CHAPTER V

KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD - AN OVER VIEW

5.1 K.S.H.B - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS:

The Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB) was established in 1971

as per the Kerala State Housing Board Act 1971, merging the erstwhile

city Improvement Trust. The KSHB is one of the premier Housing Boards

in India and is rendering meritorious service to the public in acquiring a

shelter. The KSHB provided houses for nearly 5 lakh families, over the

past 25 years under various schemes, out of which 85 percent belong to

the economically weaker sections. The mission of the Housing Board is to

provide a habitable shelter to all houseless in the state.

The state of Kerala requires at least two lakh houses every year to

sort out the problem of housing shortage. To achieve the goal of shelter

for all by the end of this century, Kerala Government has envisaged a

comprehensive programme styled Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme. It

covers all the schemes being implemented by the several housing agencies

in the state. Kerala State Housing Board has been nominated as the nodal

agency for the successful implementation of this scheme.

KSHB has evolved several result oriented schemes in order to tackle

this s~tuat~on effectively. KSHB pays greater attention to building houses

for the weaker sections in society. Housing Complex for rehabilitating the

houseless and landless merits special mention. Taking the enormity of the

problem faced by the EWS into consideration in addition to meeting the

housing shortage, the Government has taken steps by concentrating in

upgrading and improving the facilities of houses constructed under the One

Lakh Housing Scheme.

Apart from the lack of finance, escalation in the wage rate of

labourers, cost of materials, and skyrocketting price of land are factors

affecting the housing sector. In this context Housing Board can be the

effective instrument in the purposeful implementation of this important social

objectrve -that is to provide shelter to the homeless and landless.

Crtres are growing fast with scant regard for order of any sort. The

rnflux of labourers from rural areas to urban areas, continues unabated.

Eventually they happen to settle down in the city and its suburbs. To ease

the pressure upon the city and thereby slow down the inflow of people,

Government, has evolved a scheme to establish satellite town ships in

Thrruvananthapuram, Ernakulam and Kozhikode. The first of its kind has

come rnto berng at Tripunrthura near Ernakulam.

The Government has entrusted the work to Kerala State Housing

Board. The Government has entrusted the Board with the construction of

revenue towers at Taluk headquarters. The work of seven Revenue Towers

has already started as the first phase.

As regards the organisational structure the KSHB has 15 members

headed by a non-official chairman. The Housing Commissioner to the

Government is the ex-officio secretary to the Board and is the Chief

Execut~ve The whole state is divided into three regions namely

Th~ruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode and each region is headed

by a regronal Engineer. The Regional Engineers are under the control of a

Chief Engineer stationed at Thiruvananthapuram. The Board has district

offices in all fourteen districts and branch offices in important centres.

Kerala has been making concerted efforts to tide over the crises by

lntroducrng cost effective technology in the field. Attempts are being made

to encourage people to make judicious use of wood so as to help conserve

energy Importance has been given to build housesfor the weaker section

using cost effective methods and utilising locally available materials.

It is estimated that out of 54.59 lakh houses, about 20% are thatched

huts of a semipermanent nature. About 50% of the above category are

substandard huts which are not fit for safe human living. In additions, about

5% of the ex~sting houses required to be demolished and reconstructed.

Thus the demand for housing during the year 1991 was 8.74 lakhs.

The KSHB continues its activities to ease the housing problem.

lnnovatlve and need based schemes for all categories of the society are

implemented by the board. Public housing scheme and cash loan schemes

have pride of place among them. With a view to implement a comprehensive

plan covering the housing needs of all categories, Rajiv one Million Housing

Scheme was launched by the Government of Kerala on 17th September

1991. All the schemes implemented by the public sector agencies were

brought under the Rajiv one Million Housing Scheme.

The progress and implementation within the years 1991-1995 was

substantla1 that nearly 3.5 lakh housing units could be completed during

this period. Of this the share of Kerala State Housing Board alone is 65,000

hous~ng units. A total amount of Rs. 456.28 crores was invested in the

Housing sector during this period.

Kerala State Housing Board could achieve high performance level

In the implementation of Rajiv one Million Housing scheme. Anumber of

steps were taken to improve the performance of the board. Nearly 19 public

hous~ng schemes were completed and 51 schemes were started. Many

policy decisions were taken during the year 1991 -1994 which helped the

turnaround of the Board. Direct purchase of land, exemption from stamp

duty, interest subsidy for EWS category, finalisation of Apartment

Regulation Act, decentralisation, special cell for recovery of dues, issue of

sale deeds, allotment before construction, streamlining of loan

disbursement, finalisation of pending annual accounts etc. are important

among them. When thousands of people became homeless due to the

earth quake in Maharashtra the Board volunteered to take up construction

of 200 houses in Lathur for the victims.

HUDCO has acclaimed KSHB as the best housing agency during

1992-93, 94-95 and 96-97 for its innovative housing schemes, contribution

to weaker section housing, financial discipline and overall performance.

The Board earned profits for the years 1991-96 and is ranked as the 6th

organisation in profitability among the 101 public sector undertakings in

the state '

5.2 SCHEMES OF KSHB IN THE YEAR 2000 :-

The people's campaign for the 9th five year plan, the instruments

for decentralised planning in Kerala has been progressing satisfactorily

with the help of the local bodies. Till recently, the housing activities were

1 Kerala State Housing Board 1995-1996. Silver Jubilee year Report of the Chairman V.T. Sebastian and Secretary P.M. John, p .1 ,2 , 3 Santhi Nagar, Trivandmm.

done by various agencies mainly by the Kerala State Housing Board. Now

the prime role has been transferred to the local bodies consisting of 990

Grama Panchayats, 55 Municipalities, 3 Municipal Corporations, 152 block

Panchayats, and 14 district Panchayats. They are entrusted with the

responsibility of assessing housing demand, estimating resource fund

mobilisation of local skills and building materials, identifying beneficiaries,

implementing and monitoring housing schemes and projects.

The State Government has constituted a task force on housing to

draw up integrated development programmes for the housing sector. They

have assessed the demand for houses as 7 lakhs by the year 2000 AD.

According to the statistics of the planning board 9 lakh houses have already

been constructed between 1991 and 1998. In order to achieve "House for

All by 2002." Kerala may have to construct 1.72 lakh houses every year till

2002. Considering the gravity of the problem, the ninth five year plan has

formulated policies keeping in view the problems of the poorer sections.

The Ma~thri Housing Scheme launched by the Government of Kerala to

provide one lakh new houses for the poor belonging to the economically

weaker sections every year, satisfies one of the most basic needs of our

soc~ety. All our programmes for construction of new houses are directed

towards improving the quality of life for the people proposing to live in them.

Though prime importance is given to the economically weaker sections of

the society provision of housesfor other sectors like LIG, MIG, HIG Rental

Housing Scheme for Government employees etc. are also implemented.

The Government of Kerala proposed to cover the demand for houses

during the years 1999-2002 of the IX plan by a comprehensive housing

scheme through various agencies as follows:

228

Table 5.2.1 . \

/ Housing Agencies and the houses to be constructed I

Kerala State Housing Board

Kerala State Co-operative Housing Federation

Kerala State Development Corporation for SCIST,

STISC Development Department

Rural Development Commissionerate

Housing Finance Institutions, HDFC, LIC, Bank

Housing Scheme through CDS for urban poor

SI No.

Total ~ -- - - -

Source: Housing activities in Kerala (Brief Note) 1999

Housing Agency

The Housing Commissionerate under the control of the housing

commissioner is the nodal department for Co-ordinating the housing

schemes of all agencies to achieve the goal. Kerala State Housing Board,

being the premier housing agency of the state and fore runner in providing

the hous~ng requirements of the state was nominated as the Nodal Agency

for the implementation of various housing schemes. While private

developers are the major suppliers of housing in major urban centres,

housing for the poor remains outside the formal private delivery system.

Hence much remains to be done in designing and financing low income

housing "

Houses to be constructed

2 A brief note on Housing activities in Kerala pp. 1-2, 1999 office of the Housing CotTWIiSSion, Trivandrum.

The primary objective of the Housing Board is to formulate and

~mplement various housing construction schemes, as well as housing loan

schemes for catering to the housing needs of public, belonging to various

income groups namely, weaker sections, low income group, middle income

group and high income group. In addition to this, General improvement

schemes like commercial cum office complex, Government directed

schemes like rental housing schemes, slum improvement schemes,

housing complexes for EWS, Rehabilitation housing scheme, revenue

towers etc. Taking construction work of other agencies also forms part of

the activ~ties of the Board. A brief note on various housing schemes and

cash loan schemes implemented by the Kerala State Housing Board is

furnished below:

5.2.1. Public Housing Scheme (General):

Under this scheme the KSHB acquires/purchases land, develops it

and constructs houseslflats for allotment or allot as plots to the general

public belonging to various income groups. The demand in an area is

assessed based on the registration made by the public preferring allotment

in that area. The land is either purchased directly through negotiation or

acquired as per the Land Acquisition Act. The Board has completed 11128

units under 141 public housing schemes as on 31.10.1999. Construction

of another 752 units in 10 schemes with a project cost of Rs. 7264.72

lakhs are in progress.

5.2.2. Rental Housing Scheme :

The Board has taken up the Rental Housing Scheme by availing

financ~al assstance from the Government, the HUDCO and HDFC for the

purpose of accommodating state Government employees. Construction

of 42 units at Perumbavoor with a project cost of Rs. 268.8 lakhs has been

completed during 1997-98 and of another 78 units with a project cost of

Rs. 931.9 lakhs at Kuttanelloor, Kasargod and Poojappura are at different

stages The Board has completed 1755 units so far.

5.2.3. Housing Schemes for Working Journalists:

Under this scheme (introduced on 24.07.1978), houses are

constructed and allotted to the working journalists in the state. A journalist

who does not possess a house either in his name or in the name of his

wife or dependent children also has the option for constructing a house

either in the plot owned by him or in the plot allotted by the Housing Board.

As per G.0 dated 17.06.83, Government revised the schemes by granting

loan assistance and subsidy for the construction of houses in developed

plots. Twenty Five percentage of the total cost of construction subject to a

maximum of Rs.20,0001- was subsidy component. Later Government

revised the subsidy to Rs. 35,0001- and then to Rs. 50,0001-. Under this

scheme subsidy was given to 95 cases from 1996-1 997 to December 1999.

A spec~al scheme for the working journalist was also formulated and the

construction of 54 units with a project cost of Rs. 316.18 lakhs is completed

in NCC Road, Thiruvananthapuram during 1999-2000.

5.2.4 Housing scheme for Non-Resident Indians :

To cater to the long felt need of Non-resident Indians, the KSHB has

established an NRI cell and are formulating a scheme exclusively for non-

resident Indians. The KSHB allots house sites, gives technical guidance,

supervises constructions etc. Houses are constructed as per the plan

accepted by the NRls in sites acquired exclusively for them. House with

modern facilities with a tentative cost of Rs. 12 lakhs including land value

IS constructed in each selected centre. Loan upto 60% of the cost is given

by the Board and the balance of 40% is the beneficiaries' share. Apart

from thls a certain percentage has been reserved for the NRls in the

allotment of ploUplot with buildinglflats in the public housing schemes of

the Board. Housing schemes exclusively for NRls at Kozhencherri,

Thiruvikramangalam, and Thrikkakara stage Ill are completed. Construction

of 50 units at Mulamkunnathukavu was completed during 1998-'99 and 50

unlts at Pattoor (Reserved for NRls from Pattoor HS), 40 flats at Thrikkakara

and 12 flats at TD Road Ernakulam are in progress.

