i
wOHdmkfha kj ±laufy;tpapd; Gjpa Nehf;F
New Vision for Education
wOHdmk jevigyka m%.;sh - 2010iy
fhdað; bÈß jevigyka - 2011
fy;tp Ntiyj;jpl;l Kd;Ndw;wk; - 2010
kw;Wk;
cj;Njr vjpu;fhy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; - 2011
2010 - Progressand
Proposed Programmes - 2011
wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha m%ldYkhls'
^ie,iqï yd ld¾hidOk iudf,dapk wxYh úiska ilia lrk ,§ &
fy;tp mikr;rpd; ntspaPL
(jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; nrayhw;Wif kPsha;Tf; fpisapdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ)
A Publication of the Ministry of Education(Compiled by Planning and Performance Review Division)
iii
.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsúvh
uyskao Ñka;k cd;sl ixj¾Ok m%uqL;d ;=<ska fmdaIKh ,enq wOHdmkfha
kj m%jK;djka o we;=<;a jk mßÈ ilia l< 2010 j¾Ihg wod< wOHdmk m%.;sh yd
2011 j¾Ihg wod< j y÷kd.;a m%uqL;d ±lafjk fuu jd¾;dj 2011 j¾Ih i|yd jk
wOHdmk jeh YS¾Ih idlÉPd flfrk fuu jeo.;a wjia:dfõ § bÈßm;a lsÍug
,eîu ms<sn| j uu i;=gq fjñ'
rgl iuia; iudc ixj¾Okfha;a" wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha;a" wdOHd;añl .=K
j.dfõ;a" uQ,sl moku i,iñka Bg wjeis ;SrKd;aul fufyjr bgq l<hq;= Ndr¥r
úIhhla f,i wOHdmkh" rgl iuia; ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a yd ÈYdkq.; lsÍu Wfoid
bgq flfrk fufyh b;d úYd, h' ld,Sk yd f.da,Sh wNsfhda. ch .ekSug;a"
foaYSh ixialD;sh yd wkkH;dj iq/lSug;A iu;a wOHdmkhla i,ikq jia iaÓridr
jQ kj wOHdmk mk;l wjYH;dj jgyd .ksñka jvd;a ld¾hlaIu" M,odhS yd ;sridr
kj wOHdmk mk;la ilia lr l%shd;aul lsÍu fuys,d m%uqL wjYH;djla fia i,ld
wms l%shd lrñka isákafkuq'
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh wOHdmk fuj,ula f,i i,lñka" ±kqu
flakaøSh fldg.;a iudchl kd.ßl fuka u .ïno orejka Wfoid wOHdmkfha iu
wjia:djka N=la;s ú£ug bvlv ie,fik mßÈ" ishÆu úIh Odrdjka l%shd;aul flfrk
w.%.KH mdi,a 1000 la ixj¾Okh lr,Sfï ±jeka; ld¾hNdrh bgqlsÍu i|yd
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh ish Wmßu wjOdkh fhduqlr we;'
os.= ld,hla ;siafia úi|d,Sug wmyiq j mej;s ;SrKd;aul .eg¨ /ila
úi|d,ñka" Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 1 mx;sfha ks,OdÍka i|yd úêu;a j
Wiiaùï ,nd§ug;a" tu ks,OdÍka ksis mßÈ ia:dk.; lr,Sug;a" ±kgu;a lghq;=
i,id we;' tu.ska b;d by< .=Kd;aulNdjhlska hq;= wf,ú l< yels l=i,;d
j,ska imsß yd úfYaIfhka Wiia udkqISh .=K O¾uhka yd YlH;djkaf.ka fyì M,odhs
ñksiqka ;ekSfï wä;d,u mdi,a wOHdmkh úiska wLKavj u iún, .kajkq we;s nj
o b;d i;=áka i|yka lrkq leue;af;ñ'
uyskao Ñka;k bÈß ±laug wkqj wdishdfõ wdYap¾hh njg Y%S ,xldj
m;alr,Sfï taldhk wfmalaId j bgqlr .ekSfuys,d mxpn, flakaøSh ixj¾Ok m%fõYh
;=< jvd;a ld¾hlaIu" M,odhS iy .=Kd;aulNdjfhka b;du;a by< wOHdmk wjia:d
i,iñka" iu wOHdmk wjia:djka iy;sl lsÍu ;=<ska iudc idOdrK;ajhlska hq;= j
cd;sfha bÈß ±lau Yla;su;a lsÍug wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg n,j;a f,i odhlúh
yels nj ud ;rfha úYajdi lrk w;r" ta i|yd wêIaGdkfhka lemù wm ieug
l%shdl< yels nj o uu wjOdrKfhka hq;= j i|yka lrñ'
nkaÿ, .=Kj¾Ok
wOHdmk wud;H
v
.re ksfhdacH wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsúvh
2010 j¾Ihg wod< m%.;sh yd 2011 j¾Ifha bgq l<hq;= m%uqL;d
we;=<;a m%.;s jd¾;dj i|yd mKsúvhla ksl=;a lsÍug ,eîu ms<sn|j uu
b;du;a i;=gq fjñ'
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh yd Bg wkqnoaO úúO wdh;k úiska 2010
j¾Ifha § bgqlrkq ,enQ ld¾hNdrh ;=<ska" wOHdmkfha fuf;la fkdúi§
;snQ wNsfhda. /ila ch .ekSug yelsúh' tys,d wOHdmk wud;HdxYh i|yd
kj ixúOdk jHQyhla yªkajd§u lemS fmfkk fjkila jQ w;r" wOHdmk
wud;HdxYfha by< ;k;=rej, jevneÆ mokñka isá ks,OdÍka fjkqjg tu
;k;=re i|yd Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 1 mx;sfha ks;H ks,OdÍka
m;alsÍug yelsùu úfYaI ch.%yKhls'
wOHdmksl .=Kd;aulNdjh läkñka by< kxjd,Su i|yd
ixj¾Okd;aul m%fõY /ila ie,iqï lr we;s w;r" bÈß ld,fha § tu
ixj¾Ok b,lal lrd fhduqùu wud;HdxYfha iqúfYaIs ld¾hNdrh ù ;sfí'
wud;HdxYhg wh;a ishÆ u ;rd;srfï ks,OdÍkaf.a ld¾hidOk uÜgu Wmßu
jk whqßka wLKav kshdukhla isÿlrñka" cd;sfha ¥ orejka wkd.; f,djg
wjeis l=i,;dj,ska fyì" foaYhg wdorh lrkakd jQ foaYysff;ISka njg
m;alr,Sfï wNsfhda.hg Wrfokq we;'
fulS idOkSh m%uqL;dj,ska hq;= j yd uyskao Ñka;k ixj¾Ok
m%fõYh ;=< 2011 j¾Ifha § wOHdmkfha m%fõ.ldÍ ixj¾Okh n,.ekaùu
;jÿrg;a ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS lrkq i|yd uu Tn ieug wdrdOkd lrñ'
.dñKS úð;a úð;uqKs o fidhsidwOHdmk ksfhdacH wud;H
vi
wOHdmk f,alïf.a mKsúvh
uyskao Ñka;khg wh;a ixj¾Ok m%uqL;d h:d¾:hla njg m;alsÍu i|yd
wOHdmkh i|yd jQ wdfhdackj,ska Wmßu M, fk,d .; hq;= h' ys`.
iïm;a m%Yia; f,i wdfhdackh lrñka" ie,iqï iy.; f,i wfmalaIs;
b,lal bgqlrñka" cd;sfha udkj iïm; Wiia wdl,am yd .=KO¾uj,ska
fuka u" Ôjk l=i,;dj,ska mßmQ¾K lrkakg;a" iunr fm!reI .=Kdx.
j¾Okh lsÍfuys,d;a wOHdmk úIhfhys mj;akd j.lSu b;d Ndr¥r fõ'
b;du;a by< .=Kd;aul Ndjfhka hq;= úIh ks¾foaY mokï lr .ksñka"
kj ;dlaIKfhka mßmQ¾K jQ jákd wOHdmk wjia:d isiq mrmqr fj; odhdo
lr,Sug;a" ld,Sk jQ cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r fjkialï yd m%jK;d fuka u"
wkd.; f.da,Sh wNsfhda. ch.ekSug;a fhda.H wOHdmkhla mdi,a moaO;sh
;=<ska ,nd§ug wOHdmk wud;HdxYh bgq lrk ld¾hNdrh iqúfYaIS fõ'
uyskao Ñka;k ixj¾Ok m%uqL;d Tiafia m%fõ.ldÍ f,iska wOHdmkh o
ixj¾Okh lrkq jia" .re wOHdmk wud;H;=ud iy ksfhdacH wud;H;=ud
iqúfYaIS wjOdkfhka hq;= j wOHdmkh i|yd kj fjkialï /ila y÷kajd
foñka isàu w;sYh n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy.; h' fuys m%;sM,hla f,iska
úfYaIfhka u iaÓridr yd m%Yia; wOHdmk m%;sm;a;shla yd th l%shdjg
mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd jQ kS;suh rduqj ieliSfï Ndr¥r b,lalh lrd
wm <`.dfjñka isák nj fï fudfydf;a i;=áka i|yka lrkq leue;af;ñ'
tÉ' tï' .=Kfialr
f,alï
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
vii
mgqk
♦ .re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsúvh - iii
♦ .re ksfhdacH wud;H;=udf.a mKsúvh - v
♦ wOHdmk f,alï;=udf.a mKsúvh - vi
mßÉfþoh 01 - wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ld¾hNdrh
1'1 uyskao Ñka;k cd;sl m%uqL;d yd idudkH wOHdmkh 1
1'2 wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ±lau 2
1'3 wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fufyjr 2
1'4 wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg wkqnoaO úúO wdh;k 3
1'5 wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ld¾hNdrh 3
mßÉfþoh 02 - úYsIag wOHdmkhla i|yd fhduqùug wod< uE;ld,Sk Wmk;Ska
2'1 wOHdmkh i|yd kj iaÓridr m%;sm;a;shla 5
2'2 wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha kj ixúOdk jHqyh
iún, .ekaùu yd wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd ksis
kdhl;ajhla we;slr,Su 6
2'3 oaú;Shsl mdi,a 1000la ixj¾Okh lsÍfï jevigyk 7
2'4 mdi,a l%Svd Woa§mkh i|yd úfYaI jevigyka 8
viii
2'5 w'fmd'i^id'fm<& yd w'fmd'i^W'fm<& úNd.h
i|yd iqúfYaIS wOHdmk iïuka;%K jevigyka 9
2'6 miajk fY%aKsfha YsIH;aOdÍkaf.a l=i,;d we.hSu
i|yd úfYaI jevms<sfj<la 10
2'7 mdi,a moaO;sh úpdrj;a lsÍu ;=<ska wOHdmk
wdfhdackh ;=< by< ld¾hlaIu;djla iy;sl lr,Su 11
2'8' ÿIalr m%foaYhkays .=rejreka i|yd .=re .ïudk
msysgqùu 12
2'9 ÿIalr m%foaYhkays msysá mdi,aj,g f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIK myiqlï iemhSu yd tajdfha
fiajh lrk .=reNj;=ka yd úÿy,am;sjreka i|yd
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK myiqlï jD;a;Sh
ixj¾Ok wjia:d mq̀:,a lsÍu 12
2'10 mdi,a n,d;aul lsÍu i|yd wLKav
úfYaI jevigyka 14
2'11 oaúNdId wOHdmk wjia:d mq̀:,a lsÍu yd
ixj¾Okh lsÍu 15
2'12 .=re ;=,kh i|yd kj m%fõYhla 16
2'13 msßfjka wOHdmkh i|yd kj mk;la yd
fhdað; kj m%jk;d 16
2'14 wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd iqúfYaIS wdOdr m%Þkh 17
2'15 Y%s ,xld úoHd .Ks; T,sïmshdâ iïfï,kh 18
2'16 Ôjk l=i,;djla f,i bx.%SiS NdIdj m%j¾Okh
lsÍfï jevigyka 19
ix
2'17 w'fmd'i ^id$fm<& yd w'fmd'i ^W$fm<& iy miajk
fY%aKsfha YsIH;aj úNd.h i|yd m%Yafkda;a;r fmd;a
fm<la 20
2'18 mdi,a fm<fmd;a nr wvqlrñka jvd;a úêu;a
mdi,a fmd;a nE.hla y÷kajd §u 21
2'19 mdi,a wdmkYd,d wdydrmdk i|yd Wiia m%ñ;shla 22
2'20 Y%oaOdxc,S jevigyk 22
2'21 wOHdmk m%ldYk fm<fmd;a" úIh ks¾foaY yd
m%Yafkda;a;r ix.%y wf,ú m%j¾Ok úfYaI jevigyk 23
mßÉfþoh 03 - 2010 wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Ok jevigyka m%.;sh iy
2011 j¾Ih i|yd fhdað; bÈß jevigyka
3'1 wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iqï ls%hd;aul lsÍu 24
3'1'1 wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk 24
3'1'2 uyskao Ñka;k jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍu 27
3'1'3 ieug wOHdmk wruqKq yd iyY% ixj¾Ok
wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSu 27
3'2 wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Ok jevigykaj, m%.;sh iy
fhdað; bÈß jevigyka 28
3'2'1 m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh 31
• m%d:ñl wOHdmkh 31
• bx.%Sis wOHdmkh 32
• úoHd yd .Ks; wOHdmkh 32
• cd;sl NdId yd fojk NdId wOHdmkh 33
• fi!kao¾h wOHdmkh 33
x
• lDIsl¾u yd ;dlaIK wOHdmkh 34
• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK
wOHdmkh 35
• wd.ñl yd idrO¾u wOHdmkh 35
• idu wOHdmkh 36
• úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï" YsIH
ud¾f.damfoaYkh yd WmfoaYkh 36
• mdi,a mqia;ld, ixj¾Okh 36
3'2'2 .=re wOHdmkh yd jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh 37
3'2'3 fkdúêu;a wOHdmkh 37
3'2'4 úfYaI wOHdmkh 38
3'2'5 W;=re m<d;a wOHdmk ixj¾Okh 39
3'2'6 j;=lrfha mdi,a ixj¾Okh 40
3'2'7 uqia,sï mdi,a ixj¾Okh 41
3'2'8 mdi,a we.hSu yd wëlaIKh 41
3'2'9 wOHdmk moaO;sfha ixj¾Okh i|yd cd;sl
mdi,a odhl;ajh 41
3'3 wOHdmk fiajd yd wdh;k lghq;= 42
3'3'1 wOHdmk mßmd,k yd l<ukdlrKh Yla;su;a lsÍu 42
• Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajh 42
• Y%S ,xld úÿy,am;s fiajh 42
• Y%S ,xld .=re wOHdmk{ fiajh 43
• Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh 43
3'3'2 udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh 44
xi
3'4 wOHdmk fiajd iemhSï yd YsIH iqNidOk jevigyka 44
3'4'1 mdi,a ks,we÷ï ,nd §u 44
3'4'2 mdi,a fm<fmd;a ,nd §u 44
3'4'3 mdi,a isiqka i|yd YsIH;aj ,nd §u 44
3'4'4 mdi,a Èjd wdydr jevigyk yd fi!LH m%j¾Ok
jevigyk 45
3'4'4 mdi,a f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍu 45
3'5 wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg wkqnoaO wdh;k 48
3'5'1 cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh 48
3'5'2 Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j 50
3'5'3 wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j 51
3'5'4 cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h 53
3'5'5 Y%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: ixj¾Ok uKav,h 53
3'5'6 Y%S ,xld cd;sl hqfkiaflda fldñiu 54
3'6 wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd úfoaY wdOdr 55
3'6'1 wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk
i|yd f,dal nexl= wdOdr 56
3'6'2 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr u; ls%hd;aul
oaú;Shsl wOHdmk kùlrK jHdmD;sh 63
3'6'3 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr u; ls%hd;aul
±kque;s iudchla i|yd jQ wOHdmk jHdmD;sh 64
3'6'4 hqksfi*a wdOdr ,nk jevigyka 69
3'6'5 GTZ wdOdrfhka ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk iudc
tAld.%;djh i|yd wOHdmkh jevigyk 70
xii
mßÉfþoh 04 - wOHdmksl o;a; yd ñkqï úfYaf,aIKh
4'1 ye¢kaùu 71
4'2 idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| uQ,sl ixLHd;aul f;dr;=re 72
4'2'1 Y%s ,xldfõ rcfha mdi,a ixLHdj 2005-2009 72
4'2'2 fm!oa.,sl mdi,a yd msßfjka ixLHdj 2005-2009 73
4'2'3 rcfha mdi,ays .=rejreka ixLHdj 2005-2009 73
4'2'4 fm!oa.,sl mdi,a yd msßfjka .=re ixLHdj 2005-2009 75
4'2'5 kjl .=rejreka n|jd.ekSu 2010 yd 2011 75
4'2'6 iuia; .=re ixLHdj ;=< WmdêOdÍ .=rejrekaf.a
j¾Okh 2006-2009 76
4'2'7 rcfha mdi,aj, YsIH ixLHdj 2006-2009 77
4'2'8 fm!oa.,sl mdi,a yd msßfjka YsIH ixLHdj 2005-2009 77
4'2'9 YsIH ixLHdj wkqj mdi,a ixLHdfõ úisreu 2009 78
4'3 YsIH idOkh ms<sn| uQ,sl ixLHd;aul f;dr;=re 80
4'3'1 my fY%aKsh YsIH;aj úNd. idOkh 2007'2009 80
4'3'2 w'fmd'i^id'fm<& yd w'fmd'i^W'fm<& m%;sM,
2005-2009 81
4'3'3 y;r jk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%dma;s
uÜgï ixikaokh 83
4'3'4 wg jk iy oyjk fY%a‚j, isiqkaf.a bf.kqï
m%dma;s uÜgï ixikaokh 84
xiii
4'4 f;dard.;a wOHdmk o¾Yl wkqj wOHdmkfha m%udKd;aul
yd .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okh iei§u 1994" 2007" 2009 85
4'4'1 f;dard.;a wOHdmk o¾Yl 1994" 2007"2009 85
4'5 wOHdmk msßjeh 86
4'5'1 tal YsIH wOHdmk úhou 2007-2010 86
4'5'2 idudkH wOHdmk i|yd jQ wdfhdack - mqkrdj¾;k
yd m%d.aOk úhou 2007-2009 87
4'6 Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmk uÜgu ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha
wfkl=;a rgj, wOHdmk uÜgu iu. ii|d ne,Sula 88
1
mßÉfþoh - 01
wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ld¾hNdrh
1'1' uyskao Ñka;k cd;sl ixj¾Okm%uqL;d yd idudkH wOHdmkh
Y%S ,xldj wdishdfõ wdYap¾hh njg m;a lrkq jia" uyskao Ñka;k bÈß
±lau ;=<ska y÷kajd § we;s mxp n, flakaøSh ixj¾Ok jevigyka w;r" ±kqfï
n, flakaøh f,iska wOHdmkh yd ±kqu rgg WÑ; f,i m%;sks¾udKh lr,Sfï
Ndr¥r lghq;a; wOHdmk wud;HdxYh fj; mejÍ we;s w;r" tu j.lSu wOHdmk
wud;HdxYh úiska ±kgu;a bgq lrñka isà'
±kqfï úYsIag flakaøia:dkhla f,i wOHdmkh ;=<ska rfÜ wd¾Ól yd
idudÔh ixj¾Okh iy;sl lrkq jia" mdi,a wOHdmkfha úYsIag uOHia:dk jYfhka
mdi,a 1000la wx. iïmQ¾K f,iskaa ixj¾Okh flfrkq we;'
wOHdmkh i|yd iaÓridr jQ kj cd;sl m%;sm;a;suh rduqjla yd kj wOHdmk
mk;la u.ska rfÜ ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a flfrk" rgg WÑ; jk whqßka wOHdmkh
m%;sks¾udKh flfrkq we;'
fuys,d läkï yd rdcH m%uqL;djhlska hq;= jQ wNsudkj;a wm b;sydifhka
,enQ wjfndaOh yd w;S; wNsudkh iqrlsk foaYSh;ajfha Yla;su;a wlauq,a ;=<ska
f.da,Sh wNsfhda. myiqfjka ch .ksñka" wyi fmdf<dj ihsn¾ wjldYfhka yd
±kqfuka n,d;aul .=re isiq msßila ks¾udKh lr,Sfï wä;d,u ±kgu;a uyskao
Ñka;k bÈß ±lau ;=<ska iaÓridr j Èh;a lr we;'
2
1'2' wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ±lau(Vision )
Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;djfha yjq,alrejka jk olaI
mqrjeis msßila u.ska cd;Hka;r iudcfha úYsIag;ajh
lrd t<öu'
1'3' wOHdmk wud;HdxYfhafufyjr ( Mission)
md¾Yjlrejka ;Dma;su;a Ndjhg m;ajk whqßka
ld¾hlaIu;dj yd Wiia .=Kd;aul Ndjhg fhduqjk
wOHdmkfha kùlrKh lrk ,o yd kQ;k m%fõYhla
;=<ska cd;Hka;r m%jK;djkag iß,k mßÈ olaI
mqrjeis msßila ìys lsÍu'
3
1'4' wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg wkqnoaOúúO wdh;k
1' m<d;a wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=
2' wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
3' Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j
4' cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
5' cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h
6' Y%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: ixj¾Ok uKav,h
7' Y%S ,xld hqfkiaflda cd;sl fldñiu
1'5' wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha ld¾hNdrh
• cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍu yd kùlrKh ms<sn| cd;sl wOHdmk
fldñiug ks¾foaY yd m%;sfmdaIKh imhñka wOHdmkfha mq¿,a wruqKqj,
msysgd cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh w¾: l:kh yd Ndú;h'
• cd;sl wruqKqj,g yd m%;sm;a;sj,g wkql+, j wOHdmksl l%shdldrlñ ie,iqï
lsÍu" l%shd;aul lsÍu" kshdukh" m%.;s iudf,dapkh yd we.hSu'
• wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd oaúmd¾Yaúl yd nyqmd¾Yaúl úfoaY in|;d
mj;ajd .ekSu" l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iuÕ iyfhda.S j lghq;=
lsÍu'
• idudkH wOHdmkfha m%ñ;s ;SrKh lsÍu yd tu m%ñ;Ska mj;ajdf.k hdug
wjYH lghq;= fh§u iy mdi,a yd wfkl=;a wOHdmk wdh;khkays
ks¾udKYS,S l%shdldrlï j¾Okh lsÍu'
4
• idudkH wOHdmkh" .=re wOHdmkh" úfYAI wOHdmkh yd msßfjka wOHdmkhg
wÞ< úIhud,d ixj¾Okh" l%shd;aul lsÍu yd we.hSu
• wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd m¾fhaIK lafIa;% y÷kdf.k m¾fhaIK meje;aùu
yd tu m%;sM, wOHdmk l%shdj,sfhys,d m%fhdackhg .ekSu'
• cd;sl uÜgfï iy;sl úNd." úIh úNd. yd wNsfhda.H;d mÍlaIK i|yd
iqÿiq we.hSï l%u mj;ajdf.k hdu yd iudf,dapkh
• m%n, .=Kd;aul wOHdmk l%shdj,shla i|yd wjYH udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh
lsÍu'
• wOHdmk wud;HdxYh hgf;a we;s .=re wOHdmksl wdh;k" cd;sl mdi,aj,
l<ukdlrKh" ld¾hidOkh we.hSu'
• mßmd,k l<ukdlrKh yd wOHdmksl l%shdldrlï l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|
j m<d;a wOHdmk n,OdÍkag Wmfoia iemhSu" iydhùu" iïnkaëlrKh
yd iudf,dapkh
• úfoaY wdOdr ,nk jHmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu yd wëlaIKh
• bf.kqï wdOdrl wOHdmk f.dvke.s,s yd WmlrK i|yd msßú;r yd m%ñ;s
ksYaph lsÍu yd ie,iqï ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
• fm<fmd;a" ks< we÷ï yd cd;sl uÜgñka iemhsh hq;= fiajd yd NdKav
iemhSu'
• wOHdmk úIhh hgf;a ish¨u m%d.aOk úhoï o wOHdmk wud;HdxYh yd
wud;HdxYh hg;g .efkk wdh;kj, mqkrdj¾;k úhoï o weia;fïka;=
lsÍu yd uqo,a fjkalsÍu iy l%uj;a uQ,H l<ukdlrK moaO;shla l%shd;aul
lsÍu'
• wOHdmk lafIa;%h hgf;a we;s ish¨ u fiajdjkaj, jHjia:d mßmd,kh
lsÍu yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYh yd wud;HdxYh hg;g .efkk wdh;kj,
ukd wNHka;r md,khla mj;ajd .ekSu'
5
mßÉfþoh - 02
úYsIag wOHdmkhla i|yd fhduqùugwod< uE;ld,Sk Wmk;Ska
ó<Õ ishjig wod< j f.da,Sh wNsfhda. ch.; yels yd úYaj .ïudkfha
mqrjeisfhl= i;= l=i,;dj,ska fyì ore mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍfuys,d wOHdmk
wud;HdxYh kj wOHdmk m%jK;d /ila m%uqL;d mokulska hq;=j y÷kdf.k
l%shd;aul lrñka isà'
2'1' wOHdmkh i|yd kj iaÓridrm%;sm;a;shla
wud;H uKav,h úiska m;a lrk ,o wdpd¾h Ô' î' .=Kj¾Ok lñgqfõ
jd¾;dj o cd;sl wOHdmk fldñiu uÕska wOHdmk lafIa;%h i|yd lrkq ,enQ
úúO ks¾foaYhka o i,ld n,ñka" uyskao Ñka;k bÈß ±lafuys i|yka wkd.;
ishji wNsuqLj udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ l%fudamdhsl ks¾foaYhka o
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;shla yd ta yd wkqnoaO jQ kS;s rduqjla
we;=<;a kj wOHdmk mk;la flgqïm;a lsÍfï ld¾hh wdrïN fldg we;'
fï wkqj fuu ld¾hhg wod< j ±kgu;a md¾,sfïka;= úfYaI ldrl iNdjla
m;a fldg" wjYH uQ,sl ld¾hhka bgqlrñka mj;sk w;r" wOHdmkhg wod<
wkd.; wNsfhda. ch.; yels yd ieuúg u foaYSh;ajh w.hñka iy wlauq,a
fkdis÷kq" tfukau f.da,Sh wjYH;d yd wNsfhda.j,g uqyqKÈh yels wkd.;
mrmqrla ìyslr,ñka" ±kqï flakaøSh mxp n, l%fudamdhsl cd;sl jevigyk
6
idlaId;a lr,Su fuys,d uQ,sl wruqK fõ' óg wod< jev lghq;= wÈhr lsysmhla
;=<ska idlaId;a lr.ekSug;a" wjidk jYfhka 2011 j¾Ifha uq,a Nd.fha fuu
kj wOHdmk mk; md¾,sfïka;=j fj; bÈßm;a lr iïu; lr .ekSug;a
ie,iqï lr we;' kj wOHdmk mk; iusmdokh lsrSfuys,d fï jk úg;a
mqoa.,hska$mqoa., lKavdhus /ila idlaIs imhd we;s w;r" tu lghq;= läkñka
bgq lsrSug kshñ;h'
tu`.ska idudkH wOHdmk lafIa;%h iuia;hla f,i wdjrKh jk mßÈ yd
ta i|yd WÑ;" w;HjYH" m%Yia;" m%;sm;a;suh fjkialï fhdackd lrñka jvd;a
.=Kd;aul yd fõ.j;a wOHdmk ixj¾Okhla iy;sl lrkq we;'
2'2' wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha kjixúOdk jHqyh iún,.ekaùuyd wOHdmk mßmd,kh iyl<ukdlrKh i|yd ksiskdhl;ajhla we;s lr,Su
• jir .Kkdjlg miq Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 1 mka;sfha
ks,OdÍkag Wiiaùï u; iaÓr ;k;=re i|yd m;aùï ,nd § we;s w;r"
Tjqkaf.ka moaO;sh fj; Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd.kq jia" ksYaÑ; mßÈ Tjqka
ia:dk.; lrk ,oS' wOHdmk mrsmd,k fiajfha 1 mka;sfha jevne,Sfus
;k;=re fjkqjg ks;H ;k;=reOdrSka m;alsÍu wjika lr we;' fï hgf;a
l,dm" m<d;a yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYh we;=¿ ish¨ u wOHdmk wdh;k
i|yd ksis yd Wiia kdhl;ajhla$ l<ukdldÍ;ajhla iy;sl lrkq we;'
wOHdmk l<ukdlrK yd mßmd,k lafIa;%fha mj;akd mqrmamdvq Bg wod<
jHjia:dkql+, úêúOdk hgf;a wLKav j mqrjd,Sfï l%ufõohla y÷kajd §
we;s w;r" ia:dk.; lsÍï wLKav j isÿlrñka m<d;a yd l,dmSh uÜgfuka
yd mdi,a uÜgfuka wOHdmk l<ukdlrKh yd kdhl;ajh o ksis u.g
fhduqlsÍug lghq;= flf¾'
7
• ófma msysá wOHdmk kdhl;aj ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh ;jÿrg;a n,d;aul
lr,ñka" Wmdê uÜgfï mdGud,djka l%shd;aul lsÍug;a" wOHdmk
l<ukdlrejka mqyqKq lsÍfï § wOHdmk lafIa;%fha wod< wdh;khkag
.e<fmk mßÈ mqyqKq wjia:d ie,iqï lsÍug;a" jevigyka ilia fldg
we;' wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ odhl;ajfhka fï i|yd uQ,HdOdr imhkq
,efí'
2'3' oaú;Shsl mdi,a 1000laixj¾Okh lsÍfï jevigyk
• uyskao Ñka;k bÈß ±lafï fhdackd fldg we;s mßÈ" wx. iïmQ¾K mdi,a
1000la ixj¾Okh lrñka" kd.ßl fuka u .%dóh uÜgfï o isiq orejka
i|yd .=Kd;aul núka msßmqka wOHdmk wjia:d i,id§u iy;sl lsÍu;a"
wOHdmk iu wjia:d mq¿,a j ,nd§u;a fuys uQ,sl wfmalaIdj fõ' Wiia
uÜgfï wOHdmk .=Kd;aul Ndjhla ia:dms; flfrk jvd;a m%Yia; bf.kqï
b.ekaùï l%shdj,shla iy;sl fldg" Bg wjeis mqyqKq udkj iïm;a yd
há;, myiqlï moaO;shla fuu mdi,a ;=< ia:dms; flfrkq we;'
• fuu oejeka; mdi,a ixj¾Ok jevigyk Èh;a lsÍu u.ska ksoyia
wOHdmkh yd wksjd¾h wOHdmkh jvd;a w¾:dkaú; j ;yjqre jk mßÈ
w'fmd'i^W'fm<& úoHd úIh Odrdj we;=¿ ish¨u úIhOdrd l%shd;aul
flfrk w.%.Kfha mdi,la u.ska ish¨ orejkag iu wOHdmk wjia:d
iemhSfuys,d m%Yia; whqßka iïm;a Wmfhdackh lsÍu fuka u" kd.ßl
mdi,aj, W.% ;onoh j<lajd,ñka iuyr mdi,aj,g we;s wkjYH" lD;S%u
;r.ldß b,a¨u wju lr,Su fuys,d uQ,sl wruqKq w;r m%uqL f,i i,lkq
we;'
8
2'4' mdi,a l%Svd Woa§mkh i|ydúfYaI jevigyka
• mdi,a l%Svd ;=<ska YsIH YsIHdjka ifudaOdksl fm!reIhlska hq;a mqrjeishka
njg m;alr,Su i|yd ;jÿrg;a fuu jevigyka mq¿,a lsÍug lghq;=
flf¾
• m%:u jrg 2010 mdi,a iuia; ,xld l%Svd ;r.dj,sfha cd;sl uÜgfï
ch.%dylhskag ;ukaf.a l%Svd wOHdmkh wLKav j yd id¾:l j ixj¾Okh
lr.ekSu i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha úfYaI wkq.%dyl;ajh ,nd§u ;=<ska
cd;sl uÜgfï fukau wka;¾ cd;sl uÜgfï Y+rhska ìyslsÍu idlaId;a
lr,kq we;'
• iuia; ,xld mdi,a l%Svdj,ska úYsIag olaI;d fmkajQ l%Svl l%Säldjkag
b;sydifha m%:u jrg re'100"000 blaujQ uqo,a ;Hd. msrskuk ,oS'
• ±kg Èjhsfka msysá l%Svd mdi,aj, mj;akd ;;a;ajh kej; úu¾Ykh
fldg" tajd ;jÿrg;a Wiia uÜgug
ixj¾Okh lsÍug lghq;= flf¾'
• mdi,a l% Svd jvd;a m%n, úIh
iu.dó udOHhla f,iska by<
kexùu i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
iqúfYaIS odhl;ajh l%fudamdhsl
ie,iqï ;=<ska j¾Okh lr.kq we;'
9
2'5' w'fmd'i^id'fm<& yd w'fmd'i
^W'fm<& úNd.h i|yd iqúfYaIS
wOHdmk iïuka;%K jevigyka
• úNd. flakaøSh nj wvqlr,ñka isiqkaf.a udkisl wd;;sh yels;dla wju
lr,Sfï wruqKska w;solaI iqúfYaIS iïm;a mqoa.,hkaf.a odhl;ajfhka
Èjhsk mqrd w'fmd'i ^id'fm<& i|yd iïuka;%K Èh;a lsÍu wrUd we;'
tfuka u w'fmd'i ^W'fm<& i|yd 2011 isg iïuka;%K jevigyka Èh;a
flfrkq we;' fï hgf;a mdi,a orejka /ilg Wiia uÜgfï bf.kqï
w;a±lSï ,nd.ekSug u. újr lrkq we;'
• jvd;a id¾:l j yd myiqfjka úNd.j,g uqyqK§u i|yd m%shukdm mQ¾j
iQodkula yd mqyqKqjla fuu.ska ,nd§ug wfmalaIs; h'
• úNd. NS;sldj wvqlrñka ms<s;=re ,sùfï myiq l%ufõohka yqrelr,Su
fuu iïuka;%K uÕska isÿ lrkq we;'
• fuu iïuka;%K ud,dj Tiafia wjidk jYfhka cd;sl uÜgfï úNd.
