmhwlt tn hnovlkme k`nwt `ghkwxg tbnxg ybn dn mt kpg kdkoket tbkt mt ykxwemetgetmnekl% Vb}xmhkl `wll}mei hke klxn mesnlsg tbgct nc np dkokig tn vpnvgpt} kltbnwib, nc hnwpxg, ent kll mextkehgx nc tbgct np dkokig kpg gsmdgehg nc `wll}mei% Tbgtbpgkt nc smnlgehg sgp} nctge khhnovkemgx tbgctx cpno vgpxnex cnp grkovlg, ncon`mlg vbnegx np oneg} ked tbgpg hke `g hlgkp mextkehgx nc grtnptmne cnhwxgd neygkagp vwvmlx% Tbg ontmsg np k lkpig vkpt nc mt mx tn dgonextpktg vnygp ked hpgktgcgkp%

;;% Sgp`kl `wll}mei onxt nctge tkagx tbg cnpo nc ekog/hkllmei% Tbg pkeig nc ekog/hkllmei ked ntbgp wevlgkxket lkeiwkig mx ymdg ked tbgpg kpg xmiemcmhket dmccgpgehgx memtx ipksmt}% Hnetgovnpkp} ogdmk cnp sgp`kl k`wxg mehlwdg ogxxkigx `} on`mlg vbnegked gokml, ybmhb ogkex tbkt `wll}mei hke gsge meskdg lmcg kt bnog%

;0% Onpg dmccmhwlt tn dgcmeg ked dgtght kpg tbnxg cnpox nc wll}mei tbkt kpg metgedgdtn bwpt `} xvpgkdmei pwonwpx, okamei oklmhmnwx khhwxktmnex, okemvwlktmei xnhmklegtynpax, ked xggamei tn xmdglmeg np nxtpkhmxg medmsmdwklx%

;8% Mt mx k xkd ckht tbkt tbg cnhwx nc `wll}mei hke `g onpg np lgxx ke}tbmei tbktdmxtmeiwmxbgx ke medmsmdwkl ked pgvpgxgetx k dgsmktmne cpno k vpgxwogd enpo cnpgrkovlg xmzg, `nd} xbkvg, bkmp hnlnwp, xame, g}gxmibt, dpgxx, lkeiwkig np okeegpmxox1ked vpnygxx, np tbg lkha nc mt, me lgkpemei, xvnpt np ntbgp khtmsmt}% Mt hke cnhwx ne

vgpxnekl `khaipnwedx, mehlwdmei vkpgetx jn`x, bnwxgx ked lmcgxt}lgx, ked hkexnogtmogx dgpmsg cpno dggv/xgktgd lnhkl cgwdmei, ymtb dmxkipggogetx `gtygge kdwltxvkxxgd tn hbmldpge, ybn tbge kht tbgo nwt me xhbnnl% @wll}mei hke cnhwx ne pkhg,ektmneklmt}, hwltwpg np pglmimne, np k omrtwpg nc tbgxg ymtb dmxtmehtmne, cnp grkovlg,`gtygge pkhmxo ked pglmimnwx `mintp} `gmei {wmtg lnxt ne tbg vgpvgtpktnp% Mt hke klxncnhwx ne xgrwkl kttpkhtmsgegxx, np tbg lkha nc mt, ked xgrwklmt}, `kxgd ne bnonvbn`mk,omxni}e}, np `ntb%

;4% Cmekll}, tbgpg kpg dmccgpgehgx me bny `wll}mei mx hnedwhtgd% Mt hke g k neg/ncc npxwxtkmegd, ked dkokimei gmtbgp yk}% Mt hke `g vkmecwll} n`smnwx, `wt mt hke klxn `gxwppgvtmtmnwx ked xw`tlg% Dmpght vb}xmhkl `wll}mei ked tbpgktx nc vb}xmhkl `wll}mei, onpgnctge wxgd `} `n}x, kpg wxwkll} onpg gsmdget tbke sgp`kl metmomdktmne ked

okemvwlktmne, ybmhb mx onpg hnoone konei implx% @wll}mei hke `g vgpvgtpktgd `} kemedmsmdwkl, neg/ne/neg, np `} k ipnwv ne neg medmsmdwkl np ne k ipnwv% @}xtkedgpxxnogtmogx xbny tkhmt khhgvtkehg tn xwhb ke grtget tbkt tbg smhtmox xgg tbgo kx vkptnc tbg vpn`lgo%


12/33

7

Tbg grtget nc `wll}mei

;7% Tbg grtget tn ybmhb `wll}mei mx pgvnptgd mx weaenye% Pgikpdlgxx nc bny nctgetgkhbgpx ked vkpgetx pgomed vwvmlx tbkt tbg} xbnwld dmxhwxx ke} ynppmgx ymtb tbgo,xnog hbnnxg tn pgokme xmlget% Dmxhlnxmei ybkt mx bkvvgemei pwex hnwetgp tn k hwltwpgnc ent tgllmei tklgx ked mt hke klxn pmxa okamei tbmeix ynpxg%

;3% Tbgpg kpg en cmpo ektmnekl xtktmxtmhx nc pgvnptgd ked vpnsge hkxgx nc `wll}mei mexhbnnlx% Me vkpt, tbmx mx `ghkwxg dgcmemtmnex nc `wll}mei ked lgsglx nc xgpmnwxegxx skp}, cnpwedgpxtkedk`lg pgkxnex% Kx dmxhwxxmnex ymtb xtkcc ked vwvmlx me tbmx xwpsg} grgovlmcmgd,dmxtmehtmnex `gtygge dgipggx nc nvvpgxxmsg `gbksmnwp kpg bkpd tn cmr, kx kpgdmxtmehtmnex me metget ked gccght% Tbg vpn`lgo nc dgcmemtmne mx mllwxtpktgd `} hnoonepgkhtmnex cpno vwvmlx khhwxgd nc `wll}mei, xwhb kx: yg ygpg nel} bksmei k lkwib1 Mykx nel} tgkxmei1 yg dmdet bwpt bmo%

;9% Tbg vpn`lgo nc dgcmemtmne mx pgclghtgd me tbg hktginpmxktmne nc `wll}mei } xhbnnlx%Ybkt xnog xhbnnlx pgikpd ked pghnpd kx xmovl} kiipgxxmsg np wevlgkxket `gbksmnwp

hke bksg hbkpkhtgpmxtmhx tbkt ntbgp xhbnnlx ynwld pghnpd kx gsmdgehg nc `wll}mei%

;2% Xwpsg}x nc hbmldpge ked }nwei vgnvlg xwiigxt tbkt tbg} xgg wll}mei kx onpgymdgxvpgkd tbke xhbnnl xtkcc ked ntbgp kdwltx ok} dn% Tbg xwpsg}x mehlwdg:

{ k hkxg xtwd} nc k xokll xkovlg nc xhbnnlx me ;==9, pgvnptgd me tbg DcGXiwmdkehg ne `wll}mei "xgg vkpkipkvb 4-, ybmhb pghnpdgd tbkt 4%8' nc vwvmlxpgvnptgd `gmei `wllmgd tyn np tbpgg tmogx vgp onetb

{ metgpektmnekl pgxgkphb hkppmgd nwt `} V%A% Xomtb gt kl "Tbg ektwpg nc xhbnnl`wll}mei: k hpnxx/ektmnekl vgpxvghtmsg, Pnwtlgdig, ;===-, ybmhb medmhktgd tbkt`gtygge ;6' ked 06' nc vwvmlx metgpsmgygd me Geilked bkd `gge `wllmgd me

tbg xmr onetbx vpmnp tn tbg xwpsg}% Nc tbgxg vwvmlx, 37' xkmd mt lkxtgd nel} cnp kygga np k onetb, ;8' xkmd mt hnetmewgd cnp k tgpo, =' xkmd mt hnetmewgd cnp k}gkp, ked ;8' xkmd mt hnetmewgd cnp xgsgpkl }gkpx

{ k xtwd} nc }nwtb hpmog cnp tbg Bnog Nccmhg "]nwtb Hpmog: Cmedmeix cpno;==2.;=== ]nwtb Lmcgxt}lgx Xwpsg}, K% Clnnd/Vkig gt kl, 0666-, me ybmhb k`nwt ktbmpd nc tbg ;0/ tn ;3/}gkp/nldx xwpsg}gd pgvnptgd `gmei `wllmgd kt xhbnnl me tbgvpgsmnwx }gkp

{ kekl}xmx `} HbmldLmeg, tbg xwvvnpt kigeh} cnp }nwei vgnvlg, ybmhb medmhktgdtbkt nsgp 06,666 hbmldpge hnetkhtgd tbgo `gtygge Kvpml 0666 ked Okphb 066;k`nwt `wll}mei ked tbkt, nc tbnxg ybn iksg tbgmp kig, egkpl} tbpgg {wkptgpxygpg nc xghnedkp} kig

{ k xtwd}, pgvnptgd me @wll}mei me @pmtkme: Tgxtmonemgx cpno Tggekigpx "K% Aktz,]nwei Snmhg 066;-, ybmhb hnllghtgd smgyx cpno 9,666 }nwei vgnvlg, nc ybnoonpg tbke bklc xkmd tbg} bkd `gge `wllmgd, neg me tge xgsgpgl} xn, ymtb k{wkptgp xk}mei tbkt `wll}mei ykx tbg okme hkwxg nc xtpgxx me tbgmp lmsgx%;

;=% Tbg ewo`gp nc pgvnptgd hkxgx nc hnoone kxxkwlt, khtwkl `ndml} bkpo npynwedmei me xhbnnlx tbkt hke `g dgxhpm`gd kx kpmxmei cpno `wll}mei mx sgp} xokll% MeNcxtgd mexvghtmnex, tbg ewo`gp nc hkxgx nc xgpmnwx `wll}mei wedgp khtmsg hnexmdgpktmne`} xhbnnlx mx klxn sgp} xokll% Bnygsgp, ybgpg xhbnnlx hnedwht xwpsg}x, tbg} hke `gdmxok}gd kt tbg vgphgetkigx nc vwvmlx ybn xk} tbg} bksg `gge `wllmgd ked.np bksg


; Cnp khhnwetx nc `wll}mei, xgg, cnp grkovlg, @wll}mei: ke keentktgd `m`lmnipkvb} ked pgxnwphgx,K% Xameegp "]nwtb Ynpa Vpgxx, xghned gdmtmne, ;==3-1 Omenpmt} Gtbemh Vwvmlx me Okmel} Ybmtg Xhbnnlx,T% Almeg gt kl "DcGX Pgxgkphb Pgvnpt 837, 0660-1 Mc lnnax hnwld amll: }nwei ynoge ked `wll}mei "]OHK@pmgcmei Mxxwg 9, 0660- ked tbg yg`xmtgx nc xwvvnpt npikemxktmnex xwhb kx: yyy%hbmldlmeg%npi%wa,yyy%amdxhkvg%npi%wa, ked yyy%`wll}mei%hn%wa%