5.2.5 Housing Complexes (EWS) :

Thls scheme is formulated for the weakest among the economically

weaker sections of the society. The beneficiaries of the scheme are those

who res~de on the road, thodu (gutter) and other Puramboke (Government

land) area. It proposes to construct 50,000 houses within a period of 5

years spreading over 1000 Panchayats. Land for the purpose is purchased

through negotiation, if no suitable Government lands are available.

Construction of 3635 units has been completed in different Panchayats

and construction of another 149 units are in progress.

5.2.6. Office Cum Commercial Complexes:-

Along with public housing schemes, the Kerala State Housing Board

has taken up the construction of officecum-mmmercial/shopping complex

in scheme areas as well as in the major cities and towns. These schemes

cater to the commerciallshopping needs of the area. The rentalllease

revenue IS a major source of income of the Board. The Board has

constructed 19 commercial wmplex/shopping complex so far. Construction

of commercial complex at Balaramapuram and Kattapana are in good

progress and the construction of another 15 numbers are at its initial stages.

5.2.7. Revenue Towers:

The Board has taken up the construction of Revenue Towers in Taluk

Headquarters where there is no mini civil station, as sanctioned in G.O.

(MS) 92IHSQ dt. 28.11.1992. Construction of revenue towers at

Nedumangad, Adoor, Thiruvalla, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam and

Changanasserry are in progress.

5.2.8. Satellite Townships:

With a view to develop parellel townships in the vicinity of the major

townsh~ps near the three Corporation areas of the state namely,

Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode satellite townships are planned

and being implemented by KSHB. As afirst step in this regard it is proposed

to implement a satellite township in Ernakulam District in an area of 500

acres of land. This project is under formulation. A mini satellite township is

also proposed to be implemented at Akkulam near Thiruvanathapuram

Corporat~on in an area of 48 acres of land, acquired by the Board. This

project is proposed to be completed within three years.

5.2.9. Industrial Township:

It IS proposed to construct an industrial township at Kalamassery in

an area of 50 acres of land. The land for the purpose has been taken

possession on 8.12.1995.

5.2.10. Working Women's Hostel:

The Board has decided to implement working women's hostel

project in all important places in the state for accommodating working

women At the outset the proposal is to construct hostels at ldukki, Kottayam,

Thiruvanathapuram, Kozhikode, Ernakulam, Wayanad, Kannur and

Kasargode. The construction work for working women's hostel at ldukki

(Muttom, Thodupuzha) for accommodating 180 persons at a wst of 103.84

lakhs IS almost completed and at Kottayam (Gandhinagar)

accommodating 186 persons at a cost of Rs. 148.32 lakhs is completed

during this financial year. Steps are being taken for constructing working

women s hostel at Thrissur. All the district collectors have also been

requested to identify suitable Government land in this respective districts

for the scheme.

5.2.11. Tourists Cottages:

Considering the possibility of developing tourism in Kerala, the

Board proposes to construct 10 cottages each at important tourism

centres. At the initial stage, the Board will take necessary steps to construct

cottages, at Akkulam in the land possessed by Kerala State Housing

Board. Also the Board proposes, to construct tourist wttages, at Munnar,

Kuttanad, Kumarakom, Bekkal, Bhoothathankettu, Thekkadi, Muzhichilakad

Beach.

5.2.12. Sureksha Housing Scheme:

This scheme is intended for the low income groups at towns and

cities, who do not own even one cent of land. The Board proposes to give

lands and loan for construction of houses for them under simple conditions

234

and also to construct housing schemes exclusively for them. The

~mplementation of this scheme is at its initial stage.

5.2.13. Suburban Housing Complexes :

The Kerala State Housing Board has decided to implement a

scheme named "Suburban housing complexes". The scheme is proposed

to be implemented in suburban areas under the jurisdiction of Development

Authorlt~es in the state. This scheme is proposed to be implemented in

every d~str~ct. The scheme will be implemented in suitable Government

lands in suburban panchayats or private land purchased on negotiation.

The scheme will be implemented with the help of various financial agencies

like HUDCO. And it is decided to construct, a minimum of 10 houses in

each such housing complex. The implementation of the scheme is at its

initial stage

5.2.14 Slum Clearance Scheme:

The scheme envisages rehabilitation of slum dwellers in

Chengalchoola in Thiruvanathapuram city. The flats are being allotted free

of cost to the eligible. Under this scheme construction of 616 flats have

been completed and 528 units have been allotted. Now this scheme has

been transferred to Thiruvanthapuram Corporation.

5.2.15. Kerala Village at Lathur:

The Government of Kerala has entrusted the Board with the

construction of 200 houses at Lathur Maharashtra state to rehabilitate the

earthquake v~ctims. The construction of 168 houses have been completed

and handed over to the beneficiaries. The Board could construct and

complete these houses in a record time.

5.2.16. Consultancy Sewice:-

The Board has a committed team of well qualified engineers

competent to provide consultancy services to Government and Semi

Government organisations. One of such major schemes undertaken at

present 1s the Revenue Institute at PTP Nagar. Consultancy workfor the

construction of legislative hostel (Flats 6 + 1 storeys) at Thiruvananthapuram

IS also taken up by the Board and the design details etc. were handed

over to PWD authorities. The Board has so far completed 6 deposit works

of various parts of the state.

5.2.17. Old Age Home :

The Board has decided to build old age homes in all major cities

of the state. Suitable Government lands have to be identified for this

scheme The layout plans for old age home at Kozhikode has been

prepared The work will be started in 2001. The project in other districts

will be lrnplernented during 2001-2002.

5.2.18. NRI Housing Complexes:

In addltlon to the exsting housing scheme for NRls, the Board has

projected to bu~ld housing complexes having 10 houses each in suitable

places, at Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode, Nedumbassery, Kannur

etc Sultable lands for this scheme are being identified by the Board.

5.2.1 9. Single women housing scheme:

The board proposes to implement a special housing scheme foV,,j

single women where safe and affordable accommodation will be provided

for them. Action is being taken for the identification of the land etc. for the

formulation of the project.

5.2.20. Housing scheme for Veteran freedom fighters:

The KSHB proposes to implement a housing scheme having 50

dwelling units for Veteran freedom fighters at Kozhikode in the land available

in Kozhikode Medical College Housing Accommodation scheme.

5.2.21. Model Village:-

Model village is a village which is self sufficient in providing all the

infrastructural facilities and common amenities for the people residing in

that village. This project will be assisted by HUDCO. The Board has

decided to set up a model village in Alacode village in ldukki District.

5.2.22. Model Building Centre:

The KSHB has decided to establish a model building centre for

demonstration of new building technologies and production of building

materials. It is decided to establish a model building centre in Emakulam.

5.2.23. Amusement Park Cum Cultural Centre Project:

Tourism is growing in Kerala. This growth is not solely attributed to

the foreign tourists but also to the phenomenal growth in domestic tourists.

Nowadays even average families do go for a holiday at least twice or thrice

in an year to holiday resorts and amusement parks. Amusement parks

provide fun and excitement not only to children but also to persons of all

ages. Steps are being taken to establish an amusement park at Muttam,

Thodupuzha near Malankara dam.3

3 Activities of KSHB - A note dated 13.12.1999.

5.2.24. Jubilee Housing Scheme:

The Board has launched a new housing scheme namely 'Jubilee

Housrng Scheme' to commemorate the 50th year of Indian Independence.

In this scheme, a beneficiary has to make an initial deposit of 18%of the

loan amount in the Board and can avail loan according to his financial abilrty

and need only to repay monthly the interest of the loan. Under the scheme

sanctions were issued for 322 cases and 230 units were completed.

Table 5.2.2

Jubilee Housing Scheme - lnstalment Amount

Source: Activit~es of KSHB - A brief note - dated 13.12.1999

Loan Amount

1,OO.OOO

1,50,000

2.00,OOO

3,00,000

4,OO.oOO

5,00,000

5.2.25. Repairs and maintenance loan scheme for LIG, MIG and HIG

categories:

Thls new scheme for LIG, MIG and HIG (repairs and maintenance)

was started in 1996. The amount of loan for each unit was revised as

Rs. 35,0001- Rs. 1,50,000/- and Rs.2,50,000/- respectively payable in two

instalments. The rate of interest of LIG, MIG and HIG schemes has been

rev~sed to 14%. 15% and 16.55% respectively. During 1996-97 to

12/99, loans have been given to 797 units under LIG (Rand M), 580 units

Deposit

18.000

27,000

36,000

54.000

72,000

90,000

Monthly instalmen!

1350

2025

2700

4050

5600

7000

Repayment period

168

168

168

168

168

168

I

40,000

60,000

80,000

1,20,000

1.60.000

2,00,000

I

40,000

60,000

80,000

1,20,000

1,60,000

2.00,OOO

111

20.000

30.000

40,000

60,000

80,000

1,00,000

under MIG (R and M) and 192 units under HIG (R and M) of which 665

unlts 528 units, and 140 units were completed under LIG, MIG and HIG

respectively The amount disbursed are Rs. 252.442 lakhs, Rs. 819.81

lakhs and Rs.315 21 lakh respectively.

5.2.26. Housing Scheme for MLAslMPs:

Housing scheme exclusively for MLAsIMPs of the state was

formulated as per G.O. dt.20.9.1985. The scheme is being implemented

by the Board by availing loan from HDFC. Under this scheme a legislator

or his spouse is eligible to get loan for construction of a new house,

reconstructionlextension to the existing house or purchase of an apartment,

a newly built house at any place of his choice. The maximum loan amount

is lirnlted to Rs. 3 lakhs. The loan amount is to be repaid in equated monthly

instalments in 15 years. The rate of interest is 7%. Under this scheme26

units were completed during 1996-97 to 12/99 and expenditure incurred

is Rs. 87.1 lakhs.

5.2.27. Housing scheme for flood victims (1992):-

This scheme envisages improvement of stability of houses in the

flood prone areas in the state. The HUDCO has sanctioned the scheme

with a total estimate cost of Rs. 47.28 crores out of which 40% is loan from

HUDCO, 30% subsidy from central Government and 30% subsidy from

state Government. The number of units completed were 15235 and Rs.

2490.43 lakhs was expended under this scheme (as per the details

collected from District Collectors.)

5.2.28. Housing Scheme for flood affected victims (1997):

The Board has also launched a housing scheme to provide houses

under Maithri Housing Scheme to persons whose houses have been fully

damaged due to the South West Monsoon of 1997. As per the scheme the

concerned District Collector forwards a list of the eligible beneficiaries

with a deposit amount of Rs. 12,6001- per beneficiary to the Board from

the calamity relief fund (ie. Rs. 11,6001- being one time annuity deposit

and Rs. 10001- being beneficiary's contribution) and the balance amount

required for the construction of the houses would be met by the Board.