m%;sM,j, idOkSh j¾Okhla wfmalaId flf¾'
• mdi,a uÜgñka l%shd;aul flfrk fuu wOHdmksl iïuka;%K ksid ;u
mdi,a flfrys isiqkaf.a yd foudmsh úYajdih ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh jkq
we;'
• wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
l,dmSh yd m<d;a wOHdmk n,OdÍkaf.a l%shdldÍ ueÈy;aùfuka hq;= iduQysl
m%h;akhla jYfhka fuu kj ixj¾OkSh l%shdÞuh bgqlrkq we;'
10
2'6' miajk fY%aKsfha YsIH;ajOdÍkaf.al=i,;d we.hSu i|yd úfYaIjevms<ssfj<la
• 5 fY%aKsfha YsIH;ajOdÍkaf.a wju idOk uÜgu ;SrKh lsÍug;a" tla tla
úIh i|yd wju jYfhka ,l=Kq 35 blaujd ,nd .kakd ish¨u isiqka
i|yd úfYaI m%ùK;d iy;sl m;%hla ,nd§ug;a" tu.ska YsIH wNsudkh
iq/lSug;a mshjr .efka'
• cd;sl uÜgñka yd m%dfoaYSh uÜgñka by< ,l=Kq ,nd.;a isiqkaf.a olaI;d
jvd;a fyd¢ka we.hSfï l%shdud¾.hla Èh;a lrkq we;' fuu ld¾hh
id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd úúO rdcH wdh;k fukau fm!oa.,sl wxYfha o
odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSug ie,iqï lr we;'
• 5 jir YsIH;aj úNd.h jvd;a YsIH m%shukdm úNd.hla njg m;alr,SSug;a"
wkjYH mßÈ úúO wxYj, ueÈy;aùu wju lr,Sug;a fmr iQodkula
f,ig miq.sh úNd. m%Yak m;% iy ms<s;=re we;=<;a fmd;a isxy, yd
fou< udOHj,ska ,nd§ug;a lghq;= lr we;'
11
2'7' mdi,a moaO;sh úpdrj;a lr,Suu.ska wOHdmk wdfhdackh ;=<by< ld¾hlaIu;djla iy;sllr,Su'
• mdi,a moaO;sfha ld¾hlaIu;djh by< kexùu i|yd jßka jr mdi,a
moaO;sh úpdrj;a lrñka mdi,aj, YsIH ixLHdj" .=re ixLHdj" iy mx;s
mrdi h<s iudf,dapkhg ,lalsÍug wod< jQ wOHdmk ie,iqïlrK
l%fudamdhka wLKavj fhdod.kq we;'
• wOHdmk wdfhdack ld¾hlaIu;dj Wmßu lr,Sfï§ iEu orefjl=f.au
bf.kqï whs;sh uq¿ukska u iy;sl lrkq we;'
• fuys úfYaI;ajh jkqfha oaú;Shsl mdi,la m%Odk fldg.;a m%d:ñl mdi,a
fmdl=rla iys; cd,hla ks¾udKh jk mßÈ mdi,a moaO;sh úpdrj;a lsÍfï
wNHdihla l,dm" m<d;a yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fufyhùfuka isÿlr
jHqyd;aul m%fõYhlska fuu m%h;ak mK.ekaùuhs'
• wOHdmkfha wNHka;r yd ndysr ld¾hlaIu;dj fukau m%Yia; mka;s ldur
YsIH iuQyhla yd Bg wod< .=re ixLHdjla iy;sl flfrk m%d:ñl yd
oaú;Shsl mdi,a cd,hla fu;=<ska ks¾udKh lrkq we;'
• mdi,a O%eúlrKh" isiqka ixLHdj b;d wvq mdi,a ixLHdfõ jeäùu;a
ck.yk o;a;" mdi,a jeäùfï m%jK;djh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka úpdrj;a
lsÍfï wNHdih bgq lrkq we;'
12
2'8' ÿIalr m%foaYhkays .=rejrekai|yd .=re .ïudk msysgqùu
• ÿIalr mdi,a lsysmhla uq,a lr.ksñka ÿIalr m%foaYj, msysá mdi,aj,
.=re ys`.h uq,skqmqgd ±ófï wruqKska" fujeks m%foaYj, msysá flakaøSh
uOHia:dk uq,afldg mdi,a wdY%s; .=re .ïudk msysgqjkq we;' ta wkqj
.=rejreka lKavdhulg iduQysl jYfhka kej;S Ôj;aúh yels mßÈ" tla
ia:dkhl .=re ksjdi ixlS¾Khla msysgqjkq we;s w;r" ta i|yd wjYH
ish,q u fN!;sl myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍug;a" Tjqkag ta ta mdi,a lrd
hdug wjeis m%jdyk myiqlï ÈhqKq lsÍug;a mshjr .kq we;'
2'9 ÿIalr m%foaYj, msysá mdi,aj,gf;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKmyiqlï iemhSu iy tajdfha fiajhlrk .=reNj;=ka yd úÿy,am;sjrekai|yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jD;a;Shixj¾Ok wjia:d mq¿,a lsÍu'
• 1 AB iy 1C mdi,a fj; wx. iïmQ¾K mß.Kl úoHd.dr imhd§ug
wu;r j" 2 j¾.fha mdi,a fj; o mß.Kl hka;% yd wfkl=;a myiqlï
,nd § wjika lrkq we;'
• mdi,a .=reNj;=ka i|yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh yd ikaksfõok mqyqKq wjia:d
oyia .Kkska ,ndfoñka cd;sl f;dr;=re ;dlaIK idlaIr;dj by<
kxjd,Sug È.ska È.gu odhl;ajh imhkq we;'
• oDVdx. cd,lrk yd úiÿï jevigyka mdi,a isiqkaf.a ueÈy;aùfuka
bgqlr,Su i|yd úfYaI jevigyka ie,iqï fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu ;jÿrg;a
mq¿,a lrkq we;'
13
• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh úIhhla jYfhka mdi,ays l%shd;aul
lsÍug wu;rj" f;dr;=re ;dlaIK Ndú;h mdi,ays l<ukdlrKh i|yd
Ndú;d lsÍu;a" m%p,s; lsÍu;a" w;HjYHfhkau l< hq;= ld¾hhla f,i
y÷kdf.k we;s w;r" ta i|yd ±kgu;a wod< uDÿldx. ks¾udKh
lsÍu yd mqyqKqùï jvd;a fõ.j;a lrkq we;'
• uyskao Ñka;k m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a ia:dms; flfrk mdi,a 1000 jevigykg
wkqj fuu jev lghq;= wdrïN lr läkñka" tu mdi,a f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfhka n,.ekajQ w.%.KH mdi,a njg iy;sl lsÍu
fuys úfYaI wruqK fõ' fol j¾.fha mdi,a 2200 la i|yd mß.Kl
myiqlï imhd§ug;a biqremdi,a f,iska ixj¾Okh flfrk ish¨ oaú;Shsl
mdi,a i|yd wx.iïmQ¾K mß.Kl úoHd.dr iy mdi,acd, myiqlï ,nd §u
i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr wdfhdack jvd;a mq̀:,a flfrkq we;'
• tfukau wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr u; l%shd;aul oekqï iudchla
i|yd jQ wOHdmk jHdmD;sfha wdfhdack u.ska f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úYsIag;d
iïudk m%odkh" .%dóh mdi,a i|ydo fhduqjk mßÈ ie,iqï ilia lr
we;s w;r" fï i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 250la blaujQ m%odkhla ch.%dyS
mdi,a 574la fj; ,ndfokq we;'
14
2'10 mdi,a n,d;aul lsÍu i|ydwLKavj úfYaI jevigyka
• ixj¾Okh lsÍug fhdað; oaú;Shsl mdi,a 1000 ;=< mdi,a kÕd isgqùfï
jevigyk (Programme of School Improvement) ksYaÑ;j yd úfYaI
m%uqL;djhlska hq;=j l%shd;aul lrkq we;'
• fuf;la kshuq jevigykla f,i l%shd;aul jQ mdi,a kÕd isgqùfï jevigyk
iuia; wOHdmk moaO;shgu wdfoaY lrkq we;' fuys ,d mdi,a uÜgñka
ilia lrkq ,nk ixj¾Ok ie,iqï mdi,a uÜgñkau wjeis ;SrK läkñka
.ksñka l%shd;aul lsÍu iy;sl lrkq jia" ta ta mdi,a i|yd uQ,H m%;smdok
mdi,a uÜgug ,nd§u ;jÿrg;a mq¿,a lrkq we;' tys uQ,sl wfmalaIdj
mdi,a uÜgfï ;SrK .ekSu fukau tu ;SrK l%shd;aul lr,Su n,d;aul
yd läkï lsÍuh'
• fuu jevigyk u.ska mdi,a uÜgfï ie,iqïlrKh" úIhud,d yd úIh
iu.dó lghq;= ixj¾Okh" mdi,a mdol .=re ixj¾Okh" mdi,a msßh;
ixj¾Okh yd mdi,a m%cd in|;d ixj¾Okh Yla;su;a lrkq we;'
• mdi,a i|yd wOHdmk .=Kd;aul fhojqï" Wiia uÜgfï wOHdmk l%shdj,Ska
i|yd fukau mdi,a msßh; kv;a;=j i|yd o úfYaI m%odk ,nd§ug
lghq;= lrkq we;' mdi,a l<ukdlrKh n,d;aul lsÍu u.ska wLKav j
yd wod<;ajfhka Wmßu mdi,a ixj¾Ok jevigyka" mdi,a ;=<ska u u;=fldg
l%shd;aul lsÍug wejeis" Ndú; ys;ldó jd;djrKhla imhd§fuka
mdif,a úÿy,am;sjrhd we;=¿ l<ukdlrK uKav, ms<sn|j úYajdihla
;nñka wOHdmk wud;HdxYh we;=¿ wOHdmk n,OdÍka úiska lghq;=
lrkq we;'
• mdi,a uÜgfï ie,eiaula i|yd uQ,H m%;smdok fjkalr,Sfï l%fudamdhsl
ie,iqï m%fõYhla fj; ixl%uKh ùu fuys wjidk wfmalaIdj fia ie,fla'
15
• mdi,a uÜgu n,.kajñka (Empowering Schools) ixj¾Ok l%shdodu
ie,iqï lsÍu" ta ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu" tu ;SrK l%shd;aul lr,Sug wod<
j wjeis ud¾f.damfoaY ,ndfoñka wOHdmk .=Kd;aul fhojqï jevigyk
(Education Quality Inputs) mdi,a kÕd isgqùfï (Programme of School
Improvement) jevigyk" mdi,a ixj¾Ok uQ,H m%odk jevigyk ̂ School
Development Grant& iy biqre mdi,a i|yd ld¾h idOk uÜgu u;
mokï j(Performance Based) ,nd§ug kshñ; úfYaI ixj¾Ok uQ,H
m%odk jevigyk (Special Development Financial Grant & hkd§ jYfhka
wLKav j úúO jevigyka l%shdjg k.ñka mj;akd w;r" fuu jevigyka
iïnkaOfhka mdi,a m%OdkSka we;=¿ wdpd¾h uKav, m%idofhka hq;=j l%shd
lrñka isák nj wod< wOHhk jd¾;d ;=<ska fy<sorõ ù ;sfí'
2'11 oaúNdId wOHdmk wjia:d mq¿,alsÍu yd ixj¾Okh lsÍu
• oaúNdId wOHdmk jevigyk hgf;a imqrd .ekSug wfmalaIs; wjidk
b,lalh jkqfha oaù;Shsl fY%aKsj, ish¨u isiqka i|yd oaúNdId wOHdmk
wjia:d i,id§uhs'
• fï i|yd ksYaÑ; b,lal msysgqjd f.k we;s w;r" 2011 j¾Ih wjidkfha
§ oaú;Shsl mdi,a 1000l fuu jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
16
• óg wu;r j ixj¾Okh i|yd fhdað; kj oaú;Shsl mdi,a 1000 ;=<o
oaúNdId wOHdmk wjia:d mq¿,a lrkq we;' tfukau wOHdmk moaO;sfha
wjYH;dj u; oaúNdId wOHdmk jevigyka Èh;a lsÍu i|yd ;jÿrg;a
.=rejrekaf.a l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍug;a" ta ;=<ska wfmalaIs; m%;sM, j¾Okh
lr,Sug;a l%shdud¾. f.k ;sfí'
• fï i|yd bx.%Sis udOH kjl WmdêOdÍ .=rejreka 410 la n|jdf.k oaúNdId
wOHdmkh mq`:,a lrkq jia jdKsc úIh Odrdj yodrk isiqkago ta i|yd
wjldY i,ikq we;' yxje,a," iS;djl rdcisxy" fydaud.u uOH uyd
úoHd,hh iy fld<U ¨ïìKs hk úoHd,j,ska jdKsc úIh Odrdj i|yd
bx.%Sis udOH y÷kajd§u wrUkq we;'
2'12 .=re ;=,kh i|yd kjm%fõYhla
• cd;sl .=reudre m%;sm;a;sh yd .=re fiajhg n|jd.ekSfï l%shdud¾. úêu;aj
iudf,dapkhg ,lafldg" .ïno m%foaYj, .=re ys.h uq,skqmqgd ±óug;a
bÈß n|jd.ekSï .=re wjYH;dj u; mokï j isÿlsÍug;a m<d;a wOHdmk
n,OdÍka iu. tlaj iduQysl m%h;akhla orkq we;' tfukau mdi,a mdol
.=re n|jd.ekSï jvd;a l%uj;aj bgqlr,Sug o l%shd lrkq we;'
2'13 msßfjka wOHdmkh i|yd kjmk;la iy fhdað; kjm%jK;d
• msßfjka wOHdmkh ixj¾Okfhys,d fhdað; kj m%jk;d w;r 1979 g miq
lsisÿ ixfYdaOkhlg ,la fkdjQ msßfjka mk; ld,Sk wjYH;dj,g wkqrEmSj
ixfYdaOkh lrkq we;'
17
• wd.ñl mßirhla ;=< m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ,nd§fï wruqKska msßfjkays
.sys isiqka i|yd 1 - 5 fY%aKs i|yd jQ m%d:ñl wxY wdrïN lsÍug we;s
YlH;dj ms<sn| úfYaIfhka wOHhkh lsÍug lghq;= flf¾' 2600
iïnqoaO;aj chka;sh fjkqfjka jQ cd;sl jev ms<sfj<la ish¨u msßfjka
wdjrKh lrñka l%shd;aul lrkq we;' jd¾Islj wOHdmk úoHdmSG i|yd
kjl .=re isiqka n|jd .ekSfï § msßfjkays fiajh i|yd fhdojd .; yels
mßÈ O¾udpd¾h úNd.h iu;a msßia n|jd.ekSug;a" ta ;=<ska mqyqKq .=re
Nj;=ka msßfjka i|yd ,nd§ug;a wod< j úl,am l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh
lsÍug lghq;= lrkq we;' jir 25 lg miq msßfjka fm<fmd;a ixfYdaOkh
lsÍug úêúOdk fhdod we;s w;r" msßfjka i|yd oñ< NdId .=rejrekaf.a
fiajh ,nd.ekSug;a" mß.Kl ±kqu ,nd§ug;a" msßfjka .=rejreka mqyqKq
lr,Sug;a" ksYaÑ; l%shdud¾. .kq we;'
2'14 wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|ydiqúfYaIs úfoaY wdOdr m%odkh
.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a ueÈy;aùu u; fldßhdkq rch yd Y%S ,xld
rch iu`. we;slr.;a .súiqug wkqj mQ¾K jYfhka wdOdr m%odkhla f,i
úfoaYdOdr ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lrk ,§' fï hgf;a Èjhsfka cd;sl yd m<d;a
mdi,a wdjrKh flfrk mßÈ" jvd;a by< wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okhla we;s
lsÍu i|yd w;s kùk úoHQ;a
mshdfkda 3000 la fi!kao¾h
úIh bf.kqï b.ekaùfï
l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd
,ndf.k we;' tfukau fuu
mshdfkda jdokh lsÍug wjeis
úfYaI mqyqKqjla o wod<
orejkag ,nd §ug mshjr
.efka'
18
Bg wu;rj úfYaIs; l`: ,E,s (Non reflected green board) 30000 la o mß;Hd.
jYfhka ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lr we;s w;r" mdi,a orejkaf.a idOkSh l=i,;d
ÈhqKq lrñka bf.kqï b.ekaùï
l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a lr,Su fuys uQ,sl
wruqKhs' re'ï'1000lg wdikak fuu
úfoaYSh wdOdrh flaj, mqoa.,fhl=
úisk a furg wOHdmkh i|yd
msßkeuQ úYd,;u wdOdr m%odkh
f,i úfYaIfhka i|yka l< yels
h'
2'15 Y%S ,xld úoHd .Ks; T,sïmshdâiïfï,kh
bkaÿkSishdfõ§ mej;s wka;¾cd;sl úoHd .Ks; T,sïmshdâ ;r.h i|yd
úfYaIs; olaI;d ±lajQ 5 fY%aKsfha YsIH;ajOdÍka 29 fofkl= Y%S ,xldj ksfhdackh
lrñka iyNd.s jQ w;r" bka 12 fofkl= b;d Wiia ch.%yk ,eîug iu;a úh'
fujeks T,sïmshdâ jevigykaj,g isiq orejka bÈßm;a lsÍu u.sska wm rg yd
fjk;a rgj, wOHdmk uÜgï iDcqj u ixikaokh l< yels nj;a" fuys§ w;súfYaI
olaI;d olajk isiq orejka i|yd jvd;a wNsfhda.d;aul wOHdmk wjia:djka
i,id§ug;a úfYaIfhka l%shdlrkq we;'
19
2'16 Ôjk l=i,;djhla f,i bx.%SisNdIdj m%j¾Okh lsÍfï jevigyk
w;s.re ckdêm;s;=udf.a u.fmkaùu wkqj y÷kajd§ we;s fuu jevigyk
;=<ska" úfYaIfhka mdi,a YsIH YsIHdjkaf.a bx.%Sis l:k yelshdj m%fõ.d;aul j
ÈhqKq lsÍug;a" È.=ld,Skj Tjqka i;= bx.%Sis NdId iy jD;a;Sh l=i,;d Woa§mkh
lsÍug;a" l%shd lrkq we;'
bkaÈhdfõ yhsødndoays bx.%Sis yd úfoaYNdId úYaj úoHd,hfha mqyqKqlrejka
39 fofkl= úiska foaYSh mqyqKqlrejka f,iska bx.%Sis .=re Nj;=ka mqyqKqfldg
we;s w;r Tjqka u.ska Èjhskmqrd bx.%Sis NdId .=reNj;=kaf.a l:k yelshdj m%n,
f,i ixj¾Okh lsÍug lghq;= flf¾' ±kgu;a fï hgf;a Èjhsfka bx.%Sis .=re
Nj;=ka 78] la mqyqKq lr we;' fuu jevigyk i|yd l:k bx.%Sis ksmqK;d iy
we.hSï l%ufõo we;=<;a lr wdo¾Yl ilialr we;s w;r" 2012 j¾Ifha isg
w'fmd'i' id'fm< i|yd bx.%Sis l:k yelshdj ms,sn| we.hSï lghq;= wdrïN
lrkq we;'
±kqï iudch ;=<ska f.d a, Sh wNsfhd a. myiqfjka ch.; yels
m%n, ikaksfõok yelshd iys; .=re yd isiq msßila ks¾udKh lrñka Tjqka ;=<
úfYaIfhkau bx.%Sis NdIdj l:d lsÍfï olaI;dj mqyqKq lrùu fuys,d uQ,sl
wfmalaIdj fõ'
fmardfoKsh bx.%Sis wOHdmkh ms<sn| w.%.KH uOHia:dkh (Centre for
Excellence in English Education) i|yd mß.Kl ;dlaIKh we;=`: úúO há;,
myiqlï imhñka tu uOHia:dkfha l%shdldß;ajh ms,sn| kj uQ,H l<uKdlrK
n,d;aul Ndjh ,nd§u i|yd l%shd lrñka isák w;r" fï i|yd wdishdkq ixj¾Ok
nexl= uQ,H m%;smdok o wdfhdackh flf¾'
20
2'17 w'fmd'i ^id'fm<&" w'fmd'i^W'fm<& iy miajk fY%aKsfhaYsIH;aj úNd.h i|ydm%Yafkda;a;r fmd;a fm<la
• Y%s ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska w'fmd'i' ^id'fm<& úNd.fha úúO
úIhhka i|yd wx. iïmQ¾K yd Wiia ;;a;ajhlska hq;= m%Yafkda;a;r
ix.%y uqøKh fldg isiq orejkag yd uyck;djg b;d u iykÞhs ñ,lg
,nd .; yels whqßka lghq;= i,id we;s w;r fï fya;=fjka fm!oa.,sl
uqøKlrejkag jeä ñ,g m%Yafkda;a;r fmd;a úlsŒug ;snQ wjldYh uÕ
yrjd,SSug lghq;= lr we;'
• .=Kd;aul núka Wiia m%Yak m;% o W;a;r m;% újrK o b;d iykÞhs
ñ,lg ñ, § .ekSfï yelshdj fï wkqj iy;sl flfrkq we;'
21
2'18 mdi,a fm<fmd;a nr wvq lrñkajvd;a úêu;a mdi,a fmd;anE.hla y÷kajd §u
mdi,a orejka i|yd ks¾foaYs; mdi,a fm<fmd;aj, nr ms<sn| hï
iudf,dapkhla fldg tAjd nfrka wvq fmd;a njg m;a lr ,Sug wjeis úl,am
l%fudamdh wkq.ukh lr we;' fï wkqj mdi,a fm<fmd;aj, nr wvq lsÍug lghq;=
lr we;' tfuka u mdi,a isiqkaf.a fi!LHhg ys;lr ffjoH ks¾foaYdkql+, kj
mdi,a fmd;a nE.hla moaO;shg y÷kajd §ug lghq;= flfrñka ;sfí'
22
2'19 mdi,a wdmk Yd,d wdydrmdki|yd Wiia m%ñ;shla
ish¨ u mdi,a wmkYd,d u.ska wf,ú lrk wdydrmdk i|yd Wiia m%ñ;shla
;sìh hq;= njg;a tAjdfha lD;Su yd wys;lr wdydr j¾. úlsŒu j<lajd ,Sug;a
wjeis Wmßu ls%hdud¾. .kq we;'
fï wkqj by< fmdaIHÞhs;djfhka hq;= .=Kd;aul wdydrmdk Ndú;hg
orejkag wjia:dj i,iñka je/È wdydr rgd iy mqreÿ j<ld,ñka ±fha orejkaf.a
fmdaIKh yd fi!LH ;;a;ajh by< kxjd,Su fuys wruqKhs'
fï i|yd fi!LH wud;HdxYfha o iydh ,nd .ksñka wjeis lghq;= Èh;a
lrñka ;sfí'
2'20 Y%oaOdxc,S jevigyk
.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mQ¾K fufyhùfuka wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha
fi!kao¾h wxYh;a" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha fi!kao¾h wxYh;a tAldnoaOj
2010 fjila fmdfydh ksñ;af;ka wkqrdOmqr iaj¾Kud,S ffp;Hdrduh wNshi §
fndÿ ne;s .S ie|ejla zzY%oaOdxc,SZZ kñka mj;a jk ,§'
fuu Y%oaOdxc,S jevigykg iu.dój fndÿ .S;h yd fi!kao¾h ms<sn|j
úo.aO idlÉPd iNdjla meje;a jQ w;r tA i|yd m%ùK iïm;aÞhl lKavdhula
iyNd.S úh'
ck;djf.a Y%oaOd Nla;sh jvjk iq¨ kj wdrlska hq;a fuu jevigyka
weiqßka kj mrïmrdfõ Ñka;k rgdj Yla;su;a lrùu fuys uQ,sl wfmalaIdjhs'
23
2'21 wOHdmk m%ldYk" fm<fmd;a"úIh ks¾foaY yd m%Yafkda;a;rix.%y wf,ú m%j¾Ok úfYaIjevigyka
• wOHdmk wud;HdxYh wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j iy wod< wfkl=;a
wdh;khj,ska uqøKh flfrk úúO wOHdmksl fmd;am;a" fm<fmd;a yd
miq.sh úNd. m%Yafkda;a;r wjYH ish¨ u md¾Yj fj; iykÞhs ñ,
.Kka hgf;a b;d myiqfjka ñ, § .ekSug we;s wjia:d fï hgf;a iy;sl
lrkq we;'
• fuys oS wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska osjhsfka ish¨ u m%Odk
ÿïßh fmd<j, fuu fmd;a wf,ú m%j¾Ok uOHia:dk wdrïN lsÍug
±kgu;a ish¨ lghq;= ie,iqï lr we;'
• tfuka u cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha m%ldYk yd fmd;a wf,ú m%j¾Ok
uOHia:dkh wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ixúOdkfhka yd
fufyhùfuka jvd;a mq¿,a whqrska ixúOdkh fldg mj;ajd f.k hdug;a"
.=re w;afmd;a" úIh ks¾foaY" .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y" fm<fmd;a we;=¿
wod< ish¿ u wOHdmk m%ldYk jvd;a ld¾hlaIu yd M,odhS whqßka ñ,
§ .ekSug we;s wjia:djka wdl¾YkSh whqßka mq¿,a lsÍug;a lghq;= flf¾'
24
mßÉfþoh 03
2010 - wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okjevigyka m%.;sh iy 2011 j¾Ih
i|yd fhdað; bÈß jevigyka
3'1 wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s yd ie,iqï l%shd;aullsÍu
wOHdmk lafIa;%h i|yd m%;sm;a;s uQ,dY%hka iemfhk uyskao Ñka;k jev
igyfka ks¾foaYs; jevigyka yd cd;sl wOHdmk fldñiu u.ska ks¾foaYs;
m%;sm;a;suh fhdackdjka o ls%hd;aul lsrSu msKsi miq.sh j¾Ih ;=< ie,iqï ilia
lrk ,§' fuys,d wOHdmk m%;sm;a;Ska ls%hd;aul lsrSfï rduqj jQ wOHdmk wdxYsl
ixj¾Ok m%fõY rduqj hgf;a l,dm m<d;a yd uOH.; wdh;k uÜgñka ilia l<
ls%hd;aul lsrSfï ie,iqï ilia lrk ,ÿj Bg wÞ< jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk
,o w;r tA wkqj wfmalaIs; b,lalhka idlaId;a lr,Sug iu;a jQ nj úfYaIfhka
i|yka l< hq;= fõ'
3'1'1 wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk
wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk hkq "wdxYsl m%fõYhla"
^Sector - wide Approach) yryd 2006 j¾Ifha isg wOHdmk moaO;sfha ls%hd;aul
jk ks¾udKYs,S jevigykls' fuu jevigyk my; i|yka m%;sm;a;suh
f;audjkaf.ka iukaú; fõ'
25
f;audj 1 ( m%d:ñl yd oaú;shsl wOHdmkh i|yd iuidOdrKm%fõY
wjia:d iy iyNd.s;ajh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu'
f;audj 2 ( m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmkfha .+Kd;aulNdjh by<
kexùu'
f;audj 3 ( iïm;a fnodyeÍfï § wd¾Ól ld¾hlaIu;djh yd
iuidOdrK;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu'
f;audj 4 ( wOHdmkfha hymd,kh yd fiajd iemhSu Yla;su;a lsÍu'
fuu jevigyk ish¨u m<d;a wOHdmk wêldÍka" cd;sl uÜgfï wOHdmk
wdh;k yryd ls%hd;aul fõ' tfia u wOHdmk ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg iïnkaO
jk wfkl=;a wdh;k yd úYaj úoHd,hhka o fuu jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍug
odhl fõ'
wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk f.dvke.S we;af;a uOHld,Sk
ie,iqï yd whjeh rduqjla ;=< jk w;r th m%;sM, rduqjla u; mokï j ;sîu
iqúfYaIS fõ'
wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk hgf;a m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï
yd ld¾h idOk iudf,dapk wxYh úiska 2010 j¾Ifha § bgq l< jevigyka w;r"
my; jevigyka m%Odk fõ'
♦ cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;Ska iuia; wOHdmk moaO;sh ;=< l%shdjg kexùu
Wfoid ish,q u m<d;a yd tlaj os.=ld,Sk" uOHld,Sk yd jd¾Isl l%shdldrS
ie,iqñ ms<sfh, lsÍu'
♦ mdi,aj, uQ,H n,;, yd ;SrK .ekSfï n,h úuOH.; lsrSu yd mdi,aj,
uQ,H iïm;a Wmfhdackh Yla;su;a lsÍfï wruqKska f;dard.;a m<d;a yd
cd;sl mdi,a 100la i|yd mdi,a mdol lr.;a uQ,H m%;smdok ,ndoSSfï
kshuq jevigyk ie,iqï lr l%shd;aul lsÍu'
26
♦ cd;sl wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lsÍu mdi,a jHqy lghq;=
i|yd m%;sm;a;s ieliSu" mdi,a is;shïlrKh yd úpdrj;a lsÍug wod<
m%;sm;a;s ieliSu bgqlsÍu i|yd wjYH lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu'
♦ wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk cd;sl uÜgñka
iïnkaëlrKh lsÍu iy l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH ;dlaI‚l iyh iy
ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd§u'
♦ wOHdmk ixj¾Okh Wfoid l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk jevigyka i|yd wjYH
uQ,H uQ,dY%hka y÷kd.ekSu w|d< md¾Yj iu. iïnkaëlrKh iy
l%fudamdhka y÷kd.ekSu'
♦ mdi,a uQ,HlrK pl%f,aL ixfYdaOkh lsÍu'
♦ uyskao Ñka;kfha i|yka oaù;shsl mdi,a 1000la ixj¾Okh lsÍfï
jevigykl wÞ< uQ,sl lghq;= bgqlsÍu'
♦ wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyfka fojk mshjrg wÞ<
uQ,sl lghq;= bgqlsÍu'
♦ md¾,sfïka;=j" uqo,a yd l%u iïmdok wud;HdxYh" w.%dud;H ld¾hd,h"
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh jeks wdh;k i|yd
ld¾h idOk jd¾;d ms<sfh< lsÍu'
♦ wOHdmk wdxY%sl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyk iïnkaO kshduk lghq;=
iy m%;sld¾h jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu'
♦ tAldnoaO wruqo,a yd úfoaYdOdr hgf;a l%shd;aul jk ̂ úfYaIfhka remsh,a
ñ,shk 50g jeä jHdmD;s ms<sn| m%.;s jd¾;d bÈßm;a lsÍu&
♦ wOHdmk moaO;sfha whjeh iïnkaO o;a; úYaf,aIKh yd jd¾;dlrKh
♦ cd;sl uÜgfï YsIH idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï iïnkaëlrKh
27
fuu jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsrSfï oS wOHdmkh i|yd iuia; rdcH
wdfhdackhg idfmalaIj w;sf¾l m%;smdokh md,kh lsrSu msKsi f,dal
nexl= wdOdr m%odkhla o wka;¾.; jQ w;r wfkl=;a ish¿ uQ,HdOdr imhk
wdOdr m%cdjf.a úsfoaY wdOdr m%odkhka o uQ,sl fiajd hgf;a Bg wka;¾.;
lrkq ,eìk'
3'1'2 uyskao Ñka;k jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍu
2005 § uyskao Ñka;k jevigyk u`.ska wOHdmk lafIa;%h i|yd keK
.=K jevqu hgf;a ks¾foaYs; jevigyka 36ka jevigyka 34la u mQ¾K jYfhka
wfmalaIs; b,lalhka lrd <`.d jQ w;r" bka jevigyka lsysmhla wOHdmk lafIa;%h
;=< È.=ld,Sk j yd wLKav j l%shd;aul lsÍfï wjYH;dj u; ;jÿrg;a l%shd;aul
fjñka mj;S' fï w;r" 2011-2016 i|yd uyskao Ñka;k bÈsß ±lafuys fhdað;
jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH ie,iqï fï jk úg;a ilia lrñka
;sfnk w;r" bka iuyr jevigyka ±kgu;a l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH lghq;=
iïmdokh lr we;'
3'1'3 ieug wOHdmk wruqKq yd iyY% ixj¾Ok wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSu
ieug wOHdmk wruqKq (Education for All Goals) yd iyY% ixj¾Ok wruqKq
(Milleneium Development Goals) bgqlr,Sfï oS YS% ,xldj cd;Hka;rj lemSfmfkk
uÜgñska tu wruqKq idlaId;a lr.ekSfï úYsIag m%.;shla lrd t<ö we;' fï
wkqj fuu b,lalhka 2015 oS ,Õd lr.ekSu msKsi my; oelafjk ld¾hhka
miq.sh j¾Ifha oS bgq lrk ,oS'
♦ ieug wOHdmk wruqKq iy iyY% ixj¾Ok wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu
Wfoid m%;sm;a;s fhdackd cd;sl wOHdmk fldñiu fj; bÈßm;a lr we;s
w;r" wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug fhda.H l%fudamdhhka wod< wud;HdxY yd
wdh;k iu. tla j l%shd;aul lsÍug mshjr f.k we;'
28
♦ ieug wOHdmk uOH oYl we.hSfuka fidhd.;a lreKq u; mokï j
ieug wOHdmkh i|yd m%fõYhla f,i wka;¾lrK wOHdmkh mdi,a
uÜgñka l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd l%shdldÍ rduqjla o" .=rejreka i|yd w;afmd;la
o ms<sfh, lr we;s w;r" ,nk j¾Ifha § wod< md¾Yaj iu`. tla j th
l%shd;aul lsÍug mshjr .kq ,efí'
♦ o;a; yd f;dr;=re mokï lr.;a úêu;a kshduk yd we.hSus l%shdj,shla
ilia lsrSu i|yd m<d;a uÜgfï yd l,dm uÜgfï ks,OdÍkaf.a Odß;d
j¾Ok jevigykla iEu m<d;l u l%shd;aul lrk ,§'
3'2 wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okjevigykaj, m%.;sh iy fhdað;bÈß jevigyka
2010 j¾Ih ;=< § wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okfhys,d úúO úIhhka wkqj
bgq lrk ,o ld¾hhka iy tAjdfha m%.;sh;a 2011 j¾Ifha oS ls%hd;aul lsrSug
wfmalaIs; jevigyka ms<sn| ixlaIsma; f;dr;=re;a fuys,d bosrsm;a flf¾' fuu
jev igyka ls%hd;aul lsrSu msKsi tAldnoaO wruqo,a fuka u úfoaYdOdr m%Þkhka
u.ska ,o iuia; uQ,H wdfhdackh my;ska ±lafõ' wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" Y%S ,xld
úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j iy wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ weia;fïka;=.;
uQ,H m%;smdok jeh úIhhka wkqj j.= weiqfrka bÈßm;a fldg we;' m<d;a wOHdmk
fomd¾;fïka;= u.ska lrkq ,enQ úhoï weia;fïka;= fuys wka;¾.; ù fkdue;'
29
3'2'1 j.=j - wOHdmk wud;HdxY jeh YS¾Ih hgf;a m%d.aOk yd mqkrdj¾;k
úhoï f,i 2009 j¾Ifha i;H úhou" 2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs;
úhou iy 2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.; úhou
mqkrdj¾;k úhoï 21"511"615 22"169"710 25"331"345
1 fufyhqï jevigyk
wud;H ld¾hd,h 48"150 49"675 53"704
mßmd,kh yd wdh;k fiajd 278"926 343"535 424"916
^idudkH wOHdmkh&
2 ixj¾Ok jevigyk
m%d:ñl wOHdmkh 2"299"037 2"313"293 2"633"069
oaú;Sh wOHdmkh 9"364"502 9"548"247 10"607"500
úfYaI wOHdmkh 2"425"190 2"643"546 2"848"115
wOHdmkh ioyd m%odk yd wdOdr 5"913"402 5"947"105 7"209"688
wOHdmkh ie,iqï lsÍu 18"022 18"394 19"695
jevigyka .; lsÍu
.=re mqyqKqj yd ixj¾Ok rduqj 854"032 1"007"194 1"219"958
idudkH wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul 310"354 298"721 314"700
jeäoshqKq lsÍu i|yd
wdh;ksl iydh
uQ,Ok úhoï 3"753"263 3"808"840 4"208"107
1 fufyhqï jevigyk
wud;H ld¾hd,h 4"498 5"549 6"150
mßmd,kh yd wdh;k fiajd 70"047 61"201 100"500
^idudkH wOHdmk&
2 ixj¾Ok jevigyk
m%d:ñl wOHdmkh 263"907 285"500 380"250
oaú;Sh wOHdmkh 471"474 664"930 1"298"786
úfYaI wOHdmkh 10"388 15"300 30"980
wOHdmkh ioyd m%odk yd wdOdr
wOHdmkh ie,iqqï lsrSu
jevigyka .; lsrSu
.=re mqyqKqj yd ixj¾Ok rduqj 35"179 75"550 89"050
idudkH wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul 18"500 23"500 31"000
jeäoshqKqlsrSu ioyd wdh;ksl iydh
idudkH wOHmk ixj¾Ok jHDmD;s 2"879"270 2"677"310 2"271"391
tl;=j 25"264"878 25"978"550 29"539"452
fl
a;h
jHdmD;shi;H úhou
2009^re'z000&
wfmalaIs;úhou 2010^re'z000&
weia;fïka;=.; úhou
2011 ^re'z000&
30
3'2'2 j.=j - wOHdmk wud;HdxY jeh YS¾Ih hgf;a Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=fõ
iy wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ 2009 j¾Ifha i;H úhou"
2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou iy 2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.;
úhou
i;H úhou wfmalaIs; weia;fïka;=
2009 úhou .; úhou
2010 2011^re'z000& ^re'z000& ^re'z000&
mqkrdj¾;k úhoï 1"450"079 1"283"460 1"668"877
2 úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ixj¾Ok
jevigyk
úNd. we.hSï 1"427"624 1"262"730 1"642"113
2 wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ixj¾Ok jevigyk
wdh;ksl fiajd 22"455 20"730 26"764
uQ,Ok úhoï 86"735 245"800 158"663
2 úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j ixj¾Ok
jevigyk
úNd. we.hSï 53"769 162"750 63"308
2 wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ixj¾Ok jevigyk
wdh;ksl fiajd 32"966 83"050 95"355
tl;=j 1"536"814 1"529"260 1"827"540
fl
a;h
jHdmD;sh
31
3'2'3 j.=j - wOHdmk wud;HdxY jeh YS¾Ih hgf;a iuia;hla f,i 2009 j¾Ifha
i;H úhou" 2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou iy 2011 j¾Ifha
weia;fïka;=.; úhou
3'2'1' m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh
m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmkfha uQ,sl wruqKq bgqlr,ñka foaYSh
wkkH;djh iy;sl lrkq ,enQ iy f.da,Sh wjYH;d wNsfhda.j,g uqyqKÈh
yels udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okfhys,d lghq;= lsÍfï § úIh ud,dj l%shd;aul
lsÍfï ld¾hhkays m%.;sh;a úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlïys m%.;sh;a b;d ixlaIsma;
j fuys§ úia;r lrkq ,en we;'
• m%d:ñl wOHdmkh
<ud ñ;=re mdi,a f,i m%d:ñl mdi,a moaO;sh ixj¾Okh lr" ish,q u
isiqka w;HdjYH bf.kqus ksmqK;d w;am;a lr .ekSu ;yjqre lsrSfï wruqKska
m%d:ñl mdi,aj,g yd m%d:ñl wxYj,g fN!;sl iïm;a iemhSu yd m<d;a"
l,dm" fldÜGdi uÜgfï ks,OdÍkaf.a Odß;d j¾Okh" úÿy,am;s yd .=re mqyqKqj
,nd§u 2010 j¾Ifha § m%uqL;djhlska hq;= j l%shd;aul lrk ,§' 2011 j¾Ifha
jHdmD;sh i;H úhou wfmalaIs; weia;fïka;=
2009 úhou .; úhou
^re'z000& 2010 2011
^re' z000& ^re'z000&
mqkrdj¾;k úhoï 22"961"694 23"453"170 27"000"222
uQ,Ok úhoï 3"839"998 4"054"640 4"366"770
tl;=j 26"801"692 27"507"810 31"366"992
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
32
§ nyq;," nyqfY%aKs l%ufõoh ms<sn| j m%d:ñl wOHdmk ks,OdÍka mqyqKq lsÍu"
l%shdldrlï mdol bx.%Sis jevigyk" m%d:ñl fY%aKsj, wka;¾lrK wOHdmkh
Yla;su;a lsÍu hkd § jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
• bx.%Sis NdId wOHdmkh
foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r wNsfhda.j,g id¾:l j uqyqKfoñka M,odhs f,i ;u
ld¾hNdrh bgqlsrSug wjYH bx.%Sis NdIdfõ ksmqK;dj ,ndoSu i|yd mdi,a
isiqka" bx.%Sis .=rejreka " .=re WmfoaYljreka" l<ukdlrejka hk ish¨ lKavdhï
i|yd ksmqK;d yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq jevigyka /ila 2010 j¾Ifha § l%shd;aul
lrk ,§' 2011 j¾Ifha § wOHdmk l<ukdlrejkaf.a NdId l=i,;d j¾Okh"
YsIH Wmldrl jevigyka" úfoaY NdId Wmldrl jevigyka iy f;dr;=re
;dlaIKh Ndú;d lr" bx.%Sis b.ekaùu ÈhqKq lsÍug wÞ< jevigyka l%shd;aul
lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
• úoHd yd .Ks; wOHdmkh
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úoHd wOHdmkfha idOkh kexùu ;=<ska w'fmd'i^W'fm<&
úoHd wOHdmkh yeoEÍu flfrys isiqka fhduqlsÍu j¾Okh lrkq msKsi" kd.ßl
fuka u .ïno iEu mdi,lg u w;HdjYH úoHd.dr myiqlï ,nd§fï wruqKska
wvq úhoï cx.u úoHd.drhla wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska ks¾udKh lr we;'
2010 j¾Ifha § W;=re kef.kysr mdi,a 30la i|yd o" 2011 j¾Ifha § fudKrd.,
Èia;%slalfha mdi,a 30la iy wfkl=;a m<d;aj, mdi,a 200la o wdjrKh jk mßÈ
fuu cx.u úoHd.dr fnod§ug wfmalaIs; h'
Ôú;h i|yd úoHdj hl ixl,amh orejka w;rg f.k hdu i|yd iqks;H
n,Yla;s wêldßh yd tla j jevigykla l%shd;aul lrkq ,efí' Èjhsk mqrd
úoHd lafIa;% uOHia:dk 39la wdY%s; j úúO lKavdhï i|yd jevigyka l%shd;aul
flf¾' óg wu;r j" 2011 j¾Ifha § úoHd mdol kj ksmehqï l=i,;d kexùfï
jevigykla o l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
33
w'fmd'i^id'fm<& .Ks;h m%;sM, by< kexùfï wruqKska .Ks; lÜg, yd
".Ks;hg w;aje,la" kñka fmd;la uqøKh lr" fnodfok ,§' .Ks;h iy
úoHdj wdo¾Y m%Yak m;% iy mdvï iys; ixhqla; ;eá o iEu l,dmhla i|yd
u fnod fok ,§'
w'fmd'i ̂ W'fm<& .=rejrekaf.a .‚;h m%dfhda.sl úIh ±kqu iy cHdñ;sl
l=i,;d ixj¾Okh i|yd jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk ,§' 2011 j¾Ifha § w'fmd'i
^id'fm<& .‚; m%;sM, by< kexùfï YsIH m%;sld¾h jevigyka ;jÿrg;a jHdma;
lr l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
• cd;sl NdId yd fojk NdId wOHdmkh
YsIHhskaf.a p;=¾úO NdId l=i,;d j¾Okh lsrSu ;=<ska idlaIr;djh
by< kexùu yd YsIH idOkh by< kexùu i|yd úIh iïuka;%K" iuia; ,xld
NdId ;r.dj,sh meje;aùu" úNd. fmryqre mrslaIK meje;aùu" 2010 j¾Ifha
§ isÿlrk ,o ld¾hhka w;r fõ' fojk NdIdjla f,i isxy, fyda fou< b.ekaùu
i|yd bf.kqï øjH ilia lsrSu yd .=re mqyqKqj ,nd§u jvd;a ld¾hlaIu j yd
M,odhS j bgqlsßug ie,iqï lr we;' 2011 j¾Ifha § jvd;a ld¾hlaIu f,i
cd;sl NdId b.ekaùfï jevigyka ie,iqï lr we;s w;r wjYH .=rejreka
iemhSu flfrys úfYAI wjOdkhla fhduqlsÍug o wfmalaIs; h'
• fi!kao¾h wOHdmkh
mdi,a ÿ mq;=kaf.a fuka u
.=reNj;=kaf.a ksi`. m%;sNdj wjê
fldg Ndjd;aul ksmqK;djfhka yd
úkaokSh m%;sNdfjka hq;a iudchla
ìyslsrSu Wfoid Ñ;% l,d" k¾;k"
fmros. ix.S;" ngysr ix.S;" kdgH
yd rx. l,dj hk úIhhka ms<sn|
.=re yd isiq l=i,;d ixj¾Ok jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk ,o w;r" isiq olaI;d
t<s±laùu i|yd tu úIh lafIa;%hkag wod< j iuia; ,xld ;r. meje;aùu o
34
isÿ lrk ,§' 2011 j¾Ifha § o iuia;
,xld ;r." Yks Èk nyq Y s, am
uOHia:dk" YsIH fjia ux.,Hh"
fid|qre mqnqÿj wd§ jevigyka /ila
l%shd;aul lsÍu ms‚i ie,iqï lr we;'
• lDIsl¾u yd ;dlaIK wOHdmkh
cd;sl wjYH;djkag .e<fmk mrsos ksmqK;d j,ska hq;a wNsfhda.j,g uqyqKosh
yels mqrjeisfhl= ìyslsrSfus wruqKska iQm fijK" wms jjuq - rg k.uq" mdi,a
kjksmehqï" mßir kshuq lKavdhï" ñysl; iqrlsuq" mdi,a f.dúm<" kd.ßl
lDIsl¾uh" mdi,a Tiq Whka" mdi,a ld,.=K uOHia:dk hk úfYaI jHdmD;s
/ila l%shd;aul lrk ,o w;r" 2011 j¾Ifha § fuu jevigyk jvd;a mq`:,a
uÜgñka ie,iqï fldg l%shd;aul lrkq we;'
35
• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK wOHdmkh
wxls; in|;djh wOHdmkh ;=<ska (Digital Bridge Through Education) hk f;audj
u; f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK úIh b.ekaùu iy bf.kqï udOHhla
f,i Ndú;h m%j¾Okh lsrSfï wruqKska úIhdkqnoaO uDoqldx. ksmoùu" f;dr;=re
yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK ;r.dj,sh meje;aùu" tla <ufhl= i|yd tla mß.Klhla
^One Laptop per Child) jHdmD;sh
l%shd;aul lsrSu yd mdi,a i|yd
mrs.Kl myiqlï ,ndo Su "
w'fmd'i ̂ W'fm<& iy w'fmd'i ̂ id'
fm<& .=re mqyqKqj 2010 j¾Ifha
§ l%shd;aul lrk ,o jevigyka
w;r m%uqL fõ' 2010-2011 bÈß
jevigyka w;r" m%uqL j cd;sl
mdi,a 26la yd m<d;a mdi,a 95la
i|yd mß.Kl yd Wmdx.