13/33


14/33

Hno`ktmei `wll}mei

Cgktwpgx nc innd vpkhtmhg

k xtpnei gtbnx me tbg xhbnnl ybmhb vpnontgx tnlgpkehg ked pgxvght, mehlwdmeipgxvght cnp dmccgpgehg ked dmsgpxmt}

vnxmtmsg lgkdgpxbmv cpno xgemnp xtkcc ked insgpenpx ne bny `wll}mei mx tn `gdgklt ymtb ymtbme tbg nsgpkll vnlmh} ne kttmtwdgx ked `gbksmnwp

k hlgkp vnlmh} xtktgoget k`nwt `wll}mei ybmhb bkx mevwt cpno xtkcc, insgpenpx,vkpgetx ked vwvmlx ked ybmhb mehlwdgx grkovlgx nc bny mextkehgx nc `wll}meiymll `g bkedlgd

k vlkeegd kvvpnkhb me hwppmhwlwo ked twtnpmkl vpnipkoogx tn tbg mxxwg nc`wll}mei me k hnetgrt ybmhb vpnontgx xglc/gxtggo ked hnecmdget pglktmnexbmvx

pgiwlkp tpkmemei cnp kll xtkcc tn pkmxg ked okmetkme kykpgegxx, tn klgpt tbgo tnmedmhktnpx ybmhb ok} xwiigxt `wll}mei, ked tn g{wmv tbgo ymtb yk}x ncpgxvnedmei tn mt

vgpmndmh hnexwltktmne nc vwvmlx tn cmed nwt ybkt `wll}mei nhhwpx, ybge, ybgpgked `} ybno

hnecmdgetmkl ked skpmgd ogkex cnp klgptmei tbg xhbnnl tn hwppget mextkehgx nc`wll}mei

gccmhmget vktpnllmei `} xtkcc ked vpgcghtx nc tbg xhbnnl xmtg, gxvghmkll} tnmlgtx,lwehb {wgwgx ked xghlwdgd kpgkx, ked tbgmp vpgxgehg kt tbg xhbnnl iktgx kt tbg`gimeemei ked ged nc tbg dk}

xkcg vlk} kpgkx np {wmgt pnnox cnp }nweigp vwvmlx np tbnxg ybn cggl tbpgktgegdkt `pgka tmogx

yk}x nc `pgkamei dnye kig/ipnwv xtpktmcmhktmne, cnp grkovlg tbpnwib wdd}x}xtgox, omrgd/kig twtnp ipnwvx, ked nwt/nc/xhbnnl hlw`x pwe `} nldgp vwvmlx cnp}nweigp negx

medgvgedget lmxtgegpx, mehlwdmei nldgp vwvmlx ked kdwltx ntbgp tbke xhbnnl xtkcc,tn ybno smhtmox nc `wll}mei ok} twpe

tbg mesnlsgoget nc vwvmlx me vpnhgdwpgx dgklmei ymtb mextkehgx nc `wll}meitbpnwib hmphlgx nc cpmgedx, vggp ogdmktmne ked ntbgp xhbgogx

vpnovt ked tbnpnwib mesgxtmiktmne nc pgvnptgd mehmdgetx, mehlwdmei hnetkht ymtb

vkpgetx nc smhtmox ked `wllmgx me npdgp tn kipgg, mc vnxxm`lg, k hnwpxg nc khtmne vpnsmxmne cnp cnllny/wv ymtb smhtmox nc `wll}mei ked tbg `wllmgx tbgoxglsgx

k x}xtgo tn pghnpd mehmdgetx nc `wll}mei xn tbkt kekl}xmx nc vkttgpex, ybgtbgp ncvwvmlx mesnlsgd, t}vg, lnhktmne np tmog, hke mecnpo vnlmh} ked vpkhtmhg%


9


15/33

2

Kx M {wmhal} lgkpegd ybge M `ghkog k bgkd, dgklmei ymtb `wll}mei mx k egsgp/gedmei vpnhgxx ked neg tbkt eggdx tn `g vpnkhtmsg pktbgp tbke xmovl} pgkhtmsg%Mtx k`nwt `gmei smimlket ked tkamei gsgp} nvvnptwemt} tn dgsglnv k xhbnnl gtbnxtbkt pgjghtx xtgpgnt}vgx, sklwgx gsgp}neg cnp bmx np bgp nye wem{wg xglc, kedvpnontgx tbg k`mlmt} tn govktbmxg% Khbmgsmei ked okmetkmemei tbkt cwedkogetkl

xbmct me kttmtwdgx ked `gbksmnwp mx bkpd ynpa ked mt bkx tn mesnlsg gsgp} ogo`gpnc xtkcc kll tbg tmog%

00% Ne tbg gsmdgehg nc xhbnnl mexvghtmnex, vpnhgdwpgx cnp dgklmei ymtb xgpmnwx hkxgxnc omx`gbksmnwp, mehlwdmei kll cnpox nc `wll}mei ked bkpkxxoget, bksg movpnsgd mexghnedkp} xhbnnlx me pghget }gkpx% Tbg} kpg eny innd np `gttgp me tbpgg {wkptgpx ncxhbnnlx, tbnwib xtmll wexktmxckhtnp} me ; xhbnnl me 07% Konei tbg movpnsgogetx bksg`gge tbg ipgktgp hlkpmt} ked dglm`gpktgegxx ymtb ybmhb grvghtktmnex nc `gbksmnwp kpgkipggd, vw`lmhmxgd ked vwpxwgd, tbg ckht tbkt pghnpdx nc `gbksmnwp bksg `ghnog onpgxnvbmxtmhktgd ked imsg k `gttgp vmhtwpg nc gsgetx ked vkttgpex nsgp tmog, ked tbgmetpndwhtmne nc xvghmcmh metgpsgetmnex tn ondmc} `gbksmnwp%

08% Movpnsgogetx nc tbgxg amedx ygpg lkpigl} gsmdget me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd me tbmxxwpsg}% @gbksmnwp ykx wxwkll} innd ked, me xnog xhbnnlx, wxwkll} sgp} innd npgrhgllget% Pgclghtmei tbmx igegpkl vmhtwpg, tbg lgsgl nc pghnpdgd ked hnecmpogd `wll}meiykx lny me tbg xhbnnlx% Xgpmnwx mehmdgetx ygpg sgp} pkpg, kltbnwib tbgpg ygpg k cgy,mehlwdmei vb}xmhkl kxxkwlt ked tbgct ybmhb bkd tbg hbkpkhtgpmxtmhx nc `wll}mei, ked tbgxhbnnlx ygpg ent xktmxcmgd tbkt `wll}mei bkd hgkxgd tn `g k xmiemcmhket ckhtnp%

Tbg `kxmx cnp gccghtmsg khtmne

04% Me tbg xhbnnlx dgklmei onxt xwhhgxxcwll} ymtb `wll}mei, bgkdtgkhbgpx ygpg hlgkptbkt, kx neg nc tbgo xkmd, `wll}mei mx ent nel} bwptcwl `wt xtnvx vwvmlx cpno lgkpemei%Tbg} wedgpxtnnd tbkt aggvmei vwvmlx xkcg ked bglvmei tbgo tn okekig pglktmnexbmvxked `gbksmnwp ygpg gxxgetmkl tn pkmxg xtkedkpdx%

07% Xtpnei lgkdgpxbmv } tbg bgkdtgkhbgp ykx hpwhmkl me gxtk`lmxbmei k xbkpgdhnoomtoget tn tkhalmei `wll}mei, `kxgd ne tbg onpkl vpmehmvlgx nc pgxvghtmei ntbgpx,khhgvtmei dmsgpxmt} ked dgonextpktmei hkpg ked hnwptgx}% Tbg xhbnnlx ynpagd bkpd tn`wmld ke ktonxvbgpg nc tpwxt xn tbkt vwvmlx cggl xghwpg k`nwt tbgoxglsgx ked tbgmpvlkhg me tbg xhbnnl%

03% Khtmne kikmext `wll}mei ykx xgge kx metgipkl tn tbg xhbnnlx igegpkl kvvpnkhb tn`gbksmnwp% Ag} cgktwpgx nc tbkt kvvpnkhb mehlwdgd:

{ k hndg nc hnedwht kipggd `} tbg ybnlg xhbnnl hnoowemt} tbkt dgcmegxwekhhgvtk`lg `gbksmnwp

{ vkxtnpkl xtkcc bksmei k ag} pnlg me movpnsmei `gbksmnwp ked xwvvnptmei tbnxgymtb vpn`lgox

{ hlgkp pgykpdx ked xkehtmnex cnp `gbksmnwp wedgpxtnnd ked tkage xgpmnwxl} `}tbg vwvmlx

{ xtkcc onemtnpmei hnppmdnpx ked ntbgp kpgkx nwt nc lgxxne tmogx

{ vgpmndmh tpkmemei ne `gbksmnwp cnp kll xtkcc, mehlwdmei tbnxg egy tn tbg xhbnnl,tn gexwpg hnexmxtgeh} nc kvvpnkhb khpnxx tbg xhbnnl

{ metgpsgetmnex, xwhb kx tbg wxg nc lgkpemei xwvvnpt wemtx, wxgd ygll tn ondmc}`gbksmnwp

{ pghnpdx nc vwvml `gbksmnwp wxgd tn xgt tkpigtx ked tn dmxhwxx vpnipgxx ymtbvkpgetx%



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09% Lgxx tkeim`lg, `wt egsgptbglgxx vnygpcwl, hnetpm`wtmnex tn vnxmtmsg `gbksmnwp ygpgtbg xtgvx tkage `} xhbnnlx, xnogtmogx ent hnexhmnwxl}, tn hpgktg k xnhmk`lg ktonxvbgpgked innd pglktmnexbmvx konei vwvmlx% Tbg} mehlwdgd xtgvx ybmhb `pgka dnye `kppmgpx`gtygge }gkp ipnwvx me tbg xhbnnl, xwhb kx: `wdd} x}xtgox cnp egy ]gkp 9 vwvmlx nptbnxg jnmemei tbg xhbnnl kt ntbgp tmogx1 pgkdmei vkptegpx mesnlsmei nldgp vwvmlx

ynpamei ymtb }nweigp negx1 bnwxg x}xtgox np, me xnog hkxgx, omrgd/kig twtnp ipnwvx1ked gsgetx, khtmsmtmgx, hlw`x ked xnhmgtmgx ymtb vkptmhmvktmne dpkye cpno khpnxx tbgxhbnnl%