5.2.29. Housing Scheme for Central Government Employees:

A Central Government employee who owns at least 5 cents of land

comes under this scheme. The loan amounts are fixed at Rs. 1,12,400/-,

Rs. 1,79,350/- and Rs. 2,69,570/- according to the basic pay of the

employees. The annual amount has to be repaid in 228 monthly instalrnents.

5.2.30. Housing loan for Government employees and teachers under LIG,

MIG, and HIG categories:

The scheme was launched exclusively for the benefit of Government

employees and teachers of the state. Under this scheme loans ranging

from Rs 1 lakh to 3 lakh will be disbursed for construction of houses. The

mode of sanct~oning the loan is the same as that of general cash loan

schemes The loan amount will have to be repaid in 228 monthly

nstalments, the maximum interest being 16%. Under this scheme 681 units

were completed under LIG, 336 units under MIG, and 89 units under HIG

category

4 Annual Report of KSHB 1994

5.2.31. Rehabilitation Housing Scheme:

The scheme was started in June 1985. The beneficiaries of this

scheme were given loan assistance of Rs. 4,5001- and subsidy of

Rs. 1,5001- for the construction of houses costing Rs. 6,0001-. Financial

assistance were provided for the construction of 1,48,772 houses in the

first two phases of the scheme. The rate of interest of the loan was 8.75%

per annurn and the period of repayment spreads over 9 years. The phase

Ill of the scheme was started in March 1987. The beneficiaries are given

loan assistance of Rs. 7,6771- and subsidy of Rs. 1,5001- for the

construction of houses costing Rs.9,1771-. The subsidy portion is met by

the Government and the concerned local body at Rs. 7501- each. The

repayment period fixed is 15 years. The scheme is implemented through

the revenue authorities.

5.2.32. Co-operative Housing Scheme:

The scheme was started in the year 1978 for the construction of

one lakh houses for the people coming under the EWS category in rural

areas of the state. The scheme was implemented jointly by the KSHB and

the Co-operative sector. Funds required for the scheme were raised by

the Board from the HUDCO and the Government and passed on to the

respectwe Co-operative banks for disbursements to the beneficiaries. The I

loan port~on IS to be repaid in 108 months by the beneficiary, with an interest

of 7.5%. The scheme was discontinued and merged with the Rehabilitation

Housing Scheme II phase. The number of houses constructed under this

scheme was 55495

5.2.33. The Kairali Housing Scheme:

The Kairali Housing Scheme was launched on 28th December 1990.

The beneficiaries of this scheme will get a loan assistance of

Rs. 10,0331- for constructing houses costing Rs. 11,8031- no subsidy is

given to the beneficiaries the scheme is intended for EWS category. It was

proposed to construct 25,000 houses each in the I and I1 phase of the

scheme The beneficiaries are selected by the revenue authorities as in

the case of rehabilitation housing ~ c h e m e . ~

5.2.34. The Housing Scheme for Beedi workers:

The KSHB has launched a housing scheme for Beedi workers to

the tune of Rs 6,5001- and got subsidy of Rs. 2,0001- for constructing houses

costlng Rs 12,000. The loan amount has to be repaid in fifteen years with

the Interest of 7% So far 437 units have been completed under this

scheme

52.35, Suvarna Jubilee Housing Scheme:

Thls scheme intends to give financial assistance to all SCIST

Categories w~th the assistance of SClST department, the maximum amount

of loan assstance to a beneficiary is Rs. 35,0001-. This amount need not

be repa~d by the beneficiaries.

5 Annual Report of KSHB 1996

5.2.36. "Sumpoorna" Housing Scheme:

This scheme intends to give technical and financial assistance to

all fam~lies having no house of their own in a selected Panchayath in

each distr~ct with the help of Panchayath and Voluntary organisation,

tfl~r:'uyt, ale Housng Boaxi'

Kerala State Housing Board is the major house building agency

contributing to 56% of the total houses constructed during 1997-98. At the

total number 38857 houses constructed by the Board during 1997-98,

EWS houses constituted 79%, low income group houses 4.7Oh and middle

income group houses 5.6%. It has assisted construction of 3.44 lakh

houses upto 31.3.1997 and implemented as many as 30 schemes. Upto

March 1997, it had completed the construction of 18 commercial shopping

complexes and the construction of commercial complexes. During 1997-

98, the Board raised funds to the tune of Rs. 149 crores from HUDCO

and Rs. 2 86 crores from HDFC. Between April 1998 and December 1998,

it rased Rs. 117 crores form HUDCO.'

The relevant data on the houses constructed is presented in the

table

6 A brief note on the housing activities in Kerala 1999 - Housing Cornmissionerate dated 31.121999, Thiruvanathapuram.

7 Kerala Economic Review 1998, p. 156

Table 5.2.3 Houses constructed bv KSHB from March 1996 to December 1999 Rs. m lakhs -

Source: K. S. H.B. Housing activities - an overview, 1999 March 31.

SI No

1 2 3

4 5

6

7 8

9

10

11

Name of the scheme

c

Public Housing Schemes

Layout housing scheme Rental Housing Scheme

Working Journalist HS

NRI Housing Scheme

Housing Complexes EWS

Working Women's Hostel

Slum Clearance Scheme

Kerala Village at Lathur

Total

Commercial Schemes

Office cum Commercial complex

Revenue towers

Deposit works

GRAND TOTAL

I 3

10413 1713

23

69 3385

616 168

16387

17

6

16410 I

No of units Corn-

pleted UPto 3/96

Achievements during 1997-98

4 ' 5

188 - - -

205

393

1 - -

394 I

No Of units com- pleted

692.68 59.93

0.56 74.29

52.38

879.84

10

205.23 7.54

1102.61 I

E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ture

Achievements during 1996-97

Achievements during 1998-99

249 42

- -

45

336

- -

336 I

No. of units com-

pleted

NO Of units com-

pleted

Expendi- ture

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d i . ture

Achievements during 1999-2000

9 '

1139.53 19.27

55

289.85 2.86

57.79

1564.3

144.97

577.49

119.74

2406.5 I

6 ' 7 '

1206.84 90.87

63.91

371.67

21.35

1754.64

72.55 454.74

25.59

2307.52 I

NO Of

units com-

pieted

11

752 78

102

149 1

1082

2

6 -

1090 I I

10

31

54

1

86

1

1

88 I

8

247 - -

50

-

297

- - -

297 I

N,, Of ' units 'Om-

pleted as on 12/91

-4

Achievements during the present govt.

I

Nos ln progress

No Of

untts corn- pleted

12

458.7 10.3

4 6 8

121.65

59.2

654.63

154.29

723.48 155.08

1667.38 I

Expen- diture

No of units in

progress

Expendi- ture

16 -

1755

77

119

3635

1 616 168

17499

19

0 7

17525 I

15

3497.7511128 180.37

124.15 857.46

76.59

116.99

0 0

4853.31

361.81

1960.94 307.95

7504.01 I

13

715

14

752 42 78'

54 / - 50

250 1

0 0

1112

2 0

I

1115 I

102

149 1

1082

2 6 -

1090 I

The activities of KSHB upto 31.12.1999 are depicted in the table.

Names of the schemes are divided into three categories. Public housing

schemes, commercial schemes and deposit works. The total no. of units

completed over the years 1996-2000 under public housing schemes are

16387, 393, 336, 297, 86 respectively. The total number of public housing

schemes up to 12/99 is 17499. Commercial schemes total no. of units

completed up to 1996 is 17 and the total units completed up to 12/99 is

19. The total no. of units completed in all the schemes under KSHB upto

12/99 is 1 7525.8

5.3. CASH LOAN SCHEMES OF KSHB FROM 1990-2000:-

The Board extends housing loans to all income groups for

construction of houses in the plots owned by them. The cash loan schemes

are malnly refinanced by HUDCO, HDFC, and Banks. Under Rajiv One

Million Housing Scheme, 10 cash loan housing schemes for 60,000 housing

unlts were under implementation. A sum of Rs. 42 crores has been

disbursed during 1992-95 under various loan schemes. The board had

proposed to extend housing loans to the tune of Rs. 70 crores during the

silver jubilee year 1995-96.

5.3.1. LIG Cash Loan Scheme:

Under the LIG scheme, a person whose annual income ranges from

21601 to 54,0001- rupees and has at least 3 cents of land is eligible for

getting loan assistancefor constructing a house cost ofwhich is Rs. 823531-.

Out of thls Rs. 70,000 is the loan portion and the balance amount is the

benefic~ary's share. The loan amount will have to be repaid in 168 monthly

8 KSHB Housing activities - an overview 31 .I 2.1999, KSHB office. Thiruvananthapuram.

instalments with the interest of 14%. Under the scheme during 1996-97 to

12/99 sanctions were issued for the construction of 7733 units and the

construct~on of 6643 units were completed. The amount disbursed under

the scheme during the period is 4185.546 lakhs.

5.3.2. MIG Cash Loan Scheme:

Under MIG scheme maximum loan of Rs. 5,00,0001- is given for

constructing a house, the wst of which is Rs. 6,67,0001-. The annual inwme

limit of people coming under this category ranges from Rs. 54,0001- to

Rs. 90,0001-. The applicant should have at least 4 cents of land in his own

name for availing the loan assistance. The loan amount has to be repaid in

108 months with 15% interest upto 3 lakhs and 16% above 3 lakhs. Under

MIG scheme sanctions were issued for 6493 units during 1996-97 to

12/99 and 6383 units were completed. The expenditure incurred is

Rs. 12,134.43 lakhs.

5.3.3 HIG Cash Loan Scheme:

Under HIG scheme maximum loan of Rs. 15,00,000/- is given for

constructing a house of the wst of which is Rs. 15 lakhs. The annual income

of the people coming under this category should be above Rs. 90,0001-.

The rate of interest for loan upto 10 lakhs is 16.5% and upto 15 lakhs is

18% and the amount is to be repaid in 108 monthly instalments. During the

year 1996-97 to 12199 sanctions were issued for 1322 and 1446 units

completed and Rs.4412.4 lakhs were disbur~ed.~

9 Activities of KSHB op. cit

Weekly progress report of cash loan schemes from 1.4.95 to 21 .I .96

are given in the table.