,nd§u" wka;¾ l%shdldrS iqoq ,E,a, (Interactive White Board) Ndú;h ms<sn| .=re
mqyqKqj" 6-11 fY%aKs i|yd úIhdkqnoaO uDÿldx. ksmoùu" ksoyia yd újD;
uDÿldx. mqyqKq jevigyka iy Odß;d j¾Ok jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd
ie,iqï ilia lr we;'
• wd.ñl yd idrO¾u wOHdmkh
2010 j¾Ifha § l%shd;aul lrk ,o jevigyka w;r w'fmd'i^id'fm<&
nqoaO O¾uh úIh idOk uÜgu jeälsÍfï jevigyka iy idrO¾u m%j¾Okh
ms<sn| ±kqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka mj;ajk ,§' 2011 j¾Ifha § fn!oaO" yskaÿ"bia,dï"
lf;da,sl yd l%sia;shdks wd.ñl WmfoaYl uKav, /iaùï meje;aùu" udkisl
iqj;d j¾Ok jevigyk yd YsIH Wmldrl jevuq`: meje;aùug wfmalaIs; h'
2011 j¾Ihg t<fUk 2600 jeks Y%S iïnqoaO;aj chka;sh ieuÍu msKsi wOHdmk
wud;HdxYh yd wkqnoaO wdh;k" m<d;a" l,dm yd fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,
hk iEu wdh;khl u úfYaI jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug mshjr f.k we;'
36
fuu jevigyka ;=<ska mdi,a ¥orejka ;=< idrO¾u j¾Okh lr" iodpdr
iïmkak mqrjeisfhl= iudchg ìyslsÍu uQ,sl wruqKhs'
• idu wOHdmkh
mq`:,a wfkHdakH wjfndaOhlska yd ñ;%;ajhlska fyì wkd.; Y%S ,dxlsl
mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍfï wfmalaIdfjka "fifkyil ;laIs,dj" wka;¾
jd¾.slñ;%;aj mdi,a jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍu" úkdYhg m;a w,suxlv ÿïßh
ia:dkh "fifkyil f;dgqm<" kñka f.dvke.Su" " fokqjr ñ;=frda " jevigyk
2010 jif¾ l%shd;aul lrk ,o jevigyka w;r m%Odk fõ' cd;Ska w;r ñ;%;ajh
yd iykYS,Snj j¾Okh l< hq;= fudfyd;l Bg wÞ< iqúfYaIS jevigyka l%shd;aul
lsÍug 2011 j¾Ih ;=< ie,iqï ilia lrkq ,en we;'
• úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï" YsIH ud¾f.damfoaYkh yd WmfoaYkh
wNsfhda. ch .; yels ksfrda.s yd l%shdYS,S olaI mqrjeishkaùug YsIH
m%cdj fm<.eiaùu wruqKq lr.;a" jevigyka /ila 2010 j¾Ifha § l%shdjg
kxjk ,§' ta w;r jD;a;Sh ud¾f.damfoaYkh ms<sn| .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh
ilia lsÍu" u;aøjH ksjdrKh ms<sn| .=reNj;=ka yd isiqka ±kqj;a lsÍfï
jevigyka" iuia; mdi,a gj¾fyda,a kdgH ;r.h wdÈh iqúfYAI fõ' 2011
j¾Ifha § W;=re kef.kysr mdi,a i|yd jD;a;Sh ud¾f.damfoaY jevigyka
ÿïfld< yd uoHidr ms<sn| h:d iajNdjh ms<sn| j mdi,a isiqka" .=rejreka"
úoHdmSG .=re isiqka yd ks,Odßka ±kqj;a lsÍï isÿlsÍug wÞ< j kj jevigyka
/ila ie,iqïlr l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaId flf¾'
• mdi,a mqia;ld, ixj¾Okh
mdi,a isiqkag fmd;m; lshùu ;=<ska ±kqu j¾Okh lr.ekSug wjYH
myiqlï i,ikq msKsi Èh;a lrkq ,nk jevigyka w;r" Book Flood jevigyk
hgf;a mqia;ld, fmd;a ñ, È .ekSug mdi,a 150lg uqo,a ,nd§u 2010 j¾Ifha
l%shd;aul l< m%uqL jevigykls' ;j o Book Bags jevigyk hgf;a m%d:ñl
mdi,a 500lg uqo,a ,nd§u" mdi,a 5l mqia;ld, yd bf.kqï iïm;a uOHia:dk
37
bÈlsÍu yd ,Snvq WmlrK iemhSu" cd;sl mdi,a 339g mqia;ld, fmd;a ñ, §
.ekSug uqo,a ,ndÈu " fudKrd., Èia;%slalfha mdi,a 100la i|yd fmd;a lÜg,
,nd§u" 2010 j¾Ifha § ksu lsÍug wfmalaIs; h' 2011 j¾Ifha § fuu jevigyka
;j;a mdi,a /ilg jHdma; lsÍug ie,iqï lr we;'
3'2'2 - .=re wOHdmkh yd jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh
ksmqK;d msrs .=re mrmqrla mdi,a moaO;shg odhl lsrSfus wruqKska mQ¾j
fiajd yd fiajdia: .=re wOHdmk jevigyka" cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSG" .=re
úoHd, iy .=re uOHia:dk wdY%s; j l%shd;aul lrk ,§' .=re isiqka cd;sl
wOHdmk úoHdmSGj,g n|jd.ekSfï oS jeämqr ys`. .=re úfYaI mj;sk úIhhka
i|yd jeä msßila n|jd.ekSug lghq;= flf¾' tfia u mj;sk mdGud,dj,
wka;¾.;h ld,Sk j fhda.H mrsos ixfYdaOkh lr .=Kd;aul nj jeälsrSug o
wfmalaIs; h' bx.%Sis udOH .=re mqrmamdvq i|yd f;dard.;a kjl .=rejreka 554
fokd i|yd mQ¾j fiajd .=re mqyqKqj ,nd§u" moaO;sfha isák kqmqyqKq .=rejreka
mqyqKq lsÍu" .=re uOHia:dk flakaøSh .=re mqyqKq jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu
2010-j¾Ifha § fuka u" 2011 j¾Ifha § o isÿlsÍug kshñ; h'
3'2'3 - fkdúêu;a wOHdmkh
wkssjd¾h wOHdmk jhia isudj jk jhi wjqreÿ 5 isg 14 olajd isák mdi,a
fkdhk orejka y|qkdf.k" Tjqka mdi,aj,g yd idlaIr mka;sj,g we;=<;a lsrSu
yd mdi,a moaO;sfhka weoye¨K orejka " ;reK ;reKshka " jeäysáhka"
nkaOkd.dr /|úhka" wjdisodhl mrsirj, cSj;ajk <uqka i|yd úfYaIs; jQ
wOHdmk wjia:d iemhSu bgq lrk ,§' idlaIr " ld¾hnoaO yd m%cd bf.kqï
uOHia:dk" udj;ajdiS <uhska i|yd keK irK m%cd bf.kqï uOHia:dk" fkdúêu;a
bf.kqï uOHia:dk hkdÈh yryd úúO lKavdhï b,lal lr.;a úfYaI jevigyka
wLKavj l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
38
jhi wjqreÿ 5-14 ck.ykfha mdi,a fkdhk orejka mdi,a .;lsÍu iy
fkdúêu;a wOHdmk tall fj; wka;¾.%yKh lr.ekSu 2006-2010
wOHdmkh <ud whs;sjdislula f,i i,lñka wksjd¾h wOHdmk jhfia
isák ish¨ orejka mdi,a.; lsÍu i|yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYh ish¨ u m<d;a
wOHdmk n,OdÍka yd tla j .kq ,enQ W;aidyfha m%;sM,hla f,i miq.sh jir
my ;=< mdi,a fkdhk orejka 56280la mdi,a iy fkdúêu;a wOHdmk tall fj;
wka;¾.%yKh lrjd,Sug iu;aùu lemS fmfkk m%.;shls' fï w;r uyskao Ñka;k
bÈß ±lafuys i|yka mßÈ mdi,a hd hq;= wksjd¾h jhia iSudj wjqreÿ 16 olajd
by< kexùfï m%;sm;a;suh fhdackdj l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH ie,iqï ilia
lrñka mj;S'
3'2'4 úfYaI wOHdmkh
úúO W!K;d we;s úfYaI wOHdmk wjYH;d iys; isiqkag Tjqkaf.a yelshdjka
Wmrsu uÜgug oshqKq lr.ekSug wjYH myiqlï ,ndoSu wruqKq lr f.k" ix{d
NdIdj bf.kqï udOHhla jYfhka ms<s.ekSu" wkaO isiqkag fns%,a fm<fmd;a ,ndoSu"
Y%jK yd oDIaGs W!K;d iys; isiqkag ijkajy,a yd weia lKaKdä ,ndoSu" úfYaI
mdi,a tall i|yd WmlrK lág, ,nd§u hk jevigyka 2010 j¾Ifha §
l%shd;aul lrk ,o m%uqL jevigyka fõ' fï w;r 2011 j¾Ifha § nqoaêuh
W!K;d iys; <uqka i|yd o úfYaI jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug ie,iqï lr
we;'
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 - 2010
tl;=j
8"968 12"796 14"027 15"064 5"425 56"280we;=<;a l<
ixLHdj
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
j¾Ih
39
3'2'5 - W;=re m<d;a wOHdmk ixj¾Okh
;sia jirla ;siafia mej;s .egqï fya;=fjka wvmK ù ;snQ W;=re m<df;a
wOHdmk lghq;= kej; f.dvkexùu i|yd ckdêm;s ld¾hidOl n,ldh
iy wod< wfkl=;a wud;HdxY yd wdh;k iu`. tlaj wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
úiska mshjr /ila .kakd ,§' W;=re
m<df;a wj;eka jQ iy kej; mosxps
j Q orejkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;=
wLKav j lrf.k hdu i|yd wjYH
mrsirh f.dvke.Sfï wruqKska
úfYaI jevigyka /ila Èh;a lrk
,o w;r" my; i|yka jevigyka
tys,d m%Odk jYfhka i|yka l<
yels h'
♦ 2010 cQ,s jk úg jid ;snQ mdi,a 233la kej; újD; lsÍu'
♦ mqkre;a:dmkh lrk ,o <ud fid,aodÿjka 518 fofkl=g wOHdmk wjia:d
,nd§u'
♦ úIhud,dj wdjrKh jk mßÈ w;miq jQ mdvï b.ekaùfï jevigykla
Èh;a fldg" cd;sl uÜgfï úNd. i|yd isiqka iQodkï lsÍu'
♦ mdi,a 885l YsIHhska 193"157la i|yd Èjd wdydr ,nd§fï jevigyk
l%shd;aul lsÍu'
♦ úkdY jQ mdi,a kej; bÈlsÍu iy wjYH WmlrK ,nd§u
♦ fõ.j;a bf.kqï jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍu ^Acclerated Learning
Programme)
♦ mdi,a isiqkag YsIHdOdr ,nd§u'
♦ mdi,a 20la biqre mdi,a f,i ixj¾Okh lsÍug mshjr .ekSu'
♦ mdi,a mß.Kl bf.kqï uOHia:dk i|yd mrs.Kl yd Wmdx. ,ndoSu'
40
fuu jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd rcfha taldnoaO wruqo,g wu;r j
f,dal nexl=j" wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl==j iy hqksfi*a" fiaõ o Ñ,aärka" fldhsld
wd§ wdh;k u`.ska uQ,H wkq.%yh ,ndfok ,§'
W;=re m<d;a wOHdmk ixj¾Okfhys,d 2011 j¾Ifha § isÿlsÍug kshñ;
jevigyka w;r my; ±lafjk jevigyka iqúfYaIS fõ'
♦ mdi,a 487l mß.Kl tall bÈlsÍu
♦ mdi,a 500la i|yd ,Snvq WmlrK ,ndoSu
♦ jjqkshdj l,dmfha .=re uOHia:dk bÈlsÍu
♦ .=rejreka 2500lg iy úÿy,am;sjreka 600lg mß.Kl mqyqKqj ,nd§u
♦ .=rejreka 13000la mqyqKq lsrSu
♦ mdi,a 487lg re( 100"000 ne.ska mdi,a ixj¾Ok uQ,H m%odkhka ,nd§u
♦ mdi,a 875l Èjd wdydr jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍu
♦ mdi,a 198lg c, myiqlï iy jeisls<s myiqlï iemhSu
3'2'6 - j;=lrfha mdi,a ixj¾Okh
j;=lrfha mdi,aj, wOHdmk uÜgu oshqKq lsrSu Wfoid úoHdj" .Ks;h"
bx.%Sis hk úIhhka i|yd wu;r b.ekaùï jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk ,§' úoHd"
.Ks;" bx.%Sis wu;r b.ekaùï fmd;a ms<sn| j ±kqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka mj;ajk
,§' j;= mdi,a i|yd nyq;, yd nyq fY%aKs b.ekaùï ms<sn| j wOHdmk ks,OdÍka"
úÿy,am;sjreka" .=re WmfoaYljreka yd .=rejreka ±kqj;a lsÍug o" ndysr we.hSï
lghq;= l%shd;aul lsÍug o" <ud ñ;=re mdi,a ixl,amh l%shd;aul lsÍug o
wfmalaIs; h' j;= mdi,aj, 5 fY%aKsfha YsIH;aj" w'fmd'i ^id'fm<& iy w'fmd'i
^W'fm<& m%;sM, jißka jir j¾Okhùu i;=gqodhl lreKls'
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3'2'7 - uqia,sï mdi,a ixj¾Okh
Èjhsk mqrd msysá uqia,sï mdi,aj, wOHdmk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu msKsi
2010 j¾Ifha § .kq ,enQ l%shdud¾. w;r" uqia,sï mdi,aj, .=re mqrmamdvq mshùu
i|yd wjYH f;dr;=re .=re wdh;k wxYh fj; ,ndfoñka tu wjYH;d bgqlsÍug
lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu m%Odk fõ' fuu j¾Ifha § fndfyda ld,hl isg mej;s
fu!,ù .=re mqrmamdvq msrùu i|yd m;aùï ,nd§u úfYaI fõ' 2011 j¾Ifha §
fuu fu!,ù .=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍu;a" wvq idOk uÜgula mj;akd úIhhka i|yd
iajhx bf.kqï lÜg, ,nd§u;a" we;=`: m%;sld¾h jevigyka l%shdjg kexùu"
ÿIalr m%foaYj, uqia,sï mdi,a ixj¾Okh" W;=re kef.kysr uqia,sï mdi,a
ixj¾Okh wd§ jevigyka o l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=<ska uqia,sï mdi,a wOHdmkfha kj
m%fndaOhla we;slr,Sug wfmalaId flf¾'
3'2'8 - mdi,a we.hSï yd wëlaIKh
ksmqK;d yd m%ñ;s mokï lr .ksñka wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okh ;yjqre
lsrSu i|yd mdi,aj, wNHka;r we.hSï l%shdj,sh iún, .ekaùu iy ndysr
wëlaIK l%shdj,sh úêu;a lsrSug mshjr .kakd ,§' cd;sl mdi,a o we;=`: j
mdi,a 4425l mdi,a wNHka;r we.hSï jevigyka l%shd;aul fldg" mdi,a wOHdmk
.=Kd;aul o¾Ylh ilia lr we;' tu mdi,aj,g ;u .=Kd;aulNdjh ;jÿrg;a
j¾Okh lr.ekSu i|yd th bjy,a fõ' ndysr we.hSï l%shdj,sh Èß.ekaùu yd
jvd;a l%uj;a lsÍfï wruqKska f¾Çh wud;HdxYh" m<d;a" l,dm ld¾hd, ks,OdÍka
i|yd mqyqKq jevigyka mj;ajk ,§' t;=<ska Yla;su;a we.hSï ixÑ;hla iEu
uÜgul u ìyslr .ekSu wfmalaId flf¾'
3'2'9 - wOHdmk moaO;sfha ixj¾Okh i|yd cd;sl mdi,aj, odhl;ajh
±kg Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl mdi,a 341la we;s w;r" tajdfha wOHdmk
l<ukdlrKh yd mßmd,kh jvd;a úêu;a lsÍfï kj l%fudamdhsl ie,iqula
ixúOdkh fldg we;' ta wkqj 2011 j¾Ih i|yd iEu cd;sl mdi,a 10la i|yd u
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh iu`. ukd iïnkaOhla mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd wêlaIK
ks,Odßfhl= ne.ska m;alr we;' Tjqkaf.a ld¾hNdrh jkafka tla tla cd;sl
mdif,a we;s .=re" YsIH " úÿy,am;s" f.dvke`.s,s we;=`: udkj iïm;a yd fN!;sl
42
iïm;a ms<sn| .eg¨ iy.; ;;a;ajhka wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg ikaksfõokh
lsÍu yd úoHd,hfha mka;s ldur b.ekaùï yd úIh ndysr l%shdldrlï ;jÿrg;a
ÈhqKq lsÍu" mdif,ys wOHhk" wkOHhk ld¾h uKav, W!K;d$w;sßla;" tu
ld¾h uKav, .eg¨ yd tajd úi£fï Wmdh ud¾. bÈßm;a lsßu yd úÿy,am;sf.a
mßmd,k ÿ¾j,;d yd mßmd,k úIu;d ksid we;sjk .eg¨ yd tajd úi£fï
Wmdh ud¾. bÈßm;a lsÍu hkdÈh fõ' ixúOdkd;aul wëlaIK l%shdj,shla
m<d;a n,OdÍka yd tlaj l%shd;aul lrñka cd;sl mdi,a rfÜ wOHdmkfha
m%§mia:ïNhla njg m;alr,Sfï úfYAI jevigykla 2011 j¾Ifha § l%shd;aul
lsÍug ie,iqï lr we;'
3'3 wOHdmk fiajd yd wdh;k lghq;=
3'3'1 - wOHdmk mrsmd,k yd l<ukdlrKh Yla;su;a lsrSu
Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mrsmd,k fiajh" Y%S ,xld úÿy,am;s fiajh " Y%S ,xld
.=re wOHdmk{ fiajh iy Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh hk fiajd ish,af,ys jHjia:d
ixfYdaOkh lr" jegqma yd fiajl ixLHd lñgq wkque;sh i|yd bÈßm;a lr we;'
♦ Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mrsmd,k fiajh
Y%s ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 1 jeks mka;sfha mqrmamdvqj,g wkqj
iïuqL mßlaIK mj;ajd Wiiaùï ,ndÿka w;r" Tjqka wod< ;k;=rej,g úêu;aj
m;a lrk ,§' bÈßfha § we;sjk 1 jeks mka;sfha mqrmamdvq úêu;a j msrùug
wjYH mshjr .kq ,en we;' Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 111 jeks mka;sfha
mqrmamdvq 410la msrùu i|yd n|jd.ekSug mshjr f.k we;'
♦ Y%S ,xld úÿy,am;s fiajh
Y%S ,xld úÿy,am;s fiajhg jir 7g miq kej; ks,Odßka úYd, m%udKhla
2009 jif¾ § n|jd.kakd ,§' bka 1966l m%udKhla 2-11 fY%aKshg o" 1718 l
43
m%udKhla 3 jk mka;shg o n|jd.kakd ,§' fuu n|jd.kakd ,o ks,OdÍka ta
ta m<d;a rdcH fiajhka ;=< yd cd;sl mdi,aj, mj;sk mqrmamdvq wkqj ia:dk.;
lsÍu 2010 jif¾ fmnrjdß udifha È isÿ lrk ,§' fuu ks,OdÍka cd;sl
mdi,aj, ksfhdacH úÿy,am;sjreka yd iyldr úÿy,am;sjreka f,i m;alr we;s
w;r' m<d;a rdcH fiajhg ksoyia lrk ,o ks,Odßka m<d;a mdi,aj, úÿy,am;sjreka
yd ksfhdacH úÿy,am;sjreka f,i m;alr we;' Y%S ,xld úÿy,am;s fiajfha Wiiaùï
l%shdj,sh o l%udkql+, j isÿlrk ,§'
♦ Y%S ,xld .=re wOHdmk{ fiajh
Y%S ,xld .=re wOHdmk{ fiajfha mqrmamdvq 235la 2010 j¾Ifha § msrùug
o" .=re wOHdmk{ fiajfha 1 yd 2-1 mka;shg Wiia lsÍï isÿlsÍug o mshjr f.k
we;' 2011 j¾Ifha § 3 jk mka;sfha mqrmamdvq 208la i|yd kj lÓldpd¾hjreka
n|jd.ekSug wfmalaIs; h'
♦ Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh
Y%S ,xld .=re fiajfha jegqma úIu;d bj;a fldg" Wiiaùï ksis mßÈ ,nd§ug
lghq;= isÿ lrkq we;' jd¾Isl ia:dkudreùï ms<sn| j läkñka lghq;= lsÍug
o" cd;sl mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< .=re ;=,khla isÿlsÍug o " jir 08lg jeä ld,hla
tl u mdi,l fiajh lr we;s .=re Nj;=ka Tjqkaf.a yd mdi,a moaO;sfha
ld¾hlaIu;dj yd iM,;djh jeä lrkq jia fjk;a mdi,aj,g ia:dkudre lsÍug
o" bÈß j¾Ifha § wfmalaIs; h' 2010 j¾Ifha kj .=re m;aùï 3238 la ,ndÿka
w;r 2011 j¾Ifha moaO;sfha úIh wjYH;d u; kjl .=rejreka 8874la
n|jd.ekSug kshñ; h'
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3'3'2 - udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh
oekqï iudchla lrd mdi,a moaO;sh fufyhjk kshuqjka jk wOHdmk
lafIa;%fha úúO msrsia i|yd foaYSh yd úfoaYSh mqyqKqùï ,ndoSu wruqKq lr f.k
2010 j¾Ifha §" Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 111 mka;sfha ks,OdÍka 184
fofkla mqyqKq lrk ,o w;r" ;j;a ks,OdÍka 250 fofkla mqyqKq lsÍug kshñ;
h' bÈßfha § Y%S ,xld wOHdmk mßmd,k fiajfha 1 jeks mka;sfha ks,OdÍka mqyqKq
lsÍu o" wud;HdxY ld¾h uKav,h i|yd fou< yd bx.%Sis NdId mqyqKqj" mß.Kl
mqyqKqj wd§ jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug o kshñ; h'
3'4 wOHdmk fiajd iemhSï yd YsIHiqNidOk jevigyka
3'4'1 - mdi,a ks,we֕ ,ndoSu
2010 j¾Ih i|yd osjhsk mqrd mdi,a 9662l isiqka 3"890"591 lg ks,we|qï
fros o" msrsfjkaj, YsIH NslaIQka jykafia,d 35"451lg isjqre fros o fnodyrsk
,oS' fï i|yd ork ,o uq`: úhou re'ñ'1260ls'
3'4'2' - mdi,a fm<fmd;a ,nd§u
osjhsfka mdi,a" msßfjka yd wOHdmk úoHdmSG i|yd fm<fmd;a j¾. 433l
msgm;a ñ,shk 2539lg wdikak ixLHdjla 2010 j¾Ifha § fnodyßk ,§'
3'4'3 - mdi,a isiqka i|yd YsIH;aj ,ndoSu
5 jk fY%aKsfha YsIH;ajh iu;ajk isiqka 15"000lg iEu j¾Ihlu YsIHdOdr
msßkefï' YsIH;aj,dNSkag YsIHdOdr uqo, kshñ; fõ,djg fkd,eîu ms<sn| j
u;= ù we;s .eg`: flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq fldg" wjYH m%;smdok
NdKavd.drh fj;ska ,nd.ekSu i|yd mshjr .kq ,en we;'
45
2010 j¾Ifha oS"10-13 fY%aKsj, bf.kqu ,nk olaI;d iys; yd wd¾Ól
jYfhka miq.dó isiq orejka i|yd isiqÈßh YsIH;aj 6160la wdishdkq ixj¾Ok
nexl= wdOdr hgf;a msßkud we;'
3'4'4 - mdi,a osjd wdydr jevigyk yd fi!LH m%j¾Ok jevigyk
uyskao Ñka;k jevigyk hgf;a mdi,a 6276 l isiqka 74"012la i|yd o"
wOHdmkh i|yd wdydr jevigyk hgf;a mdi,a 1357 l isiqka 315"442la i|yd
o osjd wdydr ,nd§u l%shd;aul fõ' mdi,a fi!LH m%j¾Ok iy tÉ'whs'ù' taäia
ksjdrK jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍu" m%d:ñl wxYfha fi!LH m%j¾Ok jevigyk
we;=`: jevigyka /ila 2011 § l%shd;aul lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'
3'4'5 - mdi,a f.dvke`.s,s boslsrSï
cd;sl m%;sudk u; wjYH;d ks¾Kh lrñka yd m%uqL;d moku u; taldnoaO
wruqo, hgf;a re' ñ' 793l yd f,dal nexl= wdOdr hgf;a re' ñ'135l wdfhdackfhka
2010 j¾Ih ;=< my; i|yka bÈlsÍfï ld¾hhka ksu lrk ,È'
♦ wúÉfþo l¾udka; 304l jev ksulsÍu
♦ jjqkshd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK uOHia:dkfha f.dvke`.s,s" mqia;ld,"
mß.Kl tall" fkajdisld.dr bÈlsÍu'
♦ cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSG 35l jev ksulsÍu'
2011 j¾Ifha § ksu lsÍug fhdað; jevigyka my; ±lafõ'
♦ uQ,H ÿIalr;d fya;=fjka jev w;ru`. weKysg ;snQ cd;sl mdi,aj,
bÈlsÍï 204lska 103l jev wdrïN lsÍu'
♦ cd;sl mdi,aj, ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï jeäÈhqKq lsÍu'
♦ fydaud.u msámk w¨;ska bÈlrk cd;sl mdif,a bÈlsÍï lghq;=
♦ biqre mdi,aj, fouy,a ;kslv ks, ksjdi 9l jev ksulsÍu'
♦ fm<fmd;a .nvd ixlS¾Kfha 1 yd 11 wÈhr ksulsÍu'
46
3'4'6 - 2010 j¾Ih ;=<§ wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha m%iïmdok wxYh yryd
ñ,§.;a NdKav yd fiajdjka ms<sn| úia;r
cd;sl mdi,a i|yd mß.Kl yd wdY%s; Wmdx. ñ, § .ekSu 27'0
mdi,a i|yd úoHd yd ridhkd.r WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 10'0
cd;sl mdi,a i|yd fi!kao¾h WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 27'0
m%d:ñl mdi,a yd kj wdo¾Y m%d:ñl mdi,a i|yd
,Snvq ñ, § .ekSu 13'0
cd;sl mdi,a i|yd ;dCIK wOHdmk WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 8'0
cd;sl mdi,a i|yd ,Snvq ñ, § .ekSu 37'0
cd;sl mdi,a i|yd ld¾hd,hSh WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 2'5
msßfjka i|yd ,Snvq ñ, § .ekSu 4'8
msßfjka i|yd mqia;ld, fmd;a ñ, § .ekSu 4'5
mdi,a mqia;ld, i|yd ,Snvq ñ, § .ekSu 3'7
kj wdo¾Y m%d:ñl mdi,a i|yd fi!kao¾h wOHdmk WmlrK ñ, §
.ekSu 2'5
m%d:ñl mdi,a i|yd mß.Kl WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 4'5
cd;sl mdi,a fi!kao¾h wxY fj; ãùã hka;% ñ, § .ekSu 3'4
mdi,a mqia;ld, i|yd mß.Kl iy wdY%s; WmlrK iemhSu 2'0
mdi,a mqia;ld, i|yd ,Snvq iemhSu 1'0
mdi,a i|yd úoHd yd ridhkd.dr WmlrK iemhSu 50'0
mdi,a fi!LH yd fmdaIK úIhg wod< fmd;a uqøKh lsrSu 1'2
mdi,a f.dvke.s,s wxYh i|yd jEka r:hla ñ, § .ekSu 7'0
bx.S%is Wmldrl uOHia:dk i|yd WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 6'0
W;=re m<d;a mß.Kl mqyqKq uOHia:dkh i|yd WmlrK iemhSu 3'0
ie,iqï yd ld¾h idOk wxYh i|yd wjYH WmlrK iemhSu 4'0
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok wxYh i|yd mß.Kl yd Wmdx. ñ, §
.ekSu 2'6
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok wxYh i|yd jEka r:hla iemhSu 4'2
fiajdj $ NdKavhjákdlu
re' ñ
47
mdi,a mqia;ld, iy fkdúêu;a wOHdmk wxY i|yd
u,aáóähd hka;% iemhSu 1'8
fkdúêu;a wOHdmk uOHia:dk i|yd wjYH WmlrK iemhSu 2'0
klaldj;a; cd;sl mdi, yd l;r.u cd;sl mdi,
i|yd mß.Kl WmlrK ñ, § .ekSu 5'1
mdi,a mqia;ld, i|yd ndfldaâ ialEk¾ hka;% iy ndfldaâ
uqøK hka;% yd wod< uDÿldx. iemhSu 2'5
cd;sl wOHdmk m%ñ;s ud¾f.damfoaY fmd;a uqøKh 3'5
.Ks;hg w;aje,la fmd;a uqøKh lsrSu 1'4
oaúNdId wOHdmkhg wod< fmd;a uqøKh lsrSu 4'0
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok wxYfha mß.Kl úoHd.drh i|yd wjYH
WmlrK iemhSu 8'0
mdi,a mqia;ld, f.dvke.s,s 5la bÈlsßSfï lghq;= i|yd 40'0
mß.Kl uOHia:dk 3 la bÈlsÍu 27'0
m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ .nvd ixlS¾Kfha m<uq wÈhr bÈlsÍu 25'0
W;=re m<d;a mß.Kl uOHia:dkfha fkajdisld.drhla bÈlsÍu 37'0
mdi,a i|yd mß.Kl WmlrK iemhSu 88'0
fiajdj $ NdKavhjákdlu
re' ñ
48
3'5 wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg wkqnoaOwdh;k
3'5'1 - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
ildreKsl iudchla f.dvkexùu i|yd bf.k .kakkag ;u úNjH;dj
wjfndaO lr .ekSfï Yla;sh ,ndfokq jia úIhud,dj ixj¾Okh lsÍfuka"
jD;a;slNdjh kxjd,Sfuka yd m¾fhaIK ld¾hfha kshe,Sfuka ish,a,kag u
.=Kd;aul wOHdmkhla imhd§u" M,odhS yd ld¾hlaIu wOHdmkhla i|yd
wOHdmk wdxYsl m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh" Y%S ,xldfõ iS>% ÈhqKqj i|yd n,mdk
ndOl yd wNsfhda. ch.; yels udkj iïm;a iúu;a lsÍu" uyskao Ñka;kfha
bÈß jevigyyfka wka;¾.; ù we;s whqßka Y%S ,xldj ±kqï flakaøia:dkhla
njg m;alsÍu cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska bgqlrkq ,nk m%Odk ld¾hhka fõ'
wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul nj yd wod<;ajh
• 2010 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul jk Wiia fm< úIh ks¾foaY i|yd .=re
ud¾f.damfoaY 74la ms<sfh, lrk ,o w;r" Wiia fm< .=rejreka 9000la
mqyqKq lrk ,§'
• ieug bx.%Sis jevigyk i|yd .=re w;afmd;a yd fm<fmd;a 27"000l
msgm;a ilia lrñka mj;S'
wOHdmk kdhl;aj ixj¾Okh iy .=re wOHdmkh
• Èjhsk mqrd uOHia:dk 42l § kqmqyqKq WmdêOdÍ fkdjk .=rejreka 7000la
i|yd .=re mqyqKq mdGud,djla wdrïN lr we;s w;r"kqmqyqKq WmdêOdÍ
.=rejreka 8050la fjkqfjka wOHdmk ämaf,daud mdGud,dj o l%shd;aul fõ'
• wOHdmk .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka 36la ksIamdokh lr m%pdrh lrk ,§'
• iudc iyfhda.S;dj i|yd ;sridr .=re ixj¾Okhla fjkqfjka W;=re
kef.kysr m<d;ays l%shd;aul jk jevigyka iún, .ekaùu'
49
ieug wOHdmkh ;yjqre lsÍu
• ÿria: wOHdmkh iy újD; bf.kqu ms<sn| id¾la rgj, ksfhdað;hska o
iuÕ iïuka;%Khla meje;aùu'
• rEmjdysKS wOHdmksl jevigyka 700la keKi kd,sldj Tiafia úldYkh
lsÍu
• wOHdmk wjia:d wysñjQjka 795la i|yd újD; oaù;shsl wOHdmkh ms<sn|
mokï mdGud,dj yeoEÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'
m¾fhaIK ie,iqï yd ixj¾Ok
• kj úIhud,dfõ ;sria yd isria ifudaodkh ms<sn| m¾fhaIK m%;sM,
wkdjrKh
• YS% ,dxlsl mdi,a orejka iïnkaO m%:u wkajdhdu wOHhkfha wkdjrK
;=<ska mdi,a orejka yd .=rejreka i|yd hym;a u.fmkaùula isÿlsÍu'
2011 j¾Ifha § isÿlsÍug wfmalaIs; m%Odk ld¾hhka
♦ 7-11 fY%aKs iy 12-13 fY%aKsj, .=rejreka i|yd YlH;d j¾Ok jevigyka
l%shd;aul lsÍu'
♦ oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh i|yd kshñ; ish¨ yr úIhj, w;HdjYH ksmqK;d
y÷kd.ekSu'
♦ m%d:ñl wOHdmkfha m<uq wÈhr i|yd idhksl b.ekaùu y÷kajd§u'
♦ bÈß wOHdmk m%;sixialrK i|yd m%d:ñl úIh ixOdrh y÷kd.ekSu'
♦ cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSG yd .=re úoHd,j, úIhud,d hdj;ald,sk lsÍu
iy jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh
♦ újD; oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh i|yd bf.kqï øjH ilia lsÍu'
♦ úfYaI wjYH;d iys; orejka yd Tjqkaf.a foudmshka" .=rejreka iy
lafIa;% ks,OdÍka fjkqfjka Wmldrl fiajd iemhSu
2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou - re# ñ,shk 405ls'
2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.; úhou - re# ñ,shk 587ls'
50
3'5'2 - Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wjYH;djkg .e<fmk fia úYajdiH;dj yd j,x.=;dj wdrlaId jk
mßos ilia lrkq ,nk we.hSï WmlrK yd l%u Ys,am u.ska wOHdmksl idOkh
yd iy;sllrKh ms<sn| ls%hdldrlï úYsIag;ajh lrd fufyhùu Y%S ,xld úNd.
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ j.lSu fõ'
2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka
♦ 2011 isg kj úIh ks¾foaYh hgf;a meje;afjk w'fmd'i ̂ W'fm<& úNd.h
i|yd m%Yak m;% jHqyh yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak m;% ilia lsÍu'
♦ w'fmd'i^id'fm<& 2009g wod< j we.hSï jd¾;d ilia lsÍu
♦ 5 jk fY%aKsfha YsIH;ajh" w'fmd'i^id'fm<& yd w'fmd'i^W'fm<& úNd.