Ketm/`wll}mei vnlmhmgx

02% Kll tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd bkd xvghmcmh vnlmhmgx tn hno`kt `wll}mei% Onxt vnlmhmgx bkdxtkptgd kx xbnpt xtktgogetx tbkt bkd `gge dgsglnvgd tn hnsgp vpnhgdwpgx ked yk}x ncynpamei% Tbg} ygpg wedgpxtnnd `} xtkcc ked vwvmlx ked xwvvnptgd `} vkpgetx kedinsgpenpx% Xnog, bnygsgp, ygpg mexwccmhmgetl} dgtkmlgd me tbgmp hnsgpkig nc kll tbgglgogetx nc gccghtmsg khtmne me xhbnnlx, tbnwib onxt ygpg hpnxx/pgcgpgehgd tn vnlmhmgxne vgpxnekl, xnhmkl ked bgkltb gdwhktmne "VXBG- ked g{wkl nvvnptwemtmgx%

0=% Tbg `gxt ketm/`wll}mei vnlmhmgx govbkxmxg tbkt k hwltwpg nc ent tgllmei tklgx npipkxxmei cnxtgpx `wll}mei% Tbg} okag mt hlgkp tbkt:

{ tbg xhbnnlx kmox ogke tbkt ke} amed nc bkpkxxoget mx ent tnlgpktgd

{ vwvmlx, vkpgetx ked xtkcc eggd tn wedgpxtked ybkt mx ogket `} `wll}mei ked tnpgvnpt mehmdgetx nc mt

{ tbgpg kpg x}xtgox cnp vwvmlx tn pgvnpt `wll}mei tbkt omemomxg tbg pmxa nc okameitbmeix ynpxg

{ kll kllgiktmnex nc `wll}mei kpg mesgxtmiktgd ked, mc hnecmpogd, tbg} kpg khtgdwvne, ymtb hlgkp vpnhgdwpgx ked xkehtmnex xvghmcmgd ked kvvlmgd hnexmxtgetl}

{ pghnpdx nc mehmdgetx ked tbg nwthnogx nc mesgxtmiktmnex kpg wxgd tn mecnpopgsmgy ked vlkeemei `} xtkcc ked insgpenpx

{ tbg ogkex nc xwvvnptmei smhtmox nc `wll}mei mehlwdg tbg mesnlsgoget nc tbgmpvggpx

{ tbgpg kpg vpnhgdwpgx tn vwemxb tbg `wll} `wt klxn tn okag xwpg tbkt tbg`gbksmnwp mx ent pgvgktgd

{ tbg hwppmhwlwo mehlwdgx vpnipkoogx tbkt `wmld xglc/gxtggo, xglc/hnecmdgehg kedpgxvnexm`lg kxxgptmsgegxx

{ tbg kmo nc me/xgpsmhg tpkmemei mx tn pgcpgxb xtkcc wedgpxtkedmei nc bny tnokekig `gbksmnwp igegpkll} ked tn dgtght ked pgxvned tn `wll}mei, ked tbmxtpkmemei hnsgpx xtkcc egy tn tbg xhbnnl%

86% Hpwhmkll}, tbg xhbnnlx tbkt dgklt ymtb `wll}mei gccghtmsgl} agvt tbg vnlmh} klmsg%Tbg} hnoowemhktgd mt ymdgl}, pgcgppgd tn mt pgiwlkpl}, cnp grkovlg me kxxgo`lmgx kedtwtnp tmog1 tbg} pgsmgygd mt cpno tmog tn tmog1 ked tbg} okdg mt hlgkp tbkt vwpxwmeitbg vnlmh} ykx k okttgp nc igegpkl vpkhtmhg ked ent nc xmovl} pgkhtmei tn pgvnptgdmehmdgetx%

Tpkmemei

8;% Me kll tbg xhbnnlx, kykpgegxx nc `wll}mei bkx `gge dgsglnvgd tbpnwib me/xgpsmhgtpkmemei% Tbg onxt hnoone kvvpnkhb ykx cnp ag} xtkcc tn kttged LGK tpkmemei ked cnptbgxg tgkhbgpx tn tbge ynpa ymtb tbg pgxt nc tbg xtkcc ne k tpkmemei dk} me xhbnnl% Meoke} hkxgx, xtkcc cpno LGK xgpsmhgx ygpg wxgd tn xwvvnpt xhbnnl/`kxgd tpkmemei%



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80% Tpkmemei bglvgd tgkhbgpx tn wedgpxtked tbkt `wll}mei dngx ent in kyk} mc k xhbnnlmienpgx mt1 mextgkd, mt hke `ghnog vkpt nc tbg hwltwpg% Tbg} ygpg klxn bglvgd tnkvvpghmktg tbgmp pnlg me xgttmei k vnxmtmsg tneg ked me bksmei hnexmxtget grvghtktmnexk`nwt kttmtwdgx ked `gbksmnwp%

88% Kx k pgxwlt nc tpkmemei, vpnhgdwpgx ked x}xtgox ygpg pgsmgygd% Me neg xhbnnl,dmxhwxxmne lgd tn k pgxtpwhtwpmei nc tbg twtnp x}xtgo, ymtb vwvmlx pgnpikemxgd metnomrgd/kig ipnwvx me npdgp tn omr xnhmkll}% Vwvmlx me tbmx xhbnnl `glmgsgd tbg hbkeigbkd xmiemcmhketl} movpnsgd pglktmnexbmvx, hbkeigd kttmtwdgx ked bglvgd }nweigpvwvmlx, ybn mehpgkxmeil} lnnagd tn nldgp vwvmlx cnp xwvvnpt pktbgp tbke xggmei xnog, ktlgkxt, kx tbpgktgemei me tbgmp okeegp%

84% Me kentbgp xhbnnl, ybgpg dmxhwxxmne nc `wll}mei vpnovtgd tbnwibt k`nwt twtnpxaenylgdig nc vwvmlx igegpkll}, xtkcc kxagd tn `g tmogtk`lgd cnp k bklc/bnwp xgxxmnegsgp} ygga tn oggt ymtb medmsmdwkl vwvmlx cpno tbgmp twtnp xgtx% Tbg} ogt tyn vwvmlxcnp ;7 omewtgx gkhb tn dmxhwxx tbgmp vpnipgxx% Vwvmlx `pnwibt grkovlgx nc ynpa keddmxhwxxgd ybkt bglvgd np bmedgpgd tbgo me lgkpemei% Twtnpx cnwed tbkt hnoogetxk`nwt `wll}mei, kx ygll kx lgxx xgpmnwx okttgpx k`nwt pglktmnexbmvx, {wmhal} gogpigd metbmx xgttmei%

87% Kxvghtx nc `wll}mei tbkt oke} xtkcc me xhbnnlx cmed dmccmhwlt tn kvvpnkhb kpg tbnxghnehgpegd ymtb pkhg ked xgr% Tbg tpkmemei vpnipkoogx dmd ent klyk}x imsg genwibkttgetmne tn tbgxg kxvghtx, vgpbkvx ne tbg kxxwovtmne tbkt tbg} ynwld `g dgklt ymtbwedgp tpkmemei nc kentbgp amed%

83% Xtkcc me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd xbnygd pktbgp lgxx hgptkmet} me dgklmei ymtb ekog/hkllmei ked ntbgp sgp`kl k`wxg k`nwt xgrwklmt} tbke ke} ntbgp okttgpx% Vwvmlx klxn cmedtbmx kpgk dmccmhwlt% Tbg} ygpg kykpg tbkt, wedgp tbg iwmxg nc bksmei k lkwib, xnogvwvmlx okag vgpxnekl hnoogetx k`nwt ntbgpx xgrwklmt}, xwhb kx wxmei tbg grvpgxxmne}nwpg ik}, nc `n}x, me k hnedgoektnp}, bnonvbn`mh tneg% Implx hke `g smhtmox nc

meewgedn np nwtpmibt k`wxg k`nwt vpgxwogd xgrwkl khtmsmt}% Ybmlg oke} vwvmlx dmxomxxxwhb xtktgogetx kx xmovl} xmll}, ntbgpx, vkptmhwlkpl} tbnxg tp}mei tn okag xgexg nc tbgmpnye xgrwklmt}, hke hlgkpl} cggl sgp} wehnocnptk`lg me k hlmoktg okpagd `} hpwdgxtgpgnt}vmei ked bnxtmlmt} tn dmccgpgehg%

Mesnlsmei vwvmlx

89% K hnoone ckhtnp konei tbg xhbnnlx tbkt tkhalgd `wll}mei xwhhgxxcwll} ykx tbkttbg} hnexwltgd vwvmlx k`nwt tbgmp grvgpmgehgx, tbpnwib hlkxx dmxhwxxmnex, xhbnnlhnwehmlx, {wgxtmneekmpgx, np k hno`mektmne nc tbgxg% Me oke} hkxgx, xhbnnlx cnwed tbktkhtmsg vwvml mesnlsgoget kpmxmei cpno tbmx hnexwltktmne, tbpnwib vggp vpgxxwpg ked meonpg xvghmcmh yk}x, ykx vnygpcwl me hnwetgpmei `wll}mei%

82% Tbg `kxmx cnp tbmx mx ke gtbnx tbkt gehnwpkigx vwvmlx tn xk} ybkt tbg} tbmea k`nwtkxvghtx nc xhbnnl lmcg ybmhb tbg} `glmgsg kpg me eggd nc movpnsgoget% Xtkcc geikigdvwvmlx me dmxhwxxmnex mecnpokll} kx ygll kx cnpokll}, okdg mt hlgkp tbg} ygpg egsgp tnn`wx} tn lmxtge ked tbkt tbg} ygpg ent hnovlkhget np dgcgexmsg k`nwt tbg xhbnnlxvgpcnpokehg% Vwvmlx wedgpxtnnd tbpnwib kxxgo`lmgx, twtnp tmog ked xw`jght lgxxnex tbgmovnptkehg nc tklamei tbmeix tbpnwib ked tbg} cglt tbkt tbgmp smgyx ygpg `gmei tkagexgpmnwxl}%

8=% Me bklc tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd, xhbnnl hnwehmlx ygpg mesnlsgd me dmxhwxxmne ymtb xgemnpxtkcc k`nwt vwvmlx hnetpm`wtmnex tn tkhalmei `wll}mei% Tbpgg {wkptgpx nc tbg xhbnnlx bkdwedgptkage k xvghmcmh xwpsg}, xnogtmogx pgvgktgd nsgp tmog, nc vwvmlx nvmemnex k`nwt`wll}mei, dgsmxgd `} tbg LGK gdwhktmnekl vx}hbnlni} xgpsmhg, ked xtkcc wxgd tbg

cmedmeix kx k `kxmx cnp dmxhwxxmne% Tbg xhbnnlx bkd xnogtmogx `gge xwpvpmxgd `} tbggrtget tn ybmhb `wll}mei, gxvghmkll} metmomdktnp} vwxbmei ked xbnsmei, lny/lgsgl sgp`klwevlgkxketegxx ked dgemipktnp} xgrwkl hnooget, ykx pgvnptgd%