Table 5.3.1

Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes from 1.4.95 to 20.1.96

Name of ToQi ToQi No. of No. of Wim+ DMD MD Fiks ~ i k s ~ndnl-~a Amaunt Schsms No. of No of forms forms naly i d created psndig . d i i n s d

Forms forms rent to raceived cka- for I I I I l l (Rs. d d received advance from given i-- k+MW)

Advance tnn

EWS (12,5001-) 10722 2850 2762 2651 2530 2175 2106 71 2210 2416 2376 296.31

EWS (26.4001-) 93647 18404 17169 12984 10955 8733 4113 320 2797 777 457 359.96

TOTAL 1254721 260041 245561 19724 172361 141471 9124 581 1 78071 5714 518812578.04

Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram

Table 5.3.2

Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes - EWS

Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram

I Grand Total] 104365( 21254 199311 15635( 134851 109081 621q 391 1 5001 31931 28321 656.21

Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram

Table 5.3.3

Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes - LIG

Name of Scheme LIG (55,000)

Total

Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram

Table 5.3.4

Weeklv Proaress R e ~ o r t of cash loan schemes - MIG

6747

given in-- tion

Name of Scheme MIG ( 1 .OO.OC'O/-1 I

1488 1471

Trivandrum Koc h I Kozhikode

Total

139 1367

1094 1198 1946

4238

1104

370 357 623

1350

105 78 11271 11261 1153138658

364 357 621

1342

302 333 558

1193

290 341 447

1078

291 333 321

945

257' 351 283

891

13 26 20

59

317 267 275

854

307 277 262

846

317

227

794

313.00 250264.20

250.60

827.80

Nanie of Sc leme WIG (1.75.000) - I

Tdal

recewed

Source KSHB - Marn office Thiruvananthapuram

Table 5.3.5

Weekly Progress Report o f cash loan schemes - HIG

No. ol forms sent to

3dvocate

Name of Scheme HIG (3,00.000/-)

Source: Kerala State Housing Board Office.

No. of forms

received from

Advnrlte

In table No. 5.3.1 weekly progress report of various schemes under

cash loan schemes for the year 1995-96 is given. The first column shows

the categor~es of income group with its maximum loan amount. The last

column in table I is the amount of loan disbursed by the Board for each

category of people EWS, LIG MIG and HIG are divided into two groups

Prelimi- nary

clsaranco given

DMD issued

MD e x ~ u l e d

Filer pending

for in--

,inn

Fount burred (Rs.

la&)

~ i l e r lnahiment p u .. I I I I l l

each according to the loan amount sanctioned. The loan amount ranges

from Rs 12.5001- to 3 lakhs. The total amount disbursed during the year

1995-96 1s 2578.08 lakhs. Though the loan amount disbursed is larger in

MIG and HIG group, the number of houses constructed by the loan scheme

IS far greater in EWS and LIG group.

Table 5.3.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4 and 5.3.5 show the categories of persons

according to their income in the three important cities of the state where

the Houslng Board has its regional offices that is Thiruvananthapuram,

Koch~ and Kozhikode.

In the EWS category 656.27 lakhs are disbursed out of the total

amount Rs. 2578.08 lakhs ie. 25%. The maximum number of applicants

and the maximum amount disbursed are in Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram

ranks second and Kozhikode the last.

In the LIG group, the maximum amount disbursed is Rs. 539.26 lakhs

out of the total amount of Rs. 2578.08 lakhs. This is again 21 Oh of the total.

So the lower strata of society received 46% of the total amount disbursed

for houslng under cash loan schemes during the year 1995-96. In this

category also Kochi stands first to utilise the maximum loan amount.

Table 5.3.4 shows the MIG group in which the loan amount ranges

from 1 lakh to 1 75 lakhs though the maximum loan amount is disbursed to

mlddle Income category that is Rs. 942.95 lakhs out of Rs. 2578.08 lakhs

the total loan amount disbursed, the number of beneficiaries are more in

the lower Income category both EWS and LIG.

In the h~gher income group the loan amount ranges between

Rs 2 lakhs - 3 lakhs. The total amount disbursed is only Rs. 439.60 lakhs

out of Rs 2578.08 lakhs ie. 17% of the total. So KSHB gives preference

for the houseless and the landless poor.

Table 5.3.6 Cash Loan Schemes

31.12.1999 Rs. in lakhs

Total units com- pleted 12/99

15

147344

16596

10955

2949

1742

1364

981

211

%

15235

7

881

336

89

55495

Progress -

No. of units sanc- t loned

16

7733

6493

1322

0

797

580

192

32

9985

2

0

0

0

0

Achievements durlng Achievements during

Uni ts cornpie.

teted

SI No

Achievements durlng

No of uni ts sanc- t loned

10

36585

1715

1487

204

382

261

42

8

659

Ach~evements during

No of u n ~ t s sane- t ioned

7

39634

2010

1881

426

219

151

84

9

1733

Name of the s c h e m e

No of unlts sanc- t loned

13

46748

1206

962

57

179

160

26

8

.

present govt

No of "Its

c o m - pleted

17

137391

6643

6383

1446

665

528

140

26

13942

1

0

0

0

0

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1998-99

No o f

units com-

p leted

11

42955

1858

1731

289

332

255

38

7

4522

E X pendl-

ture

18

4289964

4185 55

12134.43

4412.4

0

252.42

819.81

315.21

87.1

1766 99

0.89

0

0

0

0

E x pendl-

ture

6

663716

965.36

2162.33

13176

1.72

5.71

25.23

15.4

1042.79

0.89

1997-98

No of unlts corm pleted

8

30487

1707

2076

663

114

105

33

9

3285

No of u n ~ t s sancc t ioned

4

50058

2802

2183

635

17

8

40

7

6993

2

Ex- pend'.

tu re

12

11920.85

1269.27

4036.05

1017.8

130.95

431.01

125

22.2

346.92

1999-2000

No of units com-

p leted

14

44708

1383

1221

77

216

162

26

6

301

Ex. pendi.

ture

9

9662.08

1071.06

3339 45

1761.6

48.31

142.07

89 48

26.4

377.31

1996-97

No of units c o m ~ pleted

5

19261

1895

1355

417

3

6

43

4

5834

1

Ex- pendi-

ture

15

14679.55173025

87986

2596.6

315.4

0

71.44

241.02

75.5

23.1

-

5/g9

2

EWSI Maithri HS

LiG Cash Loan Scheme

MIG Cash Loan Scheme

HiG Cast, Loan Scheme

Repair and Renewal EWS

R 8 R " LIG

Repair 6 Renewal MIG

Repair and Renewal HIG

MLMs MPls HS

Floods Loen11992- Scheme

Housing Scheme far CG'S

Govi employees + Tea H.S. LIG

God. Employees and Tea MIG

Govl employee^ and Tea HIG

Cwperalive H S for EWS

3

9953

9953

4572

1503

1742

699

453

71

70

1293

6

681

336

89

55495

Table 5.3.6

-- -

Rs. in lakhs

Source: Housing activities an ovemiw - Cash loan scheme - Kerala State Housing'Board main office Santhi Nagar h)

2

S I No Name of the schernt

Units cornple.N~

I 5,99

3

17950

68

434

170977

26

21567

308

1

16

17

1 6

19

20

21

22

2 3

2

SASH for EWS

Hou~ lng scheme far Handloom Weavers

H S for Beedi worMerr

Rehahilitallon H S for EWS

H S for plantatton workers

Kalrall Hauslng scheme

WJHS suteldy

Jubllee Houslno scheme

TOTAL

Ach~evernents during 1996-97

Of u n ~ t s sanc- tionec

4

42

298246

-

Achievements durtng

No of unlts corn-

pleted

5

42

No of unlts sanc- tioned

7

21

224

I I I 62787

Ex- pendi- ture con-

struct

6

14 47

46392

Ach~evements dur~ng 1997-98

unlts corn-

pleted

8

21

20

No of units sanc- tioned

I 0

17

9

28661

No of pendl-

ture con-

struct

9

7 1

1 7 5 0 8

38520 ) 16699.9 41431 49366

Achlevernents dur~ng 1999-2000

12188 64

Ex-

1 9 5 1 4 2 4

1998-99

unlts corn-

pleted

11

17

178

No of units s a n c tioned

13 - - - -

15

7

198989 167490 I

No of pendl-

ture con-

struct

12

5 7 4

206 45

I 48147

Progress - present govt

6731845 465736 I

pieted 12199

19

17950

68

434

170977

26

21567

403

230

-

Total un~ts corn- Ex

1691543

No of u n ~ t s corn-

pleted

14

15

32

No of units sanc- tloned

16

0

0

0

0

0

0

95

322

8

Ex p e n d i

ture con-

struct

15 - -~

5 25

27.11

No 04 units corn-

pleted

17

0

0

0

0

0

0

95

230

Ex. pendl-

ture con-

struct

18

0

0

0

0

0

0

3 2 36

411 24

There are 24 schemes under cash loan category schemes. Some

of the schemes are not continued after 1996. Numbers 1-11 schemes in

the table have made substantial progress under the present Government.

Its achrevements are remarkable over the years ie. from 1996 to 2000.

Among all, the most outstanding scheme is EWSlMaithri Housing Scheme

which was introduced in 1996. The total number of units completed upto

1999-2000 is 147344. In the year 1996-97, the number of units in this

scheme was only 19261; it increased to 30487 in 1997-98 and 42935 in

1998-1999 and 44708 in the year 1999-2000. The total expenditure

incurred for Maithri Housing Scheme alone is Rs. 42899.84 lakhs ie. 64%

of the total expenditure ie. Rs. 67318.25.

5.3.4. Maithri House Building Scheme:

Maithri is the major economically weaker section housing scheme

introduced in 1996, by renaming the EWS cash loan scheme of Rajiv one

Million housing scheme. During 1997-98 and 1998-99 the Board disbursed

a subs~dy of Rs. 118.84 crores till the end of October 1998 for the

construction of 54838 houses. Since starting of Maithri, 81 536 houses were

assr~tedlconstructed.'~

Under this scheme it is proposed to construct 1,00,000 houses per

annum A person whose monthly income does not exceed Rs.18001- and

owns land quotable for constructing a house is eligible for getting a loan

assistance for constructing a house costing Rs.30,OOOl-. Out of Rs. 30,0001-,

Rs. 19,0001- is loan, Rs.9,000/- Government subsidy, Rs. 1,0001- voluntary

organisat~ons contribution and Rs. 1,0001- beneficiary's own contributions.

10 Kerala Econom~c Review, 1998, p.156-157.

The loan amount will have to be repaid in 168 instalments with

interest of 13.5%. Those who repay the instalments in time will get's

Government subsidy of Rs. 8.5% in the interest. During 1996-97 to 12/99

the Board disbursed loan assistance aggregating Rs. 42899.643 lakhs

for the construction of 173025 units out of which 137391 units were

completed. ' '

Maithri Housing Scheme is a unique attempt of the Government of

Kerala to solve the acute housing shortage in the state especially of the

houseless poor in rural and urban areas. One lakh houses per year is the

main objective of this scheme. The Government of Kerala have appointed

KSHB as the Nodal Agency to implement this scheme throughout the state.

Th~s is a great and extensive people's movement in the housing

sector in Kerala. The present Government focuses its attention on shelter

for all by 2002. Government realises that India is the land of villages and

the basic necessities should be made available at the grass root level. To

achieve the goal of providing shelter for all by 2002 A.D, the Government

of Kerala and KSHB together reachout to the economically weaker section

through village local bodies. To select the real eligible beneficiaries the

Government has requested the help of Panchayats and Municipalities,

voluntary agencies, religious and charitable organisations. KSHB has

received remarkable support and Co-operation from the local units. Many

voluntary agencies have come forward to sponsor the deserving families.

Accordingly, 525 Panchayats sponsored 36500 families till 4/99.''