yd wfkl=;a iy;sl m;%" Wiia lsÍfï" ld¾hlaIu;d lvbuiy
n|jd.ekSfï úNd.j, m%Yak m;% ilia lsrSu" úNd. meje;aùu" W;a;r
m;% we.hSu yd m%;sM, ksl=;a lsrSu'
♦ whs;u nexl=j$w'fmd'i^W'fm<& i|yd mQ¾j mßlaIK meje;aùu yd o;a;
úYaf,aIKh lsÍu'
♦ w'fmd'i^id'fm<& Wmldrl iïuka;%K i|yd m%Yak m;% ilia lr" iSã
;eá u.Ska m<d;aj,g ,nd§u'
♦ kj mß.Kl moaO;shla ia:dms; lsÍu'
♦ w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& .Ks; úIh iïnkaOfhka m¾fhaIKhla meje;aùu yd
jd¾;d ilia lsÍu'
2011 § bgqlsÍug kshñ; úfYaI ld¾hhka
♦ w'fmd'i^W'fm<& i|yd úNd. ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yhla ilia lr
mdi,aj,g fnod§u'
♦ úNd. m%;sM, yd m%Yak m;% úYaf,aIKh lr f;dr;=re m%Yak m;% ilia
lrkakka yg" wOHdmk lafIa;%fha m%;sm;a;s ilia lrkakkag yd mdi,aj,g
,nd oSu'
51
♦ w'fmd'i^id'fm<&" w'fmd'i^W'fm<& yd 5 fYa%Ksfha YsIH;aj úNd. i|yd
cd;sl uÜgfï iïuka;%K meje;aùu'
♦ w'fmd'i^id'fm<&" w'fmd'i^W'fm<& i|yd we.hSï jd¾;d ilia lr
mdi,aj,g ,ndoSu'
2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou - re# ñ,shk 1758ls'
2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.; úhou - re# ñ,shk1705ls
3'5'3 - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
rch u.ska fkdñf,a fm<fmd;a ,nd §fï cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuka
o" wOHdmk l%shdj,sh i|yd wjYH fiiq fmd;a" jev fmd;a" mßj¾;k .%ka:"
mdßNdIsl Yíoud,d" w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a" fldaI .%ka: yd Y%jH oDYH WmlrK
we;=¿ wfkl=;a wdOdrl iïmdokh fldg iemhSfuka o" wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul
nj j¾Okh lsÍu Tiafia rgg jevÞhS .=Kj;a keKj;a mqrjeis msßila ìyslr,Sug
odhlùu wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fufyjr fõ'
2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka
♦ Èjhsfka mdi,a" msßfjka yd wOHdmk úoHdmSG i|yd fm<fmd;a j¾. 433la
msgm;a ñ,shk 25'39lg wdikak ixLHdjla ksIamdokh lrk ,§'
♦ .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y j¾. 393la hgf;a msgm;a ñ,shk 3'2la ksIamdokh
lrk ,§'
♦ fm<fmd;a uqøK lvÞisj, .=Kd;aul nj mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd Paper Quality
Testing Mechine ñ,§ .kq ,enqKs'
♦ fydaud.u msámk m%foaYfha boslsÍug ie,iqï lr we;s .nvd ixlS¾Kfha
m<uq f.dvke.s,a, ;kd ksu lrk ,§'
♦ W;=re-kef.kysr kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu isÿ flfrk m%foaYj, fm<fmd;a
W!k;d iïmQ¾K lsÍu yd fnÞyeÍu hdj;ald,Sk lsÍfï wruq‚ka m<d;a
wOHdmk n,OdÍka ±kqj;a lsÍfï ieis 11la mj;ajk ,§'
52
♦ 13 jir i|yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y j¾. 96la wjYH;d wkqj uqøKh
lsÍug mshjr f.k we;'
♦ ±kqj;a lsÍfï ieis" udOH jevigyka" isiqka i|yd ;r." iy fm<fmd;a
fyd¢ka mßyrKh lrk isiqka i|yd ;Hd. yd iy;sl m;a ,nd§u ;=<ska
fm<fmd;a Ndú;h ms<sn| wdl,am ÈhqKq lsÍu' fuu.ska 2010 jif¾
fm<fmd;a kej; Ndú;h 23] f;la by< kxjd .ekSug yels j ;sfí'
♦ f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd fhdÞ .ekSu Èß
.ekaùu iy isiqka iajhx wOHhkhg fhduq lsÍu i|yd ixhqla; ;eá
wdOdrfhka fm<fmd;a ilia lsÍu yd tAjd fomd¾;fïka;= fjí wvúhg
we;=<;a lrk ,§'
♦ re'ñ,shk 25l úhoñka .nvd ixls¾Kfha II jk wÈhf¾ bÈlsÍï wdrïN
lsÍug ie,iqï lr we;s w;r" fnÞyeÍfï l%shdj,sh jvd;a l%uj;a lsÍu
i|yd m%Odk ld¾hd,h iy .nvd iïnkaO jk mßÈ mß.Kl cd, moaO;shla
ia:dmkh lsÍug o kshñ; h'
♦ fm<fmd;aj, .=Kd;aul nj jeä lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk WmlrK ñ, §
.ekSug ie,iqï lr we;'
2011 j¾Ifha § bgq lsÍug wfmalaIs; kj ld¾hhka
♦ 6" 10 fY%a‚j, úúO .eg¨ iys; fm<fmd;a kej; ,shd uqøKh lsÍu'
♦ fm<fmd;g wÞ< j iÔùlrKh lrk ,o ixhqla; ;eá ksIamdokh iy
tAjd Èjhsfka mdi,a ish,a,g u ,nd §u'
♦ 5 fY%a‚fha YsIH;aj úNd.h" w'fmd'i ̂ id'fm<&" w'fmd'i^W'fm<& úNd.j,g
wÞ< m%Yak m;%" W;a;r m;% yd újrK ilia lr idOdrK ñ,lg wf,ú
lsÍu'
♦ cd;Hka;r uÜgfï Wiia fmd;a i|yd m%ldYk whs;sh ,ndf.k isxy, yd
fou< udOHj,g mßj¾;kh lsÍu'
53
♦ .nvd ixlS¾Kfha b;sß fldgi iïmQ¾K lsÍu'
♦ mdi,a isiqkaf.a fi!LHhg ys;lr kj ffjoH ks¾foaYdkql+, mdi,a nE.hla
2011 j¾Ifha isg mdi,a moaO;shg y÷kajd §ug lghq;= lsÍu'
♦ fm<fmd;a kej; Ndú;h 35] olajd jeälr .ekSug mshjr .ekSu'
2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou - re( ñ,shk 3936ls'
2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.; úhou - re( ñ,shk 3340ls'
3'5'4' - cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h
Y%S ,xldfõ mqia;ld, yd f;dr;=re lafIa;%fha m%Odk cd;sl wdh;kh fuka
u" rg mqrd úysÿkq kùk mqia;ld, yd f;dr;=re fiajd cd,hl uOHia:dkh njg
l%shd lsÍu wdh;kfha fufyjr fõ'
2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka(((((
fmd;a m%o¾Yk ixúOdkh" cd;sl mqia;ld,fha iïm;a yd fiajd ms<sn| ±kqj;a
lsÍï" cd;sl .%ka: kdudj,sh m<lsÍu" m%f,aLk ixrlaIK lghq;=" m%ldYk wdOdr
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu" iïNdjH lD;s m<lsÍu" mqia;ld,hdêm;sjreka mqyqKq
lsÍu" cd;sl lshùï udifha jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu" .%dóh mqia;ld, ixj¾Okh
lsÍu" iqkdñfhka yd hqoaOfhka ydkshg m;a mqia;ld, ixj¾Okh lsÍu wdh;k
úiska bgq lrk ,o iqúfYaIS ld¾hhka fõ'
2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou - re( ñ,shk 98ls'
2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.; úhou - re( ñ,shk 130ls'
3'5'5' - Y%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: ixj¾Ok uKav,h
Y%S ,xldfõ m%ldYhg m;a lrk fmd;m; m%ñ;s .;lsÍu" f,aLl wNsfm%arKh"
lshùfï reÑh j¾Okh lsÍu" mqia;ld, Ndú;h ÈhqKq lsÍu" <ud fmd;a m%j¾Okh"
ÿ¾,N .%ka: ixrlaIKh" Y%S ,xld cd;sl .%ka: ixj¾Ok uKav,fha m%Odk
ld¾hNdrh fõ'
54
2010 j¾Ifha § fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka ieflúka#
m%nqoaO mdGl iïudk m%odkh" ÿ¾,N .%ka: wêlaIKh" isxy,fha mo fn§u yd
wlaIr úkHdih hk .%ka: uqøKh" <ud .%ka: ks¾udK i|yd .súiqï w;aika lsÍu
iy uQ,H m%odkh" f,aLldOdr jHdmD;sfha fmd;a ñ,g .ekSu" mdi,a mqia;ld,
i|yd fmd;a m%odkh wdh;kh úiska bgq lrk ,o ld¾hhka fõ' 2011 j¾Ifha §
o fuu jevigyka wLKav j l%shd;aul lsÍug kshñ; h'
2010 j¾Ifha wfmalaIs; úhou re# ñ,shk 16'8ls'
2011 j¾Ifha weia;fïka;=.; úhou re# ñ,shk 9'5ls'
3'5'6 - Y%S ,xld hqfkiaflda cd;sl fldñiu
Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmk" úoHd" ixialD;sl" ckudOH yd ikaksfõok hk
lafIa;%hkays ÈhqKqj Wfoid hqfkiaflda cd;Hka;r vld l,dmSh ixúOdkhkays
iyfhda.h o we;s j" úúO jevigyka iïnkaêlrKh fuu wdh;kh isÿ lrkq
,nhs'
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh yd tla j 2010 j¾Ifha § bgq l< jevigyka my;
whqßka i|yka l< yels h'
♦ iduh i|yd wOHdmkh yd ;sridr ixj¾Okh ms<sn| j mdi,a yd
m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu'
♦ mdi,a i|yd oDVdx. iy cd,lrKfha úiÿï ms<sn| j mqyqKqj'
♦ ÿIalr m%foaYj, mdi,a orejka w;r fi!kao¾h yelshd j¾Okh i|yd
gj¾ fyda,a r`.y, moku iu`. tla j jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍu'
♦ Ñ;% we£fï WmlrK <uqka 300la w;r fnodoSu'
♦ .e,s,sfhda ÿf¾laI 100la mdi,a w;r fnod§u iy ta ms<sn| mqyqKqj
,nd§u'
♦ úúO úfoaY mqyqKqùï i|yd ks,OdÍkag wkq.%dyl;ajh ,nd§u'
55
3'6 wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd úfoaYwdOdr wdfhdackh
Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd cd;Hka;r nexl= iy úúO ixj¾Ok
wdh;k úiska 2010-2011 ld,mßÉfþoh ;=< wOHdmk wud;HdxYh yryd isÿ
lrkq ,enQ úfoaY wdOdr wdfhdackhka ms<sn| j fuu mßÉfþofha ieflúka ±la
fõ'
3'6'1 j.=j wOHdmk ixj¾Okh i|yd úfoaY wdOdr wdfhdackh 2010-2011
jd¾Islwdfhdackh
2010 2011
re'ñ' re'ñ
f,dal nexl=j wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok 527'1 133'0
jevigyk i|yd m%odkh
wdishdkq ixj¾Ok • oaú;Shsl wOHdmk kùlrK 700'0
nexl=j jHdmD;sh
• oekque;s iudchla i|yd jQ 1310'0 1974'2
wOHdmk jHdmD;sh
hqksfi*a jd¾Isl ls%hd;aul lsrSfï 43'0 14'0
ie,eiafï jevigyka
mS'à'bfiâ iudc tald.%;dj i|yd 10'0 10'5
wOHdmkh
hqfkiaflda 11'2 11'7
fiaõ o Ñ,aârka jd¾Isl ie,eiau 16'0 2'8
wOHdmk wdxYsl
ixj¾Ok m%fõY rduqj mshjr 11 100'0
yd jev igyk
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
jevigykuQ,dY%h
56
3'6'1 - wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%fõY rduqj yd jevigyk i|yd
f,dal nexl= wdOdr
wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%fõY rduqj yd jevigyk f;aud 04la hgf;a
l%shd;auljk w;r" ta i|yd f,dal nexl=j úiska lrkq ,enQ wdOdr yd m%odkhka
my;ska ±la fõ'
jevigyka ld,iSudj # 2006 fmnrjdß 21 - 2011 cQks 30
iuia; wdfhdackh # weußlka fvd,¾ ñ,shk 60'00 ^m%odkh&
weußlka fvd,¾ ñ,shk 10'00 ^iykodhS Kh&
úhoï ùfï wkqmd;h # 83] ^2010 jk úg&
3'6'2 j.=j - 2010 j¾Ih i|yd wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%odkh iy
w;sf¾l uQ,HlrKh yryd ,ndÿka f,dal nexl= wdOdr
iïnkaOhs ''''''''''''''''''''''''
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh 261'00 65'00 326'00
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh 50'00 35'00 85'00
YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j 120'00 120'00
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j 50'00 50'00
niakdysr m<d; 120'00 33'00 153'00
uOHu m<d; 125'00 35'00 160'00
ol=Kq m<d; 125'00 35'00 160'00
W;=re m<d; 240'00 60'00 300'00
kef.kysr m<d; 245'00 40'00 285'00
jhU m<d; 125'00 35'00 160'00
W;=re ueo m<d; 125'00 25'00 150'00
W!j m<d; 125'00 35'00 160'00
m%;smdok remsh,a ñ,shk
wOHdmk wdxYsl
ixj¾Okh
m%odkh (ESDG)
w;sf¾l
uq,HlrKh
(AF)tl;=j
wdh;kh$m<d;
57
f;audj 1 # m%d:ñl oaú;shsl wOHdmkh i|yd iuidOdrK m%fõY wjia:d by<
kexùu
ksoyia wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh ;yjqre lsÍu # ksoyia wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh ;yjqre lsÍu # ksoyia wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh ;yjqre lsÍu # ksoyia wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh ;yjqre lsÍu # ksoyia wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh ;yjqre lsÍu #
fï hgf;a 2010 j¾Ih ;=<§ rch úiska ish¨u isiqkag fkdñ,fha fm<
fmd;a iemhSu i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 2"200'00 lao" mdi,a ks, we÷ï iemhSu
i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 1"260'00 lao" YsIH;aj yd YsIHdOdr i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk
125'00 lao" Èjd wdydr iemhSu i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 2"275'00 lao" úfYaI wOHdmk
wjYH;d we;s isiqka i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 2'20 lao wdfhdackh lr we;'
fkdúêu;a yd úfYaI wOHdmkh # fkdúêu;a yd úfYaI wOHdmkh # fkdúêu;a yd úfYaI wOHdmkh # fkdúêu;a yd úfYaI wOHdmkh # fkdúêu;a yd úfYaI wOHdmkh #
wksjd¾hh wOHdmk kS;sÍ;s yd fr.=,diska ls%hd;aul lsÍu fjkqfjka "mdi,a
we;=<;a lr.ekSfï lñgq"ls%hd;aul lsÍu Yla;su;a lrk ,o w;r mdi,a fkdhk
isiqka úêu;a mdi,a moaO;shg" fyda fkdúêu;a wOHdmk wdh;k j,g fyda úfYaI
m%;smdok remsh,a ñ,shk
wOHdmk wdxYsl
ixj¾Okh
m%odkh (ESDG)
w;sf¾l
uq,HlrKh
(AF)tl;=j
wdh;kh$m<d;
inr.uqj m<d; 125'00 35'00 160'00
uqo,a fldñIka iNdj 20'00 20'00
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj 5'00 5'00
cd;sl whjeh fomd¾;fïka;=j 4'00 4'00
cd;sl ie,iqï fomd¾;fïka;=j 5'00 5'00
úfoaY iïm;a fomd¾;fïka;=j
wOHdmk úoHdmSG wOHkdxYh" 2'00 2'00
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h
wOHdmk mSGh" Y%S ,xld 2'00 2'00
újD; úYajúoHd,h
tl;=j 1874'00 433'00 2307'00
uQ,dY%h # úúO .sKï YdLdj" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
58
wOHdmk mdi,a$tall j,g fyda we;=<;a lsÍug wjYH mshjr .kq ,eîh' tfiau
cd;sl yd m<d;a uÜgñka fkdúêu;a wdh;k j,g wjYH bf.kqï yd b.ekaùï
ls%hdj,shg wjYH iïm;a imhkq ,enQ w;r Odß;d ixj¾Ok jevigyka ls%hd;aul
lrk ,§' úfYaIfhka úfYaI wOHdmk wjYH;d we;s isiqka i|yd iqúfYaIs ixj¾Ok
jevigyka /ila ls%hd;aul lrkq ,eîh'
mdi,a i|yd wjYH uQ,sl myiqlï yd Wiia uÜgfï bf.kqï bvlv iemhSu #
m<d;a iNd mdi,a i|yd m<d;a iNd yryd;a" cd;sl mdi,a i|yd f¾Çh
wud;HdxYh yryd;a" cd;sl wjYH;djhka yd yÈis wjYH;djhka wkqj wjYH
iïm;a iemhSu f¾Çh wud;HdxYh yryd;a" bgqlrkq ,eîh' úfYaIfhka mdi,a
j,g wjYH uQ,sl myiqlï ^Wod # c,h" ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï"úÿ,sh" mka;s
ldur wd§& iemhSfï oS taldnoaO wruqo,a Ndú;d lrkq ,nk w;r" Wiia uÜgfï
bf.kqï bvlv ^Wod # ICT uOHia:dk" úoHd.dr" .Ks;d.dr" NdId.dr wd§& yd
m%d.aOk j;alï ^Wod # mß.Kl" úoHd.dr WmlrK wd§& iemhSfï§ wOHdmk
wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%odkh yd w;sf¾l uQ,HlrKh hgf;a uQ,Huh wdfhdackhla
lrkq ,eîu'
f;audj 2 # m%d:ñl yd oaú;shsl wOHdmkfha .+Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùu
³ cd;sl úIh ud,d ixj¾Okh i|yd kshñ; jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu"
myiqlï iemhSu" Odß;d ixj¾Okh yd udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh i|yd
wjYH uQ,HdOdr wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%odkh yd w;sf¾l uQ,HlrKh
hgf;a iDcqju cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khg m%;smdok ,ndfoa'
³ cd;sl úIh ud,dj ls%hd;aul lsÍu úúO úIhka hgf;a ls%hd;aul lrkq
,eîh'
bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï by< kexùu
³ wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%odkh hgf;a 2 j¾.fha mdi,a i|yd úoHd
WmlrK iemhSu
59
³ m%dfoaYSh bx.S%is Wmldrl uOHia:dk i|yd ^hdlrj;a;" ìì," ukakdru"&
wjYH WmlrK iemhSu'
³ m%dfoaYSh .=jkaúÿ,s úldYhka Tiafia bx.S%is b.ekaùfï jevigyka ls%hd;aul
lsÍu'
³ oaúNdId wOHdmk myiqlï we;s lsÍu i|yd" Odß;d ixj¾Ok jevigyka
ls%hd;aul lsÍu" wjYH myiqlï iemhSu" .=re ixj¾Ok jevigyka ls%hd;aul
lsÍu" läkï bf.kqï l|jqre meje;aùu wd§ ld¾hhka bgq lrkq ,eîh'
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK úIh ixj¾Ok jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍu #
³ .=re mqyqKq ixj¾Ok jevigyka ^oDvdxl ms<sn| mqyqKqlrejka 237"
Interactive White Board jHdmD;sh hgf;a .=rejre 40 la mqyqKq lsÍu" w'fmd'i'
^W'fm<&ICT .=rejreka 700 la mqyqKq lsÍu'
³ One - Laptop Per Child (OLPC) jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍu ̂ mß.Kl iemhSu"
yd .=re mqyqKq jevigyka" mß.Kl jevigyka ms<sfh, lsÍu&
³ l,auqfKa ldu,a md;sud úÿy," je,suv u'u'ú'" klaldj;a; u'u'ú' yd
l;r.u u'u'ú ys mdi,a mß.Kl uOHia:dk ia:dms; lsÍu'
³ w;sf¾l uQ,HlrKh hgf;a W;=re m<d; i|yd jjqkshdfõ m<d;a mß.Kl
uOHia:dkhla ia:dms; lsÍu'
³ mdi,a j,g mß.Kl yd mß.Kl Wmdx. iemhSu'
mdi,a mqia;ld, ixj¾Okh #
³ mdi,a isiqka w;f¾ lshùfï reÑh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd mqia;ld, fmd;a"
w;sf¾l lshùfï fmd;a iemhSu
³ w;sf¾l uQ,HlrKh hgf;a "fmd;a nE.a" iemhSu i|yd l=vd mdi,a j,g
mdi,a mdol m%odkhka ,nd§u
60
³ Book Flood jevigyk hgf;a mdi,a úiskau mqia;ld, fmd;a ñ,§ .ekSu
i|yd m%odkhka ,nd§u'
³ fudrgqj fõ,aia l=uß úÿy," hdmkh u'u'ú'" uvl,mqj w,ayd¾ uqia,sï
u'u'ú'" .,a.uqj hQ'î' jkakskdhl u'u'ú' yd ìì, fj,a,iai u'ú' hk
úÿy,a j, mdi,a mqia;ld, f¾Çh wud;HdxYfha m%;smdok yryd bÈlrk
,§'
³ mdi,a j, m%ñ;s yd l<ukdlrK jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu'
³ m<uq yd fojk NdId úIhkag wod<j jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu'
³ idu wOHdmkh yd iudc tald.%;d jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu'
.=re mqyqKq jevigyk #
³ .=re mqyqKq ixj¾Ok rduqj yd mdi,a mdol .=re mqyqKq jevigyka ls%hd;aul
lsÍu'
³ cd;sl wOHdmk úoHd mSG" .=re úÿy,a yd .=re uOHia:dk i|yd mß.Kl"
bf.kqï WmlrK" f.dvke.s,s w¨;ajeähd i|yd m%;smdok iemhSu'
³ fld<U" fmardfoKsh yd újD; úYaj úoHd,j, wOHdmk mSG$wOHkdxY
i|yd WmlrK ñ,§ .ekSu" Odß;d ixj¾Okh" udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh
yd m¾fhaIK ld¾hhka i|yd m%;smdok iemhSu'
we.hSï yd úNd. lghq;= jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu #
- úNd. ud¾f.damfoaYhka ms<sfh, lsÍu
- whs;u nexl=jla ia:dms; lsÍu
- o;a; .nvd lsÍu i|yd wê Odß;djhlska hq;a mß.Kl myiqlï iemhSu
- Odß;d ixj¾Ok yd udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu
61
fm<fmd;aj, úIh wka;¾.;hkays .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùu #
- msámk ia:dms; lrk ,o .nvd ixlS¾Kfha m<uq mshjr wOHdmk
wdxYsl ixj¾Ok m%odkh hgf;a remsh,a ñ,shk 29'00 lska ksu lsÍu
- udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok yd Odß;d ixj¾Ok jevigyka ls%hd;aul
lsÍu
- fm<fmd;a j, úIh wka;¾.;hka by< kexùu
- fm<fmd;a ksis l,g isiqka w;g m;a lsÍu
f;audj 3 # wOHdmk iïm;a fnodyeÍfï iuidOdrK;ajh yd wd¾Ól úoHd;aul
ld¾hlaIu;djh ;yjqre lsÍu
wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s" ie,iqïlrKh yd whjehlrKh
- uOHld,Sk yd fláld,Sk ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ms<sfh, lsÍu
- uOHld,Sk whjeh rduqj ms<sfh, lsÍu
- ie,iqïlrKh ms<sn| m<d;a yd cd;sl uÜgfï ks,OdÍka i|yd udkj
iïm;a ixj¾Ok yd Odß;d ixj¾Ok jevigyka ilia lsÍu
- kshuq jevigykla f,i mdi,a 100 lg mdi,a i|yd uQ,H m%odkhka
,nd§u
- wkd.; wOHdmk ixj¾Ok wjYH;djhkag .e,fmk mßÈ mdi,a
uQ,HlrKhg wod< pl%f,aL ixfYdaOkh lsÍu
- m%;sM, mdol kshduk rduqjla ms<sfh, lsÍu" kshdukh yd m%;sfmdaIK
jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu
62
wOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyfka fojk uOHld,Sk mshjrwOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyfka fojk uOHld,Sk mshjrwOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyfka fojk uOHld,Sk mshjrwOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyfka fojk uOHld,Sk mshjrwOHdmk wdxYsl ixj¾Ok rduqj yd jevigyfka fojk uOHld,Sk mshjr
i|yd wjYH uQ,sl ld¾hhka yd m%;sm;a;suh ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu" Bg wod<ji|yd wjYH uQ,sl ld¾hhka yd m%;sm;a;suh ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu" Bg wod<ji|yd wjYH uQ,sl ld¾hhka yd m%;sm;a;suh ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu" Bg wod<ji|yd wjYH uQ,sl ld¾hhka yd m%;sm;a;suh ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu" Bg wod<ji|yd wjYH uQ,sl ld¾hhka yd m%;sm;a;suh ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu" Bg wod<j
rdcH wdh;k yd ixj¾Ok m¾Yjlrejka iu. iïnkaëlrKhrdcH wdh;k yd ixj¾Ok m¾Yjlrejka iu. iïnkaëlrKhrdcH wdh;k yd ixj¾Ok m¾Yjlrejka iu. iïnkaëlrKhrdcH wdh;k yd ixj¾Ok m¾Yjlrejka iu. iïnkaëlrKhrdcH wdh;k yd ixj¾Ok m¾Yjlrejka iu. iïnkaëlrKh
³ uyskao Ñka;kh bÈß ±lafï ks¾foaYs; oaú;shsl mdi,a 1000 la ixj¾Okh
lsÍug wod< uQ,sl lghq;= bgq lsÍu'
³ rdcH uQ,H yd wOHhkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn| wLKav úu¾Ykd;aul
moaO;sh ia:dms; lsÍug wod< lghq;= bgq lsÍu'
³ 2010 j¾Ih i|yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
- mqkrdj¾;k jeh Ys¾Ifhka 3% la Wiia uÜgfï ls%hdj,Ska yd
fhojqï i|yd;a"
- m%d.aOk jeh Ys¾Ifhka 45% la Wiia uÜgfï bf.kqï bvlv o yd
m%d.aOk j;alï i|yd;a"
- m%d.aOk jeh Ys¾Ifhka 15% la kv;a;= yd i|yd fjkafldg we;'
m¾fhaIK yd wOHhkhka lsÍu
f;audj 4 # wOHdmk hymd,kh yd fiajd iemhSï Yla;su;a lsÍu
- mdi,a kÕd isgqùfï jevigyk 2010 j¾Ih ;=<§ l,dm 18 l
ls%hd;aul lsÍu'
- wfkl=;a ish¨u l,dm j,g mdi,a kÕd isgqùfï jevigyk
y÷kajd§u
- udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok yd jevigyka
há;, myiqlï iemhSu
³ wOHdmk wud;HdxYh i|yd jdyk ñ,§ .ekSu
63
³ m<d;a wOHdmk wud;HdxY$fomd¾;fïka;= i|yd jdyk ñ,§ .ekSu
³ cd;sl yd m<d;a uÜgfï wOHdmk wdh;k j, ld¾hd,hSh myiqlï
kùlrKh yd jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu
³ wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j i|yd jdyk ñ,§ .ekSu
3'6'2 wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr u; ls%hd;aul oaú;Shsl wOHdmk
kùlrK jHdmD;sh
jHdmD;sfha wruqK (
/lshd fj<om, wjYH;d ioyd WÑ; ld¾hlaIu yd iudkd;au;djfhka
hq;= M,ÞhS bf.kqï wjia:d imhd foñka .=Kd;aul Ndjfhka hq;= Wiia uÜgfï
oaú;Shsl wOHdmk wjia:d mdi,a isiqka fj; w;am;alr §u'
uq,H wdfhdack úia;r (
jHdmD;sfha iuia; wdfhdackh re'ñ 5250
2010'9'30 oskg uq,H wdfhdack m%.;sh re'ñ 5025
uQ,H m%.;sh 96]
fuu jHdmD;sh 2010$12$31 Èkska ksulsÍug wfmalaIs;h
2010 j¾Ifha fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka
• W;=re m<d;a oaú;Shsl mdi,a 487la wdjrKh jk mßÈ" tla mdi,lg remsh,a
100"000$- ne.ska W;=re m<d;a mdi,a ixj¾Ok uq,H m%Þk ,nd§ug kshñ;
w;r" ±kgu;a tla mdi,lg re' 100"000$- ne.ska oaú;Shsl mdi,a 345 la
ioyd fuu ixj¾Ok uq,H m%Þk ,nd § we;' fuys§ mdi,a úiska ish
w;HdjYH kv;a;= lghq;=" c,h" úÿ,sh yd ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï ilia
lr .ekSu i|yd mdi,a uÜgñka ilia lrk ,o ie,iqï m%ldrj fuu uq,H
iïm;a wdfhdack isÿ flf¾'
64
• 10 iy 11 fY%aKsj,g wod, úIhud,dj ;=< m%Odk úIhka 6la i|yd Wiia
uÜgfï wOHdmksl uDÿldx. lÜg, úfYaI iïm;a mqoa., Þhl;ajfhka
ilia lr" ñ,§ f.k mdi,a fj; ,nd §ug lghq;= flf¾'
• W;=re jika;h jevigyk hgf;a mdi,a 157la ioyd w'fmd'i ̂ Wiia fm<&
yd w'fmd'i ^idudkH fm<& úoHd.dr ioyd úoHd.dr WmlrK ,ndfoñka
úoHd wOHdmkh mq¿,a lsßug lghq;= lr we;'
• mdi,a 56l úfYaIfhka yÿkd.;a läkï yd w;HdjYH ixj¾Ok lghq;=
ksulrk ,§'
• ckdêm;s wruqo, yd tAldnoaO fjñka ;j;a B .ïudk 20la wdjrKh jk
mßÈ jevigyka ixúOdkh lrk ,o w;r tA wkqj B .ïudk 50la ioyd
re'ñ' 45la jákd wx. iïmq¾K ;dlaI‚l WmlrK lÜg, ,nd foñka
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK wOHdmkh mq¿,a lafIa;%hla lrd úysÿùug lghq;= lr
we;'
• 10-13 fY%aKs bf.kqu ,nk idOk uÜgu Wiia wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d j,ska hq;=
ks¾Kdhl uq,slj yÿkd.kq ,enq isiq orejka i|yd jHdmD;sfha iuia;
isiqÈßh YsIH;aj ixLHdj 55000la wdjrKh jk mßÈ ;j;a YsIH;aj 6160la
msßkuk ,§'
• .=reNj;=ka i|yd Computer Asisted Learning/International Computer Driving
License (CAL/ICDL) jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:d 25000 b,lalh iïmq¾K
lr,Sug lghq;= lrkq we;'
3'6'3 - wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl= wdOdr u; ls%hd;aul oekque;s iudchla
ioyd jq wOHdmk jHdmD;sh
jHdmD;sfha wruqK (- jHdmD;sfha wruqK (- jHdmD;sfha wruqK (- jHdmD;sfha wruqK (- jHdmD;sfha wruqK (-
oaú;Shsl mdi,a b,lal fldg /lshd fj<om, ioyd WÑ; olaI;d j,ska
fyì W.;a ;reK mrmqrla ioyd .=Kd;aul núka" wÞ, núka yd iudkd;au;djfhka
hq;= Wiia bf.kqïM, lrd ,.dlrùfï wjia:d iy;sl lsÍu'
65
uq,H wdfhdack úia;r (-
jHdmD;sfha iuia; wdfhdackh re'ñ' 11267
2010'09'30 oskg iuia: jHdmD;s wdfhdack m%.;sh re'ñ' 2168
2011 jir i|yd weia;fïka;= uqo, re'ñ' 4250
2010 j¾Ifha fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka 2010 j¾Ifha fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka 2010 j¾Ifha fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka 2010 j¾Ifha fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka 2010 j¾Ifha fuf;la ksu l< yd ksulsÍug wfmalaIs; ld¾hhka
2 j¾.fha ;j;a mdi,a 1500la ioyd mß.Kl bf.kqï uOHia:dk myiqlï
yd mdi,a cd, myiqlï (SchoolNet) ,ndoSu'
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,d yodrk isiqka 1250lg re'10"000la ne.ska jákd
YsIH;ajhla m%odkh lsrSu'
.=reNj;=ka 7600la ioyd Computer Asisted Lerning/International Computer
Driving License (CAL/ICDL) mqyqKq YsIH;aj m%odkh fldg we;s w;r" ±kgu;a
wÞ, .=re mqyqKq lghq;= wdrïN fldg we;'
wOHdmk ks<OdÍka yd úÿy,am;sjreka 2000la ioyd e-Citizen mqyqKq YsIH;aj
m%odkh fldg we;s w;r ±kgu;a wÞ, mqyqKqùï lghq;= wdrïN fldg
we;'
fmardfoKsh bx.S%is wOHdmkh ms,sn| w.%.KH uOHia:dkh uÕskaa bx.S%is
ms,sn| jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok mdGud,d Èh;a lrñka" mdi,a .=re Nj;=ka yd
wOHdmk ks<OdÍkaf.a bx.S%is NdId l=i,;d by< kxjd,Sug wjYH uq,Huh
iydh ,nd§ we;s w;r" tys,d ff;%hsudisl mqyqKq mdGud,d iïmq¾K lrk
,o ixLHdj 551ls'
m<d;a yd cd;sl uÜgñka wOHdmksl uDÿldx. ks¾udK ;r.dj,sh ixúOdkh
lrk ,o w;r" 2010 j¾Ifha fï i|yd bÈßm;a jq .=re isiq ks¾udK
ixLHdj 80"000 blaujd we;' ±kgu;a m<d;a uÜgfï ch.%dyl ch.%dysldjka
f;dard wjika w;r cd;sl uÜgfï ch.%dylhska wka;¾ cd;sl ;r.dj,sh
i|yd fhduq flf¾'
66
W;=re jika;h jevigyk hgf;a W;=re m<df;a oaú;Shsl mdi,a 125la
ioyd ,Snvq WmlrK iemhSu'
oaú;Shsl mdi,a 500la ioyd mß.Kl Wmdx. yd ,Snvq WmlrK ,nd§u'
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,d yodrk ;j;a isiqka 9000lg wjYH mqyqKq fudähq,
yd Bg wjeis uq,sl foa ñ,g .ekSu yd ;j;a isiqka 2046la ioyd mqyqKq
wjia:d ,nd §ug ie,iqï lr we;'
2010 jif¾ 12 fYa%‚fha bf.kqu ,nk wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d iys; by< bf.kqï
l=i,;d olajk ;j;a isiqka 7500lg isiqÈßh YsIH;aj msßkeóug ie,iqï
lr we;'
;j;a Type 2 mdi,a 30la ioyd mrs.Kl tall 30la boslsrSug ie,iqï lsÍu'
oaú;Shsl mdi,a ixj¾Okh ̂ biqre mdi,a&
Èjhsfka ish¨ u Èia;s%lal wdjrKh jk mßÈ oßø;d o¾Ylh Wmfhda.S
lrf.k oßø;djfhka jvd;au fmf<k m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYhlg tla
mdi,la ne.ska mdi,a 104la biqre mdi,a hgf;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu ioyd
f;dardf.k we;' tla mdi,lg remsh,a ñ,shk 35l uq,Huh wdfhdackhla
fjkalrkq ,nk w;r tu.ska kj f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍï" ±kg ;sfnk
f.dvke.s,s w¿;ajeähd lghq;= yd há;, myiqlï ,nd§u isÿflfrñka
wdl¾YŒh yd w.%.KH oaú;Shsl mdi,la f,iska w'fmd'i ^W'fm<& ish¨ u
úIh Odrd iys; mdi,a njg m;alsÍu fuys wfmalaIdjhs'
2010 ckjdß isg wf.daia;= olajd ld, mrdih ;=, mdi,a 72lg wÞ, remsh,a
ñ,shk 832l weia;fïka;= ilia lr wjika w;r" bka mdi,a 58lg wÞ<
remsh,a ñ,shk 670l l¾udka; ioyd fldka;%d;a;= m%Þkh lr we;'
biqre mdi,a 10l ish¿u bÈlsÍï ixj¾Ok lghq;= ksulr we;s w;r tAjd
isiq whs;shg mjrd fokq we;'
67
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" fmardfoKsh bx.S%is wOHdmkh ms,sn| w.%.KH
uOHia:dkh" ÿria: bf.kqï uOHia:dkh iy fjk;a úfYaI{ uÜgfï
.=Kd;aul ixj¾Ok jevigyka fufyhjñka biqre mdi,a n,.ekaùu Èh;a
lr we;'
2011 j¾Ifha § ie,iqï lr we;s m%Odk ld¾hhka
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,d yodrk ;j;a isiqka 5000lg re'10"000la ne.ska
jákd YsIH;aj 5000la m%odkh lsrSu'
11 yd 13 fYa%Ksj, bf.kqu ,nk yd ks¾Kdhl uq,slj f;dard .kq ,nk
olaI yd wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d j,ska hq;= ;j;a isiqka 7500la ioyd re' 5000la
jákd YsIH;ajhla msßkeóu'
2 j¾.fha mdi,a ioyd iy biqre mdi,a ioyd mß.Kl yd Wmdx." ,S nvq
yd WmlrK iemhSug lghq;= flf¾' fuys wfmalaIdj jkqfha mdi,a
orejkaf.a mß.Kl idlaIr;dj by< kxjñka ms%hckl bf.kqï b.ekaùï
jd;djrKhla iy;sl lsÍuhs'
68
;j;a .=reNj;=ka 7000la ioyd International Pedagogical ICT Driving License
(IPICT) mqyqKq YsIH;aj m%odkh lsÍug ie,iqï lrkq we;s w;r ñka wfmalaId
lrkqfha f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh (ICT) bf.kqï WmlrKhla
f,iska bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ;=, M,ÞhSj fhdÞ .ekSu m%p,s;
lsÍuhs'
HIV/AIDs wOHdmk yd fi!LH wOHdmk m%j¾Ok jevigyka fjkqfjka
uq,HdOdr imhñka fi!LH iïmkak <ud mrmqrla fjkqfjka Wiia udkisl
fi!LHhla Wreulr §ug ;jÿrg;a Þhl jkq we;'
Type 2 j¾.fha ;j;a mdi,a 52la ioyd mß.Kl tAll 52la bÈlsÍug
ie,iqïlr we;'
oaú;Shsl mdi,a ixj¾Okh ̂ biqre mdi,a&
• biqre mdi,a 104g wÞ, ish¨u l¾udka;j, b;sß weia;fïka;+ ilid
wjika lsÍug remsh,a ñ,shk 750lao wfkl=;a b;sß l¾udka; m%Þkh
lsÍug remsh,a ñ,shk 1600lao wdfhdackh lsÍug ie,iqï lr we;' tA
wkqj remsh,a ñ,shk 1400l uq,H m%.;shla wfmalaId lrk w;r ;j;a
biqre mdi,a 35l bÈlsÍï lghq;= 2011 jir ;=, wjika fldg tu mdi,ao
.=re isiq whs;shg mjrd§ug wfmalaIs;h'
• biqre mdi,a i|yd wjYH ,S nvq WmlrK" Wiia fm< úoHd.dr WmlrK"
mß.Kl úoHd.dr i|yd mß.Kl yd Wmdx. we;=¿ WmlrK iemhSug
lghq;= lrkq we;'
• biqre mdi,a ioyd wOHdmk .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okh ioyd mdi,a uágñka
ie,iqï fldg ls%hd;aul lsßug kshñ; ixj¾Ok ie,iqï n,.ekaùug
re' 100"000$- l wjuhla hgf;a ixj¾Ok uq,H m%Þkhla tla tla mdi,g
,ndfokq we;' mdi,a uÜgu n,.kajñka mdi,a wOHdmk ixj¾Ok
69
jevigyka Èß .ekaùu fuys uq,sl wruqKhs' fuys úfYaI;ajh jkqfha wÞ,
mdif,a ld¾hh idOk uÜgu wkqj fuu uq,H iïm;a wdfhdackh fo.=Khla
olajd jeä lr .ekSug mdi,g ,nd§ we;s wjia:djhs'
3'6'4 - hqksfi*a wdOdr ,nk jevigyka
hqksfi*a wdh;kh wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha úúO YdLd yryd l%shd;aul
lrkq ,nk úúO jevigyka rdYshlg uQ,HdOdr ,ndfok ,§' tu jevigyka
my; i|yka mßÈ ieflúka ±laúh yels h'
• ìï fndaïn wjodku ms<sn| wOHdmkh # hqo ;;a;ajh mej;s m%foaYj,
mdi,a orejkag ìï fndaïn wjodku ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd§u i|yd
bf.kqï øjH iy w;afmd;a imhd fok ,§'
• yÈis wdmod ms<sn| wOHdmkh # yÈis wdmod i|yd iQodkï j isàu hk
jevigyk W;=r yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, l%shd;aul lsÍu' iqkdñfhka
úkdY jq mdi,a 05la kej; bÈlrk ,§'
W;=re m<df;a bf.kqï läkï lsÍfï b.ekaùï jevigyk ^Acclerated
Learning Programme) l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd bf.kqï øjH ilia lsÍu iy
.=re mqyqKqj l%shd;aul lrk ,§'
• m<d;a yd l,dm uÜgfï ks,Odßka ;=< kshdukh i|yd o;a; yd f;dr;=re
Ndú;h ms<sn| ixLHdk Odß;d j¾Ok jevigyka ud,djla meje;aùu i|yd
ieug wOHdmkh YdLdj fj; uQ,HdOdr ,ndfok ,§'
• “ .%ykdOdr wOHdmkh “ yd “mdif,ka .s,syS .sh <uqka ms<sn| wOHhkh“
hk wOHhkhkaf.a ks¾foaYj,g wkqj uQ,sl idlaIr;d mqyqKq jevigyka o"
idlaIr mka;sj, orejka i|yd bf.kqï øjH imhd§u o hqksfi*a wdOdrfhka
;%shd;aul lrk ,oS' fkdúêu;a wOHdmk lghq;= m%dfoaYSh uÜgñka kshdukh
lsÍu i|yd fkdúêu;a wOHdmk ks,OdÍka fj; h;=remeÈ 12la ,ndfok
,oS'
70
• m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ;=< <ud ñ;=re mdi,a ixl,amh f.dvke.Su iy jHdma;
lsÍu hk m%Odk wruqK fmr±ß j mdi,a 1500la i|yd hqksfi*a wdOdr ,nd
§ we;' bÈßfha § iuia; mdi,a moaO;sh i|yd u fuh jHdma; lsÍug
wfmalaIs; h'
2010 j¾Ih i|yd ork ,o wdfhdackh re# ñ,shk 35la muK fõ'
3'6'5 - cS'à'bfiâ ̂ c¾uka ;dlaIKsl iyfhda.s;d wdh;kh& wdOdrfhka
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk iudc tald.%;dj i|yd wOHdmk jevigyk'
♦ nyqjd¾.sl yd nyqNdISh iudchl ish,a,kag u idufhka tla j Ôj;aùug
wjYH l=i,;d wOHdmkh yd ufkda iudchSh iq/l=u hk ixrpl fol
Tiafia orejkag ,nd§u fuu jevigyfka uq,sl wruqK hs' óg wod< ld¾hhka
w;r"
♦ iudc taldnoaO;dj i|yd wOHhkh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh mdi,a
úIhud,dj ;=<ska l%shd;aul lsÍug iydh§u'
♦ fojk cd;sl NdIdj f,i isxy, yd fou< b.ekaùu ms<sn| .=re mqyqKqj
,nd§u'
♦ úfoaY NdIdjla f,i bx.%Sis b.ekaúu ms<sn| .=re mqyqKqj ,nd§u'
♦ mdi,a orejka w;r wdmod ;;a;ajhkag iQodkïùu" wdmod je<elaùu yd
wdmod wju lsÍu ms<sn| j wOHdmkh yd mqyqKqj ,nd§u'
♦ .egqï mej;s m%foaYj, yd È<s÷ m%foaYj, orejkag kej; mdi,g we;=<;aùu
i|yd wjYH;d mokï j ieliqkq úIh iu.dó mdGud,dj,g iyNd.s
lrùu fyda m%d.ajD;a;Sh olaI;d ,nd§u'
♦ .egqï mej;s m%foaYj, orejkaf.a yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, idudðlhkaf.a
udkisl fi!LH by< kexùu m%uqL;djfhys,d bgq flf¾'
71
mßÑfþoh 04
wOHdmksl o;a; yd ñkqï wdY%s;úYaf,aIKh
4'1' ye¢kaùu
idudkH wOHdmkfha iuia; iajrEmh u;=jk whqßka f;dard.;a o;a; yd
ñkqï lsysmhla wdY%s; j fuys,d f;dr;=re bÈßm;a flfrhs' m%Odk jYfhka
wOHdmk moaO;sh ms<sn| uQ,sl ixLHd;aul f;dr;=re" YsIH idOkh iy wOHdmkh
i|yd cd;sl Okh wdfhdackh lsÍu ms<sn| f;dr;=re o úfYaIfhka bÈßm;a
lr we;'
72
4'2 idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| uQ,slixLHd;aul f;dr;=re
4'2'1 j.=j - YS% ,xldfõ rcfha mdi,a ixLHdj 2005 - 2009
))igyk # ls,sfkdÉÑ yd uq,;sõ osia;s%lal ;=< ish,q u rcfha mdi,a o ukakdru iy
jjqkshdj osia;s%lal ;=< we;eï rcfha mdi,a o 2009 cqks 01 ix.Kk
oskh jk úg ;djld,slj jid ;snqKs'
by; f;dr;=re wkqj mdi,a ixLHdfõ l%ñl yd ishqï wvqùula olakg
,efí' fuys § b;d l=vd YsIH ixLHdjla iys; mdi,a Bg wdikakfha msysgd we;s
;j;a mdi,la yd iu. taldnoaOùula moaO;sh ;=<ska ±lsh yels h'
j¾Ih yd mdi,a ixLHdj
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih
niakdysr 1356 1353 1351 1340 1340
uOHu 1466 1467 1464 1459 1460
ol=K 1097 1093 1096 1094 1098
W;=r 888 892 890 877 597
kef.kysr 972 971 948 969 985
jhU 1224 1221 1220 1218 1219
W;=re ueo 781 782 776 774 776
W!j 830 831 831 832 831
inr.uqj 1109 1104 1102 1099 1104
YS% ,xldj 9723 9714 9678 9662 9410))
*;djld,slj m%ldYs;
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
m<d;m<d;m<d;m<d;m<d;
73
4'2'2 j.=j - fm!oa.,sl mdi,a iy msßfjka ixLHdj 2005 - 2009
by; ixLHd wkqj fm!oa.,sl mdi,a ixLHdj fuka u" msßfjka ixLHdj o
iq¿ jYfhka j¾Okh jk nj fmfka'
4'2'3 j.=j - rcfha mdi,ays .=rejreka ixLHdj 2005 - 2009
wdh;k 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
úfYaIh j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih
fm!oa.,sl 85 91 94 92 98
mdi,a
msßfjka 653 654 658 691 697
*;djld,slj m%ldYs;
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
m<d; 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih
niakdysr 38038 41410 42033 41349 40217
uOHu 27260 29760 32095 32035 30792
ol=K 26173 28408 29137 29565 29404
W;=r 11360 13363 12195 12387 11263
kef.kysr 15760 17530 17233 17565 19861
jhU 25105 26323 26808 26978 27417
W;=re ueo 11968 12570 12491 14138 14561
W!j 14839 15646 16453 17339 18492
inr.uqj 18731 20819 21756 21856 21687