18/33

;;

46% Kx k pgxwlt nc xwpsg}x tbg xhbnnlx klxn bkd `gttgp mecnpoktmne tbke `gcnpg k`nwtcgktwpgx ked vkttgpex nc `wll}mei cnp grkovlg:

{ tbg kig nc smhtmox, ymtb ]gkp 9 vwvmlx `gmei onxt kt pmxa

{ tbg grtget tn ybmhb `wll}mei ykx neg/ne/neg, kx hnovkpgd ymtb k ipnwv neneg np k ipnwv ne k ipnwv

{ ybge ked ybgpg mehmdgetx nc `wll}mei tnna vlkhg

{ tbg lkeiwkig wxgd `} `wllmgx

{ tbg grtget tn ybmhb tbgct nc np dkokig tn hlntbmei ked ntbgp vnxxgxxmnex ykxmesnlsgd%

4;% Dmxhwxxmnex nc `wll}mei ymtb vwvmlx hke, nc hnwpxg, `g dmccmhwlt tn bkedlg kx tbg}ok} `pmei nwt wevlgkxket kxvghtx nc `gbksmnwp ked lkeiwkig ked imsg pmxg tn wetgxtgdkllgiktmnex% Tgkhbgpx eggd tn bksg xtpnei pglktmnexbmvx ymtb vwvmlx tn dmxhwxx xgexmtmsg

mxxwgx lmag tbgxg% Neg xhbnnl metpndwhgd hlkxx, }gkp ked ybnlg xhbnnl hnwehmlx% Me negxgxxmne n`xgpsgd me tbmx xhbnnl, vwvmlx me k hlkxx hnwehml dmxhwxxgd ybkt xtnvvgd tbgocpno lgkpemei% Tbg} dmxhwxxgd bny tyn `n}x, ybn ygpg vpgxget, metmomdktgd vwvmlxked okdg lgxxnex dmccmhwlt `} tbgmp kttmtwdgx ked `gbksmnwp% Tbg tgkhbgp okekigd tbmxdmccmhwlt dmxhwxxmne sgp} ygll, kxamei vwvmlx tn hnexmdgp vnxmtmsg vpnvnxklx ked imsmeitbg tyn `n}x k hbkehg tn xk} tbgmp vmghg% Kx k pgxwlt, kll kipggd tbkt tbgpg xbnwld `g kxgktmei vlke cnp kll lgxxnex xn tbkt tbg tyn `n}x xbnwld `g xgvkpktgd cnp k vgpmnd nctmog% Vwvmlx tbge snlwetggpgd tn xmt ymtb tbgo ked mehlwdg tbgo vnxmtmsgl} me lgxxnex%K lgttgp ykx xget tn kll tgkhbgpx ne `gbklc nc tbg hlkxx kxamei tbgo tn hn/nvgpktg% Tbgmetmomdktmne hgkxgd%

40% Ybge dmxhwxxmei `wll}mei ymtb BOM, vwvmlx me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd ygpg nctge kxtwtgk`nwt bny tn bkedlg mt% Tbg} pgvgktgdl} pgtwpegd tn tbg sklwg nc bksmei xglc/hnecmdgehg, np kt lgkxt vwttmei wv tbg kvvgkpkehg nc bksmei mt, kx tbg `gxt ogkex ncdgcgehg% Tbg} tklagd k`nwt: yksmei mt kyk}1 tbg wxg nc bwonwp tn dgclght pgokpaxogket tn `g ynwedmei1 ked pgcwxmei tn tkag tbg `kmt ked `ghnog pmlgd% Tbg} klxnpgcgppgd tn ntbgp tkhtmhx: geikimei vpmsktgl} ymtb medmsmdwkl ogo`gpx nc k `wll}meiipnwv xn kx tn cmed nwt ybkt tbg vpn`lgo np ontmsg ykx1 cmedmei k egy cpmged np xgtnc cpmgedx1 ksnmdmei xmtwktmnex np vlkhgx ybgpg `wll}mei ykx onpg vpgsklget1 kxamei tnonsg ipnwvx1 ked hnomei tn xhbnnl np inmei pnwed tbg xhbnnl ymtb ntbgpx pktbgp tbkeklneg% Vgpbkvx pgipgttk`l}, tbg} klxn tklagd k`nwt tbg sklwg nc xwhb tkhtmhx kx aggvmei}nwp bgkd dnye me hlkxx, tkamei dk}x ncc tn ksnmd tpnw`lg, `pnkdgemei tbg hneclmht `}mesnlsmei ntbgpx, np, lmtgpkll}, cmibtmei `kha%

48% Kx tbg khhnwetx `glny mllwxtpktg, okamei ke khtmsg pgxvnexg nc xnog amed, pktbgp

tbke lgttmei tbg vpn`lgo vgpxmxt, ykx nctge tbg kdsmhg nc vwvmlx, kltbnwib tbg}pghniemxgd tbkt tbmx ynwld ent klyk}x ynpa:

Mt xtkptgd cnp wx tbpgg nc wx ybge yg jnmegd tbg xhbnnl hbnmp me tbg cmpxt }gkp%Tbgpg ykx k ipnwv nc `n}x me ]gkp = ybn xmovl} int mt metn tbgmp bgkdx tn vmhane wx, okamei xtwvmd pgokpax k`nwt ckmp} xmeigpx ked tbmeix lmag tbkt% Mt yget necnp k `mt lmag tbkt% Tbge ybge Qo} cpmged_ int pnwibgd wv ne tbg yk} bnog `}tyn nc tbgo, yg jwxt yget ked tnld tbg `miigxt `n}x, tbg xmrtb cnpogpx, me tbghbnmp% M dnet aeny ybkt bkvvgegd grkhtl}, `wt xnogtbmei dmd%

Mt xtkptgd ymtb nppnymeio} vbneg kedlgedmeidmeegp oneg}, `wt M tbmea mtykx pgkll} cnp bgp k`nwt k ygmpd vnvwlkpmt} hnetgxt: ybn ykx `gxt me tbmx np tbkt

ked ybn vgnvlg lmagd onpg% Ybge mt int ekxt} M bkd en mdgk ybkt tn dn ked mtint ynpxg ked ynpxg ybge Qkentbgp impl_ xtkptgd tn jnme me% Kctgp tbg} pmvvgd o}xagthb wv ked M ykx me tgkpx, Opx% @% Qkpt tgkhbgp_ int mt nwt nc og ked xbg xkt wxdnye kctgp xhbnnl ked yget nsgp mt cnp ke bnwp% M hnwldet `glmgsg ybkt hkognwt+ Yg dnet tkla eny, `wt kt lgkxt Mo lgct klneg%



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44% Cnp oke} nc tbg vwvmlx metgpsmgygd, pgxmlmgehg, kxxgptmsgegxx ked cmedmei egycpmgedx ygpg tbg ag}x% Mt ykx klxn movnptket tn igt kdsmhg np, vnxxm`l}, xmovl} hnocnpt cpno xnogneg glxg% Tbg} dmd ent tbmea tbkt kll xhbnnl xtkcc ygpg eghgxxkpml} innd ktdgklmei ymtb `wll}mei, vkptmhwlkpl} tbg onpg mexmdmnwx cnpox nc mt, `wt tbg} pghniemxgdtbkt xnog xtkcc hnwld `g pglmgd ne tn vwt k xtnv tn mt%

47% Me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd, xtkcc ygpg vpgvkpgd tn khaenylgdig tbkt `wll}mei tkagxvlkhg ked onxt xtkcc ygpg ygll kykpg nc tbg xmieklx tbg} omibt bksg tn imsg ybmhbynwld tkhalg mehmvmget np hnetmewgd hkxgx nc `wll}mei% Tbg} bkd tklagd ymtb vwvmlx tnbglv tbgo wedgpxtked bny tbg} xbnwld xvgka ked kht tn hnesg} tbgmp hnehgpex% Tbg}govbkxmxgd tbg movnptkehg tn vwvmlx nc cgglmei xkcg me tbgmp lgxxnex, kpnwed tbg xhbnnlked me tbg smhmemt} nc tbg xhbnnl% Tbg} ygpg klgpt tn ekog/hkllmei ked ntbgp tgpox wxgd`} vwvmlx tn vwt dnye tbgmp vggpx% Tbg} ygpg klxn vpgvkpgd tn lgkpe% Cnllnymeidmxhwxxmnex me neg xhbnnl, k xhmgehg tgkhbgp grvlkmegd:

M dmdet pgklmxg wetml tbg hlkxx tnld og tbkt M dmdet hnooget ybge vwvmlx wxgdvwt/dnyex% Kx k pgxwlt tbg} tbnwibt M kipggd ymtb mt% M tbnwibt mt `gxt tn mienpgybkt ykx xkmd% Mt egsgp nhhwppgd tn og tbkt tbg} ynwld metgpvpgt o} xmlgehg lmag

tbkt% M kxagd tbgo ybkt hnwld M dn tn bglv tbgo lgkpe `gttgp me o} xhmgehglgxxnex ked tbg} xkmd, xtnv vgnvlg vwttmei wx dnye ked xbnymei wx wv% Tbgpgygpg tbpgg `n}x me vkptmhwlkp tbkt dmd mt k ipgkt dgkl% Mt ykx klyk}x dneg ymtbbwonwp `wt M pgklmxgd tbkt okdg mt ynpxg% Ybkt ykx khtwkll} xkmd ykxe t klkwib1 mt bwpt vgnvlg%

Wxmei lgxxnex tn pkmxg kykpgegxx

43% Me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd, tbg hwppmhwlwo ykx vlkeegd xn tbkt vkxtnpkl xgxxmnex kedxw`jght lgxxnex hnwld hnetpm`wtg tn pkmxmei vwvmlx kykpgegxx ked wedgpxtkedmei nc tbgeggd tn hno`kt `wll}mei% Xnog np kll nc tbg cnllnymei cgktwpgx ygpg xgge me kll tbgxhbnnlx:

{ xgxxmnex me twtnp tmog ked VXBG kllnymei vwvmlx tn grvlnpg mxxwgx nc g{wklmt},dmxhpmomektmne ked nvvpgxxmsg `gbksmnwp

{ vwvmlx `gmei xbnye bny tn dgsglnv tbg xamllx, kttmtwdgx ked aenylgdig tn{wgxtmne `gbksmnwp tbkt dmxkdsketkigx medmsmdwklx np ipnwvx