11 KSHB activities an overview 1999, KSHB Office, Santhi Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram

12 KSHB Brochure - 'Mathri Bhavan Nirman Padhathi"0ffice of the Housing Commissioner, Thiruvananthapuram.

5.4. Major Policy Decisions: (1992-1995)

KSHB has evolved several result oriented schemes in order to tackle

the houslng shortage in Kerala. KSHB pays greater attention to building

houses for the weaker sections of the society by giving interest subsidies

and by ralslng the rate of reservation in allotment under public housing

schemes in the case of SCIST. The functioning of KSHB is technically

updated The major policy decision taken during 1992-1995 are given

below

Introduced direct purchase of land through negotiation with the land

owners Instead of requisition under Land Acquisition Act. This has paved

the way to save exhorbitant compensation paid as well as saves time for

getting land value accounts finalised at the earliest.

Exemptions of stamp duty was approved while land is purchased

directly by the Board.

Exemptions of stamp duty was approved while realising the

mortgage deeds executed by the loanee.

5.4.4. Number of instalments of loan disbursements to beneficiaries was

reduced from 4 to 3.

5.4.5. Reservation in allotment under the public housing schemes in the

case of SClST was raised from 7% to 10% and for the working journalist

the resewat~on in allotment was made to the extent of 2%.

Steps were taken to computerise the Boards' accounts and other

allied matters through E.D.P system.

5.4.7. Boards' activities were decentralised by opening more divisional

offices at district level and branch offices at Taluk level.

5.4.8. Special cell was constituted to finalise the scheme accounts and

realis~ng the sale deed.

5.4.9. A special recovery cell was constituted and action taken to improve

the collection of dues.

5.4.10. 5% interest subsidy for the beneficiaries belonging to economically

weaker sections allowed.

5.4.11. The loan sanctions and disbursements system under various

schemes have been streamlined.

5.4.12. Effective steps were taken to implement the Apartment Ownership

Act

5.4.13. Loan amount under various schemes were increased twice during

the years 1992-1 995.

5.4.14. Action taken to form Housing Finance Company.

5.4.15. Implemented the pay revision at par with central parity for the

employees and allowed secretariat scale of pay.

The target of KSHB during the years 1992-95 were ( I )To formulate

and implement housing schemes most economically, and considering the

housing needs of all sections of the society in a time bound manner. (2) To

implement schemes in all the major registration centres (3) To improve the

facilities in the existing housing colonies and to redress the grievances of

the allot tee^.'^

- -

13 KSHB Souvenrr, Silver Jubilee 1995-96, report of the adivities.

5.5. SOURCES OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES

DURING THE YEARS 1992-95:

The main source of the finance of the Board for implementing various

housing schemes are Government of Kerala, HUDCO, HDFC, LIC, GIC,

Banks etc. The major financing agency is HUDCO which has been

extending strong financial support to the Housing Board during the last 25

years. 95% of the schemes of the Board was financed by HUDCO.

The Board achieved high performance level during the period1 992-95.

Profit as per annual accounts is given in table 5.5.1.

Table 5.5.1

Financial Performance of KSHB 1992-1995

Source KSHB - Silver Jubilee Souvenir - 1995 - 1996

Year

1992 - 1993

1993 - 1994

1994 - 1995

The Board achieved 6th position in profitability among the 101 public

sector undertakings in the state and stands fourth among those in Capital

investments. The Board could mobilise Rs. 200 crores for the various

schemes during the years 1992-95. The Board is prompt in repayment of

loans and has no overdues to any institutions.

Profits (Rs. in crores)

4.01

5.56

6.2

1-he Board could computerise its major activities. The recovery of

dues from allottees and loanees improved substantially during the year

1992-'95 and Rs. 16 crores was collected as arrears alone. The percentage

collect~on of dues also showed a steep increase during the year 1992-95

due to the best efforts taken by the Board in recovery of dues.

Table 5.5.2 Table 5.5.3

Resource mobilisation from financial institutions and

Government

(Rs in crores)

1991 -1992

1992 - 1993 43.95

1993 - 1994 53.46

1994 - 1995

Repayment to financial institutions

Source: KSHB - Silver Jubilee Souvenir - 1995 - 1996

Year

1991 -1992

1992 - 1993

1993 - 1994

1994 - 1995

Table 5.5.2 shows the resource mobilisation from financial

institutions and Government. The year 1994-95 marks tremendous

increase in resource mobilisation. But on the other hand, the repayment

during this year is only Rs. 47.12 crores. The resource mobilisation

increases from 53.46 crores in 1993-94 to 95.07 crores in 1994-95.

(Rs. in crores)

34.80

40.08

49.30

47.12 -

Major activities of the Board during these years are.

5.5.1. Construction of houses I flats and allotment to registrants under

public housing schemes.

5.5.2. Development of house sites and allotment to registrants under the

sites and development schemes.

5.5.3. Loan assistance to all categories of society for construction of

houses.

5.5.4. Construction of office cum commercial complexes

5.5.5. Implementation of Government sponsored schemes.

5.5.6. Consultancy services.14

5.6 RAJIV ONE MILLION HOUSING SCHEME (ROMHS):

The Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme, an ambitious housing

programme launched on 17th September, 1991 by Government of Kerala,

aims to achieve a target of One Million houses over a span of 5 years as

part of Government's accepted goal of achieving "Housing for all by 2000

A.D. Kerala State Housing Board, being the premier housing agency of

the state and forerunner in providing the housing requirements of the state

was nom~nated as the Nodal agency for the implementation of ROMHS.

The scheme implemented by all the housing agencies in the state during

these five years (1 991 -1 995) come under the Rajiv One Million Housing

Scheme l 5

In th~s scheme prime importance is given to rehabilitate the weakest

landless sections living on the pavements, near the gutters, on Government

land, (puramboke) and to provide houses to other weaker sections in their

own land Apart from creating necessary housing facilities for the people,

home upgradation and improvement of sanitation are also envisaged under

14 KSHB Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1995-96.

15 KSHB Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1995-96 Inauguration of ROMHS by Sonia Gandhi,

this programme. To benefit people of different walks of life twelve projects

are formulated under the Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme.

The various schemes proposed to be implemented under the Rajiv

One Million Housing Scheme are given below.

Table 5.6.1

Schemes of ROMHS

Schemes Houses to be I constructed

I I in a year

Housing scheme for EWS in the rural areas

Housing scheme for EWS in the urban areas 1 50,000

I Housing scheme for low income group I 30,000 Housing scheme for middle income group I

I Houslng scheme for high income group 1 61900 Publlc housing scheme of Kerala State Housing Board 1 1,150

Housing scheme for working journalist

I Houslng scheme for Gazetted officers 1 300

I Houslng scheme for Non-resident indians 1 400

I Rental housing scheme for government employees 1 1,200

San~tation improvement scheme 50,000

TOTAL I- 4,00,000

Home upgradation scheme (one lakh houses and others)

Source : A booklet on ROMHS, Kemla State Housing Board, Santhi nagar,

Thiruvananthapurm - 1991.

1,50,000

5.6.1. Salient features :

Houstng scheme for economically backward weaker section in rural

and urban areas.

5.6.1.1. Housing Complex:

Housing Complex, Comprising 50 houses is being built in selected

200 Panchayats each year. The weakest of the weaker sections settled in

Road, thodu, Purambokes will be the beneficiaries of the scheme. Every

year 10,000 houses were proposed to be constructed.

If the land selected for the implementation of this scheme is owned

by Government, District Collectors will inform its details to the secretary, to

the Housing Department. Even otherwise, if the land is owned by private

individuals, the secretary, Kerala State Housing Board will formulate the

scheme following the instructions from the Government of Kerala. Even

though the responsibility of the construction of housing complexes rests

on Kerala State Housing Board, it can handover it to Nirmiti Kendras, and

those voluntary organisations utiliSing their services in implementing

hous~ng schemes. The Kerala State Housing Board will invite applications

to find out voluntary organisations prepared to lend financial assistance

for th~s scheme

Voluntary organisations shall bear the expenditure of the housing

complex fully or partially. In such cases a committee consisting of two

representatives from the concerned voluntary organisations, Convenor of

grama sabha, (village officer), president of concerned panchayat, and the

representative of Kerala state Housing Board will shoulder the full

responsibility of construction. The same committee has the power to select

the beneficiaries of the scheme. To get the benefit of the scheme the

beneficiaries should have to submit applications to the Kerala State Housing

Board in the prescribed form. If a voluntary organisation is prepared to

adopt a housing complex fully, the right to select beneficiaries will be

bestowed with that organisation.

If the beneficiaries bear the full share of Rs. 2,5001- and more than

50 appl~cants are there in one centre, the grama sabha will select the

beneficiaries following the criteria. KSHB will determine the beneficiaries

in the mlni housing complexes where the applicants are below 50. Nirmiti

subcentres will not be attached with such Mini Housing Complexes.

Ten thousand houses were proposed to be constructed under this

scheme with a total cost of Rs. 22.50 crores, of this 20 crores will be loan

from HUDCO; Rs. 1.5 crores will be met by subsidy and the balance amount

of Rupees one crore is the share either from the beneficiaries or from the

voluntary organisations.

Houslng Complexes will have the facilities such as electricity,

drlnk~ng water, nurseryschool, garden and play ground. A production centre

of N~rmltl w~ l l be attached with each and every housing complex. This

scheme rehabilitates the landless poor by providing land, shelter and job

and thus fulfils the gram swaraj concept of Mahatmaji. The following table

gives the details of the housing complexes.

Table 5.6.2

Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received from the government

Housing Complexes -

Si. no^

1

Source : Booklet - ROMHS, KSHB Santhinagar; Thiruvananthapuram - 7991.

SI. No.

1

2

Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repayment instalments will be decided as perthe stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repayment of loan with interest may

Item

Land

be begun from the next month of the completion of thebuilding or the next month of the disbursement of the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.

1 2 1 Buddrng 1 245 sq fi

Beneficiary's share

Rs. 1000

5.6.1.2. Housing Scheme for Weaker Sections:

Area

Maximum 3 cents

The scheme proposes to construct houses for weaker sections of

the society having a piece of land of their own, but living in uninhabitable

settlements. The scheme is beneficial to those with atleast two cents of

land owned by them and have a monthly income of Rs. 1250 and below.

Source ; Booklet - ROMHS, KSHB Santhinagar; Thiruvananthapuram - 1991.

Table 5.6.3

-

Share of voluntary

organisation

Rs. 1500

Rs. 2500

Maximum purchasing price of the

land

Rs. 1500 per cent

RS.15000 Rs. 12500

Total subsidy

Rs. 2500

Rs. 2500

Value of developed Plot obtain-

able to beneficiary after the

completion of the scheme

RS. 7500

Subsidy adjustments

Rs. 1500 will be deducted from the beneficiary's loan

Rs.1500 will be returned to the voluntary organisation as per the beneficiary's request

Rs.2500

Cost Of loan amount

252 monthly instalments

Initial amount to be invested

by the beneficiary himself or With the help of

voluntary organisa-

tion

received

Repayment period

(including interest)

Remarks

Subsidy Rs.1500 will be

Table 5.6.4

Housing Scheme for weaker sections

Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn - 1991.

SI. No.

1

Table 5.6.5

Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received from the government

Item

Land

Rs. 2500

Rs. 2500

Area

hrmhe G-- mn( k

Rs.15000 Rs. 12500

Share of voluntary

organisation

Rs. 1500 will be deducted from the beneficiary's loan

Rs.1500 will be returned to the voluntary organisation as per the beneficialy's

Maximum purchasing price of the

land

RS.2500

Total subsidy

Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn - 1991.