YS% ,xldj 189234 205829 210201 213212 213694))
*;djld,slj m%ldYs;
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
74
))igyk ^1& # ls,sfkdÉÑ yd uq,;sõ osia;s%lal ;=< ish,q u rcfha mdi,a o ukakdru
iy jjqkshdj osia;s%lal ;=< we;eï rcfha mdi,a o 2009 cqks 01
ix.Kk oskh jk úg ;djld,slj jid ;snqKs'
igyk ^2& # 2009 j¾Ifha mdi,a ix.Kkh isÿ lrk wjia:dj jk úg iuia;
.=re ixLHdjg wOHdmk úoHdmSG kjl .=re Nj;=ka yd bx.%Sis udOH
.=re Nj;=ka n|jd .ekSu hgf;a jk .=re ixLHd we;=<;a ù fkdue;s
w;r tu ixLHd o we;=<;a jQ úg 2009 j¾Ifha iuia; ixLHdj
216614 muK jkq we;'
4'2'1 m%ia;drh
iuia; .=rejre ixLHdfõ j¾Okh 2005- 2009
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
2005 j¾Ihg idfmalaI j 2009 j¾Ih jk úg iuia; .=re ixLHdfõ
j¾Okh 27380ls' th m%;sY;hla f,ig 14] j¾Okh ùuls' fï wkqj .=rejreka
iemhSfï ie,lsh hq;= ixLHd;aul j¾Okhla fmkakqï lrk w;r" .=re Wmfhda.S;dj
Wmßu jk f,i .=rejreka ia:dk.; lsÍu ms<sn| .eg¿j úi£u flfrys ;jÿrg;a
wjOdkh fhduq flfrkq we;'
j¾Ih
.=re
ixL
Hdj
75
4'2'4 j.=j - fm!oa.,sl mdi,a iy msßfjka .=rejre ixLHdj 2005 - 2009
by; f;dr;=re wkqj rcfha mdi,aj, fuka u fm!oa.,sl mdi,a yd
msßfjka .=rejreka ixLHdfõ o j¾Okhla isÿù we;s nj fmfka'
4'2'5 j.=j - kjl .=rejreka n|jd .ekSu" 2010 n|jd .;a ixLHdj iy 2011
n|jd .ekSug kshñ; .=re ixLHdj
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih
fm!oa.,sl 5"000 5"266 5"414 5"454 5"701
mdi,a
msßfjka 5"481 5"528 5"593 5"744 5"943
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
2010 j¾Ifha n|jd.;a .=re ixLHdj 2011 n|jd .ekSug kshñ; .=re ixLHdj
n|jd
.ekSug kshñ;
ixLHdj
wOHdmk úoHdmSG 2543 wOHdmk úoHdmSG 3021
YSlaIK úoHd YslaIK úoHd
ämaf,daudOdrska ämaf,daudOdrska
WmdêOdrS .=rejreka 174 ngysr ix.S; 200
fu!,ú .=rejreka 111 fu!,ú .=rejreka 212
bx.S%is udOH .=rejreka 410 O¾udpd¾h 2267
fi!kao¾h 3174
tl;=j 3238 tl;=j 88748874887488748874
uQ,dY%h - wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
.=re j¾.hn|jd .;a
ixLHdj.=re j¾.h
76
2010 j¾Ifha n|jd.;a kjl .=re ixLHdj 3238 ls' fudjqka .=re ysÕhla
iys; úIhhka wdjrKh jk mߢ n|jd.kakd ,§' tfuka u 2011 j¾Ih i|yd o kjl
.=rejreka 8874 la n|jd .ekSug ±kgu;a ie,iqï lr ;sfí' fuu n|jd .ekSï o
moaO;sfha .=re ysÕh iys; úIh j¾. fjkqfjkau fhduqlrkq ,efí'
4'2'6 j.=j - uq¿ .=re ixLHdj ;=< WmdêOdrS .=re ixLHdfú j¾Okh
2006 - 2009
4'2'2 m%ia;drh - iuia; .=rejreka ixLHdj ;=< WmdêOdß .=re ixLHdfõ j¾Okh
m%;sY;hla f,i
j¾Ih WmdêOdÍ .=rejreka ixLHdfõ iuia; .=rejrka ixLHdj ;=<
j¾Okh WmdêOdÍ .=rejreka ixLHdfõ
j¾Okh m%;sY;hla f,i
2006 68705 33'57
2007 72374 34'59
2008 73549 34'67
2009 77223 35'75
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
%
77
moaO;sfha isgsk iEu .=re Njf;l= u WmdêOdrsfhl= njg m;alsÍu b;d
jeo.;a fõ' fuh wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul Ndjh by< kxjd,Sfï uQ,sl
wjYH;djhls' tfia i,lñka l%shd lsÍu wud;HdxYfha ms<sfj; jk w;r" oekg
WmdêOdÍ .=re ixLHdfõ m%;sY;h 35] blaujd isáhs'
4'2'7' j.=j - rcfha mdi,aj, YsIH ixLHd 2005 -2009
4'2'8 j.=j - fm!oa.,sl mdi,a iy msßfjka YsIH ixLHdj 2005 - 2009
m<d; 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
niakdysr 879"838 857"985 894"752 898"299 904263
uOHu 519"564 504"392 519"123 517"680 519"778
ol=K 512"834 494"554 508"293 506"471 505"558
W;=r 266"448 264"926 267"856 261"499 177"252
kef.kysr 377"129 372"523 379"072 378"317 382"995
jhU 468"747 456"325 468"778 469"084 471"063
W;=re ueo 255"833 248"610 253"132 252"482 252"771
W!j 287"448 277"330 282"232 280"261 279"832
inr.uqj 374"236 360"903 368"947 366"358 366"664
YS% ,xldj 3"942"077 3"837"548 3"942"185 3"930"451 3"860"1763"860"1763"860"1763"860"1763"860"176
);djld,slj m%ldYs;
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih j¾Ih
fm!oa.,sl 106"262 106"126 113"884 115"070 114"974
mdi,a
msßfjka 55"173 55"292 54"935 56"065 58"098
);djld,slj m%ldYs;
uQ,dY%h - jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
78
rcfha mdi,aj,g we;=<;ajk YsIH ixLHdj wdikak jYfhka miq.sh j¾I
my we;=<; ñ,shk 3'9 l muK w.hla f.k we;' th miq.sh j¾I lsysmh ;=<
ie,lsh hq;= úp,khla fkdfmkajhs' Y%S ,xldfõ Wm;a wkqmd;slhg wkqj mdi,a
hd hq;= jhfia ck.yk j¾Ok fõ.h wvqùu fuhg tla fya;=jla f,i ±lsh yels
h' uE; ld,fha hï YsIH m%;sY;hla rcfha cd,fhka neyer j fm!oa.,sl mdi,aj,g
we;=<;a ùu o ;j;a fya;=jla f,i ie,lsh yels h'
4'2'9 j.=j - YsIH ixLHdj wkqj mdi,a ixLHdfõ úiqreu - 2009
m<d; mdi,a ixLHdj
niakdysr 100 127 220 164 215 348 98 68 1340
uOHu 246 246 310 158 197 249 36 18 1460
ol=K 129 175 231 138 159 188 47 31 1098
W;=r 120 104 122 74 65 99 11 2 597
kef.kysr 115 140 205 132 133 218 39 3 985
jhU 203 181 275 131 162 203 44 20 1219
W;=re ueo 176 123 143 90 106 110 19 9 776
W!j 158 119 189 97 96 141 26 5 831
inr.uqj 263 169 217 131 124 164 18 18 1104
YS% ,xldj 1510 1384 1912 1115 1257 1720 338 174 9410
uq¿ mdi,aixLHdfõm%;sY;hla 16] 15] 20] 12] 13] 18] 4] 2]f,i
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
1 -
50
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
51 -
100
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
101
- 20
0
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
201
- 30
0
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
301
- 50
0
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
501
- 15
00
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
1501
- 2
500
YsIH
ixL
Hdj
2501
iy
by
<
tl
;=j
uQ,dY%h # jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh 2009
79
igyk # ls,sfkdÉÑ iy uq,;sõ osia;s%lal ;=< ish¨ u rcfha mdi,a o ukakdru
iy jjqkshdj osia;s%lal ;=< we;eï rcfha mdi,a o 2009'06'01 ix.Kk
oskh jk úg ;djld,sl j jid ;snqKs'
4'2'3 m%ia;drh - YsIH ixLHdj wkqj mdi,a ixLHdfõ úiqreu uq¿ mdi,a
ixLHdfõ m%;sY;hla f,i - 2009
uQ,dY%h # jd¾Isl mdi,a ix.Kkh 2009
YsIH ixLHdj wkqj mdi,aj, úisreu i,ld n,k úg YsIH ixLHdj 50
g wvq mdi,a ixLHdj 2009 j¾Ifha uq¿ mdi,a ixLHdfjka 16] ls' tfia u 2500 g
jeä YsIH ixLHdjla isák mdi,a ixLHdj 2] ls' tfuka u moaO;sh ;=< we;s mdi,a
w;ßka YsIH ixLHdj 500g wvq mdi,a m%;sY;h 75]la blaujk nj o ie,lsh hq;=
lreKls' fuu m%jk;dj mdi,a moaO;sh ;=, is;shïlrKhla isÿlr mdi,a úpdrj;a
lsÍfï jevigyka l%shdjg kexùh hq;= njg mokula imhhs' fï i|yd wjYH
ueosy;a ùula f,ig f¾Çh wud;HdxYfha fufyhùfuka mdi,a moaO;sh úpdrj;a
lsÍfï wNHdihla oekgu;a m<d;a uÜgñka isÿlrñka mj;shs'
g jeä
80
4'3 YsIH idOkh ms<sn| uQ,slixLHd;aul f;dr;=re
4'3'1' j.=j - 5 fYa%Ksh YsIH;aj úNd.fhka ,l=Kq 70 fyda Bg jeäfhka
,nd.;a YsIH m%;sY;h 2007 - 2009
^tla m%Yak m;%hla i|yd wju jYfhka ,l=Kq 35 ne.ska ,nd.;a&
5 fY%aKsh YsIH;aj úNd.fhka ,l=Kq 70 g jeä ixLHdjla ,enQ YsIH
m%;sY;h 2007 yd 2009 j¾Ij, idudkHfhka 58] la muK úh' m%d:ñl wOHdmkfha
by< idOkSh ;;a;ajhla ;yjqre lsÍu msKsi YsIH;aj úNd.fha m%;sM, by,
kexùu i|yd jevigyka lsysmhla l%shd;aul lsÍug mshjr f.k we;' ,l=Kq 70 g
jvd jeäfhka ,nd.kakd YsIHhska i|yd úfYaI l=i,;d iy;slhla ksl=;a lsÍu
flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq ù ;sfí'
jir ixLHdj m%;sY;h
2007 166"934 58'83
2008 108"545 39'45
2009 167"802 57'63
uQ,dY%h # YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j
81
4'3'2' j.=j - w'fmd'i ^id'fm<& úNd.fha yd w'fmd'i ^W'fm<& úNd.fha mdi,a
whÿïlrejkaf.a idOkh 2005 - 2009
4'3'1 m%ia;drh - w'fmd'i ^id'fm<& úNd.fha § iy w'fmd'i ^W'fm<& úNd.fha §
YsIH idOk uÜgfï j¾Okh -2005-2009
ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj m%;sY;h
2005 146'862 47'72 102'854 59'20
2006 144'348 48'70 103'557 52'40
2007 153'460 49'14 104'479 61'41
2008 175'399 55'65 112'866 62'89
2009 150'797 48'51 108'725 61'21
uQ,dY%h # YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j
w'fmd'i^id'fm<& úNd.h
iu;aj w'fmd'i ^W'fm<&
yeoEÍug iqÿiqlï ,enQ
úYajúoHd, m%fõYh
i|yd whÿï lsÍug
iqÿiqlï ,enQjir
iqÿiql
ï ,
enQ m
%;sY
;h
uQ,dY%h # YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j
82
by; o;a; wkqj fmkS hkafka w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.h iu;a j w'fmd'i'
^W'fm<& yeoEÍu ioyd 50]lg wdikak YsIH m%udKhla iqÿiqlï imqrk nj h'
fuh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd l%fudamdhsl ls%hdud¾. /ila wkq.ukh
flfrhs' wdo¾Y m%Yakm;%" miq.sh úsNd. m%Yak m;%" jdr wjidk úNd. úêu;a
lsÍu" úNd. t,a, lr .;a iïuka;%K meje;aùu fuys,d m%Odk fõ'
w'fmd'i' ̂ W'fm<& úNd. m%;sM, l%ñl j j¾Okh jk njla o by; ixLHd
wkqj fmkS hhs' fï ksid u Wiia wOHdmk wjia:d jv jvd;a mq¿,a lÍfï wNsfhda.h
jvd;a ld,Sk wjYH;djla ùS we;s nj fmfka'
4'3'1' m%ia;drh - w'fmd'i' ^id'fm<& úNd.h m%Odk úIhhka lsysmhla ms<sn|
^m<uqjr fmkS isá& mdi,a whÿïlrejkaf.a idOkh 2005 -2009
uQ,dY%h # YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j
w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& yeoEÍug iqÿiqlï ,nk YsIH ixLHdj jeä l< hq;=
neúka .Ks;h" úoHdj" bx.%Sis hk úIhkaf.ka iu;a jk YsIH ixLHdj ;jÿrg;a
j¾Okh l< hq;= nj fmfka'
iu;
a m%;
sY;
h
j¾Ih
83
úIhhka wkqj olajd we;s m%;sM, igyfka iuia;hla f,ig ie,l+ úg"
idOkh by< uÜgul mj;S' .Ks; úIhfhys idOk uÜgu 2005 isg 2009 olajd
ms<sfj,ska 44] isg 50] olajd j¾Okh ù ;sîu i;=gqodhl lreKls' úoHdj iy
bx.%Sis úIhkays idOk uÜgu ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh l< hq;= j we;' uõNdIdj f,i
isxy, yd fou< úIhhkays idOk uÜgu idfmalaI j by< uÜgul mj;S'
4'3'3 j.=j # 4jk fYa%Ksfha isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï ixikaokh
4 jk fYa%‚fha isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï ixikaokh lsÍfï § m<uq
NdIdj .‚;h iy bx.%Sis hk úIhka ;=fkys u idOk uÜgu 2003 j¾Ihg
idfmalaIj 2009 j¾Ifha § j¾Okh ù we;s nj fmfka' flfia jqjo bx.%Sis úIfhys
m%dma;s uÜgu ;jÿrg;a by< kexúh hq;= nj fmkS hhs' tfukau m<d;a w;r
mj;sk úIu;djhka wju lsÍug o mshjr .ekSu wjYHj we;'
,l=Kq 50 % g jvd ,nd.;a isiqkaf.a wkqmd;h
m<uq NdIdj .‚;h bx.%Sis
2003 2007 2009 2003 2007 2009 2003 2007 2009
niakdysr
uOHu
ol=K
W;=r
kef.kysr
jhU
W;=reueo
W!j
inr.uqj
Y%S ,xldj
uQ,dY%h # 4 jk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï ms<sn| cd;sl we.hSu" cd;sl wOHdmk
m¾fhaIK iy we.hSï uOHia:dkh
81.7 88.2 86.3 80.5 88.8 86.5 53.1 68.0 74.1
77.0 79.4 78.5 63.5 79.0 76.8 31.6 44.6 55.9
72.0 83.3 86.1 71.5 84.5 85.2 36.0 54.8 62.4
61.0 78.7 83.7 53.3 76.5 79.5 22.9 39.9 54.8
57.7 72.7 73.7 52.3 74.6 70.2 21.9 44.3 41.9
75.1 85.5 87.1 74.0 85.7 86.4 32.0 54.9 64.8
70.7 83.4 83.1 72.1 84.5 81.8 29.3 43.3 50.6
64.2 77.4 79.8 62.5 78.1 80.8 27.3 40.3 51.9
70.8 81.4 86.5 68.5 82.6 87.1 33.4 46.7 64.2
68.9 81.1 82.9 66.5 81.5 81.8 31.9 48.5 58.4
m<d;
84
4'3'4 j.=j # 8 yd 10 fYa%Ksj, isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï # 2005 yd 2008
8 jk fY%a‚fha isiqkaf.a m<uq NdIdj" úoHdj yd ;dlaIKh iy .‚;h
hk úIhkays idOk uÜgu 2005 j¾Ihg idfmalaIj 2008 j¾Ifha § j¾Okh ù
;snqk o uOHkH ,l=K ;jÿrg;a by< kexúh hq;= j we;' 10 jk fY%a‚fha § o
tu ;;a;ajh tf,iska u ±lsh yels h' m<d;a w;r ixikaokh lsÍfï § iq¨
úIu;djhka ±lsh yel' fuu ;;a;ajhka u.yer m<d;a w;r úIu;djhka o
wju jk fia iuia; YsIH idOk uÜgu by< kexùfï,d jevigyka rdYshla
ls%hd;aul lsÍug mshjr f.k we;'
bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï j, uOH w.hhka
m<d;
8 fYa%Ksh 10 fYa%Ksh
niakdysr
uOHu
ol=K
W;=r
kef.kysr
jhU
W;=reueo
W!j
inr.uqj
Y%S ,xldj
m<uqNdIdj
úoHd yd;dlaIKh
.Ks;h m<uqNdIdj
úoHd yd;dlaIKh
.Ks;h
2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2005 2005
63'30 64'13 56'73 63'78 48'45 56'90 60'91 50'76 46'38
59'10 51'62 52'85 57'54 44'83 49'30 55'80 49'03 42'62
58'80 59'08 50'33 56'06 44'27 48'64 60'75 54'32 44'86
58'36 59'27 55'68 47'09 43'72 47'53 57'75 50'50 46'16
57'79 57'14 53'15 48'69 44'78 45'98 58'16 50'00 44'94
61'04 65'21 51'34 59'38 45'26 52'69 60'81 51'34 45'74
60'43 58'97 47'29 56'12 46'94 48'35 59'62 49'59 44'18
58'74 56'39 52'93 52'29 43'27 45'57 57'23 48'93 43'83
59'65 61'90 54'43 58'36 44'68 50'42 58'52 49'26 44'18
59'89 59'87 53'19 56'32 45'19 50'45 58'61 49'97 44'71
uQ,dY%h # 8 iy 10 jk fY%a‚j, isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%dma;s uÜgï ms<sn| cd;sl we.hSu" cd;slwOHdmk m¾fhaIK iy we.hSï uOHia:dkh
85
4'4 f;dard.;a wOHdmk o¾Yl wkqjwOHdmkfha m%udKd;aul yd.=Kd;aul ixj¾Okh iei£u1994" 2007" 2009
4'4'1' j.=j - f;dard .;a wOHdmk o¾Yl ^1994"2007"2009&
uQ,dY% # YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j" wOHdmk
wud;HdxYh
wOHdmk o¾Ylh 1994 2007 2009
w'fmd'i' ^id'fm<& iu;a m%;sY;h 22'51 49'14 48'51
w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& iu;a m%;sY;h 44'91 61'41 61'21
idlaIr;dj 90'10 94'20 -
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK idlaIr;dj - 16'1 20'3
^wjq#5-69 jhia iSudfõ ck.ykh ie,l+ úg&
tal YsIH wOHdmk msßjeh ^remsh,a& 16"620 18"905 23"607
ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï iys; mdi,a ixLHdj 63'58 78'16 95'4
uq¿ mdi,a ixLHdfõ ] f,i
mqia;ld, myiqlï iys; mdi,a ixLHdj 49'0 53'0 63'0
uq¿ mdi,a ixLHdfõ ] f,i
mß.Kl myiqlï iys; 1taî iy 1iS 10'0 80'0 80'3
mdi,a ixLHdj uq¿ 1taî iy 1iS
mdi,a ixLHdfõ m%;sY;hla f,i
mß.Kl myiqlï iys; 2 yd 3 j¾.fha 2'0 8'0 18'7
mdi,a ixLHdj uq¿ 2 yd 3 j¾.fha mdi,a
ixLHdfõ m%;sY;hla f,i
.=re YsIH wkqmd;h 22(1 18(1 17(1
1 taî mdi,a ixLHdj 566 681 700
5 jk fY%aKsh olajd /£ isàfï wkqmd;h 97'7 98'2
9 jk fY%aKsh olajd /£ isàfï wkqmd;h 92'2 95'8
86
igyk # 1 ta î mdi,a - w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úoHd" l,d" jdKsc hk
úIhOdrd ;=k u iys; mdi,a
1 iS mdi,a - w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& l,d" jdKsc hk úIhOdrd
muKla iys; mdi,a
2 j¾.fha mdi,a - w'fmd'i' ^id'fm<& olajd muKla meje;afjk
mdi,a
3 j¾.fha mdi,a - m%d:ñl fY%aKs muKla fyda wgjk fY%aKsh olajd
muKla meje;afjk mdi,a
4'4'1 j.=fjys i|yka wOHdmk o¾Yl u.ska fmkakqï lrkafka idfmalaI j
wOHdmk moaO;sfha i;=gqodhl j¾Okhhs' fï wkqj 1994g idfmalaI j ish¨ u
wOHdmk o¾Yl u.ska ie<lsh hq;= j¾OkSh ;;a;ajhla fmkakqï lr we;' fï
wkqj wOHdmkh fjkqfjka rcfha wdfhdackh M<odhS f,i Ndú;hg .ksñka Y%S
,xldfõ udkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh Yla;su;a j bosrshg .uka lrk njg
m%jk;djka ñka Èia fõ'
4'5 wOHdmk msßjeh
4'5'1' m%ia;drh - tal YsIH wOHdmk úhou - idudkH wOHdmkh ^2007-2010&
tAl
YsIH
wOHd
mk
úhou r
e'
j¾Ih
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
87
2007 j¾Ihg idfmalaI j 2010 j¾Ih jk úg tal YsIH wOHdmk msßjeh 37]
lska j¾Okh ù we;' wOHdmkh wkd.; wdfhdackhla f,ig i,ld wOHdmkh i|yd
fjka lrkq ,nk rdcH uQ,H m%udKh os.ska os.g u j¾Okh ùu i;=gqodhl ;;a;ajhls'
4'5'2' j.=j - idudkH wOHdmkh i|yd jQ wdfhdackh - mqkrdja¾;k yd m%d.aOk
úhou 2005 - 2009
4'5'2' m%ia;drh - idudkH wOHdmkh i|yd jQ wdfhdackfha j¾Okh 2005 -2009
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmkwud;HdxYh
wOHd
mk
úhou r
e' ñ
,shk
j¾Ih
2005 45"737'75 7"556'16 53"293'91
2006 58"872'57 5"308'95 64"181'52
2007 64"822'66 9"705'09 74"527'75
2008 76"554'26 8"158'53 84"712'79
2009 83"447'85 7"743'53 91"191'38
uQ,dY%h # wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
j¾Ih
wOHdmk úhou re # ñ,shk iuia;
wOHdmk
úhou
re#
ñ,shk
mqkrdj¾;k
úhoum%d.aOk
úhou
88
rg
Y=oaO f,aLk.;YsIH wkqmd;h
m%d:ñl
mqyqKq
.=rejrekaf.a
m%;sY;h
5 jk fY%aKsh
olajd /£
isàfï
wkqmd;h
m%d:ñl
fY%aKsj, kej;
/£ isàfï
m%;sY;hm%d:ñl oaú;Shsl
uQ,dY%h-Global Education Digest – 2010 , ieug wOHdmk o¾Yl - 2008
nx.a,dfoaYh 88 41 54 55 13
N+;dkh 88 47 91 96 7
bkaÈhdj 96 - - 66 3
ud,Èjhsk 96 75 68 94 4
fkamd,h - 69 74 62 14
mdlsia:dkh 66 33 85 - 4
Y%S ,xldj 99 91 95 98 1
idudkH wOHdmkh i|yd rdcH wdfhdackh 2005g idfmalaI j 2009 oS
j¾Okh ù we;s m%;sY;h 71]la fõ' tu m%jk;djh mqkrdj¾;k úhou ;=< o
±lsh yels h' tfukau m%d.aOk úhou ;=< o tu m%jk;dj we;slr,Su i|yd yels
iEu m%h;akhla u orkq we;'
4'6 Y%S ,xldfõ wOHdmk uÜguol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfhawfkl=;a rgj, wOHdmk uÜguiu. ii|d ne,Sula
4'6'1' j.=j - ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh rgj, wOHdmk o;a; iei§ula
89
by; f;dr;=re wkqj ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh
i|yd by< u Y=oaO f,aLk.; YsIH ixLHd wkqmd;h jd¾;d ù we;af;a
Y%S ,xldfjka ùu lemS fmfkk ;;a;ajhla jk w;r" fuh wOHdmkh
i|yd rdcH yd l=gqïN uÜgfï m%uqL;dj ksrEmKh lrhs' m%d:ñl wOHdmkh
i|yd cd;sfha iEu orefjl=g u mdfya wjia:dj i,id§ug moaO;shg
yelsùu jeo.;a lreKls'
ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< m%d:ñl wOHdmkh i|yd mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a by< u
m%;sY;h jk 95] jd¾;d jkqfha o Y%S ,xldfjka ùu úfYaI ch.%yKhls'
fuh ;j;a w;lska m%d:ñl wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn| m%n,
iy;slhla fia ie,lsh yels h'
5 jk fY%aKsh olajd /£isàfï wkqmd;h ol=Kq wdishdfõ jeä u wkqmd;h
jk 98] jd¾;d jkqfha Y%S ,xldfjks' ñka .uH jkafka m%d:ñl wxYh i|yd
we;=<;a jk orejka iEu fofkl=g u mdfya tu pl%h iïmQ¾K lr,Sug
yelsjk nj h'
m%d:ñl wxYh ;=< wvq u wiu;aùfï m%;sY; h o fmkakqï lrkqfha Y%S
,xldfjks'
91
fy;tpapd; Gjpa Nehf;F
fy;tp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; - 2010
kw;Wk;
cj;Njr vjpu;fhy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; - 2011
fy;tp mikr;rpd; ntspaPL(jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; nrayhw;Wif kPsha;Tf; fpisapdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ)
93
nfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jp
k p̀e;j rpe;jid Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;F Kd;Dupik toq;fp fy;tpapd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fis
cs;slf;fpthW jahupf;fg;gl;lLs;s 2010 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupa fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
kw;Wk; 2011 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupajhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;L Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gl;Ls;s
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fshf; nfhz;l ,t;twpf;if 2011 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhf fy;tp nrytpdj;
jiyg;G fye;Jiuahly; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ,e;j Kf;fpa re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rku;g;gpf;ff;
fpilj;jikiaapl;L ngUk; kfpo;r;rp milfpNwd;.
ehl;bd; KO rKjhaj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpapdJk;; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpapdJk; Md;kPfg;
gz;G tpUj;jpapdJk; mbj;jsj;ij toq;fp Njitahd jPu;f;fkhd gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba kpf Kf;fpaJiwahff; fy;tpapd; %yk; ehl;bd; KO mgptpUj;jpiaj;
Jupjg;gLj;jTk; kw;Wk; jpirKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gzpfs;
msg;gupaJ. rkfhy kw;Wk; g+Nfhs rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;tjw;Fk; cs;ehl;Lf;
fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; milahsq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; fy;tpia toq;Ftjw;fhf
ePbj;j epue;ju Gjpa rl;lj;jpd; Njitia czu;e;J mjprpwe;j gad;kpf;f Gjpa fy;tpr;
rl;lj;ij jahupj;J mKy;;g;gLj;JtJ gpujhd Njitahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpiaf; fUtpahff; fUjp mwpitf;
Nfe;jpukhff; nfhz;l r%fj;jpd; efuq;fisg; Nghd;W fpuhkq;fspYs;s rpwhu;fSf;Fk;
fy;tpapd; rk re;ju;g;gj;ij mDgtpf;f tha;g;ig toq;ff;$bathW rfy
ghlj;JiwfisAk; mKy;g;gLj;Jk; mjprpwe;jjhf 1000 ghlrhiyfis mgptpUj;jp
nra;Ak; ghupa nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhff; fy;tp mikr;R cau;e;jgl;rk;
ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ.
ePz;lfhykhfj; jPu;f;fg;glhjpUe;j ,Ue;j gy jPu;f;fkhd gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J
,yq;if fy;tp epu;thf Nritapd; 1Mk; tFg;gpd; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;fhf tpupthd
mbg;gilapy; gjtp cau;Tfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; mt; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis cupathW
epiyg;gLj;Jtw;Fk; cupa eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd; %yk; mjp
caupa jpwikfisf; nfhz;l tpNrlkhf caupa khdplg; gz;Gfs;> ,aYikfs;
nfhz;l gad;kpf;f gpui[fis cUthf;Fk; mbj;jskhf ghlrhiyf; fy;tp
gyg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhf kpf kfpo;r;rpAld; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpw;fika Mrpahtpd; Mr;rupakpf;f Njrkhf
,yq;ifia khw;wpaikf;Fk; mbg;gil vjpu;ghu;g;ig vl;Ltjw;fhf Ik;ngUk; rf;jpapd;
Nfe;jpu mgptpUj;jpg; gpuNtrj;jpw;Fs; kpfTk; nraw;wpwd;kpf;f caupa kl;lj;jpy; fy;tpf;fhd
re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;fp fy;tpf;fhd rkTupikia cWjp nra;tjd; %yk; r%f
epahaj;Jld; Njrj;jpd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;if gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fy;tp mikr;Rf;F
ghupa gq;fspg;ig toq;f KbAk; vd;gJ vdJ ek;gpf;ifahFk;. ,jw;fhf mu;g;gzpg;Gld;
vk; midtUf;Fk; nrayhw;w KbAk; vd typAWj;JfpNwd;.
ge;Jy Fztu;jdge;Jy Fztu;jdge;Jy Fztu;jdge;Jy Fztu;jdge;Jy Fztu;jd
fy;tp mikr;ru;
95
nfsut gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jpnfsut gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;J nra;jp
2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;by;
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba nraw;ghLfs; cs;spl;l Kd;Ndw;w
mwpf;iff;fhf tho;j;Jf;fis njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;s re;ju;g;gk;
fpilj;jikiaapl;L kfpo;r;rpailfpNwd;.
fy;tp mikr;R kw;Wk; mjDld; ,ize;j gy;NtWgl;l
epWtdq;fspdhy; 2010Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gzpfs; %yk;
fy;tpapy; ,Jtiuapy; jPu;f;fg;glhj gy rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;s
Kbe;jd. fy;tp mikr;Rf;F Gjpa xOq;fikg;Gf; fl;likg;ig
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sik ghupa Kd;Ndw;wfukhd khw;wkhf
,Ug;gJld;> fy;tp mikr;rpd; caupa gjtpfspy; gjpy; flik
mbg;gilapy; ,Ue;j cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf ,g;gjtpf;fhf
,yq;iff; fy;tp epu;thf Nritapy; Kjyhk; tFg;G epue;ju
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis epakpf;f Kbe;jik ghupa ntw;wpahFk;.
fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juj;ij Jupjfjpapy; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
mgptpUj;jpAld; $ba gy;NtWgl;l jpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
vjpu;tUk; fhyj;jpy; mt; mgptpUj;jp ,yf;if miltJ mikr;rpd;
ghupa nghWg;ghfTs;sJ. mikr;Rf;Fupa rfy gjtpfisAk; nfhz;l
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; nraw;rhjid kl;lq;fis cau;e;j mbg;gilapy;
njhlu;r;rpahf Nkw;ghu;it nra;J Njrj;jpd; ,sk; rpwhu;fsJ
vjpu;fhyj;ij ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Njitg;gLk; jpwikfisf; nfhz;l
Njrj;jpw;F md;G nrYj;Jk; Njrg;gw;Ws;stu;fshf khw;wpaikf;Fk;
rthiy fy;tp mikr;R Vw;W nraw;gLfpd;wJ.
k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpw;fika 2011Mk; Mz;L
fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtr uPjpapyhd mgptpUj;jpfis gyg;gLj;jp njhlu;e;Jk;
nraw;wpwd; kw;Wk; gad;kpf;fjhf khw;wpaikf;f cq;fs;
midtUf;Fk; miog;G tpLf;fpNwd;.
fhkpdp tp[pj; tp[pj;jKdp b nrha;]hfhkpdp tp[pj; tp[pj;jKdp b nrha;]hfhkpdp tp[pj; tp[pj;jKdp b nrha;]hfhkpdp tp[pj; tp[pj;jKdp b nrha;]hfhkpdp tp[pj; tp[pj;jKdp b nrha;]h
gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;ru;
96
fy;tpr; nrayhsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jpfy;tpr; nrayhsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jpfy;tpr; nrayhsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jpfy;tpr; nrayhsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jpfy;tpr; nrayhsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp
k`pe;j rpe;jid mgptpUj;jp Kd;Dupikia ajhu;j;jkhf
khw;wpaikg;gjw;fhf fy;tpf;fhd KjyPLfspy; cau;e;jgl;r
gad; ngwg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gw;whf;Fiwahd tsj;ij mjpAaupa
kl;lj;jpy; KjyPL nra;J jpl;lkplg;gl;l vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l ,yf;if
epiwNtw;wp Njrj;jpd; kdpjts cau;rpe;jid kw;Wk;
gz ; Gfisg ; Nghd ;W tho ;t pay ; j p wd ;fisAk ;
g+uzg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; rkepiyahd MSikg; gz;Gfis
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; fy;tp njhlu;ghf fhzg;gLk; nghWg;Gf;fs;
mjp cd;djkhdjhFk;.
mjpAaupa gz;Grhu ; juk ;nfhz;l ghl tpjhdj ;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Gjpa njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpf;fhd
tha;g;Gf;fis khztu; guk;giuapdUf;F toq;Ftjw;Fk;
rkfhy Njrpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr khw;wq;fs; Kd;Ndw;wq;fisg;
Nghd;W vjpu;fhy g+Nfhs rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;tjw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd fy;tpia ghlrhiy KiwikapD}lhf toq;f
fy;tpaikr;rpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUk; gzpfs; msg;gupaJ.
k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfspD}lhff;
fy;tpapYk; mgptpUj;jpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;Fld; nfsut
fy;tp mikr;ru; kw;Wk; gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tpNrl
ftdj;Jld; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa gy khw;wq;fs; ghupa
vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fSld; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jd; gadhf
ePbj;j epue;juf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia mKy;;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
rl;luPjpahd fy;tpf; nfhs;iffis tFf;Fk; ghupa gzpfis
vl;l Kbe;jikapl;L ngU kfpo;r;rpailfpNwd;.
vr;. vk;. FzNrfuvr;. vk;. FzNrfuvr;. vk;. FzNrfuvr;. vk;. FzNrfuvr;. vk;. FzNrfu
nrayhsu;
fy;tp mikr;R
97
cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;
♦ nfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp - 93
♦ nfsut gpujpf; fy;tp mikr;rupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp - 95
♦ fy;tpr; nrayhsupd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp - 96
mj;jpahak; 01 -mj;jpahak; 01 -mj;jpahak; 01 -mj;jpahak; 01 -mj;jpahak; 01 - fy;tpaikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tpaikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tpaikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tpaikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tpaikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;
1.1 k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Kd;Dupik
kw;Wk; nghJf;fy;tp
1.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nehf;F
1.3 fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzp
1.4 fy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j gy;NtWgl;l epWtdq;fs;
1.5 fy;tp mikr;rpd; flikg; gzpfs;
mj;jpahak; 02 -mj;jpahak; 02 -mj;jpahak; 02 -mj;jpahak; 02 -mj;jpahak; 02 - mjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupa
rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
2.1 fy;tpf;fhd etPd epue;juf; nfhs;if
2.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpf; fl;likg;ig
gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; fy;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf cupa
jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Fjy;
2.3 ,ilepiy 1000 ghlrhiyfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak;
Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
105
106
106
107
107
110
111
112
98
2.4 ghlrhiy tpisahl;bid Cf;F tpg;gjw;fhd tpNrl
jpl;lq;fs;
2.5 f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)
guPl;irf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpf; fUj;juq;F Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
2.6 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; jhuu;fspd; jpwikfis
kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fcl;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
2.7 ghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;Jtjd; %yk; fy;tpf;fhd
KjyPl;bd; caupanraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
2.8 f\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhf Mrpupau;
fpuhkq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;
2.9 f\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;s ghlrhiyfSf;Fj;
jfty; kw;Wk; njhu;Grhjd njhopy;El;g trjpfis
toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; Nritahw;Wk; Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk;
mjpgu;fSf;fhfj; jfty; njhopy;El;gj; njhopy;rhu;
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;
2.10 ghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd njhlu;r;rpahd
tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
2.11 ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;
kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
2.12 Mrpupau; rkepiyf;fhd Gjpa gpuNtrk;
2.13 gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa rl;lk; kw;Wk; cj;Njr
Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
2.14 fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf tpNrl cjtp toq;fy;fs;
2.15 ,yq;if tpQ;Qhd> fzpj xypk;gpahl; rk;Nksdk;
2.16 tho;f;ifj; Nju;r;rpahf Mq;fpynkhopia tpUj;jp nra;Ak;
Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
113
114
115
116
117
117
119
121
122
122
123
123
124
99
2.17 f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) kw;Wk;
5Mk; ju Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irf;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;J
ifNaLfs;
2.18 ghlrhiyg; ghlE}y;fspd; epiwiaf; Fiwj;J kpfTk;
jpl;lkplg;gl;l Kiwahd ghlrhiy ghlE}y; ig
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.19 ghlrhiy cztfq;fspd; cau;e;j juj;ijg; NgZjy;
2.20 ~rpuj;jh[;[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
2.21 fy;tp ntspaPL> ghlE}y;> ghl tpjhdk; kw;Wk; khjpup
tpdh tpil Nfhit tpw;gid mgptpUj;jp tpNrl
Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
mj;jpahak; 03 -mj;jpahak; 03 -mj;jpahak; 03 -mj;jpahak; 03 -mj;jpahak; 03 - mjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupa
rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
3.1 fy;tpf;nfhs;if kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; mKyhf;fy;
3.1.1 fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
3.1.2 k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
mKy;g;gLj;jy;
3.1.3 rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj
mgptpUj;jp Nehf;fpid vl;Ljy;
3.2 fy;tp gz;Grhu; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspd;
Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if> cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fs;
3.2.1 Muk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tp
• Muk;gf;fy;tp
• Mq;fpyf;fy;tp
126
127
127
128
128
130
130
133
134
138
138
139
135
100
• tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fzpjf; fy;tp
• Njrpankhop kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk;
nkhopf;fy;tp
• mofpaw;fy;tp
• tptrhak; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tp
• jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj;
njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp
• rkak; kw;Wk; tpOkpaf; fy;tp
• rkhjhdf; fy;tp
• ghl,id nraw;ghLfs;> khztu;
topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; MNyhrid
• ghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jp
3.2.2 Mrpupau; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp
3.2.3 Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp
3.2.4 tpNrl fy;tp
3.2.5 tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp
3.2.6 Njhl;lg;gpuNjr ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp
3.2.7 K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp
3.2.8 ghlrhiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it
3.2.9 fy;tp Kiwikapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Njrpa
ghlrhiyfspd; gq;fspg;G
139
140
141
141
142
143
143
144
144
145
145
146
147
149
149
149
150
101
3.3 fy;tp Nrit kw;Wk; jhgd nraw;ghLfs;
3.3.1 fy;tp epUthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg;
gyg;gLj;jy;
♦ ,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit
♦ ,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit
♦ ,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit
♦ ,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit
3.3.2. kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp
3.4 fy;tp Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk; khztu; eyd;Gup Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fs;
3.4.1 ghlrhiyfSf;F rPUilfis toq;Fjy;.