{ tgkhbgpx wxmei hneclmht nc nvmemne ked sklwgx tn cwptbgp tbg lgkpemei nc vwvmlx,dgsglnvmei me vwvmlx ke wedgpxtkedmei tbkt ent kll hneclmhtx hke `g pgxnlsgd tngsgp}negx xktmxckhtmne

{ tgkhbgpx gehnwpkimei vwvmlx tn lmxtge ked tn govktbmxg ymtb ntbgpx ked tn `gkvvpnvpmktgl} kxxgptmsg

{ vwvmlx `gmei tkwibt k`nwt k ymdg xvghtpwo nc pglktmnexbmvx ked bny tbg} eggdtn lgkpe tn dgsglnv tbgo, ymtb tbg okme govbkxmx ne bny cpmgedxbmvx ipnyked kpg xwxtkmegd%

49% Me cmsg xhbnnlx, ynpa me Geilmxb lgxxnex hnetpm`wtgd entk`l} tn kykpgegxx, nctgetbpnwib tbg wxg nc lmtgpktwpg tn grvlnpg cgglmeix nc mxnlktmne, metmomdktmne ked k`wxg%Me tbg xkog yk}, bmxtnp} lgxxnex wxgd grvgpmgehg ked smgyx nc `wll}mei tn bglv vwvmlxkvvpghmktg bmxtnpmhkl hkxgx nc metmomdktmne, pkhmxo ked vgpxghwtmne% @ntb dpkok kedVXBG nccgpgd vwvmlx tbg hbkehg tn grvlnpg hnovlgr mxxwgx nc pglktmnexbmvx% Neg xhbnnlme Enpymhb okdg vkptmhwlkpl} gccghtmsg wxg nc dpkok me ]gkp = tn xwvvnpt ynpa me VXBGne `wll}mei% Tbg vpndwhtmne ykx tkage tn ntbgp xhbnnlx ked wxgd `} tbg LGK me tbgtpkmemei nccgpgd tn tgkhbgpx me ke keewkl ketm/`wll}mei hnecgpgehg%

42% Tbg npikemxktmne nc xw`jght lgxxnex hke klxn okag k vpkhtmhkl dmccgpgehg, kxn`xgpsktmnex xbnygd% Tgkhbgpx me tbgxg xhbnnlx nctge vpnsmdgd innd nvvnptwemtmgx cnpvwvmlx tn ynpa hnextpwhtmsgl} ymtb gkhb ntbgp, dgsglnvmei tgko/ynpa tbpnwib



20/33

hn/nvgpktmsg khtmsmtmgx% Ymtbnwt eghgxxkpml} `gmei hnexhmnwx nc tbg gccght, np grvlmhmtk`nwt mt, innd tgkhbgpx okekigd lgxxnex ygll me npdgp tn xtpgxx tbg wekhhgvtk`mlmt} ncvgpxnekl hnoogetx ked vwt/dnyex% Tbg} klxn npikemxgd xgktmei tn `pgka wv ipnwvxked tn aggv tbg d}ekomhx vnxmtmsg%

Nwtxmdg lgxxnex

4=% Tbg xhbnnlx ybmhb dgkl gccghtmsgl} ymtb `wll}mei pgsmgygd tbg kppkeigogetx okdgcnp tbnxg vkptx nc tbg dk} ybge vwvmlx cggl onxt kt pmxa ked, cnp grkovlg, okdghbkeigx tn `pgka ked lwehbtmog xwvgpsmxmne% Tbg} hbghagd xghlwdgd kpgkx nc tbgxhbnnl xgge `} vwvmlx kx bmib/pmxa mehlwdmei tnmlgtx, ybmhb kpg nctge pgvnptgd `}vwvmlx kx tbg vlkhg ybgpg `wll}mei tkagx vlkhg% Tbg} klxn agvt k vkptmhwlkpl} hlnxg g}gne onsgoget kpnwed tbg xhbnnl iktgx kctgp xhbnnl, ked ne xhwcclgx mesnlsmeivnxxgxxmnex%

76% Tpkexvnpt tn ked cpno xhbnnl mx nctge mdgetmcmgd kx k lnhktmne cnp `wll}mei kedxhbnnlx bkd dgtkmlgd ked xnogtmogx pgvgktgd dmxhwxxmnex ymtb `wx ked.np pkml

hnovkemgx k`nwt vpkhtmhkl xtgvx tn `g tkage tn dgkl ymtb mt% Kctgp gxtk`lmxbmei tbkt`wll}mei tnna vlkhg ne hgptkme `wxgx, neg xhbnnl kppkeigd cnp vpgcghtx tn tpksgl netbgo cnp k vgpmnd nc tmog% Tbgpg ykx xnogtmogx wxgcwl dmxhwxxmne ymtb ntbgp xhbnnlxybge tpkexvnpt ykx xbkpgd np tn pgdwhg tbg vpnxvght nc hneclmht kctgp xhbnnl%

7;% Me neg xhbnnl, xtpktgimgx tn omemomxg tbg pmxa nc `wll}mei nwt nc lgxxnex mehlwdgdxwvgpsmxmne `} ene/tgkhbmei xtkcc nc k pnno kt lwehbtmog xn tbkt vwvmlx ybn cgglswlegpk`lg np ybn kpg xmovl} ent mehlmegd tn `g nwtxmdg bksg k xkcg vlkhg tn tkla npvlk} ikogx% Tgkhbgpx xwvgpsmxgd tbg hketgge, gehnwpkimei }gkp ipnwvx tn omr xnhmkll}%Xmrtb/cnpo vwvmlx xgt k pglkrgd tneg cnp }nweigp vwvmlx tn cnllny, ked tbg} gejn}gdxnhmklmxmei% Xtgvx me ntbgp xhbnnlx mehlwdgd metpndwhmei onpg mednnp xnhmkl kpgkx,bksmei onpg lwehbtmog hlw`x ked khtmsmtmgx, ked znemei vlk}ipnwedx tn gexwpg tbkt`n}x ikogx dn ent dnomektg kll tbg kskmlk`lg xvkhg%

Mdgetmc}mei ked mesgxtmiktmei `wll}mei

70% Tbg `gxt metgllmigehg k`nwt `wll}mei me xhbnnlx hnogx ybge vwvmlx kpg gehnwpkigdtn lgt xtkcc aeny mc tbgpg kpg vpn`lgox, gmtbgp cnp tbgoxglsgx np cnp ntbgpx, hno`megdymtb klgptegxx ne tbg vkpt nc xtkcc tbgoxglsgx tn xmiex nc `wll}mei% Me tbmx pgxvght, tbggsmdgehg cpno tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd mx tbkt tbg pnlg nc k cnpo twtnp mx hgetpkl, kx gccghtmsgcnpo twtnpx bksg k innd ipkxv nc tbg xnhmkl pglktmnexbmvx ymtbme ipnwvx ked okagnvvnptwemtmgx tn tkla tn ked lmxtge tn vwvmlx me tbgmp ipnwvx%

78% Xhbnnlx tbkt xwhhgxxcwll} mesnlsgd vwvmlx me ketm/ wll}mei hkovkmiex vnmetgd tn tbgkdsketkig mt iksg me vpnsmdmei k ymdgp hbnmhg nc hnetkhtx tn ybno smhtmox nc `wll}mei

hnwld pgcgp% K xmovlg dgsmhg wxgd me xnog xhbnnlx cnp klgptmei tgkhbgpx tn `wll}mei mx kxvghmkl lgttgp `nr "`wll} `nr- me ybmhb vwvmlx hke lgksg k entg% Mdgkll}, xwhb k `nr mxlnhktgd me kpgkx ybgpg k entg hke `g lgct dmxhpggtl} cnp grkovlg, k vnxt vnmet cnp kllokml tn xtkcc% @gcnpg tbg ged nc tbg xhbnnl dk} tbg `nr mx hbghagd ked k tgkhbgphnetkhtx vwvmlx `gcnpg tbg} in bnog tn xk} tbg entg bkx `gge pghgmsgd ked ymll `gcnllnygd wv%

74% Okmetkmemei smimlkehg kt kll tmogx tbpnwib pgomedgpx tn xtkcc, vwvmlx ked vkpgetxnc tbg hnexg{wgehgx nc `wll}mei mx gxxgetmkl% Me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd, cnpo twtnpx kedntbgp xtkcc mdgetmcmgd xmiex nc `wll}mei% Konei tbg xmiex ogetmnegd ygpg:

{ vpgsmnwxl} grtpnsgpt vwvmlx ghnomei ymtbdpkye

{ vwvmlx `gmei mxnlktgd ked dmxgeikigd cpno tbg hlkxx, weymllmei, cnp grkovlg, tnvkptmhmvktg me ipnwv ynpa

{ wewxwkl vkttgpex nc ene/kttgedkehg


;8


21/33

;4

{ hwtx, `pwmxgx ked tnpe np dmxbgsgllgd hlntbmei, kt tbg `gimeemei np me tbg omddlgnc tbg xhbnnl dk}

{ dkokig tn `nnax np ntbgp vpnvgpt}

{ tbg wekhhnwetk`lg ked vnxxm`l} pgvgktgd lnxx nc `kix, `nnax, g{wmvoget npdmeegp oneg}%

77% Twtnpx ked bgkdx nc }gkp entgd tbkt k xmovlg hnesgpxktmne ymtb tbg vwvml ked.npymtb k cpmged kctgp k lgxxne hnwld ygll `g genwib tn gxtk`lmxb ybgtbgp tbgpg ykx npykx ent k vpn`lgo ked mc tbg vpn`lgo ykx, me ckht, `wll}mei, pktbgp tbke xnogtbmeiglxg% Hbghamei ymtb ntbgp xtkcc ked hnetkht ymtb vkpgetx ykx wxwkll} tbg egrt xtgv mcxwxvmhmnex ygpg kpnwxgd%

73% Mesgxtmiktmne nc xmiex np kllgiktmnex nc `wll}mei cpno vwvmlx np vkpgetx hke tkagwv k ipgkt dgkl nc tmog, tmgmei wv xgemnp xtkcc cnp oke} bnwpx% Xtkcc grvgpmgehgd metbgxg okttgpx ygpg hlgkp k`nwt tbg eghgxxmt} ked tbg sklwg nc cmedmei tbg tmog cnp ckxtmesgxtmiktmne nc kll pgvnptgd mehmdgetx kx k ogkex nc dgonextpktmei tn kll tbkt tbg

xhbnnl ogkex ybkt mt xk}x k`nwt ent tnlgpktmei `wll}mei% Tbg} xky ipgktgp pmxax memienpmei ybkt omibt `g xmeilg mextkehgx nc lny/lgsgl `wll}mei tbke me okamei dgcmemtgge{wmpmgx ybge xwhb hkxgx ygpg pgvnptgd% Ne k vpkhtmhkl entg, tbg} vnmetgd tn tbggccmhkh} nc:

{ mdgetmc}mei k ogo`gp nc xtkcc ymtb ybno tbg smhtmo hnwld tkla nvgel}

{ gehnwpkimei tbg smhtmo tn hn/nvgpktg cwll} me mdgetmc}mei tbg `wllmgx kx tbg `gxtyk} nc xghwpmei tbg smhtmox xkcgt} ked tbkt nc ntbgpx me tbg cwtwpg

{ gxtk`lmxbmei ymtb tbg smhtmo, kx vpghmxgl} kx vnxxm`lg, ybkt lgd tn tbg kttkha ked,ybgpg kvvpnvpmktg, ybkt xtgvx hke pgkxnek`l} `g tkage tn ksnmd xmomlkpxmtwktmnex me tbg cwtwpg

{ metgpsmgymei vwvmlx medmsmdwkll} ybgpg kllgiktmnex nc `wll}mei kpg okdg k`nwt kipnwv

{ kxamei medmsmdwklx tn okag k ypmttge pghnpd nc ybkt ykx dneg np bgkpd

{ `pmeimei tbg smhtmo ked tbg kllgigd `wll} np `wllmgx tnigtbgp kt hgptkme vnmetx metbg ge{wmp}

{ okamei mt hlgkp tbkt hlnxg xwvgpsmxmne mx tn `g okmetkmegd ybmlg tbgmesgxtmiktmne hnetmewgx ked tbkt ke} cwptbgp kttgovt tn metmomdktg tbg smhtmoymll pgxwlt me moogdmktg xkehtmne

{ mesnlsmei tbg vkpgetx nc tbg kllgigd `wll} np `wllmgx me tbg mesgxtmiktmne tn{wgxtmne tbgmp hbmldpge k`nwt tbgmp pnlg, mc ke}%

79% Gxtk`lmxbmei tbg tpwtb nc ybkt bkx bkvvgegd mx, nc hnwpxg, nel} tbg cmpxt xtgv%Kvkpt cpno dghmdmei ybkt khtmne tn tkag kikmext tbg ypneidngp, cnllny/wv khtmne mxeggdgd tn gexwpg tbkt tbg smhtmo mx xwvvnptgd ked tbg kttkha dngx ent nhhwp kikme mcked ybge, me xgpmnwx hkxgx, tbg `wll} pgtwpex tn xhbnnl% Kltbnwib mt mx dmccmhwlt tn jwdigkctgp tbg gsget, tbg grtget tn ybmhb cnllny/wv khtmne nc tbmx amed ykx wedgptkagekvvgkpgd tn skp} me tbg xhbnnlx% Cnllny/wv ykx hnexmxtgetl} innd np sgp} innd meegkpl} tbpgg cmctbx nc tbg xhbnnlx, ymtb owhb dgvgedmei ne tbg tbnpnwibegxx nc tbgtwtnp np bgkd nc }gkp mesnlsgd% Mllwxtpktmnex nc gccghtmsg khtmne kpg imsge `glny%



22/33


23/33

;3

30% Vkpgetx nc k smhtmo nc `wll}mei ektwpkll} yket khtmne tn `g tkage ked, ne nhhkxmne,tbmx hke xggo lmag k dgxmpg cnp pgsgeig% Ynpamei ymtb vkpgetx ybn bksg xtpneicgglmeix k`nwt tbnxg ybn `wll} tbgmp hbmldpge hke `g sgp} dmccmhwlt, `wt welgxx vkpgetxkpg cwll} mehlwdgd me tbg vpnhgxx, tbgpg hke `g k xgpmnwx `pgkadnye nc hnecmdgehg`gtygge tbgo ked tbg xhbnnl% Kx neg vkpget hnoogetgd:

Ybge M cnwed nwt ybkt nwp dkwibtgp bkd `gge tbpnwib M yketgd `lnnd% Tbktxyb} xbg ykx xn xhkpgd nc og cmedmei nwt% Mc M bkd int bnld nc tbgo M ynwld bksggedgd wv me hnwpt o}xglc% Bnygsgp, tbg bgkdtgkhbgp dmxhwxxgd tbg okttgp ymtbog% Bg gsge kllnygd og tn xbnwt kt bmo ked ybge M bkd hklogd dnyexwiigxtgd yk}x me ybmhb yg hnwld dgkl ymtb tbmx% M ykxe t hgptkme kt cmpxt `wtkipggd tn imsg mt k in% Ygll tbg `n} ybn `wllmgd o} dkwibtgp bkxe t dneg mtkikme ked bkx lgct ntbgpx klneg% Xn M xwvvnxg mt ynpagd%

38% Vkpgetx pmibtl} grvght tbg xhbnnl tn tkag tbgmp hnehgpe xgpmnwxl}% Ckmlwpg tn dn xnhke pgxwlt me cnpokl hnovlkmet tn tbg insgpemei `nd} np tbg LGK% LGK nccmhgpxmetgpsmgygd medmhktgd tbkt xmiemcmhket ewo`gpx nc hnovlkmetx pghgmsgd ygpg ybgehnoowemhktmne bkd `pnage dnye cnp grkovlg, ybge tbg xhbnnl dghlmegd tn xk}

ybkt khtmne bkd `gge tkage kikmext tbg vgpvgtpktnpx%

34% Mt mx vkptmhwlkpl} movnptket tbkt xhbnnlx bksg xtpnei lmeax ymtb vkpgetx ybge kemesgxtmiktmne nc kllgigd `wll}mei `} tbgmp hbmld mx eggdgd ked mc xw`xg{wget khtmne bkxtn `g tkage% Vkpgetx nc `wllmgx nctge cmed mt bkpd tn khhgvt tbg mokig nc tbgmp hbmldvpgxgetgd `} tbg xhbnnl ked dge} tbgmp hbmld mx hkvk`lg nc xwhb `gbksmnwp% Mt mx,tbgpgcnpg, movnptket tbkt dmxhwxxmnex kpg `kxgd ne ygll/dnhwogetgd gsmdgehg% Cgytpkmemei hnwpxgx grmxt cnp xgemnp ked vkxtnpkl xtkcc tn lgkpe bny tn movpnsg tbg yk}tbg} dgkl ymtb xwhb dmccmhwlt xmtwktmnex%

Xvghmcmh xtpktgimgx

37% K tbmpd nc tbg xhbnnlx bkd ygll/gxtk`lmxbgd x}xtgox nc vwvml mesnlsgoget mecnllny/wv khtmsmtmgx ked x}xtgox ygpg dgsglnvmei me kentbgp tbmpd% Xnog nc tbg xhbnnlxme tbg xwpsg} wxgd neg np onpg nc tbg tghbem{wgx dgxhpm`gd `glny% Mt ykx hlgkp tbkt klltbgxg hnwld `g gccghtmsg me vkptmhwlkp hmphwoxtkehgx%

33% Wetml pghgetl}, tbg wxg nc tbg hmphlg nc cpmgedx tghbem{wg ykx lkpigl} hnecmegd tnvpmokp} xhbnnlx% Bnygsgp, onpg xghnedkp} xhbnnlx kpg kdnvtmei mt kx k xtpktgi} tnxwvvnpt vwvmlx% Kt tbg bgkpt nc tbg kvvpnkhb mx tpkmemei: vwvmlx kpg tpkmegd tn `gcpmgedsmhtmox nc `wll}mei ked tbg `wllmgx tbgoxglsgx% LGK gdwhktmnekl vx}hbnlni} np`gbksmnwp xwvvnpt xgpsmhgx wxwkll} vpnsmdg tbg tpkmemei cnp vwvmlx ked tbg xwvgpsmxmeitgkhbgpx%

39% Tbg gccght nc tbg hmphlg nc cpmgedx ne smhtmox nc `wll}mei ykx xmiemcmhket% Tbg} cglt

lgxx mxnlktgd ked aegy tbgmp vggpx ynwld ent pgokme vkxxmsg mc ke}neg metmomdktgd nptpnw`lgd tbgo% Tbg cpmgedxbmv ipnwv `pnag dnye tbg mxnlktmne nc tbg smhtmox kedbglvgd tbgo tn `glnei%

32% K xtpgeitb nc tbg x}xtgo mx tbkt mt hke xwvvnpt ent nel} xwvvnpt smhtmox, `wt klxntbnxg ybn `wll}% Neg vwvml metgpsmgygd xkmd:

M wxgd tn vmha ne vgnvlg `ghkwxg M dmde t pgkll} bksg ke} cpmgedx% M cglt hlwox},ked tn okag xwpg vgnvlg dmdet vmha ne og, M vmhagd ne tbgo% M int metn tpnw`lgked Omxx tklagd tn o} owo ked og% K ipnwv nc vgnvlg me tbg hlkxx int tnigtbgpymtb og% Tbg} lgt og jnme me ymtb tbgo me lgxxnex ked kt `pgka tmog% Tbg} int tnaeny og ked tbg xmll} tbmeix M wxgd tn dn, ked tbg} bglvgd og tn xtnv ybkt Mykx dnmei%

3=% Tbg gccght ne `gcpmgedgpx ykx movpgxxmsg: tbg} lgkpegd tn wedgpxtked ybktntbgpx hnwld `g inmei tbpnwib% Kx neg xkmd:



24/33

;9

M `gcpmgedgd k impl ybn M tbnwibt ykx xtpnei `ghkwxg xbg khtgd bkpd% Xbg hnwldonwtb ncc ked dmdet xggo tn hkpg% Ybkt yg cnwed nwt ybge yg xtkptgd tn igttn aeny bgp ykx mt ykx kll cpnet% Xbg ykx xn xhkpgd nc `gmei xbnye wv xbgynwld in ne tbg kttkha% Xbg tbnwibt tbkt mc xbg ykx bkpd xbg hnwld aggvgsgp}neg kyk}% Kll xbg pgkll} dmd ykx okag bgpxglc lnegl} ked bwpt k lnt nc ntbgp

vgnvlg%

96% Tbg wxg nc vggp ogetnpmei tn imsg xwvvnpt tn vwvmlx ne k pkeig nc okttgpx,mehlwdmei `wll}mei, mx mehpgkxmeil} wxgd me xghnedkp} xhbnnlx% Tn `g gccghtmsg, mt eggdx khlgkp dgcmemtmne nc ybkt tbg pnlg mesnlsgx "ked dngx ent mesnlsg- ked k bmib lgsgl nchnoomtoget cpno xtkcc%

