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Bölüm - 2
Bölüm - 2 Plural Rules
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Plural Rule 1
Most words add ‘s’ to make the plural.
one apple two apples
desk → desks month → months
book → books train → trains
pen → pens name → names
shop → shops friend → friends
chair → chairs teacher →teachers
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Try these… pencil →
door →
cake →
banana →
shoe →
window →
road →
flower →
girl →
plant →
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Plural Rule 2 Add ‘es’ to words ending in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘x’ or ‘z’ to make the plural.
one box many boxes
wish → wishes beach → beaches
cross → crosses brush → brushes
bus → buses church → churches
dish → dishes glass → glasses
box → boxes watch → watches
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Try these… watch →
pitch →
wax →
class →
gas →
glass →
dress →
bush →
hutch →
quiz →quizzes
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Plural Rule 3 When the letter before a ‘y’ is a consonant, change the ‘y’ to an ‘i’ before adding an
‘es’.
one baby two babies
city → cities berry → berries
pony → ponies family → families
reply → replies lady → ladies
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Try these… daisy →
ferry →
army →
party →
fly →
diary →
cherry →
belly →
jelly →
filly →
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Plural Rule 4 When words end in ‘ay’, ‘ey’, ‘iy’, ’oy’, and ‘uy’ add an ‘s’ to make the plural
one donkey two donkeys
day → days boy → boys
key → keys delay → delays
play → plays guy → guys
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Try these quay →
valley →
tray →
pulley →
toy →
monkey →
trolley →
buoy →
relay →
holiday →
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Plural Rule 5 When words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ change the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to a ‘ves’.
one knife two knives
leaf → leaves life → lives
half → halves loaf → loaves
wife → wives thief → thieves
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Try these wolf →
elf →
loaf →
self →
calf →
shelf →
Exceptions → cliffs, chiefs, roofs, dwarfs and handkerchiefs.
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Plural Rule 6 When a word ends in an ‘o’ and comes after a consonant, add ‘es’ to make the plural.
one tomato two tomatoes
cargo → cargoes mango → mangoes
echo → echoes hero → heroes
volcano →volcanoes torpedo→ torpedoes
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Try these potato →
avocado →
mosquito →
domino →
buffalo →
dingo →
Exceptions → pianos, banjos, solos, radios and Eskimos.
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Plural Rules 7 Irregulars
one child two children
person →people goose → geese
man → men woman → women
tooth- teeth foot-feet
mouse-mice
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Plural Rule 8 Sometimes a word may stay the same in both its singular and plural form.
one fish many fish
tuna → tuna
deer → deer
sheep →sheep
series →series
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Plural Rule 9Uncountable Nouns Air
Chocolate
Hair
Cheese
Blood
Butter
Jam
salt/sugar
Electricity
Bread
water/tea/coffee
Gold
Ice
Meat
Oil
oxygen
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Exercises Singular tree mouse smile factory half postman toy table boy kiss
Plural
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This-that-these-those this (bu), that (şu), these (bunlar), those (şunlar)
This (singular-tekil) and these (plural-çoğul) nesne veya insanın konuşmacıya yakın olduğunu bildirir.
That (singular-tekil) and those (plural-çoğul) nesne veya insanın konuşmacıya uzak olduğunu bildirir.
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This-that-these-those Examples
This car is very expensive.
This is my umbrella.
This is my friend, John.
What is this?
These houses are very old.
These are tables.
What are these
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This-that-these-those Examples
That woman is very beautiful.
That is my car.
What is that?
Those students are very hardworking.
Those are my books.
What are those?
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Exercises
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Exercises Circle the correct words
This/These band is fantastic.
That/Those singers are awful.
This/These jeans are new.
That/Those CD isn’t very expensive.
This/These album is my father’s.
Don’t open that/those window, please.
Listen to this/these song.
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Exercises
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References Puchta, H . &Stranks, J.(2012). Mind your English. Cambridge University Press.
http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/englishA3.htm
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