3.4.2 ghlrhiy ghlE}y; tpepNahfk;
3.4.3 ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhfg; Gyikg;guprpy;
toq;Fjy;
3.4.4 ghlrhiy gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk;
Rfhjhu tpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
3.4.5 ghlrhiy fl;bl epu;khzpg;G
3.5 fy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j epWtfq;fs;
3.5.1 Njrpa fy;tp epUtfk;
3.5.2 ,yq;if guPl;ir jpizf;fsk;
3.5.3 fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;
3.5.4 Njrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rig
3.5.5 ,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig
151
151
151
151
152
152
153
153
153
153
154
154
155
158
158
160
162
165
165
102
3.5.6 ,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO
3.6 fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPL
3.6.1 fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrf; Nfhl;ghL
kw;Wk; Nfhl;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf
cyf tq;fpapd; cjtp
3.6.2 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp cjtpapd; mbg;gilapy;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l ,ilepiyf;fy;tp etPdka
nraw;wpl;lk;
3.6.3 mupTrhu; r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp nraw;wpl;lj;
jpw;fhd Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtp
3.6.4 Adpnrg; cjtp ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
3.6.5 N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; (GTZ)
cjtpAld; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f
ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
mj;jpahak; 04 -mj;jpahak; 04 -mj;jpahak; 04 -mj;jpahak; 04 -mj;jpahak; 04 - fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk; jfty;jfty;jfty;jfty;jfty;
rhu;e;j gFg;gha;Trhu;e;j gFg;gha;Trhu;e;j gFg;gha;Trhu;e;j gFg;gha;Trhu;e;j gFg;gha;T
4.1 mwpKfk;
4.2 nghJf;fy;tp njhlu;ghd mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj;
jfty;fs;
4.2.1 ,yq;if murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Gs;sp
tpguq;fs; 2005 - 2009
4.2.2 jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
166
167
168
176
177
183
184
185
186
186
187
103
4.2.3 murhq;fg; ghlrhiy Mrpupau;fspd;
vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
4.2.4 jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;
Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
4.2.5 Gjpjhf Mrpupau;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;: 2010
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;if>
2011 Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTs;s Mrpupau;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
4.2.6 murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Mrpupau;fspd;
vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
4.2.7 ml;ltiz - mur ghlrhiyfspd; khztu;
vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
4.2.8 jdpahu; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;
khztu; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
4.2.9 khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiy
vz;zpf;iffspd; guk;gy; - 2009
4.3 khztu; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghd mbg;gil Gs;sp
tpguj; jfty;fs;
4.3.1 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 70
Gs;spfs; my;yJ mjid tplf;$Ljyhfg;
ngw;w khztu; tpfpjhrhuk; 2007 - 2009
4.3.2 f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.
(cau; juk;) guPl;irapy; ghlrhiy tpz;zg;g
jhupfspd; milT kl;lk; 2005 - 2009
4.3.3 4Mk; juj;jpd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; milT
kl;l xg;gPL
187
189
189
190
191
192
193
193
193
196
198
104
4.3.4 8 kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fsJ
fw;wy; milT kl;lk; - 2005 kw;Wk; 2008
4.4 Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;bf;fika fy;tpapd;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp xg;gPL
1994> 2007> 2009
4.4.1 Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;b (1994> 2007> 2009)
4.5 fy;tpr; nrytpdk;
4.5.1 nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPL 2005 - 2009
4.6 ,yq;ifapy; fy;tp kl;lk; njw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
Vida ehLfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;Jld; xg;gPL nra;Ak;NghJ
4.6.1 njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspd; fy;tp Gs;sptpgu
xg;gPL
199
200
200
201
201
203
203
105
mj;jpahak; 01mj;jpahak; 01mj;jpahak; 01mj;jpahak; 01mj;jpahak; 01
fy;tp mikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nraw;gzpfs;
1.11.11.11.11.1 k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;
fhd Kd;Dupik kw;Wk; nghJf;fy;tpfhd Kd;Dupik kw;Wk; nghJf;fy;tpfhd Kd;Dupik kw;Wk; nghJf;fy;tpfhd Kd;Dupik kw;Wk; nghJf;fy;tpfhd Kd;Dupik kw;Wk; nghJf;fy;tp
,yq;if Mrpahtpd; Mr;rupakpf;f Njrkhf khw;wpaikf;Fk; k`pe;j
rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpd; Clhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Ik;ngUk;
rf;jpiaf; Nfe;jpukhff; nfhz;l mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; mwpit
Nfe;j pukhff; nfhz;l fy;tpia ehl ;Lf ;Fg ; nghUj;jkhdthW
kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gk; ghupa nghWg;G fy;tp mikr;Rf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
mg;ghupa nghWg;ig fy;tp mikr;R Vw;fdNt Kd;ndLj;Js;sJ.
mwptpid tpNrl Nfe;jpu epiyakhf fy;tpapD}lhf ehl;bd; nghUshjhuk;
r%f mgptpUj;jpia cWjp nra;J ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapd; mjprpwe;j kj;jpa
epiyaq;fshf 1000 ghlrhiyfis rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l ghlrhiyfshf
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;glTs;sd.
fy;tpf;fhf ePbj;j epue;ju Njrpa nfhs;iff; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Gjpa fy;tpr;
rl;lq;fs; %yk; ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpiaj; Jupjg;gLj;jp ehl;Lf;F cfe;jthW
fy;tpia kPs kWrPuikf;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLk;.
,jw;fhf Jupjkhf kw;Wk; murpd; Kd;dzpg; gzpahf mgpkhdk; kpf;f
vkJ tuyhw;wpd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mwpT kw;Wk; fle;jfhy
mgpkhdj;jpidg; ghJfhj;J ehl;bw;F cfe;j gyk;kpf;f nraw;ghLfspD}lhf
Nfhyka rthy;fis ,yFtpy; ntw;wpnfhz;L tpz;izAk; kz;izAk;
ntw;wpnfhs;sf;$ba mwpTg; gz;G nfhz;l khztu;fs; kw;Wk; Mrpupau;fisf;
fl;LnaOg;Gtjw;fhd mbj;jsk; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpD}lhf epue;jukhf
,lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
106
1.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nehf;F1.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nehf;F1.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nehf;F1.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nehf;F1.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Nehf;F (Vision)
,yq;ifapd; milahsj;jpd; gq;fhsu;fshf jpwik
kpf;f gpui[fs; %yk; ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd; ntw;wpia
Nehf;fpa ,yf;if vl;Ljy;.
1.3 fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzp 1.3 fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzp 1.3 fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzp 1.3 fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzp 1.3 fy;tp mikr;rpd; gzp (Mission)
etPdkag;gLj;jg;gl;l fy;tp KiwikapD}lhf
mjprpwe;j ,yf;;if vl;Ljy;>rk cupik kw;Wk; rk
re;ju;g;gq;fis cUthf;fp 21Mk; E}w;whz;bd;
rthy;fis ntw;wpfukhf vjpu;nfhs;sf;$ba khdplg;
gz;Gnfhz;l ew;gpui[fis cUthf;Fjy;.
107
1.41.41.41.41.4 fy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j gy;NtWfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j gy;NtWfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j gy;NtWfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j gy;NtWfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j gy;NtW
gl;l epWtdq;fs;gl;l epWtdq;fs;gl;l epWtdq;fs;gl;l epWtdq;fs;gl;l epWtdq;fs;
1. khfhzf; fy;tpj; jpizf;fsk;
2. fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;
3. ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
4. Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
5. Njrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rig
6. ,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig
7. ,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO
1.51.51.51.51.5 fy;tp mikr;rpd; flikg; gzpfs; fy;tp mikr;rpd; flikg; gzpfs; fy;tp mikr;rpd; flikg; gzpfs; fy;tp mikr;rpd; flikg; gzpfs; fy;tp mikr;rpd; flikg; gzpfs;
• Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia tFj;jy; kw;Wk; etPdkag;gLj;jy;
njhlu;ghfj; Njrpa Mizf;FOtpw;F gupe;Jiufs; cl;gl kPs;
Cl;ly;fis toq;fp fy;tpapd; tupthd Nehf;fq;fspy; mike;Js;s
Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jy;.
• Njrpa Nehf;fq;fSf;F kw;Wk; nfhs;iffSf;F mika fy;tpapd;
nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkply;> mKy;g;gLj;jy;> Nkw;ghu;it> Kd;Ndw;w
kPsha;T kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
• fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ,Ujug;G kw;Wk; gy;jug;G ntspehl;L
cwTfisg; NgZjy;> tya kw;Wk; ru;tNjr mikg;Gf;fSld;
xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gly;.
108
• nghJf;fy;tpapd; juj;ij jPu;khdpj;jy; kw;Wk; mj;juq;fisg;
NgZtjw;fhd Njitahd eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLj;jy; kw;Wk;
ghlrhiy cl;gl Vida fy;tp epWtdq;fspd; Mf;fj;jpwd;
nraw;ghLfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
• nghJf; fy;tp> Mrpupa fy;tp> tpNrl fy;tp kw;Wk; gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;Fupa
ghltpjhdq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;> mKy;g;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPL
nra;jy;.
• fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Muha;r;rpj;Jiwfis ,dq;fz;L Muha;r;rpia
Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; mg;ngWNgWfisf; fy;tpr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhfg;
gad;gLj;Jjy;.
• Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; rhd;wpjo; guPl;ir> ghlg; guPl;ir kw;Wk; nghJ
tpNtfg; guPl;irfSf;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd kjpg;gPl;L Kiwfis
Kd;ndLj;jy; kw;Wk; kPsha;Tf;F cl;gLj;jy;.
• gyk;kpf;f gz;Grhu; juk;nfhz;l fy;tp nraw;ghLfSf;fhfj; Njitahd
kdpjtsj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
• fy;tp mikr;rpd; fPo; cs;s Mrpupa fy;tp epWtdq;fs;> Njrpa
ghlrhiyfs;> Kfhikj;Jtk;> nraw;rhjid kjpg ;g PLfis
Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
• epUthf Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; fy;tp nraw;ghLfis mKy;g;gLj;JtJ
njhlu;ghf khfhzf; fy;tpg; nghWg;ghsu;fSf;F MNyhridfis
toq;Fjy;> xj;Jiog;G toq;Fjy;> ,izg;G kw;Wk; kPsha;Tfis
Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
• ntspehl;L cjtp ngWk; nraw;wpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
Nkw;ghu;it nra;jy;.
109
• fw;wYf;fhf cjtf;$ba fy;tpf; fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fSf;
fhd nrytPdk; kw;Wk; juj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;jYk; jpl;lq;fis tpUj;jp
nra;jy;.
• glE}y;> rPUil kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; tpepNahfpf;f Ntz;ba
Nritfs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fis toq;Fjy;.
• fy;tp tplaj;jpd; fPo; rfy %yjdr; nrytpdq;fs;> fy;tp mikr;R
kw;Wk; mikr;rpd; fPOs;s epWtdq;fspd; kPz;nlOk; nrytPdq;fis
kjpg;gPL nra;jy; kw;Wk; epjp xJf;fPL nra;jy;> fpukkhd epjp
Kfhikj;Jt njhFjpia mKy;;g;gLj;jy;.
• fy;tpj; Jiwapd; fPOs;s rfy NritfspdJk; gpukhzf; Fwpg;G>
epu;thfk; kw;Wk; fy;tp mikr;rpd; fPOs;s epWtdq;fspy; rpwe;j
cs;sf epu;thfr; nraw;ghLfisg; NgZjy;.
110
mj;jpahak; 02mj;jpahak; 02mj;jpahak; 02mj;jpahak; 02mj;jpahak; 02
mjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupamjprpwe;j fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrj;jpw;Fupa
rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;rkPgfhy Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
mLj;j E}w;whz;Lf;F cupajhf Nfhyka rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;sf;$ba
Nfhykaf; fpuhkj;jpd; jpwikfs; nfhz;l ,sk; re;jjpapdiu cUthf;f
fy;tp mikr;R cupa gy fy;tp mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F Kd;Dupik
toq;fp mKy;g;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
2.12.12.12.12.1 fy;tpf;fhf etPd epue;juf;fy;tpf;fhf etPd epue;juf;fy;tpf;fhf etPd epue;juf;fy;tpf;fhf etPd epue;juf;fy;tpf;fhf etPd epue;juf;
nfhs;ifnfhs;ifnfhs;ifnfhs;ifnfhs;if
mikr;ruitapdhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l fyhepjp Fztu;jd FO mwpf;if Njrpa
fy;tp Mizf;FOtpdhy; fy;tpj;Jiwf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gy;NtW
gupe;Jiufisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpy;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vjpu;fhy kdpjts tpUj;jpf;fhd cgha uPjpapyhd
gupe;Jiufisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;if kw;Wk; mjDld;
,ize;j rl;l Nfhitfis cs;slf;fpajhf Gjpa fy;tp rl;ltiuit
tFf;Fk; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,jw;fika ,g;gzpfSf;Fupajhf Vw;fdNt ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; tpNrl
nraw;FO rig epakpf ;fg ;gl ;L Njitahd mbg;gilg; gzpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld; ,jw;Fupajhf vjpu;fhy rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;s
KbAkhd rfy re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; ehl;il Nerpf;Fk; kw;Wk; cyfshtpa
Njitfs;> rthy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;ff; $ba vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdiu
cUthf;fp mwpitf; Nfe;jpukhff; nfhz;l Ik;ngUk; rf;jp cghaq;fSld;
Njrpa Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mile;Jnfhs;tJ ,jd; mbg;gil Nehf;fkhFk;.
111
,jw;Fupa gzpfs; gy;NtW fl;lq;fspd; fPo; miltjw;Fk; ,Wjpahf
2012Mk; Mz;bd; Kjy; gFjpapy ; ,g ;Gjpa fy;tpr ; rl ;lj ;ij
ghuhSkd;wj;Jf;Fr; rku;g;gpj;J mq;fPfupj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Gjpa fy;tpr; rl;lj;ij tFg;gjw;fhf Vw;fdNt gy FOf;fsplk; rhl;rpfs;
ngwg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,g;gzpfs; Jupjfjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glTs;sd.
mj;Jld; nghJf; fy;tpj; Jiwia nkhj;jkhfj; jOtf;$bathW mjw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd mj;jpatrpa mjprpwe;j nfhs;if uPjpapyhd khw;wq;fs;
cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;L kpFe;j gz;Grhu; kw;Wk; Jupj fy;tp mgptpUj;jp cWjp
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.22.22.22.22.2 fy;tp mikr;rpd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpf;fy;tp mikr;rpd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpf;fy;tp mikr;rpd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpf;fy;tp mikr;rpd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpf;fy;tp mikr;rpd; Gjpa mgptpUj;jpf;
fl;likg;ig gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;fl;likg;ig gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;fl;likg;ig gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;fl;likg;ig gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;fl;likg;ig gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
fy;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf cupafy;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf cupafy;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf cupafy;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf cupafy;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf cupa
jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Fjy;jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Fjy;jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Fjy;jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Fjy;jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;Fjy;
• gy Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du; ,yq;if fy;tp epUthf Nritapd;
1Mk; tFg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F gjtp cau;T mbg;gilapy;
epue;jug; gjtpfSf;fhf epakdf; fbjq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
mtu;fs; %yk; fy;tpj; Jiwf;F cau;e;j gl;r gaidg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bathW mtu;fs; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;. ,jw;fika
tya> khfhz kw;Wk; fy;tp mikr;R cl;gl rfy fy;tp
epWtdq;fSf;fhf cupa kw;Wk; caupa jiyikj;Jtk; /
Kfhikj;Jtk; cWjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. fy;tp Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
epUthfj; Jiwapy; fhzg;gLk; ntw;wplq;fs; mjw;Fupa gpukhzf;
Fwpg;G xOq;F tpjpfspd; fPo; njhlu;r;rpahf epug;Gtjw;fhd Kiwfs;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; epiyg;gLj;jy; nraw;ghLfisj;
njhlu;r;rpahf Kd;ndLj;J khfhz kw;Wk; tya kl;lj;jpy;>
ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; fy;tp Kfhikj;Jtk; cl;gl jiyikj;Jtj;ij
Ak; cupa jpirapy; ,l;Lr; nry;y eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
112
• kPNgapy; mike;Js;s fy;tpj; jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp kj;jpa
epiyaj;ijj; njhlu;e;Jk; gyg;gLj;jp gl;lg; ghlnewp kl;lj;jpyhd
fw;if newpfis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; fy;tp Kfhikahsu;fSf;F
gapw;rp mspf;Fk;NghJ fy;tpj;Jiwapd; cupa epWtdq;fSf;Fg;
nghUe;jf;$bathW gapw;rpr; re;ju;g ;gq;fisj; jpl;lkplTk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp
tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;Gld; ,jw;fhf epjpAjtp toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.32.32.32.32.3 1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis
mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
• k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpy; cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW
rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l 1000 ghlrhiyfis mgptpUj;jp nra;J
efiug; Nghd;W fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpYk; khztu;fSf;fhf gz;Grhu;
juk;kpf;f fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid cWjp nra;tjw;Fk; fy;tpf;fhd
rktha;g;gpid tpupTgLj;JtJ ,jd; mbg;gil vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;. cau;
kl;lj;jpy; fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu;; juj;jpid epiyg;gLj;jp mjprpwe;j
fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfis cWjpg;gLj;jp mjw;Fj; Njitahd
gapw;rp> khdpltsk; kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; ghlrhiyfspy;
jhgpf;fg;gLk;.
• ,e;j ghupa ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;J
tjd; %yk; ,ytrf; fy;tp kw;Wk; fl;lhaf; fy;tpapid kpfTk;
gad;kpf;fjhf cWjpg;gLj;jf;$bathW f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;)
tpQ;Qhd ghltpjhdk; cl;gl rfy ghltpjhdq;fSk; mKy;g;
gLj;jg;gLk; mjprpwe;j ghlrhiyfs; %yk; tsj;jpid gad;gLj;J
tjidg; Nghd;W efug; ghlrhiyfspy; jPtpu neUf;fbfisj; jtpu;j;J
xUrpy ghlrhiyfspy; fhzg;gLk; Njitaw;w Nghl;bfukhd
epiyikfisf; Fiwg;gjid mbg;gil Nehf;fhff; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s
Jld; gpujhd gzpahfTk; fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
113
2.42.42.42.42.4 ghlrhiy tpisahl;bid Cf;Fghlrhiy tpisahl;bid Cf;Fghlrhiy tpisahl;bid Cf;Fghlrhiy tpisahl;bid Cf;Fghlrhiy tpisahl;bid Cf;F
tpg;gjw;fhd tpNrl jpl;lq;fs;tpg;gjw;fhd tpNrl jpl;lq;fs;tpg;gjw;fhd tpNrl jpl;lq;fs;tpg;gjw;fhd tpNrl jpl;lq;fs;tpg;gjw;fhd tpNrl jpl;lq;fs;
• ghlrhiy tpisahl;bd; %yk; khzt khztpfs; rpwe;jMSikfisf; nfhz;l gpui[fshf khw;wpaikf;fj; njhlu;e;Jk;,t; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; tpupTgLj;jg;gLk;.
• Kjy; jlitahf 2010Mk; Mz;L mfpy ,yq;if ghlrhiytpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bj;njhlupy; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; ntw;wpaPl;bNahUf;fhfj; jkJ tpisahl;Lj; Jiwia njhlu;e;J ntw;wpfukhf tpUj;jpnra;tjw;Fj; jdpahu; Jiwapd; tpNrl mDruizfis toq;Ftjd;%yk; Njrpa kl;lj;ijg; Nghd;W ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpyhd tPuu;fiscUthf;Ftij cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• mfpy ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiy tpisahl;Lf;fs; %yk; rpwe;jjpwikfisf; fhz;gpf;Fk; tpisahl;L tPuu;fSf;F tuyhw;wpy; Kjy;jlitahf &gh. 100>000 Ij; jhz;ba gzg;gupR toq;fg;gl;lJ.
• jw;nghOJ ehl;by; mike;Js;s tpisahl;Lg; ghlrhiyfspy;fhzg;gLk; epiyikfis kPs Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jp mtw;iwj;njhlu;e;Jk; cau; kl;lj;jpw;F tpUj;jp nra;a eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.
• ghlrhiy tpisahl ;ilg ;gyk;kpf;f ghl,iz nraw;ghlhf Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfjd pahu ;Jiwa pd ; t p Nrlgq;fspg;G cghaj;jpl;lkply;
fspD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
114
2.52.52.52.52.5 f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.jf.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.jf.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.jf.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.jf.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j
(cau;juk;) guPl;irf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpf;(cau;juk;) guPl;irf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpf;(cau;juk;) guPl;irf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpf;(cau;juk;) guPl;irf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpf;(cau;juk;) guPl;irf;fhd tpNrl fy;tpf;
fUj;juq;F Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;fUj;juq;F Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;fUj;juq;F Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;fUj;juq;F Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;fUj;juq;F Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
• guPl;irf; Nfe;jpukhff; nfhz;l nraw;ghLfisf; Fiwj;J
khztu;fspd; kd cisr;riy KbAkhdtiuf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;Fld; tpNrl tsthsu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; ehL g+uhfTk;
fUj;juq;Ffs; Muk;g pf ;fg ;gl ;Ls;sd. ,jd; f Po ; ngUk;
vz;zpf ;ifahd rpwhu ;fSf;F cau;kl ;lj ;j pyhd fw;if
mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; thapy; jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• kpf ntw;wpfukhd kw;Wk; ,yFtpy; guPl;irfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf
tpUg;gj;Jld; Kd;dhaj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpfis ,jd; %yk;
toq;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• guPl;ir njhlu;ghd mr;rj;ijf; Fiwj;Jg; gjpy; vOJtjid
,yFgLj;jf;$ba Kiwfisg; gof;f ,f;fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk;
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
• ,f;fUj;juq;F njhl&lhf ,Wjpahf Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd milTkl;l
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,Wjpahf Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd
guPl;irfspd; ngWNgWfs; %yk; milTkl;lj;ij tpUj;jp nra;a
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; ,f;fUj;juq;Ffs;
fhuzkhfj; jkJ ghlrhiy kPJ khztu;fs; kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhupd;
ek;gpf;if njhlu;e;Jk; mjpfupf;Fk;.
• tya> khfhz nghWg;ghsu;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tp mikr;R> guPl;irj;
jpizf;fsk;> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd; nraw;ghl;Lj; jiyaPl;Lld;
,t; mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sf; $l;L Kaw;rpahf
xOq;Ffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.
115
2.62.62.62.62.6 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy;5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy;5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy;5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy;5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy;
jhuu ;fspd; jpwikfis kjpg ;g Pl ;Lf;Fjhuu ;fspd; jpwikfis kjpg ;g Pl ;Lf;Fjhuu ;fspd; jpwikfis kjpg ;g Pl ;Lf;Fjhuu ;fspd; jpwikfis kjpg ;g Pl ;Lf;Fjhuu ;fspd; jpwikfis kjpg ;g Pl ;Lf;F
cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;cl;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
• 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg; guprpy; jhuu;fspd; Fiwe;j gl;r milT
kl;lj;ijj; jPu;khdpf;fTk;> Gyikg; guprpy; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;j
rfy khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl rhd;wpjo;fis toq;Ftjw;Fk; mjd;
%yk; mgpkhdj;ij ghJfhf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; kw;Wk; gpuNjr kl;lj;jpy; $Ljyhd Gs;spfisg;
ngw;w khztu;fspd; jpwikfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; kjpg;gPl;Lf;F
cl;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;gzpfis
ntw;wpfukhf;f gy;NtWgl;l mur epWtdq;fisg; Nghd;W jdpahu;
JiwapduJk; gq;fspg;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• 5Mk; ju Gyikg; guprpy; guPl;iria khztu;fSf;F tpUg;gkhd
guPl;irahf khw;wpaikg;gjw;Fk; Njitf;fw;wthW gy;NtW jug;gpduJk;
jiyaPLfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtijg; Nghd;W Kd;dhaj;jkhf fle;j
guPl;ir tpdhj;jhs;fs; nfhz;l ifNal;bid rfy rpwhu;fSf;Fk;
,ytrkhf toq;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.
116
2.72.72.72.72.7 ghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;Jghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;Jghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;Jghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;Jghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;Jtjd; %yk; fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;bd;tjd; %yk; fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;bd;tjd; %yk; fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;bd;tjd; %yk; fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;bd;tjd; %yk; fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;bd;caupanraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.caupanraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.caupanraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.caupanraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.caupanraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
• ghlrhiy Kiwikapd; nraw;wpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhs
,ilf;fpilNa ghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupTgLj;jp ghlrhiyfspy;
khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if/Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; tFg;Gg;
guk;giy kPsha;Tf;Fl;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd fy;tpj; jpl;lkply;
cghaq;fs; njhlu;r;rpahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
• fy;tp KjyPl;bd; cau;e;jgl;r gad;ghl;bd; Clhf rfy rpwhu;fSf;Fk;
fw;wYf;fhd cupik KOikahf cWjp nra;ag;gLk;.
• ,jd; tpNrlkhf miktJ ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l Muk;gg ; ghlrhiyfisf; nfhz;l tiyaikg;G
cUthff;$bathW ghlrhiy Kiwikia tpupgLj;Jk; nraw;ghl;il
tya> khfhz kw;Wk; fy;tp mikr;rpd; jiyaPl;Lld; Nkw;nfhz;L
fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd gpuNtrk; Clhf ,g;gpuaj;jdq;fSf;F
cap&l;lg;gLk;.
• fy;tpapd; cs;sf kw;Wk; ntsp nraw;wpwidg; Nghd;W mjprpwe;j
tFg;giwapy; cupa khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; mjw;Fupajhf
Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Muk;g kw;Wk; ,ilepiyg;
ghlrhiy tiyaikg;G ,jd; %yk; cUthf;fg;gLk;.
• ghlrhiy tifg;gLj;jypy; khztu;fs; Fiwe;j ghlrhiyfspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;jpUg;gJk; rdj;njhifg; Gs;sptpguq;fs;>
ghlrhiyfs; mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; msitf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
tpupTgLj;Jtjw;fhd nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
117
2.82.82.82.82.8 f\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhff\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhff\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhff\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhff\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhf
Mrpupau; fpuhkq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;Mrpupau; fpuhkq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;Mrpupau; fpuhkq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;Mrpupau; fpuhkq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;Mrpupau; fpuhkq;fisj; jhgpj;jy;
• gy f\;lg; gpuNjrg; ghlrhiyfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L f\;lg;
gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;s ghlrhiyfspy; Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiwia
xopf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,t;thwhd gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;s Nfe;jpu
kj;jpa epiyaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghlrhiyfis rhu;e;j
Mrpupau; fpuhkq;fs; jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jw;fika xU Fwpg;gpl;l
Mrpupau; FOTf;Fj; $l;lhfj; jq;fp epw;ff; $bathwhd xU ,lj;jpy;
Mrpupau; tPlikg;Gf; fl;llj; njhFjp epu;khzpf;fg;glTs;sJld; ,jw;Fj;
Njitahd rfy ngsjpf trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mtu;fSf;F
mt;tg;ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; nry;y Njitahd Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.
2.92.92.92.92.9 f\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;sf\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;sf\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;sf\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;sf\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; mike;Js;s
ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jfty; kw;Wk;ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jfty; kw;Wk;ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jfty; kw;Wk;ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jfty; kw;Wk;ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; jfty; kw;Wk;
njhu;Grhjd njhopy;El;g trjpfisnjhu;Grhjd njhopy;El;g trjpfisnjhu;Grhjd njhopy;El;g trjpfisnjhu;Grhjd njhopy;El;g trjpfisnjhu;Grhjd njhopy;El;g trjpfis
toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; Nritahw;Wk;toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; Nritahw;Wk;toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; Nritahw;Wk;toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; Nritahw;Wk;toq;Fjy;> mtw;wpy; Nritahw;Wk;
Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; mjpgu;fSf;fhfj; jfty;Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; mjpgu;fSf;fhfj; jfty;Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; mjpgu;fSf;fhfj; jfty;Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; mjpgu;fSf;fhfj; jfty;Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; mjpgu;fSf;fhfj; jfty;
njhopy;El;gj; njhopy;rhu; mgptpUj;jpf;fhdnjhopy;El;gj; njhopy;rhu; mgptpUj;jpf;fhdnjhopy;El;gj; njhopy;rhu; mgptpUj;jpf;fhdnjhopy;El;gj; njhopy;rhu; mgptpUj;jpf;fhdnjhopy;El;gj; njhopy;rhu; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd
re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy;
• 1AB kw;Wk; 1C ghlrhiyfSf;F rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l fzpdp
Ma;T$lq;fs; toq;Ftjw ;F Nkyjpfkhf tif 2 ,d;
ghlrhiyfSf;Ff; fzpdp kw;Wk; Vida trjpfis toq;Fk; gzpfs;
G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
• ghlrhiyfspy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhfj; jfty; njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk;
njhlu;Grhjg; gapw;rpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;fp Njrpa jfty;
njhopy;El;g mwptpid Nkk;gLj;jj; njhlu;r;rpahfg; gq;fspg;Gf;fs;
toq;fg;gLk;.
• td;nghUs; kWrPuikg;G gOJghu;j;jy; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis ghlrhiy
khztu ;fspd ; jiyaPl ;Lld ; Nkw ;nfhs ;tjw ;fhd tpNrl
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis tFj;J mKy;g;gLj;Jk; gzpfs; njhlu;e;Jk;
tpupTgLj;jg;gLk;.
118
• jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gg; ghlkhfg; ghlrhiyfspy;
Nkyjpfkhf jfty; njhopy;El;gg; gad;ghl;bid ghlrhiyfspy;
Kfhikj ;Jt nraw ; g hLfSf ;fhfg ; gad ; gLj ; jTk ; >
gpugy;ag;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mj;jpatrpakhf Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba
gzpfshf ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,jw;fhf Vw;fdNt cupa
nkd;nghUl;fs; Mf;fk; kw;Wk; gapw;rpg; gzpfs; Jupjg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
• k`pe;j rpe;jid nfhs;ifapd; fPo; jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;s 1000 ghlrhiy
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ,izthf ,g;gzpfs; Muk;gpj;J Jupj fjpapy;
ghlrhiyj; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;G rhjdr; nraw;ghLfisg; gyg;gLj;jp
mjprpwe;j ghlrhiyfshf cWjpg;gLj;JtJ ,jd; Kf;fpa
Nehf;fkhFk;. tif 2 ,d; 2200 ghlrhiyfSf;fhff; fzpdp trjpfis
toq;Ftjw;Fk; rfy ,RW ghlrhiyfisAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak;
,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfshf rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l fzpdp
Ma;T$lk; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy tiyaikg;G trjpfis toq;Ftjw;fhf
Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtp KjyPL tpupTgLj;jg;gLk;.
• mj;Jld ; Mrpa mg pt pUj ;j p tq ;f pa pd ; cjtpa pd ; f Po ;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mwpitf; Nfe;jpukhff; nfhz;l r%fj;jpw;fhd
fy;tpapd; KjyPl;bd; %yk; jfty; njhopy;El;g mjprpwe;j tpUJfis
toq;Fk; eltbf;ifapd; fPo; fpuhkpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhf cupathW
jpl;lq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,jw;nfd 250 kpy;ypad; &gh
toq;fy;fs; ntw;wpaPl;ba 574 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf toq;fg;gLk;.
119
2.1.102.1.102.1.102.1.102.1.10 ghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
njhlu;r;rpahd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;njhlu;r;rpahd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;njhlu;r;rpahd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;njhlu;r;rpahd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;njhlu;r;rpahd tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
• mgptpUj;jp nra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s 1000 ,ilepiyg;
ghlrhiyfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; (Programme of School
Improvement) cu pathW kw ;Wk ; t pNrl Kd ;Du pikAld ;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk;.
• ,Jtiuapy; Kd;Ndhb Ntiyj;jpl;lkhf mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l
ghlrhiyfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; KOikahff; fy;tp
Kiwikf;F khjpupahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; ghlrhiy
kl;lj;jpy; tFf;fg;gLk; mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lkply;fis ghlrhiy
kl;lj;jpNyNa jPu;khdpj;J mKy;g;gLj;Jtjid cWjpg;gLj;jp mt;tt;
ghlrhiyfSf;fhd epjp xJf;fPLfis ghlrhiy kl;lj;Jf;F toq;;Fk;
gzpfs; njhlu;e;Jk; tpupTgLj;jg;gLk;. ,jd; mbg;gil vjpu;ghu;g;ghf
miktJ ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; jPu;khdk; vLj;jiyg; Nghd;W
mj;jPu;khdk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLtjid tpupTgLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfisg;
gyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Jupjg;gLj;JtjhFk;.
• ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; jpl;lkply;> ghltpjhdk;
kw;Wk; ghl,izg; gzpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;> ghlrhiyia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Mrpupau; mgptpUj;jp> ghlrhiy #oy;
mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; ghlrhiy r%f njhlu;ghly;fis tpUj;jp nra;J
gyg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
• ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; cs;sPL> cau;kl;lj;jpyhd
fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfisg; Nghd;W ghlrhiy #oy; guhkupg;Gf;fhf
tpNrl toq;fy;fis toq;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. ghlrhiy
Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg; gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; njhlu;r;rpahf kw;Wk;
cau;e;jgl;rk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fis
120
ghlrhiyapD}lhfNt Vw;gLj;jp mKy;g ;gLj;Jk; gzpfis
Nkw;nfhs;sg; nghUj;jkhd #oiy Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk;
ghlrhiy mjpgu; cl;gl Kfhikj;Jt rig njhlu;ghf ek;gpf;if
itj;J fy;tp mikr;R cl;gl fy;tpg; nghWg;ghsu;fspdhy;
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLk;.
• ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpyhd jpl;lq;fSf;fhf epjp xJf;fPLfis Ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; cghaj; jpl;lkply;fSf;F khw;wk; ngWtJ ,jd; ,Wjp
vjpu;ghu;g;ghff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
• ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; gyg;gLj;jp (Empowering Schools) mgptpUj;jp
nraw;ghLfisj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhfTk; mJ njhlu;ghf jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;>
mj;jPu;khdq;fis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;F Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis
toq;fp fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; cs;sPl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lk;(Education Quality
Inputs) ghlrhiyfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; (Programme of School
Improvement) Ntiyj;jpl;lk;> ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp epjp toq;fy;
Ntiyj;jpl ;lk; ^School Development Grant& kw;Wk; ,RW
ghlrhiyfSf;fhd nraw;rhjid kl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
(Performance Based) toq;f cupa tpNrl mgptpUj;jp epjp toq;fy;
Ntiyj;jpl;lk; (School Development Financial Grant & Mfpatw;iwj;
njhlu;r;rpahf gy;NtWgl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jp ,it
njhlu;gpy; ghlrhiy nghWg;ghsu;fs; cl;gl Mrpupau;fspd; tuNtw;Gld;
nraw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhf cupa fw;if mwpf;ifapd; %yk;
njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
121
2.112.112.112.112.11 ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd
re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy; kw;Wk;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy; kw;Wk;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy; kw;Wk;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy; kw;Wk;re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;jy; kw;Wk;
mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;
• ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; mila vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s
,Wjp ,yf;fhf miktJ ,ilepiyj; juq ;fspd ; rfy
khztu;fSf;fhfTk; ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij
toq;FtjhFk;.
• ,jw;fhf cupa ,yf;F jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; 2011 Mk; Mz;L
,Wjpapy; 1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfspy; ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij
mKy;g;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf mgptpUj;jpf;fhf cj;Njr Gjpa 1000 ,ilepiyg;
ghlrhiyfspy; ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf ;fhd re;ju ;g ;gq;fs;
tpupTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Jld; fy;tp Kiwikapd; Njitapd;
mbg ;gilapy ; ,ul ;ilnkho pf ; fy ;t p Ntiyj ;j pl ;lj ;ij
mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; njhlu;e;Jk; Mrpupau;fspd; jpwikfis tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;Fk; mjd;%yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l gad;fis tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;Fk; eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,jw;fhf Mq;fpy nkhop %y Gjpa 410 gl;ljhupfis Mrpupau;fshfr;
Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;L ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;
tu;j;jfg; ghlj;Jiwiaf; fw;Fk; khztu;fSf;F ,jw;fhf tha;g;gpid
toq;fp ̀ q;nty;y> rPjhtf;f> uh[rpq;`> N`hkhfk kj;jpa fy;Y}up
kw;Wk; nfhOk;G Yk;gpdp Mfpa fy;Y}upfspy; tu;j;jfg; ghlj;Jiwf;fhf
Mq;fpynkhopia mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; gzpfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
122
2.122.122.122.122.12 Mrpupau; rkepiyf;fhd Gjpa gpuNtrk;Mrpupau; rkepiyf;fhd Gjpa gpuNtrk;Mrpupau; rkepiyf;fhd Gjpa gpuNtrk;Mrpupau; rkepiyf;fhd Gjpa gpuNtrk;Mrpupau; rkepiyf;fhd Gjpa gpuNtrk;
• Njrpa Mrpupau; ,lkhw;wf; nfhs;if kw;Wk; Mrpupau; Nritf;Fr;
Nru ;j ;Jf;nfhs;Sk; nraw;ghLfis tpupthd mbg;gilapy;
kPsha;Tf;Fl;gLj;jpf; fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiwia
KOikahf xopg;gjw;Fk; vjpu;tUk; Ml;Nru;g;gpid Mrpupau; Njitapd;
mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; khfhzg; nghWg;ghsu;fSld;
,ize;J $l;L Kaw;rpahf Kd;ndLf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mj;Jld; ghlrhiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Ml;Nru;g;Gg; gzpfis
Kiwahf Nkw;nfhs;sTk; eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
2.132.132.132.132.13 gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa rl;lk;gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa rl;lk;gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa rl;lk;gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa rl;lk;gpupntdhf; fy;tpf;fhd Gjpa rl;lk;
kw;Wk; cj;Njr Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;kw;Wk; cj;Njr Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;kw;Wk; cj;Njr Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;kw;Wk; cj;Njr Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;kw;Wk; cj;Njr Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;
• gpupntdhf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpapd; cj;Njr Gjpa Kd;Ndw;wq;fspy;
1979Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;du; ve;jtpj kWrPuikg;GfisAk; cl;gLj;jhj
gpupntdhr; rl;lk; rkfhyj; Njitf;Nfw;g kWrPuikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• rka #oypy; Muk;gf; fy;tpia toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; gpupntdhf;fspy;
gpf;F my;yhj khztu; fSf;fhf 1-V juj; jpw;fhd Muk;gg; gpupT
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2600 rk;Gj;j [ae;jp ia Kd;dpl;L Njrpa
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; rfy gpuptpdhf;fisAk; jOtf;$bathW
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. rka Mrpupau; guPl;ir kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.
(cau;jug;) guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;j Mrpupau;fis ,yq;if Mrpupau;
Nritf;Fr; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs; tjw;fhf eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
25 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du; gpupntdh ghlE}y;fis kWrPuikf;f
xOq;Ffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld; gpupntdhf;fSf;fhf jkpo;
nkhop%y Mrpupau;fspd; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;> fzpdp
mwpit toq;Ftjw;Fk;> gpupntdh Mrpupau;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp
mspg;gjw;Fk; cupa eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.
123
2.142.142.142.142.14 fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf tpNrl cjtpfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf tpNrl cjtpfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf tpNrl cjtpfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf tpNrl cjtpfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf tpNrl cjtp
toq;fy;fs;toq;fy;fs;toq;fy;fs;toq;fy;fs;toq;fy;fs;
nfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; jiyaPl;Lld; nfhupa murhq;fk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if
murhq;fj;Jld; nra;Jnfhz;l cld;gbf;iff;F mika KOikahd
cjtpahf ntspehl;L cjtpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,J ehl;bd; Njrpa kw;Wk; khfhz ghlrhiyfisj;
jOtf;$bathW kpf caupa fy;tp gz;Grhu; tpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
mjp etPd ,yj;jpudpay; 3000 gpahNdhf;fs;> mofpay; ghl fw;wy; -
fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfisg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Jld;
gpahNdh ,irg;gjw;fhf Njitahd gapw;rpfisAk; rpwhu;fSf;F toq;f
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf tpNrl fUk;gyif (Non reflected green board) 30000 ck;
ed;nfhilahf toq;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;> ghlrhiy
rpwhu;fspd; milTkl;lj; jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;jp fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;
nraw;ghLfisg; gyg;gLj;JtJ ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.
2.152.152.152.152.15 ,yq;if tpQ;Qhd> fzpj,yq;if tpQ;Qhd> fzpj,yq;if tpQ;Qhd> fzpj,yq;if tpQ;Qhd> fzpj,yq;if tpQ;Qhd> fzpj
xypk;gpahl; rk;Nksdk;xypk;gpahl; rk;Nksdk;xypk;gpahl; rk;Nksdk;xypk;gpahl; rk;Nksdk;xypk;gpahl; rk;Nksdk;
,e;jpahtpy; ,lk;ngw;w ru;tNjr tpQ;Qhd> fzpj xypk;gpahl; Nghl;bf;fhf
tpNrl jpwikfs; nfhz;l Ie;jhk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy;jhuu;fs; 29 Ngu;
,yq;ifiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp fye;Jnfhz;lJld; ,tu;fspy; 12 Ngu;
124
mjprpwe;j ntw;wpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ldu;. ,t;thW xypk;gpahl;
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; khztu;fs; gq;Nfw;wjd; %yk; vkJ ehl;Lf;F kw;Wk;
Vida ehLfspd; fy;tp kl;lj;ij Neubahf xg;gPL nra;a KbtJld;
,jd;NghJ mjp tpNrl jpwikfisf; fhz;gpj;j khztu;fSf;fhf kpFe;j
rthy;kpf;f fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;f tpNrl eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLk;.