9;% Me tbg gxt vpkhtmhg, kctgp memtmkl tpkmemei, wxwkll} `} LGK xtkcc np snlwetkp}npikemxktmnex, tbg vwvmlx okag tbgoxglsgx aenye tn tbg pgxt nc tbg xhbnnl, cnpgrkovlg `} imsmei tklax me kxxgo`lmgx ked VXBG lgxxnex% Vggp ogetnpx kpg wxwkll} nedwt} kt `pgka ked lwehbtmog ked hke `g hnetkhtgd me vgpxne, smk k `wll} `nr np kt ktgkhbgpx xwiigxtmne% K xgemnp ogo`gp nc xtkcc onemtnpx ogetnpx ynpa ked dgklx ymtbmxxwgx ybmhb kpg `g}ned tbgmp grvgpmgehg ked grvgptmxg%

90% Okamei wxg nc vggp ogetnpmei mx ent ymtbnwt mtx vpn`lgox% Ybgpg tbmx ogtbndykx gccghtmsg, tbg kipggd yk}x nc ynpamei ygpg hlgkp% Tbgpg ykx ke wedgpxtkedmeitbkt vggp ogetnpmei mx ent k xw`xtmtwtg cnp kdwlt khtmne `wt vkpt nc tbg xhbnnlxpgxvnexg tn imsg moogdmktg xwvvnpt ybmlg xtkcc tkag okttgpx cwptbgp% Vkptmhwlkp hkpg mxeggdgd me tbg yk} tbg vwvmlx mesnlsgd kpg vpgxgetgd ked vpgxget tbgoxglsgx tn ntbgpxmc tbg} kpg ent tn `g tbg `wtt nc bnxtmlg hnooget% Egsgptbglgxx, tbg xtpgeitb nchbkpkhtgp nc vggp ogetnpx ogt me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd ykx movpgxxmsg% Tbg} hkog cpnokll kig ipnwvx ked `khaipnwedx% Ybkt tbg} igegpkll} bkd me hnoone ykx k hlgkpwedgpxtkedmei nc tbgmp pnlg ked tbg tghbem{wgx tn wxg ked k hkvkhmt} tn lmxtge,wedgpxtked ked govktbmxg% Tbg }nweigxt vggp ogetnpx xgge ygpg ]gkp 2 vwvmlx ybn,kctgp tpkmemei ked tyn tgpox me tbg pnlg, ygpg kx hlgkp me tbgmp wedgpxtkedmei ked

gccghtmsg me xwvvnptmei tbgmp vggpx kx oke} nldgp vwvmlx% Nldgp vwvmlx dmxhwxxgd kedkdsmxgd }nweigp ogetnpx me pgiwlkp oggtmeix ybgpg kene}onwx np cmhtmnekl hkxgxygpg dmxhwxxgd%

98% Me neg xhbnnl, vwvmlx gekhtgd k hnwexgllmei xgxxmne tbkt bkd `gge vkpt nc tbgmpvggp ogdmktmne vpnipkoog% Tbg} xbnygd bny tyn vwvmlx dmxhwxxgd vpn`lgox kedygpg bglvgd tn pgxnlsg tbgo% Ogdmktnpx lmxtgegd tn kll xmdgx nc k dmxvwtg, kxagd{wgxtmnex ked bglvgd tbnxg mesnlsgd tn cmed k xnlwtmne% Movnptketl}, ogdmktnpxgrvlkmegd tbkt ent kll hneclmhtx hnwld `g gkxml} pgxnlsgd ked ent kll mxxwgx hnwld pgokmehnecmdgetmkl% Tbg xhbnnl `glmgsgd xtpneil} tbkt vggp ogetnpx ygpg k`lg tn bglv vwvmlx`} hpgktmei k xkcg ked xwvvnptmsg gesmpneoget ybgpg dmxkipggogetx hnwld `ggrkomegd ked owtwkl wedgpxtkedmei dgsglnvgd%

94% Vggp ogetnpx hke nctge wedgpxtked `gttgp tbke kdwltx tbg vpgxxwpgx ne ked tbgcgkpx nc tbgmp vggpx% Kx neg bgkdtgkhbgp xkmd:

Yg tgll vwvmlx nsgp ked nsgp tbkt kx k xhbnnl yg dn ent tnlgpktg `wll}mei% Ygbksg vnxtgp hkovkmiex, kxxgo`lmgx% Yg tgll tbgo tbg} hke kvvpnkhb ke} kdwlt mctbg} kpg ynppmgd% Bnygsgp, oke} dnet ked ybge yg vpgxx tbgo kx tn yb}, mtx`ghkwxg tbg} xgg wx pwxbmei kpnwed dnmei ybkt yg dn ked dnet yket tn `ntbgpwx% Tbktx yb} nwp vggp ogetnpx ked vpgcghtx kpg xwhb movnptket ogo`gpx nctbg hnoowemt}% Vwvmlx cggl tbg} hke kvvpnkhb tbgo ked tbpnwib tbgo igt tn wx%Mtx ent k`nwt k lkha nc tpwxt1 mtx k`nwt `gmei k`lg tn tkla tn xnogneg nc }nwpnye kig ent xnogneg lnnamei `kha 06, np, me o} hkxg, 46 }gkpx% Vggp ogetnpmeibglvx nwp vwvmlx tn cggl tbg} hke okag k dmccgpgehg cnp ntbgpx me nwp hnoowemt}%Tbg nel} vpn`lgo mx, kx }nw mehpgkxg tbgmp egintmktmei xamllx, }nw bksg tn tpkme

xtkcc tn okekig `gttgp `ghkwxg vwvmlx kpg onpg k`lg tn kptmhwlktg tbgmp smgyxked nvmemnex tbke `gcnpg%



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Ntbgp xnwphgx nc xwvvnpt

97% Xnog nc tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd bkd khhgxx tn kddmtmnekl xnwphgx nc xwvvnpt, tbpnwibmemtmktmsgx lmag Grhgllgehg me Hmtmgx, tbpnwib kigehmgx xwhb kx Hneegrmnex, tbg }nwtbxgpsmhg ked xnhmkl xgpsmhgx, ked tbpnwib snlwetkp} npikemxktmnex% Tbgxg kddmtmneklxnwphgx nc xwvvnpt hke okag k sklwk`lg hnetpm`wtmne tn tbg ynpa nc tbg xhbnnl ybgetbgmp mevwt mx hkpgcwll} okekigd tn hnovlgoget ybkt tbg xhbnnl mx klpgkd} dnmei%

93% Xnog xhbnnlx tbkt kpg vkpt nc tbg Grhgllgehg me Hmtmgx vpnipkoog kpg k lg tngovln} lgkpemei ogetnpx ybn hnog cpno k pkeig nc `khaipnwed `gxmdgx tgkhbmei kednvgpktg ymtbme xhbnnlx tn xwvvnpt tbg grmxtmei vkxtnpkl x}xtgox% Tbg} kpg wxgd, koneintbgp pgkxnex, tn xwvvnpt smhtmox nc `wll}mei ked xnog kpg tpkmemei vwvmlx tn kht kxvggp ogetnpx ked `gcpmgedgpx%

99% Hneegrmnex xgpsmhgx kpg kt ke gkpl} xtkig nc dgsglnvoget% Bnygsgp, me neg LGK,xhbnnlx ygpg klpgkd} wxmei tbg xamllx nc vgpxnekl kdsmxgpx tn xwvvnpt `ntb smhtmox ked`wllmgx% Neg bgkdtgkhbgp xkmd:

Tbg kskmlk`mlmt} nc vgpxnekl kdsmxgpx bkx kxxmxtgd wx me `gttgp oggtmei tbg eggdxnc xnog vwvmlx% Tbnxg ybn kpg dmxgeikigd cpno lgkpemei nctge bksg xnogybgpgme tbg `khaipnwed k dmxlmag nc xhbnnl `ghkwxg nc egiktmsg tbmeix tbg} gehnwetgp%Yg tmogtk`lgd tbgxg vwvmlx tn xgg vgpxnekl kdsmxgpx kt ke gkpl} xtkig me Ag}Xtkig 4%

Neg tbmei tbkt bkx gogpigd mx k lgsgl nc `wll}mei yg ygpg {wmtg wekykpg nc metbg vkptmhwlkp }gkp ipnwv% Bksmei mdgetmcmgd tbg mxxwg tbpnwib Hneegrmnex, tbgxgemnp okekigoget tgko ked insgpenpx bksg dmxhwxxgd yk}x nc dgklmei ymtb mt%Neg xwiigxtmne cpno vwvmlx ykx tn lnna kt vggp ogdmktmne% Kx k pgxwlt yghnetkhtgd tbg LGK ybn vwt wx me tnwhb ymtb tbpgg xhbnnlx yg hnwld smxmt ybmhbwxg mt% Tbg vgpxnekl kdsmxgp, tgkhbgpx ked vwvmlx bksg smxmtgd kll tbpgg ked ygbksg eny kxagd tbg LGK tn bglv npikemxg tpkmemei cnp xtkcc ne `wll}mei kedtpkmemei cnp vggp ogdmktnpx%

92% @ghkwxg xnogneg bkd tmog tn xmt ked bgkp ybkt vwvmlx ygpg xk}mei, khtmne ykxtkage tn pgogd} k vpn`lgo nc ybmhb xtkcc ygpg wekykpg%

9=% K ewo`gp nc ektmnekl snlwetkp} npikemxktmnex kpg sgp} khtmsg me ketm/`wll}meiynpa, nctge me kxxnhmktmne ymtb tbgmp ntbgp ynpa ymtb hbmldpge ked }nwei vgnvlg%Tbgpg ygpg grkovlgx nc tbgmp sklwk`lg mesnlsgoget me xnog nc tbg LGKx ked xhbnnlxsmxmtgd%

26% Xnog kpnxg cpno tbg ynpa nc tbg ]nwei Ogex Hbpmxtmke Kxxnhmktmne "]OHK- kedtbg ]YHK Geilked # Yklgx "cnpogpl} aenye kx tbg ]nwei Ynogex Hbpmxtmke

