WPP Grid Integration and Technology TrendsWTG level controls and plant level controls are developed to meet country specific grid code requirements. A Wind Power Plant meeting grid code not only support the grid in all operating conditions but secure a strong business case for developers. From 2010 onwards trends have been moving towards bigger rotor size for higher AEP production and modern WTGs like Type 3 and Type 4 along with plant level control to ensure a WPP remain grid code complaint 24x7 at the PCC.
Manoj GuptaSpecialist – WPP Grid Interconnection and analysisVestas Singapore
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3
Evolution of the Wind Turbine Generator
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4 WTG generic model types are as per IEC 61400-27
WTG Technology for Full Grid Code Compliance
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Comparison of Wind Turbine Generator Type
WTG Capability Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4Shunt capacitors required Yes Yes No No
Reactive Power Capability None None Yes. Leading and lagging Yes. Leading and lagging
Reactive support when not generating
No No Yes Yes
Directly coupled with grid Yes. Fully Yes. Fully Semi-coupled by stator No
Speed Range Fixed speed Semi-variable speed (above rated speed)
Variable speed (above and below rated speed)
Full range (0-rated speed)
P Control No. Stall control Yes. Pitch-control Yes. Pitch-control (slow) and converter control (fast)
Yes. Pitch-control (slow) and converter control (fast)
Q Control No No Yes. Converter control Yes. Converter control
F Control No No Yes Yes
LVRT No No Yes. Crowbar or DC power resistor (chopper) with fast current control
Yes. DC power resistor (chopper) with fast current control
HVRT No No Yes Yes
Legend for Technical Performance
Technical Performance
Poor Excellent
Wind Turbine Technology trends in India-Current Manufacturer WTG Model Technology overviewSuzlon S97-2.1 MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial
converter)Gamesa G97-2.0 MW , G114-2.0 MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial
converter)Vestas V100-2.0 MW, V110-2.0 MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial
converter)Wind World (India) WW53-800 kW Type 4 (Direct drive, EESG
with full converter)GE GE 1.6-82.5, GE 1.7-103 Type 3 (DFIG with Partial
converter)Inox Wind INOX DF 100-2MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial
converter)Regen Powertech VENSYS 82/87/89-1500 kW Type 4 (Direct drive, PMSG
with full converter)
1.5 MW to 2.2 MW fit better for India wind resources conditions
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Where Grid Code should be applicable?
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MV cablesPCC
MV SWGPark XFOHV SWG
data
SCADA
Substation
STATCOM
PPC
If grid code is met at the WTG level can’t assure it will be met at the PCC, due to collector network in between.
Grid codes generally apply to the Wind Power Plant at PCC
Typically collector network up to PCC is responsible for 20% reactive power losses. Who should supply this loss?
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Reliable real-time power
control
Fast and deterministic
Independent from SCADA
Modular design
Highly configurable
Independent user tasks
Data streaming Communicates to third
party equipment with various
industry protocols
Power Plant ControllerPower Plant Controller is must to meet Grid Code at PCC
• Within steady state voltage range, plant level control is responsible for grid code requirement.• During FRT/LVRT/HVRT WTG level controls are responsible for grid code requirement.• During fault recovery, both WTG level and Plant level control should work in co-ordination.
Plant Level Control Features
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Core control algorithms for the power plant:• Voltage Control
ᅳ Slope Controller ᅳ PI controller
• Reactive Power Control • Reactive Power Feed Forward• Power Factor Control • Frequency Control• Active Power Control• FRT support function• Fast Runback• Feeder Power Limiter
• Line Droop Compensation Control
Supporting algorithms:• Power Limits • Bumpless Transition• MSU Control• Reactive Power Dispatcher• Active Power Dispacher• Data logging• Remote control
Grid Interconnection in project life cycle
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Delivers Plant-level performance, Controls and Grid Compliance
SiteHunt®
SiteDesign®
Grid Connection Studies
Risk Reduction and Solution Optimization Revenue Optimization
Value drivers
Site Selection & Land Access Development Permits Engineering Construction Operation
+20 years 1-2 years½ -1½ years 1-1½ years1-2 years1-3 years Offerings
System Impact Study Detail Power System EngineeringVestasOnline® Power Plant Controller
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SIS Assess the grid
connection feasibility of the WPP and recommend potential reinforcement of power system or optimize MW of the WPP
EPD Assess and optimize
the overall WPP electrical configuration and performance to enable our customers to meet grid connection requirements
PSE Detailed
engineering, design of WPP and specification of the BoP to enable the WPP is built to the best engineering practice and meet customer’s expectation
PPC real time plant control
features for grid compliance and –integration, optimisation of yield and integration with third party equipment ieSTATCOMs, SVCs, Capacitors etc
Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions
Vestas solution & service – Grid Interconnection StudiesGrid Interconnection studies provide site-specific electrical plantanalysis for the grid code compliance, ensure optimal electricaldesign for better business case of wind power plants.
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Yaw power backup system
Fault ride-through
Reactive power control
HVRT
Arc flash study
Transient stability
PPC parameter settings
Weak grid connection
BoP speification/TPS
SSR/SSCI
Plant energisation
Insulation co-ordination
Achieve Advanced Wind Power Plant Performance
Loss
Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions
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Grid Interconnection – PQ Chart (Type 3 - With compensation)PQ chart with individual MSU switching
Romania 70 MW WPP
This plant required 2x4 MVAR reactor and 2x7 MVAR capacitor bank
Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions
Vestas solution & service – Grid Interconnection Studies
12 Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions
Aims for site specific solutions to meet the grid code
Grid Code Compliance – Technical requirements
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• Continuous operating voltage range
• Power factor / reactive power
• LVRT / FRT
• HVRT
• Voltage control
• Active power control
• Frequency response
• Power quality
• Protection
• WTG / WPP models
• Compliance test
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