2.162.162.162.162.16 tho;f;ifj; Nju;r;rpahf Mq;fpytho;f;ifj; Nju;r;rpahf Mq;fpytho;f;ifj; Nju;r;rpahf Mq;fpytho;f;ifj; Nju;r;rpahf Mq;fpytho;f;ifj; Nju;r;rpahf Mq;fpy
nkhopia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;nkhopia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;nkhopia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;nkhopia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;nkhopia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
mjpNkjF [dhjpgjpapd; topfhl;lYf;F mika mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; tpNrlkhf ghlrhiy khzt khztpfspd; Mq;fpyg;
Ngr;Rj; jpwik ,aYikia tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mtu;fspd; ePbj;j njhopy;
jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,e;jpah i`juhghj;jpy; Mq;fpy kw;Wk; ntspehl;L nkhop gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd;
39 gapw;rpahsu;fspdhy; Mq;fpy Mrpupau;fSf;Fg; gapw;rpaspj;J mtu;fs;
%yk; ehnlq;Fk; Mq;fpnkhop Mrpupau;fspd; Ngr;rhw;wiy tpUj;jpnra;a
eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Vw;fdNt ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ehl;bd; Mq;fpy
Mrpupau;fspd; 78 rjtPjkhNdhUf;Fg; gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Mq;fpy Ngr;Rj; Nju;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L Kiwfs;
nfhz;l nkhbAy; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; 2012Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; f.ngh.j.
125
(rhjhuz juk;) fSf;fhf Mq;fpyg; Ngr;R ,aYikfs; njhlu;ghd kjpg;gpl;Lg;
gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nraw;ghLfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mwpTrhu; r%fj;jpd; %yk; Nfhska rthy;fis ,yFtpy; ntw;wpnfhs;s
KbtJld; njhlu;Grhjd ,aYikfs; nfhz;l Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk;
khztu;fis cUthf;Fthf;fp mtu;fsplk; tpNrlkhf Mq;fpy nkhopg;
Ngr;Rj; jpwikia tpUj;jp nra;tJ ,jd; mbg;gil vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.
Nguhjid Mq;fpyf; fy;tp njhlu;ghd mjp rpwe;j kj;jpa epiyak; (Centre
for Excellence in English Education) ,w;fhf fzpdpj; njhopy;El;gk; cl;gl
gy;NtWgl;l cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;fp mk;kj;jpa epiyaj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghf Gjpa epjp Kfhikj;Jtj;ij gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,jw;fhf Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd;
epjp xJf;fPLfSk; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
126
2.172.172.172.172.17 f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j.f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j.f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j.f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j.f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j.
(cau;juk;) kw;Wk; 5Mk; ju Gyikg;guprpy;(cau;juk;) kw;Wk; 5Mk; ju Gyikg;guprpy;(cau;juk;) kw;Wk; 5Mk; ju Gyikg;guprpy;(cau;juk;) kw;Wk; 5Mk; ju Gyikg;guprpy;(cau;juk;) kw;Wk; 5Mk; ju Gyikg;guprpy;
guPl;irf;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;J ifNaLfs;guPl;irf;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;J ifNaLfs;guPl;irf;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;J ifNaLfs;guPl;irf;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;J ifNaLfs;guPl;irf;fhf tpdhf;nfhj;J ifNaLfs;
• ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;)
guPl;irapy; gy;NtWgl;l ghlq;fSf;fhd KOikahd kw;Wk; cau;juk;
nfhz;l tpdhf;nfhj;Jf; Nfhitia mr;rpl;L khztu;fs; kw;Wk;
nghJkf;fSf;F kpff; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bathW
eltbf;ifsf; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,jdhy; jdpahu; mr;rfq;fSf;F
$Ljyhd tpiyf;F tpdhf;nfhj;Jf; ifNaLfis tpw;gid
nra;atpUe;j re;ju;g;gj;ij jtpu;f;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• gz;Grhu; juk;kpf;f caupa tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; tpilfs; nfhz;l
ifNaLfis kpf Fiwe;j tpiyapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,aYik
,jd;%yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fOj;Jg; gl;bfspd; mstpidf;
nfhz;ljhf Frd; nra;ag;gl;l
,yFtpy; ,af;ff;$ba nfhf;fp
nfhz;l fOj;Jg;gl;b
gq;Ffshf gpupj;J
cs;NsAs;s trjp
,Lg;Gg ;gl ;b,Lg;Gg ;gl ;b,Lg;Gg ;gl ;b,Lg;Gg ;gl ;b,Lg;Gg ;gl ;b
igia clYld; ,Uf;fkhf
,izj;J itg;gjw;Fk; Nkyjpf
Rik msit kbapy; itf;ff;
$bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
127
2.182.182.182.182.18 ghlrhiyg; ghlE}y;fspd; epiwiaf;ghlrhiyg; ghlE}y;fspd; epiwiaf;ghlrhiyg; ghlE}y;fspd; epiwiaf;ghlrhiyg; ghlE}y;fspd; epiwiaf;ghlrhiyg; ghlE}y;fspd; epiwiaf;
Fiwj;J kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l KiwahdFiwj;J kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l KiwahdFiwj;J kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l KiwahdFiwj;J kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l KiwahdFiwj;J kpfTk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l Kiwahd
ghlrhiy ghlE}y; ig mwpKfg;gLj;jg;ghlrhiy ghlE}y; ig mwpKfg;gLj;jg;ghlrhiy ghlE}y; ig mwpKfg;gLj;jg;ghlrhiy ghlE}y; ig mwpKfg;gLj;jg;ghlrhiy ghlE}y; ig mwpKfg;gLj;jg;
gl;Ls;sJ.gl;Ls;sJ.gl;Ls;sJ.gl;Ls;sJ.gl;Ls;sJ.
ghlrhiy rpwhu;fSf;fhf gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;l ghlrhiy Gj;jfg; ig
epiw njhlu;gpy; kPsha;Tf;Fl;gLj;jp Gj;jfq;fspd; epiwiaf; Fiwf;f
KbAkhd khw;W nraw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jw;fika ghlrhiy
ghlE}y;fspd; epiw Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mj;Jld; ghlrhiy khztu;fspd;
Rfhjhuj;jpw;F ghjpg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;jhj itj;jpa gupe;Jiuf;fika Gjpa
ghlrhiyg; ig mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.192.192.192.192.19 ghlrhiy cztfq;fspd; cau;e;jghlrhiy cztfq;fspd; cau;e;jghlrhiy cztfq;fspd; cau;e;jghlrhiy cztfq;fspd; cau;e;jghlrhiy cztfq;fspd; cau;e;j
juj;ijg; NgZjy;juj;ijg; NgZjy;juj;ijg; NgZjy;juj;ijg; NgZjy;juj;ijg; NgZjy;
rfy ghlrhiy cztfq;fs; %yk; tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk; czTg; nghUl;fs;
cau;e;j juk; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mtw;wpy; jpBu; czTg;
nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; clYf;Fg; ghjpg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; czTg; nghUl;fis
tpw;gid nra;tijj; jLf;f cau;e;jgl;r eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,jw;fika caupa Nghrhf;F kpf;f gz;Grhu; juk; nfhz;l czTg;
nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;j rpwhu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fp jukw;w czTg;
nghUl;fisj; jtpu;j;J rpwhu;fspd; Nghrhf;F kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj; juj;ij
Nkk;gLj;j eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,jw;fhf Rfhjhu mikr;rpd; gq;fspg;Gk; ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ.
128
2.202.202.202.202.20 ~rpuj;jh[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk;~rpuj;jh[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk;~rpuj;jh[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk;~rpuj;jh[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk;~rpuj;jh[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
nfsut fy;tp mikr;rupd; jiyaPl;Lld; fy;tp mikr;rpd; mofpaw; gpupTk;>
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd; mofpaw;gpupT $l;lhf ,ize;J 2010 ntrhf;
Nehd;kjp jpdj;jpy; mEuhjGu nrsu;zkhyp irj;jpauhikf;F mUfhikapy;
gf;jpfPj epfo;r;rp ~rpuj;jh[yp| Ntiyj;jpl;lk; elhj;jg;gl;lJ.
,t;rpuj;jh[yp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F ,izthf gf;jp fPj kw;Wk; mofpaw;fy;tp
njhlu;ghd fye;Jiuahly; elhj;jg;gl;lJld; ,jpy; gpugy tsthsu;fs;
fye;J nfhz;ldu;.
kf;fspd; gf;jpia mjpfupf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpD}lhf ,sk;
guk;giuapdupd; rpe;jid Kiwfis gyg;gLj;JtJ ,jd; mbg;gil
vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.
2.212.212.212.212.21 fy;tp ntspaPL> ghlE}y;> ghl tpjhdk;fy;tp ntspaPL> ghlE}y;> ghl tpjhdk;fy;tp ntspaPL> ghlE}y;> ghl tpjhdk;fy;tp ntspaPL> ghlE}y;> ghl tpjhdk;fy;tp ntspaPL> ghlE}y;> ghl tpjhdk;
kw;Wk; khjpup tpdh tpil Nfhitkw;Wk; khjpup tpdh tpil Nfhitkw;Wk; khjpup tpdh tpil Nfhitkw;Wk; khjpup tpdh tpil Nfhitkw;Wk; khjpup tpdh tpil Nfhit
tpw;gid mgptpUj;jp tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;tpw;gid mgptpUj;jp tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;tpw;gid mgptpUj;jp tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;tpw;gid mgptpUj;jp tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;tpw;gid mgptpUj;jp tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
• fy;tp mikr;rpd; fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; cupa Vida
epWtdq;fspdhy; mr;rplg;gLk; gy;NtWgl;l fy;tp E}y;fs; kw;Wk;
ghlE}y;fs; kw;Wk; fle;jfhy guPl;ir khjpup tpdhj;jhs;fs; Njitahd
rfyUf;Fk; rYif tpiyapy; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gk;
,jd; %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ehl;bd; rfy gpujhd Gifapuj
epiyaq;fspYk; ,g;Gj;jfq;fspd; tpw;gidia Cf;Ftpf;f kj;jpa
epiyaq;fis Muk;gpf;f Vw;fdNt rfy eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gl;Ls;sd.
129
• mj;Jld; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpd; ntspaPL kw;Wk; Gj;jf tpw;gid
mgptpUj;jp nkhj;j epiyak; fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
xOq;fikg;G kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; tpupthd mbg;gilapy;
xOq;F nra;J Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;F Mrpupau; ifNaL> ghltpjhdk;>
Mrpupau; topfhl;lw; Nfhit> ghl E}y;fs; cs;spl;l rfy fy;tp
ntspaPLfisAk; gad;kpf;fjhf nraw;jpwd; nfhz;ljhf rYif
mbg;gilapy; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;Ls;s re;ju;g;gq;fis
tpupTgLj;j eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
130
mj;jpahak; 3mj;jpahak; 3mj;jpahak; 3mj;jpahak; 3mj;jpahak; 3
fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; kw;Wk;
2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cj;Njr vjpu;fhy2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cj;Njr vjpu;fhy2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cj;Njr vjpu;fhy2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cj;Njr vjpu;fhy2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cj;Njr vjpu;fhy
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
3.13.13.13.13.1 fy;tpf ;nfhs;if kw;Wk; jpl ;lkply;fy;tpf ;nfhs;if kw;Wk; jpl ;lkply;fy;tpf ;nfhs;if kw;Wk; jpl ;lkply;fy;tpf ;nfhs;if kw;Wk; jpl ;lkply;fy;tpf ;nfhs;if kw;Wk; jpl ;lkply;
mKyhf;fy;mKyhf;fy;mKyhf;fy;mKyhf;fy;mKyhf;fy;
fy;tpj;Jiwf;fhf nfhs;if %yq;fis toq;Fk; k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;
jpl;lj;jpd;Kyk; gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;l gzpfs; kw;Wk; Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO
%yk; gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;l nfhs;if mbg;gilapyhd Nahridfis
mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhff; fle;j Mz;by; jpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fy;tpf;
nfhs;iffis mKy;g;gLj;Jk; Nfhl;ghL fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf;
Nfhl;ghl;bd; fPo; tya> khfhz kw;Wk; eLj;ju epWtdq;fs; %yk; jahupj;J
mKy;g;gLj;Jk; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; mjw;Fupa Ntiyj;jpl ;lq;fs;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; mjw;fika vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l ,yf;if vl;bajhf
tpNrlkhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
3.1.1 3.1.1 3.1.1 3.1.1 3.1.1 fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fika
~~Jiwrhu; gpuNtrk;||^Sector - wide Approach) Clhf 2006Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk;
fy;tp Kiwikapy; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; Mf;fj;jpwd; Ntiyj;jpl;lkhFk;.
,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lk; fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l nfhs;if mbg;gilapyhd njhdpg;
nghUis cs;slf;fpAs;sd.
131
njhdpg;nghUs; 1: Muk;g kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpf;fhd rkepaha
gpuNtrk; kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G tpUj;jp.
njhdpg;nghUs; 2: Muk;g kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu;
juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;.
njhdpg;nghUs; 3: ts tpepNahfj;jpd;NghJ nghUshjhu nraw;jpwd;
kw;Wk; rk epahaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
njhdpg;nghUs; 4: fy;tpapd; rpwe;j epUthfk; kw;Wk; Nrit
toq;Ftjidg; gyg;gLj;jy;.
,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lk; rfy khfhzf; fy;tpg; gzpg;ghsu;fs;> Njrpa
kl;lj;jpyhd epWtfk; Clhf mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk;. mj;Jld; fy;tp
mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfSld; njhlu;Ggl;l Vida epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;
gy;fiyf;fofq;fSk; ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;jg; gq;fspg;G
toq;fpAs;sd.
fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; fl;bnaOg;gg;
gl;bUg;gJ eLj;ju jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tuTnryTj;jpl;l Nfhl;ghl;Lf;Fs;
vd;gJld; ,J ngWNgW Nfhl;ghl;bid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sik
tpNrl mk;rkhFk;.
fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;
nfhs;iffisj; jpl;lkply; nraw;rhjid kPsha;tpd; %yk; 2010Mk; Mz;by;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
♦ Njrpa fy;tp nfhs;ifia KOikahd fy;tp Kiwikapy;
mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rfy khfhzq;fSld; ,ize;J ePz;lfhy
kj;jpa kw;Wk; tUlhe;j nraw;ghLfis jpl;lkpl;L mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
132
♦ ghlrhiyfspy; epjp mjpfhuq;fisj; jPu;khdpj;jy;> mjpfhuj;ijg;
gz;Kfg;gLj;jy;> ghlrhiyfspy; epjptsj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpg;
gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l khfhz kw;Wk; E}W Njrpa
ghlrhiyfSf;fhf ghlrhiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epjp
xJf;fpPl;bid toq;Fk; Kd;Ndhb Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;L
mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
♦ Njrpa fy;tpf; nfhs;iff;fhd Nahridfis rku;g;gpf;f ghlrhiy
fl;likg;Gg; gzpfSf;fhff; nfhs;iffis tFj;jy;> ghlrhiy
kjpg;gPl;L tiuG> tpupthf;fy; Nghd;w nfhs;iffis tFj;J
mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; Njitahd eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLj;jy;.
♦ fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; Njrpa
kl;lj;jpy; ,izg;G nra;jy;> mKy;g;gLj;j Njitahd njhopy;El;g
cjtpfs; kw;Wk; topfhl;ly;fis toq;Fjy;.
♦ fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhfj;
Njitahd epjp %yq;fis ,dq;fhz cupa jug;gpdUld; ,izg;G
kw;Wk; cghaq;fis ,dq;fhZjy;.
♦ ghlrhiy epjpahf;f Rw;wwpf;iffis kWrPuikj;jy;.
♦ k p̀e;j rpe;jidapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s 1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis
mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;Fupa mbg;gilg; gzpfis
epiwNtw;Wjy;.
♦ fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd;
2Mk; fl;lj;jpw;Fupa mbg;gilg; gzpfis epiwNtw;Wjy;.
♦ ghuhSkd;wk;> epjp kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; mKyhf;fy; mikr;R> gpujku;
mYtyfk;> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp mikr;R
Nghd;w epWtdq;fSf;fhfr; nraw;rhjid mwpf;iffisj; jahupj;jy;.
133
♦ fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
njhlu;ghd Kd;Ndhbg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; kPSl;ly; nraw;ghLfis
mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
♦ ,ize;j epjpak; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L cjtpapd; fPo; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk;
(tpNrlkhf 50 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nraw;wpl;lk; njhlu;ghd
Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;iffisr; rku;g;gpj;jy;.)
♦ fy;tp Kiwikapd; tuT nryT njhlu;ghd Gs;sptpgu Ma;T kw;Wk;
mwpf;ifg;gLj;jy;.
♦ Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd khztu; nraw;rhjid njhlu;gpy; kjpg;gPl;L ,izg;G
nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;Jk;NghJ fy;tpf;fhd nkhj;j mur
KjyPl;Lf;F ,izthf Nkyjpf xJf;fPl;bid epUtfpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; cyf
tq;fp cjtp toq;fy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Vida rfy epjpAjtp
toq;Fk; r%fj;jpd; ntspehl;L cjtp toq;fy;fs; %yk; mbg;gil Nritapd;
fPo; ,J cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
3.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.2 3.1.2 k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy; k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy; k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy; k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy; k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;
2005Mk; Mz;L k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fy;tpj;Jiwf;fhf
mwpT gz;Gfs; juq;fisf; gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;l 36 Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy;
34 Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; KOikahf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l ,yf;if vl;bAs;sJld;
mjpy; gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; fy;tpj;Jiwapy; ePz;lfhy njhlu;r;rpahf
mKy;g;gLj;Jk; Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; njhlu;e;Jk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
,NjNtis 2011 - 2016 ,w;fhf k`pe;j rpe;jidapy; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s cj;Njr Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj;
Njitahd jpl;lq;fs; Vw;fdNt jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mjpy; xUrpy
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis Vw;fdNt mKy;g;gLj;jj; Njitahd nraw;ghLfs;
tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
134
3.1.33.1.33.1.33.1.33.1.3 rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jprfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jprfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jprfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jprfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jp
Nehf;fpid vl;Ljy;Nehf;fpid vl;Ljy;Nehf;fpid vl;Ljy;Nehf;fpid vl;Ljy;Nehf;fpid vl;Ljy;
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F (Education for All Goals) kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jp
Nehf;F (Milleneium Development Goals) epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf ,yq;if ru;tNjr
uPjpapy; Kd;Ndw;wfukhf kl;lj;jpy; me;Nehf;fj;ij vl;Lk; tpNrl
Kd;Ndw;wq;fis mile;Js;sJ. ,jw;fika ,t; ,yf;fpid 2015Mk;
Mz;by; vl;Ltjw;fhf fPo;f; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gzpfs; fle;j Mz;by;
Nkw;nfhs;sg; gl;ld.
♦ rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp Nehf;F kw;Wk; rf];rpuj mgptpUj;jp Nehf;fpid
vl;Ltjw;fhd nfhs;if Nahridfs; Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FOTf;Fr;
rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Nehf;fq;fis miltjw;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd
cghaq;fs;> cupa mikr;R kw;Wk; epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;J
mKy;g;gLj;j eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
♦ rfyUf;Fk; fy;tp eLj;ju Rl;b kjpg;gPl;bd; %yk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l
tplaq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpf;fhd gpuNtrkhf
ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; mKy;g;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghl;Lf; Nfhl;ghLfSk;>
Mrpupau;fSf;fhd ifNaLfSk; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mLj;j Mz;by;
cupa jug;gpdUld; ,ize;J mKy;g;gLj;j eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;
gl;Ls;sd.
♦ Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tpupthd Nkw;ghu;it
kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;Lr; nraw;ghLfis tFg;gjw;fhf khfhz kl;lj;jpy;
kw;Wk; tya kl;lj;jpy; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; nfhs;ssT tpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; rfy khfhzq;fspYk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
135
3.23.23.23.23.2 fy;tp gz;Grhu; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;fy;tp gz;Grhu; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;fy;tp gz;Grhu; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;fy;tp gz;Grhu; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;fy;tp gz;Grhu; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if>jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if>jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if>jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if>jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;w mwpf;if>cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;cj;Njr mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
2010Mk; Mz;by; fy;tpg; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jpapy; gy;NtWgl;l tplaq;fSf;fika
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gzpfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fis 2011Mk; Mz;by;
mKy;g;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; njhlu;ghd RUf;fkhd
jfty;fs; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
,ize;j epjpaj;jpidg; Nghd;W ntspehl;L tsq;fy;fs; %yKk; nkhj;j
epjp KjyPL tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. fy;tp mikr;R> ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj;
jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l
epjptoq;fy;fs; ml;ltizfs; %yk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. khfhzf; fy;tpj;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nrytpd kjpg;gPL ,jpy;
cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy.
136
nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;
kPz;nlOk; nrytpdk;
1. nraw;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
mikr;R mYtyfk;
epUthfk; kw;Wk; jhgd Nrit
(nghJf;fy;tp)
2. mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
Muk;gf;fy;tp
,ilepiyf;fy;tp
tpNrl fy;tp
fy;tpf;fhd toq;fy;fs; kw;Wk;
cjtpfs;
fy;tpj; jpl;lkply; mKyhf;fy;
Mrpupau; gapw;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;
Nfhl;ghL
nghJf;fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu;
tpUj;jpf;fhf jhgd cjtpfs;
%yjd nrtpdk;
1. nraw;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
mikr;rpd; mYtyfk;
epUthfk; kw;Wk; jhgd Nrit
(nghJf;fy;tp)
2. mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj; jpl;lk;
Muk;gf;fy;tp
,ilepiyf;fy;tp
tpNrl fy;tp
fy;tpf;fhd toq;fy;fs; kw;Wk;
cjtpfs;
fy;tpj; jpl;lkply; mKyhf;fy;
Mrpupau; gapw;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;
Nfhl;ghL
nghJf;fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu;
tpUj;jpf;fhf jhgd cjtpfs;
nghJf;fy;tp mgptpUj;jp nraw;wpl;lk;
nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk;
,y. cz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahd
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 9
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
21>511>615
48>150
278>926
2>299>037
9>364>502
2>425>190
5>913>402
18>022
854>032
310>354
3>753>263
4>498
70>047
263>907
471>474
10>388
35>179
18>500
2>879>270
25>264>87825>264>87825>264>87825>264>87825>264>878
vjpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;
fg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;l
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 0
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
22>169>710
49>675
343>535
2>313>293
9>548>247
2>643>546
5>947>105
18>394
1>007>194
298>721
3>808>840
5>549
61>201
285>500
664>930
15>300
75>550
23>500
2>677>310
25>978>55025>978>55025>978>55025>978>55025>978>550
kjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PL
nra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;l
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 1
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
25>331>345
53>704
424>916
2>633>069
10>607>500
2>848>115
7>209>688
19>695
1>219>958
314>700
4>208>107
6>150
100>500
380>250
1>298>786
30>980
89>050
31>000
2>271>391
29>539>45229>539>45229>539>45229>539>45229>539>452
3.2.1 ml;ltiz:3.2.1 ml;ltiz:3.2.1 ml;ltiz:3.2.1 ml;ltiz:3.2.1 ml;ltiz: fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;>2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;>2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;>2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;>2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;>2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk;
2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;; ;; ;
137
3.2.2 ml;ltiz:3.2.2 ml;ltiz:3.2.2 ml;ltiz:3.2.2 ml;ltiz:3.2.2 ml;ltiz: fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;fy;tp mikr;rpd; nrytpdj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fy;tp,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fy;tp,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fy;tp,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fy;tp,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; fy;tpntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 2009Mk; Mz;bw;ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 2009Mk; Mz;bw;ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 2009Mk; Mz;bw;ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 2009Mk; Mz;bw;ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd;fhd cz;ikahd nrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bdvjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bdvjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bdvjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bdvjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bdkjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;
,y
,y
,y
,y
,y. cz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahd
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 9
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
1>450>079
1>427>624
22>455
86>735
53>769
32>966
1 >536 >8141 >536 >8141 >536 >8141 >536 >8141 >536 >814
vjpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;
fg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;l
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 0
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
1>283>460
1>262>730
20>730
245>800
162>750
83>050
1 >529 >2601 >529 >2601 >529 >2601 >529 >2601 >529 >260
kjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PL
nra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;l
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 1
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
1>668>877
1>642>113
26>764
158>663
63>308
95>355
1 >827 >5401 >827 >5401 >827 >5401 >827 >5401 >827 >540
kPz;nlOk; nrytpdk;
guPl;irj;jpizf;fs mgptpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
guPl;ir kjpg;gPL
fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;
jpd; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;.
jhgd Nrit
%yjd nrytpdk;
guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;
mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
guPl;ir kjpg;gPL
fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;
jpd; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
jhgd Nrit
nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk ;nkhj;jk ;nkhj;jk ;nkhj;jk ;
nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;
138
3.2.3 ml;ltiz:3.2.3 ml;ltiz:3.2.3 ml;ltiz:3.2.3 ml;ltiz:3.2.3 ml;ltiz: fy;tp mikr;r pd ; nrytpdj; jiyg;g pd ; f Po ;fy;tp mikr;r pd ; nrytpdj; jiyg;g pd ; f Po ;fy;tp mikr;r pd ; nrytpdj; jiyg;g pd ; f Po ;fy;tp mikr;r pd ; nrytpdj; jiyg;g pd ; f Po ;fy;tp mikr;r pd ; nrytpdj; jiyg;g pd ; f Po ;nkhj;jkhf 2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahdnkhj;jkhf 2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahdnkhj;jkhf 2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahdnkhj;jkhf 2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahdnkhj;jkhf 2009Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cz;ikahdnrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lnrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lnrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lnrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lnrytpdk;> 2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lnryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;nryT kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bd kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk;gl;l nrytpdk;gl;l nrytpdk;gl;l nrytpdk;gl;l nrytpdk;
3.2.13.2.13.2.13.2.13.2.1 Muk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpMuk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpMuk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpMuk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpMuk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tp
Muk;gk; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpapd; mbg;gil Nehf;fq;fis mile;J
Njrj;jpd; milahsj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jp Nfhyka rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;sf;
$ba khdpl tsj;ij tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy; ,g;ghltpjhdj;ij
mKy;g;gLj;Jk; gzpfspy; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; ghl,id nraw;ghLfspd;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; RUf;fkhf ,jd; %yk; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• Muk;gf;fy;tpMuk;gf;fy;tpMuk;gf;fy;tpMuk;gf;fy;tpMuk;gf;fy;tp
rpWtu; el;GwTg; ghlrhiyahf Muk;gg; ghlrhiy Kiwikia mgptpUj;jp
nra;J rfy khztu;fisAk; mj;jpahtrpa fw;wy; Nju;r;rpfis miltjid
cWjp nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfSf;F kw;Wk; Muk;gg; gpuptpd;
ngsjpf ts tpepNahfk; cl;gl khfhz> tya> Nfhl;l kl;lj;jpy;
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fsJ nfhs;ssT tpUj;jp> mjpgu; kw;Wk; Mrpupau;fSf;Fg;
%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R
,y.
,y.
,y.
,y.
,y.
cz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahdcz;ikahd
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 92 0 0 9
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
22>961>694
3>839>998
26>801>69226>801>69226>801>69226>801>69226>801>692
vjpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;jpu ;ghu;f;
fg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;lfg;gl;l
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 02 0 1 0
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
23>453>170
4>054>640
27>507>81027>507>81027>507>81027>507>81027>507>810
kjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PLkjpg ;g PL
nra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;lnra;ag;gl;l
nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;nrytpdk ;
2 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 12 0 1 1
(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)(&. 000)
27>000>222
4>366>770
31>366>99231>366>99231>366>99231>366>99231>366>992
nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;nraw;wpl;lk;
kPz;nlOk; nrytpdk;
%yjd nrytpdk;
nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;
139
gapw;rp mspj;jy; 2010Mk; Mz;by; gpujhd nraw;ghlhf mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
2011Mk; Mz;by; gy;Nju;T> gy;ju Kiwfs; njhlu;ghf Muk;gf;fy;tp
cj;jpNahf;fju;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp mspj;jy;> nraw;ghLfis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l Mq;fpy Ntiyj;jpl;lk;> Muk;gj; juq;fspy; fy;tp cs;sPLfisg;
gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk; mKy;g;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
• Mq;fpyf;fy;tpMq;fpyf;fy;tpMq;fpyf;fy;tpMq;fpyf;fy;tpMq;fpyf;fy;tp
cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ru;tNjr rthy;fSf;F ntw;wpfukhf Kfq;nfhLj;J
gad;kpf;fjhfj; jkJ gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s Njitahd Mq;fpy nkhop
njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpia toq;Ftjw;fhf ghlrhiy khztu;fs;> Mq;fpy
Mrpupau;fs;> Mrpupa MNyhrfu;fs;> Kfhikahsu;fs; kw;Wk; rfy
FOf;fSf;Fkhf Nju;r;rp kw;Wk; njhopy; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 2010Mk; Mz;by;
mKy;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 2011k; Mz;L gy;tif gy;Nju;T juKiw njhlu;ghf
Muk;gf; fy;tp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis gapw;Wtpj;jy;> nraw;ghLfis Jupjkhff;
nfhz;l Mq;fpy Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Muk;gf; fy;tp cs;sPl;bid gyg;gLj;Jtjd;
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fzpjf; fy;tptpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fzpjf; fy;tptpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fzpjf; fy;tptpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fzpjf; fy;tptpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fzpjf; fy;tp
f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) tpQ;Qhd fy;tpapd; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;
%yk; f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) tpQ;Qhdf;fy;tpiaj; njhlu;tJ njhlu;gpy;
khztu;fspd; Mu;tj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; efuq;fisg; Nghd;W
fpuhkpag; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s rfy ghlrhiyfSf;Fk; mj;jpahtrpa tpQ;Qhd
Ma;T$l trjpfis toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; Fiwe;j nrytpy; elkhLk; tpQ;Qhd
Ma;T$lk; fy;tp mikr;rpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 2010Mk; Mz;by; tl
fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; 30 ghlrhiyfSf;fhfTk; 2011Mk; Mz;by;
nkhzuhfiy khtl;lj;jpy; 30 ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; Vida khfhzq;fspy;
200 ghlrhiyfisj; jOtf;$bathW elkhLk; tpQ;Qhd Ma;T$lj;ij
tpepNahfpf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
140
tho;Tf;F tpQ;Qhdk; vd;w rpwhu;fspilNa nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhf mDrf;jp
mjpfhu rigAld; ,ize;J gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
ehLG+uhfTk; cs;s tpQ;Qhd Jiwrhu;e;j 39 kj;jpa epiyaq;fis
gy;NtWgl;l FOf;fSf;fhf Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,jw;F
Nkyjpfkhf 2011Mk; Mz;by; tpQ;Qhdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
Gjpa Mf;fj; jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;j
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;) fzpjg; ngWNgWfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;
fzpjf; fUtpfs; kw;Wk; ~~fzpjf; ifNaL|| vd;w ngaupy; Gj;jfk; mr;rplg;gl;L
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld. fzpjk; kw;Wk; tpQ;Qhd tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; ghlk;
nfhz;l ,Wntl;Lf;fs; rfy tyaq;fSf;Fk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
f.ngh.j (cau; juk;) Mrpupau;fis fzpj gpuNahf ghl mwpT kw;Wk;
jpwikfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
2011Mk; Mz;bd; f.ngh.j (rhjhz juk;) fzpjg; ngWNgWfis Nkk;gLj;Jk;
khztu; gpd;D}l;ly; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 1000 khztu;fSf;fhf mKy;g;gLj;j
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• Njrpankhop kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; nkhopf; fy;tpNjrpankhop kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; nkhopf; fy;tpNjrpankhop kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; nkhopf; fy;tpNjrpankhop kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; nkhopf; fy;tpNjrpankhop kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; nkhopf; fy;tp
khztu;fspd; nkhopj;jpwikfis tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk; vOj;jwpit
Nkk;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; khztu; Nju;r;rpia mjpfupg;gjw;fhf ghl fUj;juq;Ffs;>
mfpy ,yq;ifg; Nghl;bj; njhlu;fis elhj;Jjy;> guPl;irf;fhd
Kd;dhaj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy; 2010Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
gzpfspy; mlq;Ffpd;wd. ,uz;lhk;nkhopahf rpq;fsk; my;yJ jkpo;
nkhopiaf; fw;gpg;gjw;fhf fw;if cgfuzq;fisj; jahupj;jy; kw;Wk; Mrpupau;
gapw;rpfs; toq;Ftjid kpif nraw;wpwd; kw;Wk; gad;kpf;fjhf Nkw;nfhs;sj;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by; kpFe;j nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjhf
Njrpankhop fw;gpj;jy; nraw;wpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; Njitahd
Mrpupau;fis toq;FtJ njhlu;gpy; tpNrlkhff; ftdk; nrYj;j
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
141
• mofpaw;fy;tpmofpaw;fy;tpmofpaw;fy;tpmofpaw;fy;tpmofpaw;fy;tp
ghlrhiy rpwhu;fisg; Nghd;W
Mr p u pau ; fs pd ; ,aw ;if
Mu;tj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jp fiyrhu;
Nju;r;rp kw;Wk; ,urid Mu;tk;
nfhz;l r%fj;ij cUthf;Fk;
Nehf ;f py ; r pj ;j puk ; > eldk ; >
Nkiyj;Nja rq;fPjk;> fPioj;Nja
rq;fPjk;> ehl;baf;fiy njhlu;ghf
Mrpupau; kw;Wk; khztu;fspd; jpwikia tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; khztu;fspd; jpwikia ntspf;nfhzUtjw;fhf
,g;ghlj;Jiw njhlu;ghf mfpy ,yq;if kl;lj;jpy; Nghl;bf;s; elhj;jg;gl;ld.
2011Mk; Mz;by; mfpy ,yq;if
Nghl;b> rdp jpd gy;fiy kj;jpa
epiyak;> khzt nt]; kq;fy;a>
nrhJU GGJt Mfpa Ntiyj;
j pl ; lq ;fis mKy ;g ; gLj ;jj ;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sd.
• tptrhak; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tptptrhak; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tptptrhak; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tptptrhak; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tptptrhak; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tp
Njrpa NjitfSf;F Vw;wthW jpwiknfhz;l rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;sf;$ba
gpui[fis cUthf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; kueLif> ehk; gapupLNthk; Njrj;ijf;
fl;bnaOg;GNthk;> ghlrhiy Gj;jhf;Fdu;> Rw;whly; Kd;Ndhb
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;> tdtsj;ijg; ghJfhg;Nghk;> ghlrhiy tptrha gz;iz>
efu tptrhak;> ghlrhiy %ypifj; Njhl;lk;> ghlrhiy fhyepiy kj;jpa
142
epiyak; Mfpa gy tpNrl nraw;wpl;lq;fs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJld; 2011Mk;
Mz;by; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis tpupthd kl;lj;jpy; mKy;g;gLj;jj;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpjfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpjfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpjfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpjfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjdj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp
,yj;jpudpay; njhlu;ghly; fy;tpapd; %yk; (Digital Bridge Through Education)
vd;w njhdpg;nghUspy; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;Grhjd njhopy;El;gg; ghlj;ijf;
fw;wy; Clfkhf gad;ghl;bid
tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld;
ghl,id nkd;nghUl;fisj;
jahupj ;jy;> jfty; kw;Wk;
njhlu;Grhjd njhopy;El;gg;
Nghl ; ba pid elhj ;Jjy ; >
xUtUf;fhf xU kbf;fzpdp
^One Laptop per Child) nraw ;
wpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
ghlrhiyfSf;fhff; fzpdp
143
trjpfis toq;f f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)
Mrpupau; gapw;rp 2010Mk; Mz;by; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy;
gpujhdkhdjhFk;. 2010 - 2011 vjpu;fhy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspNyNa gpujhdkhf
26 Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; 95 khfhzg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fzpdp
kw;Wk; cjpupg;ghfq;fis toq;Fjy;> cs;sf nraw;ghLfSf;fhf nts;isg;
gyif (Interactive White Board) gad;ghL njhlu;ghf Mrpupau; gapw;rp> 6 - 11
juq;fSf;fhf ghl,id nkd;nghUl;fisj; jahupj;jy;> ,ytr kw;Wk;
jpwe;j nkd;nghUs; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ssT tpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• rkak; kw;Wk; tpOkpaf; fy;tprkak; kw;Wk; tpOkpaf; fy;tprkak; kw;Wk; tpOkpaf; fy;tprkak; kw;Wk; tpOkpaf; fy;tprkak; kw;Wk; tpOkpaf; fy;tp
2010Mk; Mz;by; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fpilNa f.ngh.j.
(rhjhuz juk;) ngsj;j rka ghl milTkl;lj;ij tpUj;jp nra;Ak;
Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; tpOkpa mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf mwpTWj;Jk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; elhj;jg;gl;lJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by; ngsj;j> ,e;J> ,];yhk;>
fj;Njhypf;f kw;Wk; fpwp];jt rka MNyhrid rigf; $l;lj;ij elhj;Jjy;>
kNdhepiy tpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; khztu; cjtp nrayku;TfisAk;
elhj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2011Mk; Mz;L ,lk;ngwTs;s 2600MtJ
= rk;Gj;j [ae;jpiaf; nfhz;lhLtjw;fhff; fy;tp mikr;R kw;Wk; mjDld;
,ize;j epWtdq;fs;> khfhz> tya kw;Wk; Nfhl;lf; fy;tp mYtyfq;fs;
Mfpa rfy epWtdq;fspYk; tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;j
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ghlrhiy
rpwhu;fspd; tpOkpa mgptpUj;jp> xOf;f tpOkpak; nfhz;l gpui[fis
cUthf;FtJ gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;.
• rkhjhdf; fy;tprkhjhdf; fy;tprkhjhdf; fy;tprkhjhdf; fy;tprkhjhdf; fy;tp
tpupthd gu];gu Gupe;Jzu;T kw;Wk; ew;GwT nfhz;l vjpu;fhy ,yq;if
gpui[fis cUthf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; ~~nrd`rf jf;rpyht - el;gpd;
ciwtplk;|| ,dq;fSf;fpilapy; el;GwT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
moptile;j MizapwTg; Gifapujepiyaj;ij ~~nrdfrf njhl;Lg;nghy||
144
vd;w ngaupy; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> ~~njd;Dtu kpj;JNuh|| Ntiyj;jpl;lk; 2010Mk;
Mz;by; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; kpfg; gpujhd jpl;lq;fshFk;.
