X-ray Film Interpretation
Practical Course 407
X-ray Film
• Radiolucent= Black Color -----> Air (lung),
Gases.
• Radiopaque= White Color------> Bone
• Moderate radiodense= Grey Color degrees
soft tissues, organs
X-ray Film
• 1- Animal type.
• 2- Radiographic View (position).
• 3- Radiography type.
• 4- Radiographic region and anatomy.
X-ray Film
1- Animal Identification
Large Animal Small Animal
Equine
Ruminant
• 1- Lateral View.
• 2- Dorsoventeral/ Venterodorsal view.
• 3- Lateromedial/Mediolateral view.
• 4- Craniocaudal/caudocranial view.
• 5- Dorsopalmar/palmarodorsal view.
• 6- Dorsoplantar/ plantarodorsal view.
2- Radiographic View (position).
Limbs
Chest & Abdomen
• 4- Craniocaudal/caudocranial view.
• 5- Dorsopalmar/palmarodorsal view.
• 6- Dorsoplantar/ plantarodorsal view.
2- Radiographic View (position).
Limbs above carpal & tarsal joints
Fore-limbs below carpal joint
Hind limbs below tarsal joint
Anteroposterior view (AP)
X-ray Projections (Views/Positions)
Lateral VD/DV
Abdomen
Lateral View
Ventrodorsal View
Lateral View
Ventrodorsal View
Chest
3- Radiography type.
Plain x-ray Contrast x-ray
Without contrast media With contrast media
3- Radiography type.
Positive Contrast Negative Contrast
Radiopaque= white Radiolucent= Black
Types of Contrast
Double Contrast
Radiopaque Lumen &
Radiolucent edge
Types of Contrast
Positive Contrast
Gastrography
Oesophygeography
Enterography
Pyelography
Cystography
Negative Contrast
Cystography
Double Contrast
Enterography
Cystography
Gastrography
Oesophygeography
4- Region and Anatomy1) Chest & Abdomen ------> Small Animal.
2) Head/skull (Maxilla, Mandible) --->small,
large animals
3) Fore-Limbs (shoulder, elbow, carpal, Metacarpal, Digit) ----->
small, large animals
4) Pelvis ------> Small Animal
5) Hind limbs (stifle, tarsal, Metatarsal, Digit) )-----> small,
large animals
Chest Radiography
Chest Views
VD/DV Lateral
TLung
H
LungLung
Liver
Abdomen Radiogrphy
L= liver.S= stomach.K= Kidney.SI= small intestine.LI= large intestine.Sp= spleen.Bl=urinary bladder
Abdomen
Lateral View
Head/skull
Lateral View
Small animal Large animal
(equine)
Fore-limb
Lateral View AP View
Shoulder region (small)
SS
H H
1 1
T
H= Humerus
S= Scapula
T= Trachea
1= Shoulder joint
Lateral ViewCrCu/AP View
Elbow region (large)
Elbow region (large)
Lateromedial/MedioLateral View
A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = Condyle
AB
C
D
D 1
1= Elbow joint
Elbow regionAP View
A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = Condyle
A
1= Elbow joint
11
B
D
C
D
Elbow region (Small)
A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = Condyle
B
A
CA
Lateral View
Elbow region (Small)
A = Ulna (olecranon)B = Humerus C = Radius D = CondyleF= Intercondyloid foramen
B
A
C
A
F
AP View
Carpal region
Carpal region (Large)
A
C
EDB
A= RadiusB= 3rd metacarpal bone.C= carpal bones.D= 2nd metacarpal bone.E= 4th metacarpal bone.
1
2
3
1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal Jt 3= Carpometacarpal J
DP/AP View
Carpal region (Large)
A
C
E
D
B
A= RadiusB= 3rd metacarpal bone.C= carpal bones.D= Accessory carpal bone.E= 4th metacarpal bone.
C
1
2
3
1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal J 3= Carpometacarpal J
Lateromedial View
Carpal region (Small)
A
C
EEA= Radius
B= Ulna.C= carpal bones.D= Accessory carpal bone.E= metacarpal bones.F= Phalangese
E
12
3
1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal J 3= Carpometacarpal J
E
E
B
FF F
F
AP View
Carpal region (Small)
A
C
E
A= RadiusB= Ulna.C= carpal bones.D= Accessory carpal bone.E= metacarpal bones.