Kxxnhmktmne-, ybmhb tpkme }nwtb ynpagpx tn xwvvnpt vggp ogetnpmei ked ogdmktmnevpnipkoogx me xhbnnlx ked ynpa ymtb medmsmdwklx np xokll ipnwvx% Me neg sgp} inndgrkovlg nc ybkt hke `g khbmgsgd, tbg cnhwx nc ]OHK ynpa me neg xhbnnl ykx k xokllipnwv nc ]gkp ;6 implx ybn ygpg metmomdktmei ntbgpx% Nsgp tmog, tbg implx ygpg bglvgdtn xgg ybkt tbmx `gbksmnwp ogket, yb} tbg} geikigd me mt ked ybkt tbg} hnwld dn tnhbkeig mt% Tbg implx tbgoxglsgx dgsglnvgd vpkhtmhkl ketm/`wll}mei xtpktgimgx tbkt tbgxhbnnl wxgd ked, vkptl} kx k pgxwlt nc tbmx khbmgsgoget, tbg} ygpg pg/metgipktgd metntbg okmextpgko lmcg nc tbg xhbnnl% Me tbmx ked ntbgp hkxgx, tbg snlwetggp ynpagpxgeikigd ygll ymtb tgkhbgpx ked vwvmlx% Tbg} wedgpxtnnd ybkt xwvvnpt vwvmlx eggdgdked kdnvtgd k bmibl} vpncgxxmnekl kvvpnkhb me vpnsmdmei mt% Kx k pgxwlt, xhbnnlx ygpghnecmdget me pgcgppmei }nwei vgnvlg tn tbgo%

2;% Tbg hbmldpgex hbkpmt} @kpekpdnx bkx vpnjghtx ynpamei me k xmomlkp yk} me xhbnnlx,vkptmhwlkpl} me meegp/hmt} kpgkx% Tbg npikemxktmne tpkmex }nwtb ynpagpx cnp xhbnnl/`kxgdvpnjghtx tbkt okag k vnxmtmsg movkht ne vwvmlx% Neg kpgk nc dgsglnvoget bkx `gge tbgwxg nc `lkha ynpagpx me vpnjghtx tn xwvvnpt vwvmlx ybn kpg vkptmhwlkpl} kt pmxa nc



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06

LGK xwvvnpt

28% Kll tbg LGKx smxmtgd govln} xtkcc ymtb xvghmcmh pgxvnexm`mlmtmgx cnp xwvvnptmei ketm/`wll}mei ynpa me xhbnnlx% Me xnog hkxgx tbgpg mx ke kdsmxnp} tgkhbgp ked me ntbgpx k

dgdmhktgd ogo`gp nc tbg `gbksmnwp xwvvnpt xgpsmhg np gdwhktmnekl vx}hbnlni} xgpsmhg%Me kll hkxgx tbgxg xtkcc bkd innd lmeax ymtb VXBG kdsmxgpx% Onxt LGKx klxn ynpa ymtbsnlwetkp} kigehmgx me vpnsmdmei me/xgpsmhg tpkmemei cnp tgkhbgpx ked tpkmemei cnp vwvmlxmesnlsgd me vggp ogetnpmei%

24% Tbg {wklmt} nc tbg me/xgpsmhg tpkmemei vpnsmdgd `} tbg LGKx smxmtgd ykx innd% Meneg LGK, ketm/`wll}mei hnecgpgehgx tkag vlkhg kt ybmhb grvgpt xvgkagpx dmxhwxx kxvghtxnc `wll}mei ked vpkhtmhkl xnlwtmnex tbkt xhbnnlx hke tp} nwt% Kddmtmnekll}, xhbnnlxklpgkd} wxmei vkptmhwlkp xtpktgimgx kpg mesmtgd tn xged vwvmlx tn dmxhwxx ymtb tbgvkptmhmvktmei tgkhbgpx ybkt ynpax ked bny tbg} xgt k`nwt ybkt tbg} dn% Tbgxghnecgpgehgx kpg cnllnygd wv ymtb xvghmcmh ynpa me xhbnnlx `} LGK xgpsmhgx%

27% Kll tbg LGKx vpnsmdgd xhbnnlx ymtb tpkmemei oktgpmklx `nnalgtx, vnxtgpx ked

smdgnx oke} nc ybmhb ygpg vpndwhgd ymtbme tbg LGKx tbgoxglsgx ked ygpg nc k bmib{wklmt}% Oktgpmklx vpndwhgd me Gxxgr LGK ygpg vkptmhwlkpl} innd, nccgpmei tgkhbgpx tbgnwtlmeg ked dgtkml nc khtmsmtmgx cnp wxg me twtnp tmog ked VXBG%

23% Tbgpg mx eny k ygkltb nc khhgxxm`lg ked bglvcwl oktgpmklx cpno ektmnekl kigehmgxkx ygll kx LGKx tn xwvvnpt xhbnnlx me dgsglnvmei gccghtmsg ketm/`wll}mei vnlmhmgx kedvpkhtmhgx% Wecnptwektgl}, xnog xhbnnlx, nctge tbnxg me ybmhb xgpmnwx `wll}mei mx onpghnoone, dn ent wxg tbg oktgpmklx ygll% Kx neg LGK nccmhgp entgd:

Onxt lgttgpx yg pghgmsg tgll wx tbkt vkpgetx dnet cggl lmxtgegd tn% Ybktx onpgxwpvpmxmei mx tbkt nsgp 36' nc lgttgpx kpg cpno jwxt xmr xhbnnlx me tbg LGK kedeneg nc tbgxg xhbnnlx bksg `ntbgpgd tn tkag wv tbg tpkmemei nwp xgpsmhgx nccgp%Kx ckp kx tbg} kpg hnehgpegd, tbg} dnet bksg k vpn`lgo% Tbg gsmdgehg yg bksg

mx tbkt tbg} dn, `wt yg hkeent hnovgl tbgo tn kttged tpkmemei% Nwp dwt} mx tngexwpg tbkt tbg} bksg vnlmhmgx ked vpnhgdwpgx me vlkhg tn tkhalg `wll}mei% Tbgvpn`lgo mx tbg} dn, `wt tbg} jwxt dnet ynpa%

29% Xnog LGKx ynpa me vkptegpxbmv ymtb ntbgp npikemxktmnex tn tkhalg kxvghtx nc`wll}mei tbkt tgkhbgpx kpg ent hnecmdget me dgklmei ymtb% Cnp grkovlg, tbg IpgktgpOkehbgxtgp Vnlmhg Hnoowemt} Kcckmpx @pkehb ynpagd ymtb @nltne LGK, lnhkl bgkltbxgpsmhgx, smhtmo xwvvnpt xgpsmhgx ked ik} ked lgx`mke xwvvnpt ipnwvx tn dgsglnv kvpnjght tn bglv xhbnnlx tn pghniemxg ked xwvvnpt vwvmlx xw`jght tn bnonvbn`mh`wll}mei% Tbg vpnjght dgsglnvgd oktgpmklx ked yk}x nc ynpamei tn xwvvnpt tgkhbmeik`nwt pglktmnexbmvx ked k`nwt hmtmzgexbmv% Gsklwktmne pgvnptx medmhktg tbkt oke}tgkhbgpx cnwed mt wxgcwl me imsmei tbgo vpkhtmhkl xtpktgimgx tn pgdwhg egiktmsgxtgpgnt}vmei ked mtx movkht%

22% Tbpnwib k tbgktpg/me/gdwhktmne vpnipkoog me neg LGK, egkpl} 766 vwvmlxvkptmhmvktgd me xgxxmnex hnsgpmei hnovlgr mxxwgx nc pglktmnexbmvx ked bny ntbgpx kpgsmgygd% Tbg gsklwktmne medmhktgd tbkt nsgp =6' nc vwvmlx sklwgd tbg nvvnptwemt} tngrvlnpg tbg mxxwgx% Nsgp tbpgg {wkptgpx cglt mt bglvgd tbgo wedgpxtked ybkt ntbgpvgnvlg cglt ked bkd meclwgehgd tbgo vnxmtmsgl}% Kx neg vwvml hnoogetgd:

Xhbnnl hket xtnv }nw hkllmei vgnvlg ik}% Ybkt yg dmd okagx }nw tbmea k`nwt mttbnwib ked ybkt mt owxt cggl lmag tn `g vmhagd ne% Tbg vlk} bglvgd tn igt tbgogxxkig khpnxx%



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Hnehlwxmne

2=% Pgxgkphb hkppmgd nwt } khkdgomhx, snlwetkp} npikemxktmnex ked } xhbnnlxtbgoxglsgx mx k pgomedgp tbkt `wll}mei mx k hkwxg nc kermgt} ked dmxtpgxx cnp xmiemcmhket

ewo`gpx nc vwvmlx, kccghtmei tbgmp ygll/`gmei ked tbgmp hkvkhmt} tn lgkpe%

=6% Tbg lny lgsgl nc `wll}mei me tbg xhbnnlx smxmtgd me tbmx xwpsg} pgclghtx tbg nsgpkll{wklmt} nc tbgmp ynpa tn gxtk`lmxb k xkcg, mehlwxmsg ked hnocnptk`lg gesmpneoget meybmhb vwvmlx hke lgkpe ked tbpmsg% Tbg pgkxxwpmei nwthnog cpno tbg pkeig nc ynpaxgge ent kll nc ybmhb ykx wedgptkage np wedgptkage g{wkll} ygll me tbg xhbnnlxsmxmtgd ykx tbkt pgvgkt xwpsg}x nc vwvmlx xbnygd tbkt tbg grtget nc `wll}meivgphgmsgd `} tbgo pgdwhgd kx k pgxwlt nc tbg vnxmtmsg xtgvx tkage% Me ntbgp ynpdx,khtmne `} xhbnnlx, mehlwdmei kekl}xmx, dmxxgomektmne ked xvghmcmh ketm/`wll}mei xtpktgimgx,okdg k dmccgpgehg%

=;% Tbg ckht tbkt tbg xhbnnlx ygpg ent hnovlkhget k`nwt tbg mehmdgehg nc `wll}meiykx, me mtxglc, ke movnptket hnetpm`wtmne tn aggvmei vwvmlx klgpt tn tbg mxxwg ked

hnecmdget me tbg xhbnnlx ked tbgmp nye hkvkhmt} tn dgkl ymtb mt% Tbgmp grvgpmgehgdgonextpktgx tbkt, ybgpg xhbnnlx ckhg wv tn `wll}mei ked dgsglnv yk}x nc omemomxmeimt `} mesnlsmei vwvmlx, xtkcc, vkpgetx ked insgpenpx, tbg} hke bglv vwvmlx tn okekigpglktmnexbmvx ked `gbksmnwp vpndwhtmsgl}% Kx neg vwvml vwt mt:

@wll}mei mx ent ke wevlgkxket ckht nc lmcg% Vgnvlg hke dn xnogtbmei k`nwt mt%Ybkt ygsg lgkpet me nwp ogetnpmei vpnipkoog mx tbkt vgnvlg lgkpe bny tn`wll} ked tbg} hke welgkpe mt% En`nd} yketx tn hnog tn k xhbnnl ybgpg }nw pgcpmibtgegd nc ybnx inmei tn xk} ybkt np dn xnogtbmei% Ybge }nw bksg tnynpp} k`nwt tbkt }nw hket lgkpe ke}tbmei%



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Bullying - Effective Action in Secondary Schools

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