Beneficiaries should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability

252 monthly instalments

Subsidy adjustments

Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repayment instalments will be decided as perthe stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repayment of loan with interest may be begun from the next month of the completion of the building or the nefi month of the disbursement of the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.

Value of developed plot obtain- able to the beneficiary after the

completion of the scheme

subsii RS.IW f a each houbawill be received

Voluntary organisations prepared to contribute Rs. 2500 for each

house will accept applications for beneficiaries and transfer them to village

of losn

officers. Voluntary organisations should hand over their share of Rs. 2500

to KSHB. The Board will later distribute this amount to the beneficiaries

lnltial amount to be ilvestad

by the Deneficia himself 2 with the help of

voluntary organisa-

tion

Repayment Period

(including interest)

Ramarks

along with loan instalments. However, the voluntary organisations can render

this subsldy directly to the beneficiaries with the concurrence of the KSHB.

The Board will grant cash loan in such cases also. The prescribed

application forms of this schemes can be had from all village offices. The

scheme ~ntends to construct 90,000 houses in a year in all districts at a

total cost of Rs. 135 crores. Total amount of loan will be Rs. 112.50 crores

and Rs. 13.50 crores and Rs. 9 crores will be the subsidy and the share of

beneficiaries or voluntary organisations respectively.

5.5.1.3. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Low Income Group:

The scheme assists persons having a monthly income over Rs. 1250

and a maxlmum of Rs. 2650 for construction of houses in the land owned

by them

Table 5.6.6

Cash Loan Housing Scheme for LIG

Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Jhiruvananthapuram, 1991

Kerala State Housing Board development authorities, local bodies,

commercial banks, Agricultural Development Bank and Housing Financial

Institutions are the agencies for selecting the beneficiaries and for

implementing the scheme. The scheme has the provision of loan assistance

of Rs. 90 crores for the constructions of 30,000 houses in a year.

NO.

I

2

nm

Land

Building

Benefici- ary.s share

Area

Minimum 3 cents

267 sqft

Subsidy cost Loan

amount

Beneficiary should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability

Total amount

Rs 40000

Repayment period

including interest

Rs.10000

Remarks

Rs.30000 Rs.40000 Nil 168 month

5.6.1.4. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Middle Income Group:

The scheme benefits those having a monthly income of over

Rs 2650 and up to Rs. 4450 and gets loan assistance for construction of

houses in thew own land. The scheme provides loan assistance of Rs. 600

crores for constructrng 60,000 houses in a year. KSHB, Development

authorit~es, local bod~es, Co-operative Banks, Agricultural Development

Banks, HDFC, Ind Bank, Canfin Homes, LIC, GIC etc. are the implementing

agencles Table 5.6.7

Cash Loan Scheme for Middle Income Group

Source : ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.

Table 5.6.8

Cash Loan Scheme for High Income Group

'I. No.

i

2

Source : ROMHS. KSHB. Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.

No.

I

2

The scheme envisages provision of loan assistance to persons with

a monthly income of over Rs. 4450 for house construction in the plot owned

by them

Item

Land

Building

nrea

Minlrnum cents

680 sqft

Cost

ltem

Land

Building

Loan amount

~ r e a

Mlnimum cents

1585 Sq ft

Beneficiary Should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability

Subsidy

Rs 135000

Loan amount

Beneficiary's share

Rs.lOOOOO

Subsidy

Beneficiary should possess his own land with basic facilities and without any liability

Repayment period (including

interest)

Nil

Beneficiary's share

- Remarks

- Rs.3.35 lakhs

Rs.35000

Repayment period (including

interest)

Rs.1.35 lakhs

168 monthly instalments

Remarks

Rs.200000 168 monthly instalrnents

Nil

The scheme is intended to provide loan of Rs. 138 crores to 6,900

persons in a year for building houses. The implementing agencies are the

same as mentioned underthe cash loan housing scheme for middle income

group

5.6.1.5. Public Housing Scheme:

Under this scheme KSHB acquires Ian d, develops it, constructs

houses and flats and allots them to the general public belonging to various

income groups. The target is to implement one project to construct 100

houses in each and every town and city in the state. Atotal of 1150 houses

and flats are aimed to build with a total cost of Rs. 38.50 crores. Such

houses will be allotted purely on the basis of seniority, to the persons

registered under the Registration scheme of the Board. The allottee should

rem~t a prescribed amount as initial deposit and the balance amount is to

be paid in 168 instalments.

5.6.1.6. Housing Scheme for Working Journalists:

llnder the scheme specially meant for the working journalists KSHB

acquires land, develops it, divides into different sizes and then allots them

to the beneficiaries either with houses or plots alone. The scheme aims to

construct fifty houses in a year, altogether 250 houses in a five year period.

The total amount of loan to be raised from the financial institutions and the

benefic~ar~es' share along with the subsidy enhanced from Rs.20,000 to

25,000 will be utilised for the implementation of the scheme.

Loan assistance varying from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 2 lakhs may be

granted according to eligibility; income limit will be considered for the

construction of houses in their own plots. Total cost for the project for the

construction of 50 houses in a year is estimated at Rs. 1.70 crores. District

level wmm~ttee consisting of the representatives of the working journalists

and district collector as Chairman will select the beneficiaries. While

granting loans preference will be given to the working journalists who

applied for the loan schemes of KSHB. The final shape of the scheme will

be prepared considering the availability of land after consultation with the

representatives of working journalists.

5.6.1.7. Housing Scheme for Gazetted Officers:

The scheme intends to construct 300 houses in a year - 100 units

each in Thiruvanathapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode to the gazetted officers

of the state. The cost of each including plot is estimated to be 3.35 lakhs.

An amount of Rs. 2 lakhs will be the loan assistance from the financial

institutions The total project cost for constructing 300 houses is Rs. 10.05

crores

5.6.1.8. Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:

A large number of Keralites working in foreign countries are not in

a position to own a house. Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme formulates

housing scheme for this section also. It is proposed to construct houses

as per the plan submitted by the beneficiaries on the land specially acquired

for them. The scheme envisages special housing colonies for Keralites

working abroad in each centre. The cost of each house with modern

facilities including the cost of developed land is estimated to be

Rs. 7 lakhs. Of the total cost 60% will be the loan assistance and the balance

of 40% is the beneficiaries share. Under the scheme KSHB will construct

400 houses in a year and the target is 2000 houses within a period of 5

years Loan assistance is to be raised from financial institutions such as

Ind Bank, National Housing Bank and HDFC. The scheme will be formulated

according to the conditions laid down by these financial institutions.

The Keralites residing abroad are experiencing various practical

difficult~es in constructing a house of their own. Persons living abroad and

whose construction progressing in the homeland not only results in heavy

financial losses but also ends with a house not at all suitable to his image.

Taking thls into consideration, KSHB proposes to implement a scheme for

providing technical assistance and giving supervision for the construction

work.

5.6.1.9. Rental Housing Scheme for Government Employees:

Housing for Government employees is also a life issue. For easing

the accommodation problem of the Government employees, it is proposed

to construct each rental housing unit in all Taluk headquarters. Each unit is

estimated to cost Rs. 2 lakhs. A loan assistance of Rs. 1.15 lakhs can be

raised from HUDCO and the balance of Rs. 85,000 can be the Government

share. All the available puramboke land will be utilised forthe same.

Total cost of the scheme is estimated to be Rs. 24 crores for the

construction of 1200 quarters in a year. Ten percent from the total cost will

be utilised for implementing Bachelorslworking women's rental housing

scheme.

5.6.1 .lo. Home upgradation scheme: (including one lakh houses)

Upgradation of existing houses is also an important factor along

with the construction of new houses. A novel scheme is formulated for the

upgradation of houses built over the one lakh housing scheme in the state.

It is proposed to spend a maximum amount of Rs. 4000for each unit. The

scheme is completely free from repayment. The estimate for the home

upgradation is to be prepared through the local bodies and the

maintenance not exceeding Rs. 4000 will be done. Rs. 3000 will be the

contribut~on from the local bodies from their share through sales of lndira

Vikas Patra. Government subsidy is Rs. 10001-. The implementing agency

of the scheme is the local body. Voluntary organisation capable of

mobilising the required fund can also takeover the scheme with the

concurrence of the local bodies.

The benefiricaries entitled for their home upgradation should apply

in white paper with details of the work. One copy of the application should

be submitted to the Panchayat Executive Officer and the other copy to the

village officer. The village officer will forward his copy to the KSHB. Then

the application should be sent to the Assistant Engineer in the block office.

The Assistant Engineer will Consolidate applications and prepare the

estimate. The Panchayat Executive Officer will execute work by utilising

its share received from the sales of lndira Vikas Patra. For this purpose

an Implementation Committee will be formed with the Mayor or Municipal

Chairman or Panchayat President as Chairman.

A maximum amount of Rs. 4000 as financial assistance will be given

for the renovation of houses to persons having a monthly income below

Rs. 10501- The beneficiaries are granted a loan assistance of Rs. 3000

and a Government subsidy of Rs. 1000. Kerala State Urban Development

Corporation is implementing this scheme through municipalities and

corporations. The total cost of the project is estimated to be Rs. 37.36

crores for the renovation of 90,000 houses in a year.

Under the special scheme formulated by the KSHB low income

group people can repair their houses at an estimated cost of Rs.20,000.

Loan assistance of Rs. 17000, will be granted. The balance amount has to

be made up by the beneficiaries as their own share. It is proposed to

include 20,000 houses under this scheme in a year with a total cost

amounting to Rs. 40 crores. Eligible persons can apply to the KSHB for

availing themselves of the benefit of the scheme.

5.6.1.11 . Sanitation lmprovement Scheme:

A large number of the families coming under the economically

weaker sections are at present living in the most unhygeinic condition

without hav~ng sanitary facilities attached to their houses. Sanitation

Improvement Scheme is formulated to eradicate such poor conditions.

Under this scheme it is proposed to provide sanitary latrine with bathroom

facility estimated to cost Rs.2500. The scheme envisages a central

Government subsidy of Rs.625 under the Nehru Rozgar Yojana Scheme

and Rs. 1,875 being the contribution from the voluntary agencies and the

local bodies from the proceeds of lndira Vikas Patra. The families

deserving to be the beneficiaries of this scheme should submit their

application to the local bodies.16

ROMHS is a comprehensive housing scheme which envisages to

bring all the Income groups under its purview. However, the emphasis will

be on prov~ding financial assistance to weaker sections of society with a

view to enabling them to become owners of their own houses.

- -

16 KSHB Brochure - ROMHS salient features pp. 1-16

All the other programmes intended for various income groups will

be implemented with the help of institutional finance and therefore no plan

provision 1s made for those programmes. It is estimated that all these

programmes in this massive housing scheme taken together will be able

to raise institutional finance of the order of Rs. 1000 crores during one

year l 7

The following table gives the progress and achievements of Rajiv

One Millton Housing Scheme from its inception till 3/96.