E
1
2
3
1= Radiocarpal J 2= Intercarpal J 3= Carpometacarpal J
D
B
Lateromedial/
Mediolateral
View
Metacarpal/Metatarsal Region (Equine)
Lateromedial/Mediolateral
View
A&B= Small MtCr/MtTr (II & IV)
C= Large MtCr/MtTr (III)
D&E= Proximal sesamoid bones.
2= Fetlock joint
Metacarpal/Metatarsal Region (Equine)
DP/AP View
A&B= Small MtCr/MtTr (II & IV)
C= Large MtCr/MtTr (III)
D&E= Proximal sesamoid bones.
2= Fetlock joint
Digit (Equine)Lateromedial/
Mediolateral
View
A= Metacarpus/metatarsusB= Proximal sesamoid bones. C= 1st Phalanx.D= 2nd Phalanx.E= 3rd Phalanx.F= distal sesamoid (Navicular ) bone.
A B
C
FE
D
1
2
3
1= Fetlock J 2= Pastern J 3= Coffin J
Digit (Equine)Dorsopalmar/
Dorsoplantar
View
A= Metacarpus/metatarsusB= Proximal sesamoid bones. C= 1st Phalanx.D= 2nd Phalanx.E= 3rd Phalanx.F= distal sesamoid (Navicular ) bone.
AB
C
F
E
D
B
1
2
1
1= Fetlock J 2= Pastern J 3= Coffin J
Claw (Ruminant)Dorsopalmar/
Dorsoplantar
View
A= Metacarpus/metatarsusB= 1st Phalanx.C= 2nd Phalanx.E= 3rd Phalanx.
A
B
C
E
B
1
1= Fetlock (Metacarpophalangeal) J
Hind Limbs
Lateral ViewAP View
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Pelvis (small)Ventrodorsal View
A
BC E
DF
G H
1
22
A= IliumB= AcetabulumC= femur head.D= ischium.E= Pubis.F= femur.G= Tibia.H= fibula.
1= hip joint.2= stifle joint
**Pelvic bones=A, B, D &E.
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Pelvis (small)Ventrodorsal View
Stifle Region (Large)
A= Femur
B= Patella (triangular shape).
C= Femur Condyle.
E= Tibia.
A
BD
C
E
F
Lateromedial/Mediolateral View
1
2
1
**Stifle joint:1= Femrotibial j.2-= Femropatellar j.
Stifle Region (Large)
A= Femur.
C= Femur Condyle.
E= Tibia.
F= Fibula (young)
**Stifle joint:
1= Femrotibial j.
1
A
CC
E
F
CrCu/AP View
Stifle Region (Small)A= Femur
B= Patella (ovoid shape).
C= Femur Condyle.
D= Fabillae (two).
E= Tibia.
F= Fibula.
AA
B
B
D
DD
CC
E
E
F
F
Lateromedial/
Mediolateral
View
CrCu/AP View
1
2
21
**Stifle joint:
1= Femrotibial j.
2-= Femropatellar j.
Tarsal Region (Large)
Tarsal Region (Large)A
B
C
D F
1
2
3
4
A= Tibia
B= Tarsal bones.
C= Calcaneus bone.
D= 3rd Metatarsus.
F= Small Metatarsus.**Tarsal joint:
1= Tibiotarsal j.
2-= prox. Intertarsal j.
2-= Dist. Intertarsal j.
4= Tarsometatarsal j.
Lateromedial/
Mediolateral
View
Tarsal Region (Large)
A
B
C
D
F
1
234
A= Tibia
B= Tarsal bones.
C= Calcaneus bone.
D= 3rd Metatarsus.
F= Small Metatarsus.**Tarsal joint:
1= Tibiotarsal j.
2-= prox. Intertarsal j.
2-= Dist. Intertarsal j.
4= Tarsometatarsal j.
Lateromedial/
Mediolateral
View
F
Fetlock region (Equine)
Fetlock/pastern region (Equine)
Elbow (small & Large)
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Small
Animal
Large
Animal
Stifle (small & Large)
Small
Animal
Large
Animal
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Carpal (small & Large)
Small
Animal
Large
Animal
Tarsal (small & Large)
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Small
Animal
Large
Animal
Carpal and Tarsal (small)
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Carpal Tarsal
Digit
Ruminant
Equine
Small
Animal
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