Table 5.6.9

Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme Progress achieved as on 3196

17 Kerala Draft Eighth Five yarplan 1992-97 and annual plan 1992-93 Volume I State Planning Board p. 151, Thiwvananthapuram.

Name of agency

I Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority

I Kottayam Development Authority

Greater Cochin Development Authority

I Kollam Development Authority

I Kozhikode Development Authority

I Palakkad Development Authority

I Alappuzha Development Authority

Kasargode Development Authority

Kannur Development Authority

Thrissur Development Authority

Kerala State Development Corporation SCIST

I SC Development Department

1 ST Development Department

I PWD (B 8 LW)

Rural Development Department

Matsyafed

Sain~k Welfare

K U D F C

Upgradation of the OLDHS Repair Sanitary facilities

CATEGORY : B

Police Housing Co-operative Society

Source : Government of Kerala, Report of the Task force on housing, 1999

From the table the researcher learns that among all the categories

of the beneficiaries of Rajiv One Million Housing Schemes, EWS stands

as the largest group of beneficiary. The total number of houses wnstructed

under this scheme is 4,11,325. Out of which, EWS alone wmes to 3,06,055.

This amount is 75% of the total number of houses wnstructed. Again the

Lower Income Category gets 17,279 houses constructed. So EWS and

LIG together constitute 3,23,334 houses. It again shows that 80% of the

274

total number of houses constructed, goes to the poorer sections of the

society in Kerala. ROMHS has given a spurt in the housing scenario in

the state and has enabled to reduce considerably the housing shortage of

the landless poor in both urban and rural areas.'%

5.7. ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES:

The part being played by the Government and its agencies is

inadequate. Popular participation and the services of voluntary

organisations, Co-operative institutions, social, cultural and religious

organ~sations etc. are the inevitable factors for the successful

implementation of Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme and Maithri Housing

Scheme. A number of such organisations have already come forward and

promised financial help and co-operation to implement the schemes. Hence

i t is found necessary to clarify the role of voluntary agencies in this field.

The involvement of voluntary organisations is as follows:

To provide two or two and a half acres of land, free of cost at the

disposal of Kerala Sate Housing Board for the construction of housing

complexes

5.7.2. The scheme envisages loan assistance of Rs. 12,500 Government

subsidy of Rs. 1,500, beneficiary's share of Rs. 1000 for the construction

of a house costing Rs. 15,000. In Maithri housing scheme, the total cost of

the house is Rs. 30,0001- Rs. 19,0001- as loan Rs. 90001- as Government

subsidy, Rs.1000/- as the contribution of the voluntary agencies and

Rs. 10001- as beneficiary's own contribution. Voluntary organisations can

utilise thew service in various ways in this field.

- -

18 Govemment of Kerala. 9th Five Year Plan 1997-2002. Report of the Task Force on Housing,

5.7.2.1. k contributes Rs. 1,500 in those cases where beneficiaries are prepared

to remit their shares:

5.7.2.2. - contributes Rs. 2,500 including the beneficiary's share in those cases

where beneficiaries are incapable of remitting their shares;

5.7.3. - takes the repayment responsibility of loan assistance either fully or

partially. Monthly or yearly instalments conditioned by the financial

institutions can be remitted for the beneficiaries;

5.7.4. - takes over the construction work under the scheme:

5.7.5. - adopts housing complexes being constructed in panchayats and also

adopts any number of houses meant for the weaker sections;

5.7.6. Voluntary agencies and individuals are allowed to designate the adopted

housing complexes being established in panchayats in order to rehabilitate

the landless and the homeless poor.

5.7.7. Voluntary organisations can utilise their services in implementing the Home

upgradation scheme of one lakh houses along with local bodies by

contributing an amount of Rs. 40001-.

5.7.8. The voluntary organisations can adopt fully the upgradation work of one

lakh housrng colonies and houses of weaker sections.

5.7.9. Individuals also can take overthese activities

5.7.10. Individuals can contribute the beneficiary's share of Rs.1,875/- fully or

partically out of the total cost of Rs. 2,500 estimatedfor the execution of

sanitation improvement pr~gramme.'~

19 KSHB Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme Brochure Booklet pp. 20-23.

The tradition of a village community, the tendency to identify with

the people of a village on their own and to think of the common good of a

village has been strong in India. But this has been maned to a large extent

by economic inequality and social discrimination. When voluntary

organisations start working for social change and the upliftment of the poor

by enabling them to meet the basic necessities of life, the whole village

community will be strengthened and awakened. Houses for all will help

them to realise their dream of owning a house and to recognise self worth

and dignity as the members of the same village community. In the present

century the role of voluntary agencies are inevitable. The schemes are

divided by the Government, but it reaches the common man through the

voluntary agencies.20

5.8. NEW STRUCTURE FOR THE STATE HOUSING BOARDS:

The urban affairs ministry and HUDCO have initiated a joint exercise

to formulate a new structure for the State Housing Boards. The new structure

would enable them to operate like companies, without at the same time

sacrific~ng the various benefits they presently enjoyed as statutory state

agencles

The new initiative follows a conference of state housing secretaries,

and houslng commissioners held by the urban affairs Ministry and HUDCO.

The conference was organised to deliberate on the report of a

comprehensive study on restructuring of housing agencies commissioned

by the HUDCO through Times Research Foundation Calcutta, on behalf of

the m~nrstry.

20 'FRONTIER7- A weekly publication - Calcutta - Bharat Dogra Jan. 31, Feb. 5 , 1999. DISHA- 'Breaking Discrimination."

The participants from the states had conceded that the legislations

that were presently governing the Housing Boards have outlived their

purpose and agreed that the enactments which were formulated way back

In 1960s required to undergo a total reorientation or even rewritten a fresh,

particularly slnce the role of the Board was now more of a facilitator than a

prov~der

They also acknowledged that the present statutory format suffered

from several serious limitations such as lack of adequate powers to raise

resources and provisions to enable forging of partnership with private, Co-

operatlve and community sectors, besides a general lack of functional

autonomy

But at the same time, they felt, that the Corporatisation of the housing

boards, as suggested by the study may not provide a complete answer.

Though it would address these problems, the Company format, they felt

would deprive the housing boards of the various benefits they enjoyed now,

particularly in respect of powers for land acquisition, land assembly and

for enabllng recoveries and encroachment control.

The conference therefore concluded that there was a need to dovetail

the best of provisions of a company format, with those available under the

present state statutory format, so that the Housing Boards were able to

effectively address the emerging requirements of faster housing delivery

and Increased reliance on the market for mobilising financial resources.

7Bk1ng congnisance of the views of the conference, the Ministry and

HUDCO have decided to try and work out a hybrid format, and has entrusted

this exercise also to the Times Research Fo~ndation.~'

21 Shelter Vol 2 April 1999. "Dream Home ataffordable cost. p.13. Hindu daily 14.3.1999.

5.9. NEW TRENDS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF KSHB:

The Housing Board depends mainly on institutional finance for

implementing their housing programmes. At the same time the Board

requires seed capital to serve as a buffer finance to make good the shortfalls

in institutional finance raised by the Board for its various housing

programmes. This seed capital is provided in the form of public borrowing."

Loans from HUDCO is the major source of finance for KSHB. But

HUDGO loans are not available to all the housing schemes of the Board

because of certain rigid norms followed by them. For meeting such

requirements Housing Board has to get finance from other agencies."

Kerala State Housing Board is the major organisation implementing

a number of housing programmes which cater to the requirements of

various lncome groups. The two important schemes being implemented

by the Board during 1989-90 are the public Housing scheme and the Cash

Loan scheme. During 1989-90,172 buildings under public Housing scheme

and 78flats under Rental Housing Scheme were constructed by the Housing

Board. Under Low lncome Group Housing, Cash Loans of a maximum

amount of Rs. 20,000 are given to people whose monthly income is between

Rs 701 -1 500 at an interest rate of 9%. For Middle lncome Group housing,

the maximum loan amount is Rs. 60,000 at the rate of interest 12.5%. During

1989-90, 1609 loans under LIG and 287 loans under MIG schemes are

given. The Housing Board also received Rs. 2983 crores from HUDCO for

meeting the loan component of the various Housing schemes implemented

by the Board including Rehabilitation Housing scheme.z4

22 Draft Sixth five yearplan 1980-85 and annual plan 1981-82 Vol. I Kerala State Planning Board, Thi~vananthapurarn, p. 180.

23 Government of Kerala annual plan proposals. 1988-89, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapurarn, p.209.

24 G o m m e M ofKerala, Eamnnic Review 1990, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapurarn p. 129.

Durlng the year 1992-93, the Board had constructed 822 houses

under publ~c Housing scheme and extended loan assistance to 1986

houses under cash loan scheme. Out of this 997 loans and 129 loans

respectively were distributed to low Income Groups and Economically

weaker sections. Further 60 houses for Beedi workers and 19 houses for

handloom workers were constructed. Besides, 5693 houses were

constructed under Kairali Housing Scheme through the District Collectors.

The Board raised Rs.39.78 crores from various financial institutions for

the implementation of the housing schemes.25

As on 31.3.1994, the Housing Board has constructedlextended

assistance for the construction of about 2.85 lakh houses under various

schemes. During April to October 1994, the Board has extended

ass~stancelconstructed 13831 houseslflats. Public Housing Scheme and

cash loan scheme are the major ones implemented by the Housing Board.

During 1993-94, 188 houses and from April to October 1994,180 houses

were constructed under the Public Housing Scheme. During 1993-94, Cash

Loan was extended to 4628 persons, and out of which 2830 were for

econom~cally weaker sections and 937 were for low income groups.

Besides loan facilities were extended to 2997 persons from April to October

1994. Out of which 1907 loans for economically weaker sections and 660

loans were for low income groups. Under the scheme Housing Complexes

in Panchayats assistance was extended for the construction of 996 houses

durlng 1993-94 and for 726 houses from April to October 1994. Further

8879 houses were also constructed under Kairali Housing Scheme during

this period. Construction of houses for the flood victims are in progress

and it is expected to complete 1293 units by 3196.

Dur~ng the period 1990-91 to 1993-94, the KSHB has raised about

Rs. 184 crores. The Kerala State Co-operative Federation raised more

25 G o m n t o f K B l i l l a , EwmmicRevRw, 1993. StatePlanning Board, Thi~vanaIIthapltZJm, p. 132.

than Rs 177 crores till March 1994 from the very inception of the Federation.

Dur~ng 1993-94, the Kerala State Housing Board and Kerala State Co-

operatwe Housing Federation together have raised more than Rs. 56

crores tor housing activities in the State.z6

As on 31.3.1995, the Board has constructedlassisted more than 3

lakh houses. During the period April 1995 to December 1995,6996 house

projects have been supported.z7

1-he Kerala State Housing Board implemented 28 schemes and

assisted the construction of 3.14 lakh houses upto 31.3.1996. During April

1996 to December 1996, 19098 houses were constructed through its

various schemes. During 1995-96 the Board received Rs. 74.23 crores

as loan from HUDCO for implementing the housing

The following table shows the loan disbursement of KSHB from 1995

to 2000 The data are expressed based on the income category.

Table 5.9.1.

Disbursement of loan by KSHB based on Income Rs. in lakhs

Source: Hous~ng Board, Head Office, Santhi Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram

26 Government of Kerala, Economic Review, 1994. State Planning Board, Thi~vananthapuram, p. 186.

1995-1 996

27 Economic Review, 1995, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 156. 28. Kerala Economic Review, 1996. State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram, p. 145

1996-1 997

6637.16

967.08

2168.04

1343.72

EWS

LIG

i MIG I 1 HIG

-

1342.40

678.28

1229.90

649.80

1997-1 998

9662.08

1119.37

3481.52

1851.08

1998-1 999

11 920.85

1400.22

4675.51

1142.80

1999-2000

14679.55

951.30

2865.33

390.90

Figure 5.9.1

Disbursement of loan by KSHB based on Income category

LlG 1

S~nce the data for year 1999-2000 are not complete, the

comparison is made only with other years. There is a cumulative increase

in the disbursement of loan over the yearsfrom 1995 to 1999. EWS loans

disbursed are raised from Rs. 1342.40 lakhs in 1995-96 to RS. 14679

lakhs in 1999 March. The loan amount for LIG is lower comparatively with

the year 1999-2000. MIG loan has increased from Rs. 1229.90 lakhs in

1995-96 to Rs. 4675.51 lakhs in 1998-99. HIG loan amount disbursed was

Rs. 649.80 lakhs in 1995-96 was raised to Rs. 1142.80 lakhs in 1998-99.

As there is increase in housing demand in the state, disbursement of

housing loan from KSHB also increased simultaneously. This shows the

awareness and need for solving the housing problem in the state and also

their awareness of the grave responsibility vested on these financial

institut~ons and act accordingly.

5.10. ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF KSHB FROM 1996-2000:

Considering the achievements of Kerala State Housing Board

especially in the housing activities for the economically weaker sections,

formulation of innovative schemes, financial discipline, profitability and

overall performance, the KSHB was thrice honoured for the award for

excellence by HUDCO during 1992-93,94-95 and 95-96.

The activities of KSHB and its over all performance in the financing

of hous~ng IS given in split up form as on 30.11.1 999.

5.10 ACTIVITIES OF KSHB - 1996-2000 MINISTRY

List of Schemes Completed during 1 Kattappana Site - I lrumpanam Medical College - Phase - I1 Chalakudy Stage - II Palai - HAS - site - I Thodupuzha - HS - Site - I Koovappadi - HAS Kuruva HAS Elamkulam East HAS

Table 5.10.1 Layout Housing Scheme

Name of Scheme I PWB I FLAT 1 PLOT [TOTAL

List of Schemes Completed during 1996 - 9'7

Total

List of Schemes Completed during Medical College HS - Stage -I Ph.lll Vadakara HAS Chevayur HAS Mulamkunnathukavu II (Part - I) Nettayam HAS Guruvayoor HAS Akathethara HAS 46 -

Total 235 12

Kozhencherry (Extn) Elamkulam East (Nevy - 1) Chirackal Thiruvalla Stage - I1 (Kattilpurayidam) Velloor Total

List of Schemes Comp!eted during 1 Chirackal flats Thodupuzha Site I1

Total 15 16

- 60

- - -

60

8 -

19

- 27

Source : Hous~ng Board head office, Santhinagar, 2000

- -

68 33

101

Total un~ts completed

8 60 19 68 33

188

469 118 128 715

Total I I

7264.72 1 229 1 520 1 3 1 752

Source KSHB head office, Thiruvananthapuram

Table 5.10.2

Layout of Schemes in progress

Table 5.10.3 Proposed Public Housing Schemes

Name of Scheme

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DIST. Pattoor (SO NRI) Balaramapuram PATHANAMTHITTA DIST. Pathanamthitta HAS KOTTAYAM DIST. Kanjirappally HAS ERNAKULAM DIST.

Thrikkakara HAS (40 NRI) P e ~ m b a v o o r HAS THRISSUR DIST. Mulamkunnathukavu Stage I1 Pullazhy HAS Stage II PALAKKAD DIST. Ottappalam HAS WYANAD DIST. Meenangadi

Ambalanagar Extn. Jagath (NRI) PATHANAMTHITTA DIST. Cherukole Ranni ALAPPUZHA DIST. S.D. Pharmacy Cherthala Site I - Stage II Cherthala Site I - Stage I1 Valavanad

KOTTAYAM DlST. Erumeli Palai Site I1 Changanasseri - ll Kanjirappalli - I1 Ayarkunnam

Proj. Cost

1393.12 2307

179.74

338.34

1218.64 226.79

472.18 527.24

429.63

172.04

PWB

-

21

33

70 15

67

23

FLAT

148 1 84

44 80

64

PLOl

3

Source KSHB H e a d Office, Sanfhi Nagar; Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000

5 10.4 Rental Housing Scheme:

Table 5.10.4.1

List of completed schemes

Name of Scheme

IDUKKI DIST. Katlappana - site ll Peerurnedu HS Vazhathoppe HS ERNAKULAM DIST. Kaloor Njarackal Choondi Kumaranasan nagar CRC THRISSUR DIST. Chalakudi Asokanagar Ayyanthole Pullut HS PALAKKAD DIST. Puthussery HS KOZHIKODE DlST Medical College Stage II Medical College HS - Stage Ill Chevarambalam CRC East Hill CRC MALAPPURAM DIST Manjen WYNAD DlST Sulthanbatheri CRC Mananthavady

during 1997-98) Total I 42 (FLATS)

Source KSHB Head Office, Sanfhi Nagar; Thiruvananfhaputam.

I Name of Scheme I Total Units

Table 5.10.4.2

PWB

35

12

96

Perumbavoor

List of schemes in progress Rs. in labs Name of Scheme I Total Units I project cos t I

PLOT

- -

FLAT

24 51 30 50

16 6

96

7

42 (Comdeted

I Palakkad RHS 1 78 flats 1 294.38 1

Pro. - . bU31

433.2:

239.67

333.4e

49.22

794.4

Source . Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000

Table 5.10.4.3

List of Schemes to be implemented

Name of Scheme I Total Units I Project Cost

5.10.5 Working Journalist Housing Scheme:

RHS Kuttanalloor RHS Kasargode RHS Poojappura

Total

5.10.5 1 L ~ s t of completed Schemes

NCC Road, Tvm - 54 flats (Completed during 1999-2000)

Source Actrvities of KSHB 1999-2000

78 60

160

298

5.10.6 Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:

436.38 222.73 272.79

931.9

Table 5.10.6.1 Scheme completed exclusively for NRI

50

Source : Activities of KSHB 1999-2000

r Name of Scheme

Mulamkunnathukavu

Table 5.10.6.2

No. of Units

(PWB - Completed during 1998-99)

NRI Schemes in progress

Pattoor Thnkkakara T D Road Total

50 (Flats) 40 (Flats)

12 (Flats) 104 Units

Source Activities of KSHB 1999-20m

5.10.7. Housing Complexes (ROMHS):

Table 5.10.7.1

Details of completed units of ROMHS

Source Act~vrtres of KSHB 1999-2000

Name of Scheme (Panchayath)

ALAPPUZHA DlSTRlCT Chett~kulangara

PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Palltckal

KOTTAYAM DISTRICT Moon~lavu

Neendoor

Kozhuvanal THRISSUR DISTRICT Panacherry

Kondazhy

Puthukad

PALAKKAD DISTRICT Nalleppullll

Muthalamada

Malarcode Keralassery

KOZHIKODE DlSTRlCT Puthuppad~ Vanlmel

KANNUR DISTRICT Naduvll

KASARGODE DlSTRlCT Kodembelur

Total

-

Units completed

20

31

20 5

10

2 15 13

5 5

20 20

12 16

1

10

205 Units

288

Table 5.10.7.2

Details of completed units during 1997-98

PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Pallickal WAYANAD DISTRICT Thariyod KOZHIKODE DISTRICT Peruvayal

Source Act~vities of KSHB 1999-2000

Total

No, of units completed during 1998-1999 Nil No. of units completed during 1999-2000 Nil

~p ~p - ~

45

Table 5.10.7.3

Details of Housing Complexes in Progress

TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT Navalkkulam PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT Pallickal ERNAKULAM DISTRICT Mudakkuzha THRISSUR DISTRICT Puthukkad PALAKKAD DISTRICT Lakkid~perur Karimba Muthalamada KOZHIKODE DISTRICT Thiruvampady Thariyode Peruvayal WAYNAD DISTRICT Meppadi KANNUR DISTRICT Mangattidom

Total

Source - Activities of KSHB 1999-2000

5.10.8. Office cum Commercial Complexes

5.10.8.1. List of completed Commercial Complexes: Thiruvampady, Alappuzha (Completed during 1996-97)

5.10.8.2 Commercial Complexes in progress: Balaramapurarn, Thiruvananthapuram ~ a t t a ~ ~ a n a Thrikkakara

5.10.8.3 Proposed Commercial Complexes: PT Chacko Nagar CRC Marutharnkuzhy Thr~v~kramangalam Pattom Kaloor Kumaranasan Nagar CRC Choond~ Chalakudi Chengala East Hill Ch~rackal Chevarambalam CRC Thottada Nell~code Malapparamba CRC

5 10.9 Revenue Towers :

5.10.9.1 Revenue Towers in Progress:

Nedumangad Adoor Thiruvalla Kothamangalam Ernakulam Changanassery

5.10.1 0 Working Women's Hostel

5.10.10.1 Scheme completed :

Working Women's Hostel, Gandhinagar, Kottayam

5.10.10.2 Scheme in progress :

Working Women's Hostel, Muttom, Thodupuzha

5.10.11 Deposit Works

5.10.11.1 Completed Schemes:

Revenue Institute, PTP Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram (Completed during 1 999-2000)M

The National Housing and Habitat policy 1998, callsfor launching a

Hous~ng Revolution against all impedimentswhich have hindered the growth

of hous~ng stock and to achieve the universal target of Housing for all and

to ensure sustainable development of Housing and Habitat. The policy

through the National Agenda, declares Housing for all as a priority area

and dec~des to focus on the housing needs of citizens in general and that

of the poor and the deprived in particular. This New policy was evolved by

the Government of lndia in August 1994.

Houslng activity has been accepted as an engine for the substantial

generation of employment and revival of Indian economy. It is accepted

that the only way lndia can come out of Industrial recession is to give impetus

to housing activity on a massive scale to be spread over the entire length

and breadth of the country. To achieve this housing policy aims at removing

all legal and administrative impediments which stand in the way.

It re-ernphasises the role of Government as afacilitator. It aims at

creating and enabling environment in which private sector can operate more

effectively and efficiently. It seeks to persuade the private sector through

flscal concessions and other incentives to take up larger responsibility in

the housing sector. However direct involvement of the Government would

cont~nue for the benefit of poor and deprived in order provide shelter for

them 3'

~- ~ ~

30 Activities of KSHB - 1999 - 2000, Monitoring cell KSHB main office Santhi Nagar, Trivandrum 31 Shelter Vol. I No.2, April 1999. "NationalHousingand Habitat Policy, 1998 -Step in the right

direction J.K. Gupta Senior Town Planners, Panjab Urban Planning and Development Authority, SAS Nagar, p. 22-23.