,dq;fSf;fpilNa el;GwT kw;Wk; Gupe;Jzu;it tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; ,e;j
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; gy 2011Mk; Mz;by; mKy;g;gLj;jj;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• ghl,id nraw;ghLfs;> khztu; topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; MNyhridghl,id nraw;ghLfs;> khztu; topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; MNyhridghl,id nraw;ghLfs;> khztu; topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; MNyhridghl,id nraw;ghLfs;> khztu; topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; MNyhridghl,id nraw;ghLfs;> khztu; topfhl;ly; kw;Wk; MNyhrid
rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;sf;$ba NjfhNuhf;fpakpf;f khztu;fis cUthf;Fk;
Nehf;Fld; gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 2010Mk; Mz;by; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
,tw;wpy; njhopy; topfhl;ly; MNyhrid njhlu;ghf Mrpupau; topfhl;lw;
Nfhitiaj; jahupj;jy;> Nghijg;nghUs; jLg;G njhlu;ghf Mrpupau; kw;Wk;
khztiu mwpTWj;Jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;> mfpy ,yq;if ghlrhiy ltu;N`hy;
ehlfg; Nghl;bj;njhlu; Nghd;wd tpNrl mk;rq;fshFk;. 2011Mk; Mz;by;
tlfpof;Fg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf njhopy; topfhl;ly; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;>
Gifj;jy; kw;Wk; Nghijg;nghUs; njhlu;ghd jw;Nghija nraw;ghLfs;
Fwpj;J ghlhriy khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> fy;tpf;fy;Y}up Mrpupa khztu;fs;
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis mwpTWj;Jk; Gjpa Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis jpl;lkpl;L
mKy;g;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• ghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jp
ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;F Gj;jf thrpg;gpd; %yk; mwpit tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis toq;Fk; tifapy; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy; Book Flood Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; E}yfg; Gj;jfq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;a 150 ghlrhiyfSf;F 2010Mk; Mz;bd; epjp toq;Fk;
gzpfs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. NkYk; Book Bags Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 500
Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfSf;F epjp toq;Fjy;> 5 ghlrhiyfSf;F E}yf kw;Wk;
fw;wy; ts kj;jpa epiya epu;khzpg;G kw;Wk; jsghlq;fis tpepNahfpj;jy;>
339 Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;F E}yfg; Gj;jfq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;a epjp
toq;Fjy;> nkhduhfiy khtl;lj;jpy; 100 ghlrhiyfSf;fhfg; Gj;jfq;fis
toq;Fk; gzpfis 2010Mk; Mz;by; G+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
145
2011Mk; Mz;by; ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lk; NkYk; gy ghlrhiyfSf;F tpupTgLj;jj;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
3.2.2 Mrpupau; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp3.2.2 Mrpupau; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp3.2.2 Mrpupau; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp3.2.2 Mrpupau; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp3.2.2 Mrpupau; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp
Nju;r;rpkpf;f Mrpupau;fis ghlrhiy Kiwikf;F toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld;
Kd;gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;> Nritf;fhy gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; Njrpa
fy;tpf; fy;Y}up> Mrpupau; fyhrhiyfs;> Mrpupau; kj;jpa epiyaq;fs;
rhu;e;jjhf mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Mrpupa khztu;fis Njrpa fy;tpf;
fy;Y}upfSf;Fr; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk;NghJ $Ljyhfg; gw;whf;FiwAs;s
Mrpupau;fs; tpNrlkhfj; Njitg;gLk; ghlq;fSf;fhff; $LjyhNdhiu
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLk;. mj;Jld; fhzg;gLk;
ghlnewpfspd; cs;slf;fj;ijr; rkfhy NjitfSf;Nfw;wthW kWrPuikj;Jg;
gz;Grhu; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mq;fpynkhop Mrpupau;
ntw;wplq;fSf;fhfj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Gjpa 554 Mrpupau;fSf;fhf Kd;Nrit
Mrpupau; gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;> KiwikapYs;s gapw;wg;glhj
Mrpupau;fSf;Fg; gapw;rpaspj;jy;> Mrpupau; kj;jpa epiyaq;fisf; Nfe;jpukhff;
nfhz;l Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;j 2010Mk; Mz;ilg;
Nghd;W 2011Mk; Mz;bYk; cupa eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
3.2.3 Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp3.2.3 Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp3.2.3 Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp3.2.3 Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp3.2.3 Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp
fl;lhaf;fy;tp tanjy;iyahd 5 - 14 tiuapyhd ghlrhiy nry;yhj
khztu;fis ,dq;fz;L mtu;fisg; ghlrhiyfSf;F kw;Wk; vOj;jwpT
tFg;GfSf;Fr; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpa
rpwhu;fs;> ,isQu;> Atjpfs;> KjpNahu;> rpiwr;rhiyf; ifjpfs;> Ju;g;ghf;fpa
#oypy; thOk; rpwhu;fSf;fhf tpNrl fy;tp trjpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. vOj;jwpT>
nraw;ghl;L ,iz kw;Wk; r%ff;fw;if kj;jpa epiyaq;fs; njUr;rpwhu;fSf
;fhf mwpT> gz;Grhu;e;j r%ff; fw;if kj;jpa epiyaq;fs;> Kiwrhuh
fw;if kj;jpa epiyaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhfg; gy;NtW FOf;fis
,yf;fhff; nfhz;l tpNrl Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisj; njhlu;r;rpahf mKy;g;gLj;j
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
146
5 - 14 tanjy;iy rdj;njhifapy; ghlrhiy nry;yhj5 - 14 tanjy;iy rdj;njhifapy; ghlrhiy nry;yhj5 - 14 tanjy;iy rdj;njhifapy; ghlrhiy nry;yhj5 - 14 tanjy;iy rdj;njhifapy; ghlrhiy nry;yhj5 - 14 tanjy;iy rdj;njhifapy; ghlrhiy nry;yhj
rpwhu;fis ghlrhiyf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuhf;rpwhu;fis ghlrhiyf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuhf;rpwhu;fis ghlrhiyf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuhf;rpwhu;fis ghlrhiyf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuhf;rpwhu;fis ghlrhiyf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuhf;
fy;tpg; gpupTf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gzpfs; 2006 - 2010fy;tpg; gpupTf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gzpfs; 2006 - 2010fy;tpg; gpupTf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gzpfs; 2006 - 2010fy;tpg; gpupTf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gzpfs; 2006 - 2010fy;tpg; gpupTf;F ,izj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; gzpfs; 2006 - 2010
fy;tpiar; rpWtu; cupikahff; fUjp fl;lhaf; fy;tp tanjy;iyiaf;
nfhz;l rfy rpwhu;fisAk; ghlrhiyf;F mDg;Gtjw;fhf fy;tp mikr;R
rfy khfhzg; nghWg;ghsu;fSld; ,ize;J vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpapd; gadhf
fle;j Mz;by; ghlrhiy nry;yhj 56>280 rpwhu;fSf;F ghlrhiy kw;Wk;
Kiwrhuhf; fy;tpg; gpuptpy; ,izj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. ,NjNtiy k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy
Nehf;fpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW ghlrhiy nry;yhj fl;lha tanjy;iyia
16 taJtiu cau;j;Jk; nfhs;if mbg;gilapyhd Nahridia
mKy;g;gLj;Jk; Njitahd jpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.s
3.2.4 tpNrl fy;tp3.2.4 tpNrl fy;tp3.2.4 tpNrl fy;tp3.2.4 tpNrl fy;tp3.2.4 tpNrl fy;tp
gy;NtWgl;l Njitfs; nfhz;l tpNrl fy;tpj; NjitAldhd khztu;fSf;F
mtu;fspd; ,aYikfis cau;e;jgl;rlk; Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhfj; Njitahd
trjpfis toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; rkpf;iQ nkhop fw;wy; kj;jpa epiyakhf
mq;fPfupf;fTk; fl;Gyk; Fd;wpa khztu;fSf;F gpNuy; Gj;jfq;fis toq;Fjy;>
fl;Gyd; nrtpg;Gyd; Fd;wpa khztu;fSf;F nrtpg;Gyd; cgfuzq;fs;
kw;Wk; %f;Ff; fz;zhbfis toq;Fjy;> tpNrl ghlrhiyg; gpupTfSf;fhf
cgfuzj; njhFjpfis toq;Fk; nraw;ghLfs; 2010Mk; Mz;by;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd gzpfshFk;. ,NjNtis 2011Mk; Mz;by;
mwpTrhu; Njitfs; nfhz;l rpwhu;fSf;fhf gy tpNrl jpl;lq;fis
mKy;g;gLj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sd.
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 - 2010
nkhj;jk;
8"968 12"796 14"027 15"064 5"425 56"280Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
vz;zpf;if
%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R
Mz;L
147
3.2.5 tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp 3.2.5 tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp 3.2.5 tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp 3.2.5 tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp 3.2.5 tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jp
30 Mz;Lfshf ,lk;ngw;w Nkhjy;fs; fhuzkhf jilg;gl;bUe;j tl
khfhzf; fy;tpia kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf [dhjpgjp nrayzp kw;Wk;
cupa Vida mikr;Rf;fs; cl;gl epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;J fy;tp mikr;R
gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jpaJ. tlkhfhzj;jpy; ,lk;;ngau;e;j
kw;Wk; kPs;f;Fb Naw;wg;gl;l rpwhu;fspd; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfisj; njhlu;e;Jk;
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhfj;
Njitahd #oiy fl ; b
naOg;Gk; Nehf;Fld; tpNrl gy
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;
gl;lJld; fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; ,jpy; kpf
Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl
KbAk;.
♦ 2010 [{iy khjkstpy; %lg;gl;bUe;j 233 ghlrhiyfs; kPsj;
jpwf;fg;gl;lJ.
♦ Gzu;tho;tspf;fg;gl;l 518 rpWtu; gilapdUf;Ff; fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gk;
toq;fg;gl;lJ.
♦ ghl,iz nraw;ghLfisj; jOtf;$bathW fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd guPl;irfSf;fhf
khztu;fs; jahu;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
♦ 885 ghlrhiyfspy; 193>157 khztu;fSf;fhf gfyNghrhf;FzT
toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
♦ moptile;j ghlrhiyfis kPs epu;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; Njitahd
cgfuzq;fis toq;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
148
♦ Jupj fw;wy; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;jy;. ^Acclerated Learning
Programme)
♦ ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;Fg; Gyikg;guprpy; toq;Fjy;.
♦ 20 ghlrhiyfis ,RW ghlrhiyfshf mgptpUj;jp nra;a
eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
♦ ghlrhiyf; fzpdp fw;wy; kj;jpa epiyaq;fSf;fhff; fzpdp kw;Wk;
cjpupg;ghfq;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mur ,ize;j epjpaj;jpw;F
Nkyjpfkhf cyf tq;fp> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> UNICEF, Save the Children,
Jaica Nghd;w epWtdq;fs; %yk; epjp mDruizfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
tlkhfhzf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sTs;s
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspilNa fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Ntiyjjpl;lq;fs; kpf
Kf;fpakhFk;.
♦ 487 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fzpdpg; gpupTfis epu;khzpj;jy;.
♦ 500 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf jsghlq;fis toq;Fjy;.
♦ tTdpah tyaj;jpy; Mrpupau; kj;jpa epiyaq;fis epu;khzpj;jy;.
♦ 2500 Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; 600 mjpgu;fSf;F fzpdpg; gapw;rpia
toq;Fjy;.
♦ 13000 Mrpupau;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp toq;Fjy;.
♦ 487 ghlrhiyfSf;F 100>000 &gh tPjk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp epjp
toq;fy;fis toq;Fjy;.
♦ 875 ghlrhiyfSf;F gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
♦ 198 ghlrhiyfSf;F ePu;trjpfs; kw;Wk; kyry$l trjpfis
toq;Fjy;.
149
3.2.6 Njhl;lg;gpuNjr ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp3.2.6 Njhl;lg;gpuNjr ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp3.2.6 Njhl;lg;gpuNjr ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp3.2.6 Njhl;lg;gpuNjr ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp3.2.6 Njhl;lg;gpuNjr ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp
Njhl;lg; gpuNjrg; ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak;
Nehf;Fld; tpQ;Qhdk;> fzpjk;> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhf Nkyjpff;
fw;gpj;jy; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Njhl;lg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf
gy;Nju;T kw;Wk; gy;tifj;ju fw;gpj;jy; njhlu;ghf fy;tp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;>
mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupa MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; Mrpupau;fis mwpTWj;jTk;> Nkyjpf
kjpg;gPl;Lr; nraw;ghLfis mKy;g;gLj;jTk; rpWtu; el;GwT Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
ghlrhiyfspy; mKy;g;gLj;jTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
3.2.7 K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp 3.2.7 K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp 3.2.7 K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp 3.2.7 K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp 3.2.7 K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp
ehnlq;Fk; mike;Js;s K];ypk; ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tpj; juj;ij
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 2010Mk; Mz;by; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfspy;
K];ypk; ghlrhiyfspy; Mrpupau; ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gtjw;fhfj; Njitahd
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;L mJ njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfis Mrpupau;
fy;tpj; jhgdj;jpw;F toq;Ftjw;Fk; kpf ePz;lfhykhf ,Ue;j nksytp
Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiwiaj; jPu;f;Fk; tifapy; epakdk; toq;fg;gl;lik
tpNrl mk;rkhFk;. 2011Mk; Mz;by; ,e;j nksytp Mrpupau;fisg;
gapw;Wtpg;gjw;Fk; Fiwe;j milTkl;lq;fs; nfhz;l ghlq;fSf;fhf Ra
fw;ifj; njhFjpfis toq;Fjy; cl;gl kPSl;ly; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. f\;lg;gpuNjrq;fspy; K];ypk; ghlrhiyfspd; mgptpUj;jp>
tlfpof;F K];ypk; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp Nghd;w Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;glNtz;bAs;sd.
3.2.8 ghlrhiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it3.2.8 ghlrhiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it3.2.8 ghlrhiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it3.2.8 ghlrhiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it3.2.8 ghlrhiy kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it
Nju;r;rp kw;Wk; juj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fy;tpg; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jpia
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; ghlrhiyfspy; cs;sf kjpg;gPl;Lr; nraw;ghLfisg;
gyg;gLj;j kw;Wk; ntsp Nkw;ghu;it nraw;ghLfis tpupTgLj;jTk;
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; cl;gl 4425
150
ghlrhiyfspy; cs;sf kjpg;gPL Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;L
ghlrhiyf;fy;tp gz;Grhu; jur;Rw;W jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;ghlrhiyfSf;Fj;
jkJ gz;Grhu; juj;ijj; njhlu;e;Jk; tpUj;jpnra;tjw;fhf ,J gad;kpf;fjhFk;.
ntsp kjpg;gPl;L nraw;ghLfis Cf;Ftpj;jy; kw;Wk; Kiwg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;Fld;
epuyikr;R> khfhz> tya mYtyf cj;jpNahf;fj;ju;fSf;fhfg; gapw;rp
mspf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,jd; %yk; gykhd
kjpg;gPl;Lf; Fohk; rfy kl;lq;fspYk; cUthf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
3.2.93.2.93.2.93.2.93.2.9 fy;tp Kiwikapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd;fy;tp Kiwikapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd;fy;tp Kiwikapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd;fy;tp Kiwikapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd;fy;tp Kiwikapd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd;
gq;fspg;Ggq;fspg;Ggq;fspg;Ggq;fspg;Ggq;fspg;G
jw;nghOJ ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ghlrhiyfs; 341 fhzg;gLtJld; mtw;wpd;
fy;tp Kfhikj;Jt kw;Wk; epUthfj;jpd; rpwe;j tpupthd mbg;gilapy;
Gjpa jpl;lkplYld; mKy;g;gLj;j eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fika
2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhf rfy 10 Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhfTk; fy;tp mikr;Rld;
rpwe;j njhlu;ghlrhiyg; NgZtjw;fhf Nkw;ghu;it cj;jpNahf;fj;ju; xUtu;
tPjk; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtu;fspd; gzpfshf miktJ mt;tt; Njrpa
ghlrhiyfs; cs;s Mrpupau;> khztu;> mjpgu;> fl;blq;fs; cl;gl kdpjts
kw;Wk; ngsjpf tsk; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidf;Fupa epiyikfs; njhlu;ghff;
fy;tp mikr;Rf;F mwptpj;jy; kw;Wk; fy;Y}upapd; tFg;giw fw;gpj;jy;
kw;Wk; ghlntsp nraw;ghLfisj; njhlu;e;Jk; tpupTgLj;jy;> ghlrhiyapy;
fy;tp> fy;tprhuhg; gzpahsu;fspd; Njitfs;> Nkyjpfk; mg;gzpahsu;fspd;
gpur;rpidfs; cl;gl mtw;iwj; jPu;f;Fk; cghaq;fisr; rku;g;gpj;jy; kw;Wk;
mjpgupd; epUthf rPu;NfLfs; cl;gl epUthf KiwNfLfs; fhuzkhf
Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;f;Fk; cghaq;fisr; rku;g;gpj;jy; Nghd;wdthFk;.
xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l Nkw;ghu;it nraw;ghLfs; khfhzg; nghWg;ghsu;fSld;
,ize;J mKy;g;gLj;jp Njrpa ghlrhiyfis ehl;bd; fy;tpapy; Kf;fpa
epiyaq;fshf khw;wpaikf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 2011Mk; Mz;by;
mKy;g;gLj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
151
3.3 fy;tp Nrit kw;Wk; jhgd nraw;ghLfs;3.3 fy;tp Nrit kw;Wk; jhgd nraw;ghLfs;3.3 fy;tp Nrit kw;Wk; jhgd nraw;ghLfs;3.3 fy;tp Nrit kw;Wk; jhgd nraw;ghLfs;3.3 fy;tp Nrit kw;Wk; jhgd nraw;ghLfs;
3.3.1 fy;tp epUthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jy;3.3.1 fy;tp epUthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jy;3.3.1 fy;tp epUthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jy;3.3.1 fy;tp epUthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jy;3.3.1 fy;tp epUthfk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jy;
,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit> ,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit> ,yq;if Mrpupau;
fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit kw;Wk; ,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit Mfpa Nritfis
gpukhzf; Fwpg;Gfis kWrPuikj;jy;> rk;gsk; kw;Wk; Copau; vz;zpf;iff;
FOit mq;fPfupg;gjw;fhfr; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
♦ ,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nrit
,yq;if fy;tp epUthf Nritapd; 1Mk; tFg;gpd; ntw;wplq;fSf;F mika
Neu;Kfg;guPl;ir elhj;jp gjtpAau;Tfs; toq;fg;gl;lJld; mtu;fs; cupa
gjtpfSf;F Kiwahf epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; cUthFk; Kjyhk;
tFg;gpd; ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gtjw;Fj; Njitahd eltbf;ifffs;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;iff; fy;tp epUthf Nritapd; 111Mk; tFg;gpy;
410 ntw;wplq;fis epug;Gtjw;fhf eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
♦ ,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit,yq;if mjpgu; Nrit
,yq;if mjpgu; Nritf;F 7 Mz;LfSf;fg; gpd;du; kPz;Lk; 2009Mk;
Mz;by; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ldu;. ,jpy; 1966 Ngu; 2-11
juj;jpw;Fk; 1718 Ngu; 3Mk; tFg;Gf;Fk; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ldu;. ,t;thW
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; mt;tt; khfhz mur Nritapy;
kw;Wk; Njrpa ghlrhiyfspy; fhzg;gLk; ntw;wplq;fSf;F mika
epiyg;gLj;Jk; gzpfs; 2010Mk; Mz;by; ngg ;utup khjj;j py ;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t;Tj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd; gpujp
mjpgu;fs; kw;Wk; cjtp mjpgu;fshf epakpf;fg;gl;lJld; khfhz mur
Nritf;F tpLtpf;fg;gl;l cj;jpNahf;fju;fs; khfhz ghlrhiy mjpgu;fs;
152
kw;Wk; gpujp mjpgu;fshf epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,yq;if mjpgu; Nritapd;
gjtp cau;T nraw;ghLfs; fpukkhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
♦ ,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nrit
,yq;if Mrpupa fy;tpapayhsu; Nritapy; 235 ntw;wplq;fs; 2010Mk;
Mz;by; epug;Gtjw;Fk; Mrpupau; fy;tpapayhsu; Nritapd; 1 kw;Wk; 2-1
juj;jpw;Fg; gjtpAau;j;jTk; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by;
3Mk; tFg;gpy; 208 ntw;wplq;fSf;fhf Gjpa tpupTiuahsu;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;
glTs;sdu;.
♦ ,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit
,yq;if Mrpupau; Nritapd; rk;gs Kwd;ghLfisj; jPu;j;J gjtpAau;tpid
cupathW toq;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. tUlhe;j ,lkhw;wk;
njhlu;ghfj; Jupjfjpapy; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; Njrpa ghlrhiy
Kiwikapy; Mrpupau; rkepiyfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; 8 tUlq;fSf;F Nkw;gl;l
fhyk; xNu ghlrhiyapy; Nritahw;wpAs;s Mrpupau;fis mtu;fspd; kw;Wk;
ghlrhiy Kiwikapd; nraw;w pwidg; gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf ;f py ;
NtWghlrhifSf;F ,lkhw;wTk; vjpu;tUk; Mz;by; eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2010Mk; Mz;by; Mrpupau; epakdk;
3238 toq;fg;gl;lJld; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Kiwikapy; Njitfspd;
mbg;gilapy; Gjpa Mrpupau;fs; 8874 Ngu; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;glTs;sdu;.
153
3.3.2. kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp3.3.2. kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp3.3.2. kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp3.3.2. kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp3.3.2. kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp
mwpitf; Nfe;jpukhff; nfhz;l ghlrhiy Kiwikapd; Kd;Ndhbfshd
fy;tpj;Jiwapd; gy;NtWgl;l jug;gpdUf;fhf cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg;
gapw;rpfis toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; 2010Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;if fy;tp epUthf
Nritapd; 3Mk; tFg;gpy; 184 cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJld;
NkYk; 250 Ngu;fSf;F gapw;rp mspf;fTk; eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if epUthf Nritapd; cj;jpNahf;fju;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp
mspf;fTk; mikr;rpd; gzpahsu;fSf;fhf jkpo; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy nkhop
gapw;rp> fzpdp gapw;rpfis toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk; mKy;g;gLj;jg;
glTs;sd.
3.43.43.43.43.4 fy;tp Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk;fy;tp Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk;fy;tp Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk;fy;tp Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk;fy;tp Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk;
khztu; eyd;Gup Ntiyj;khztu; eyd;Gup Ntiyj;khztu; eyd;Gup Ntiyj;khztu; eyd;Gup Ntiyj;khztu; eyd;Gup Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fs;jpl;lq;fs;jpl;lq;fs;jpl;lq;fs;jpl;lq;fs;
3.4.1 ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; rPUilfis toq;Fjy;.3.4.1 ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; rPUilfis toq;Fjy;.3.4.1 ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; rPUilfis toq;Fjy;.3.4.1 ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; rPUilfis toq;Fjy;.3.4.1 ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; rPUilfis toq;Fjy;.
2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhf ehnlq;fpYk; cs;s 9662 ghlrhiyfspd; 3>890>591
khztu;fSf;F rPUilfSk; gpupntdhf;fspd; gpf;F khztu;fSf;F 35>451
fhtpj;JzpfSk; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld. ,jw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;j
nrytpdk; 1260 kpy;ypad; &ghthFk;.
3.4.23.4.23.4.23.4.23.4.2 ghlrhiy ghlE}y; tpepNahfk; ghlrhiy ghlE}y; tpepNahfk; ghlrhiy ghlE}y; tpepNahfk; ghlrhiy ghlE}y; tpepNahfk; ghlrhiy ghlE}y; tpepNahfk;
ehl;bd; ghlrhiyfs;> gpupntdhf;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpf; fy;Y}upfSf;fhf 433
ghlE}y; tiffSf;fhf 2539 kpy;ypad; gpujpfs; 2010Mk; Mz;by;
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
154
3.4.3 ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhfg; Gyikg;guprpy; toq;Fjy;3.4.3 ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhfg; Gyikg;guprpy; toq;Fjy;3.4.3 ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhfg; Gyikg;guprpy; toq;Fjy;3.4.3 ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhfg; Gyikg;guprpy; toq;Fjy;3.4.3 ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fhfg; Gyikg;guprpy; toq;Fjy;
5Mk; juj;jpy; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;ir rpj;jpaile;j 15000 khztu;fSf;F
rfy Mz;Lfs pYk ; Gyikg ; g u p r py ; fs ; toq ;fg ; gLf pd ; wd .
Gyikg;guprpy;jhuu;fSf;F Gyikg;guprpy; epjp fpilf;fhik njhlu;gpy;
vOe;Js;s gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Njitahd
xJf;fPLfs; nghJj; jpiwNrup %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) fw;Fk; 5Mk; Mz;bd; Gyikg;guprpy;jhuu;fsJ khjhe;j
Gyikg;guprpy; epjp &gh. 500 njhlf;fk; &gh. 1200 tiu mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ.
2010Mk; Mz;by; 10 - 13 juq;fspy; fy;tp fw;Fk; jpwikkpf;f kw;Wk;
nghUshjhu u Pj papy ; gpd ;dilthd khztu;fSf;fhd rpRjpu pa
Gyikg;guprpy;fs; 6160 toq;fg;gl;lJ. fy;tpapd; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtr
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,g;Gyikg;guprpy;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
3.4.43.4.43.4.43.4.43.4.4 ghlrhiy gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu tpUj;jpghlrhiy gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu tpUj;jpghlrhiy gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu tpUj;jpghlrhiy gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu tpUj;jpghlrhiy gfYzT Ntiyj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu tpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
k`pe;j rpe;jid Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 6276 ghlrhiyfspy; 74>012
khztu;fSf;fhfTk; fy;tpf;fhd czT Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 1357
ghlrhiyfSf;F 3>15>442 khztu;fSf;fhf gfy; Nghrhf;F toq;Fk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ghlrhiy Rfhjhu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk;
HIV/AIDS jLg;G Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;Jjy;> Muk;gg; gpuptpd; Rfhjhu
mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; cl;gl gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; 2011Mk; Mz;by;
mKy;g;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
155
3.4.5 ghlrhiy fl;bl epu;khzpg;G3.4.5 ghlrhiy fl;bl epu;khzpg;G3.4.5 ghlrhiy fl;bl epu;khzpg;G3.4.5 ghlrhiy fl;bl epu;khzpg;G3.4.5 ghlrhiy fl;bl epu;khzpg;G
Njrpa msTNfhYf;fika Njitahd xg;gsTfisj; jPu;khdpj;J Kd;dzp
mbg;gilapy; ,ize;j epjpaj;jpd; fPo; 793 kpy;ypad; &gh cyf tq;fp
cjtpapd; fPo; 135 kpy;ypad; KjyPL 2010Mk; Mz;by; fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
epu;khzg; gzpfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
♦ g+u;j;jpnra;ag;glhjpUe;j 304 ifj;njhopy;fspd; gzpfisg; g+u;j;jp
nra;jy;.
♦ tTdpah jfty; njhopy;El;g kj;jpa epiyaj;jpd; fl;blk;> E}yfk;>
fzpdpg;gpupT> tjptpl epu;khzpg;G.
♦ 35 Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}upfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; g+u;j;jpnra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntiyj;011Mk; Mz;by; g+u;j;jpnra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntiyj;011Mk; Mz;by; g+u;j;jpnra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntiyj;011Mk; Mz;by; g+u;j;jpnra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntiyj;011Mk; Mz;by; g+u;j;jpnra;a cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fsjpl;lq;fsjpl;lq;fsjpl;lq;fsjpl;lq;fs;; ;; ;
♦ epjp neUf;fbfs; fhuzkhf ,ileLtpy; iftplg;gl;bUe;j Njrpa
ghlrhiyfs; 204 ,d; epu;khzg; gzpfspy; 103 ,d; epu;khzg;
gzpfs; Muk;gpj;jy;.
♦ Njrpa ghlrhiyfspd; Rj;jpfupg;G trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;
♦ N`hkhfk gpbgd gpuNjrj;jpy; Gjpjhf epu;khzpf;fg;glTs;s Njrpa
ghlrhiyfspd; epu;khzg; gzpfis Muk;gpj;jy;.
♦ ,RW ghlrhiyfspy; 9 ,Ukhb cj;jpNahfg+u;t ,y;yq;fspd;
epu;khzg; gzpfs; G+u;j;jpnra;jy;.
♦ ghlE}y; fsQ;rparhiyf; fl;blj;njhFjpapd; 1 kw;Wk; 11Mk; fl;lk;
g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
156
Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhff; fzpdp kw;Wk; Vida cjpupg; ghfq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 27'0
ghlrhiyfSf;fhf tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; ,urhad$l cgfuzq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;jy;. 10'0
Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhf mofpaw;fy;tp cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT
nra;jy;. 27'0
Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; Gjpa khjpup Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj;
jsghlq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;. 13'0
Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp cgfuzq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 8'0
Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; jsghlq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 37'0
Njrpa ghlrhiyfSf;fhf mYtyf cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 2'5
gpupntdhf;fSf;fhf jsghlq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;. 4'8
gpupntdhf;fSf;fhf E}yfg; Gj;jfq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 4'5
ghlrhiy E}yfq;fSf;fhfj; jsghlq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;. 3'7
Gjpa khjpup Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf mofpaw; fy;tp cgfuzq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 2'5
Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhff; fzpdp cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 4'5
Njrpa ghlrhiy mofpaw; ghlrhiyfSf;F DVD cgfuzq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;jy;. 3'4
ghlrhiy E}yq;fSf;fhf fzpdp kw;Wk; mJrhu;e;j cgfuzq;fis
toq;Fjy;. 2'0
ghlrhiy E}yfq;fSf;fhfj; jsghlk; toq;Fjy;. 1'0
ghlrhiyfSf;fhf tpQ;Qhd> ,urhad cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;. 50'0
ghlrhiy Rfhjhu kw;Wk; Nghrhf;Fg; ghlj;jpw;Fupa Gj;jfq;fis mr;rpLjy;. 1'2
ghlrhiyf; fl;blg; gpupTf;fhf Van nfhs;tdT nra;jy;. 7'05
Mq;fpy cgfuz kj;jpa epiyaj;jpw;fhf cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT
nra;jy; 6'0
tlkhfhz fzpdpg; gapw;rp kj;jpa epiyaj;jpw;fhd cgfuzq;fis
tpepNahfpj;jy;. 3'0
jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; gpupTf;fhf Njitahd nghUl;fis toq;Fjy;. 4'0
jfty; njhopy;El;gg; gpupTf;fhff; fzpdp cgfuzq;fis nfhs;tdT
nra;jy;. 2'6
jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; gpupTf;fhf Van xd;W toq;fjy;. 4'2
Nritfs;Nritfs;Nritfs;Nritfs;Nritfs;/nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;ngWkjpngWkjpngWkjpngWkjpngWkjp
&. kp&. kp&. kp&. kp&. kp
3.4.63.4.63.4.63.4.63.4.6 ngWifg; gpuptpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l nghUl;fs;ngWifg; gpuptpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l nghUl;fs;ngWifg; gpuptpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l nghUl;fs;ngWifg; gpuptpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l nghUl;fs;ngWifg; gpuptpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l nghUl;fs;
kw;Wk; Nritfs;kw;Wk; Nritfs;kw;Wk; Nritfs;kw;Wk; Nritfs;kw;Wk; Nritfs;
157
ghlrhiy E}yfk; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuhf; fy;tpf;fhf Multimedia
,ae;jpuk; toq;Fjy;. 1'8
Kiwrhuh fy;tp kj;jpa epiyaj;jpw;fhf Njitahd
cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy; 2'0
ef;fhtj;j Njrpa ghlrhiy kw;Wk; fjpu;fhk Njrpa ghlrhiy
fSf;fhf fzpdp cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy; 5'1
ghlrhiy E}yfq;fSf;fhf Barcodes scanner ,ae;jpuk;>
Barchode mr;R ,ae;jpuk; cl;gl cupa nkd;nghUl;fis
tpepNahfpj;jy;. 2'55
Njrpa fy;tp ju topfhl;ly; Gj;jfk; mr;rply;. 3'5
fzpj ifNal;Lg; Gj;jfj;ij mr;rply;. 1'4
,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tpf;Fupa Gj;jfq;fis mr;rply; 4'0
jfty; njhopy;El;gg; gpuptpd; fzpdp Ma;T$lj;jpw;fhfj;
Njitahd cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;. 8'0
ghlrhiy E}yf 5 fl;blq;fis epu;khzpj;jy; eltbf;iff;fhf 40'0
%d;W fzpdp kj;jpa epiyaq;fis epu;khzpj;jy;. 27'0
fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fs fsQ;rparhiyf; fl;blj;
njhFjpapd; 1 fl;l epu;khzpg;G. 25'0
tlkhfhz fzpdp epiyaj;jpd; tjptpl epu;khzpg;G 37'0
ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fzpdp cgfuzq;fis tpepNahfpj;jy;. 88'0
Nritfs;Nritfs;Nritfs;Nritfs;Nritfs;/nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;nghUl;fs;ngWkjpngWkjpngWkjpngWkjpngWkjp
&. kp&. kp&. kp&. kp&. kp
158
3.53.53.53.53.5 fy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;jfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;jfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;jfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;jfy;tp mikr;Rld; ,ize;j
epWtfq;fs;epWtfq;fs;epWtfq;fs;epWtfq;fs;epWtfq;fs;
3.5.1 Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; 3.5.1 Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; 3.5.1 Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; 3.5.1 Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; 3.5.1 Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
mwpTrhu; r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhff; fw;NghUf;Fj; jkJ
,aYikfisg; Gupe;Jnfhz;L gyj;j toq;Fk; tifapy; ghl tpjhdq;fisj;
jahupj;jy;> njhopy;rhu; jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rpapy;
<LgLNthUf;F gz;Grhu; fy;tpia toq;Fjy;> gad; kw;Wk; nraw;wpwd;kpf;f
fy;tpf;fhf fy;tp Jiwrhu; nfhs;iffis tFj;jy;> ,yq;ifapd; Jupj
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd jilfs;> rthy;fis ntw;wpnfhs;sf;$ba kdpjtsj;ijg;
gyg;gLj;jy;> k p̀e;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW
,yq;ifia mwptpd; Nfe;jpuepiyakhf khw;wpaikf;f Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
ghupa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ.
fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l tplaq;fs; fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l tplaq;fs; fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l tplaq;fs; fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l tplaq;fs; fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Ggl;l tplaq;fs;
• 2010Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; mKYf;F tUk; tifapy; cau;ju ghl
tpjhdj;Jf;fhf 74 Mrpupa topfhl;ly; Nfhitfs; jahupf;fg;gl;lJld;
9000 cau;ju Mrpupau;fSf;fhfg; gapw;rp toq;fg;gl;lJ.
• rfyUf;Fk; Mq;fpy Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Mrpupa ifNaLfs; kw;Wk;
27000 ghlE}y; gpujpfs; jahupf;fg;gl;ld.
fy;tpapd; jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Mrpupa fy;tp fy;tpapd; jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Mrpupa fy;tp fy;tpapd; jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Mrpupa fy;tp fy;tpapd; jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Mrpupa fy;tp fy;tpapd; jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Mrpupa fy;tp
• ehnlq;Fk; mike;Js;s 42 kj;jpa epiyaq;fspy; gapw;wg;glhj
gl;ljhupay;yhj 7000 Mrpupau;fSf;fhf Mrpupau; gapw;rpg; ghlnewp
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; gapw;wpg;glhj 8050 gl;ljhup Mrpupau;fSf;fhf
fy;tp bg;Nshkh ghlnewp mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
159
• 36 fy;tp thndhyp epfo;r;rpfs; jahupf;fg;gl;L xypgug;gg;gl;lJ.
• r%f xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd ePbj;j epue;ju Mrpupa mgptpUj;jpf;fhf
tlfpof;F khfhzq;fspy; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisg;
gyg;gLj;Jjy;.
rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpia cWjp nra;jy; rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpia cWjp nra;jy; rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpia cWjp nra;jy; rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpia cWjp nra;jy; rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpia cWjp nra;jy;
• njhiyf;fy;tp kw;Wk; njhlu;e;j fw;wy; njhlu;ghf rhu;f; ehLfspd;
gpujpepjpfSld; fUj;juq;F elhj;Jjy;.
• njhiyf;fhl;rp 700 Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; nedr miytupira+lhf
xspgug;gg;gl;lJ.
• fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij ,oe;Js;s 795 Ngu;fSf;fhf jpwe;j ,il
epiyf;fy;tp njhlu;ghd ghlnewpiaj; njhlu re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp
♦ Gjpa ghltpjhd cs;slf;fj;jpd; ,ilepiy> epiyf;Ffe;jjhf ,izg;G
njhlu;ghd Muha;r;rp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
♦ ,yq;ifg; ghlrhiy rpwhu;fs; njhlu;gpy; Nkw;nfhz;l fw;ifapd;
%yk; njupate;Js;s KbTfspypUe;J ghlrhiy rpwhu;fs; kw;Wk;
Mrpupau;fSf;fhf rpwe;j topfhl;ly;fisAk; toq;Fjy;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;
♦ 7-11 juk; kw;Wk; 12 - 13 juq;fspy; MrpupaUf;fhd ,aYik tpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
160
♦ ,ilepiyf;fy;tpf;fhf cupa rfy fl;lhag; ghlq;fspy; Njitahd
Nju;;r;rpia ,dq;fhZjy;.
♦ Muk;gf;fy;tpapd; Kjy; fl;lj;jpw ;fhf fw;wy; Kfhk;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.
♦ vjpu;fhyf; fy;tp kWrPuikg;Gf;fhf Muk;gg; ghl cs;sPLfis
mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.
♦ Njrpa fy;tpf; fy;Y}up kw;Wk; Mrpupa fy;Y}upfspd; ghltpjhdq;fisr;
rkfhyg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; njhopy; mgptpUj;jp.
♦ jpwe;j ,ilepiyf;fy;tpf;fhff; fw;wy; cgfuzq;fisj; jahupj;jy;.
♦ tpNrl Njitfs; nfhz;l rpwhu;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; ngw;Nwhu;
kw;Wk; Jiwrhu; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;fhf cgrhu Nritfis
toq;Fjy;.
2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 405 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 405 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 405 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 405 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 405 kpy;ypad;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 587 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 587 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 587 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 587 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 587 kpy;ypad;.
3.5.2 3.5.2 3.5.2 3.5.2 3.5.2 ,yq;if guPl;ir jpizf;fsk; ,yq;if guPl;ir jpizf;fsk; ,yq;if guPl;ir jpizf;fsk; ,yq;if guPl;ir jpizf;fsk; ,yq;if guPl;ir jpizf;fsk;
Njrpa NjitfSf;F Vw;wthW ek;gfj;jd;ik kw;Wk; mq;fPfhuj;ijg;
ghJfhf;f$bathW jahupf;fg;gLk; kjpg;gPl;L cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk;
tpa+fq;fspD}lhff; fy;tp milTkl;lj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfis
cupathW Kd;ndLf;Fk; nghWg;G ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F
cs;sJ.
161
2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u ;j ;jpnra;ag;gl;l kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u ;j ;jpnra;ag;gl;l kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u ;j ;jpnra;ag;gl;l kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u ;j ;jpnra;ag;gl;l kw;Wk;2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u ;j ;jpnra;ag;gl;l kw;Wk;
g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfspd; RUf;fk;g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfspd; RUf;fk;g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfspd; RUf;fk;g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfspd; RUf;fk;g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfspd; RUf;fk;
♦ 2011Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; Gjpa ghltpjhdj;jpd; fPo; eilngWk;
f.ngh.j (cau;juk;) guPl;irf;fhf tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;G kw;Wk;
khjpup tpdhj;jhs;fisj; jahupj;jy;.
♦ f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;) 2009Mk; Mz;bw;Fupa kjpg;g Pl ;L
mwpf;iffisj; jahupj;jy;.
♦ 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg; guprpy;> f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk;
f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) guPl;ir> Vida rhd;wpjo;> gjtpAau;T> nraw;wpwd;>
jiljhz;ly; kw;wk; Ml;Nru;g;Gg; guPl;irfspd; tpdhj;jhs;fisj;
jahupj;jy;> guPl;irfis elhj;Jjy;> tpdhj;jhs;fis kjpg;gPl;Lf;F
cl;gLj;jy;> ngWNgWfis ntspaply;.
♦ Mtzf;fsQ;rpak; / f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) ,w;fhf Muk;gg; guPl;irfis
elhj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Gs;sptpguq;fis Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jy;.
♦ f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;) cjtpf; fUj;juq;FfSf;fhf tpdhj;jhs;
fisj; jahupj;jy;> ,Untl;Lf;fis khfhzq;fSf;F toq;Fjy;.
♦ Gjpa fzpdpj; njhFjpiaj; jhgpj;jy;.
♦ f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) fzpjg; ghlk; njhlu;gpy; Muha;r;rpfis
elhj;Jjy; kw;Wk; mwpf;iffisj; jahupj;jy;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s tpNrl gzpfs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s tpNrl gzpfs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s tpNrl gzpfs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s tpNrl gzpfs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s tpNrl gzpfs;
♦ f.ngh.j (cau;juk;) ,w;fhd guPl;ir topfhl;ly; Nfhitfisj;
jahupj;J ghlrhiyfSf;F tpepNahfpj;jy;.
162
♦ guPl;irg; ngWNgWfs; kw;Wk; tpdhj;jhs;fis Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jp
jfty;;fis tpdhj;jhs; jahupg;NghUf;F> fy;tpj;Jiw nfhs;if
tFg;ghsu;fs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfSf;F tpepNahfpj;jy;.
♦ f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j (cau;juk;) kw;Wk; 5Mk; juj;jpd;
Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irf;fhfj; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; fUj;juq;Ffis
elhj;Jjy;.
♦ f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)> f.ngh.j (cau;juk;) ,w;fhf kjpg;gPl;lwpf;if
fisj; jahupj;J ghlrhiyfSf;F tpepNahfpj;jy;.
2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1758 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1758 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1758 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1758 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1758 kpy;ypad;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1705 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1705 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1705 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1705 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 1705 kpy;ypad;.
3.5.3 fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; 3.5.3 fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; 3.5.3 fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; 3.5.3 fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; 3.5.3 fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;
murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,ytrg; ghlg;Gj;jfq;fis toq;Fk; Njrpa nfhs;ifia
mKy;g;gLj;jTk; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfSf;fhj; Njitahd Vida Gj;jfq;fs;>
nray;E}y;> nkhopngau;g;G E}y;fs;> mfuhjpfs;> Nkyjpf thrpg;Gg; Gj;jfq;fs;>
nrhy; cr;rupg;G E}y;fs;> fl;Gy nrtpg;Gy cgfuzq;fs; cl;gl Vida
cjtpg; gzpfis tFj;J tpepNahfpj;jy;> fy;tpapd; gz;Grhu; juj;ij tpUj;jp
nra;tjd; Clhf ehl;bw;Fg; gad;kpf;f mwpT> gz;Gnfhz;l gpui[fis
cUthf;fg; gq;fspg;G nra;tJ fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpfshFk;.
2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;
♦ ehl;bd; ghlrhiyfs;> gpupntdh kw;Wk; fy;tpf; fy;Y}upfSf;fhf
433 tif ghlE}y;fs; nfhz;l 25.39 gpujpfs; jahupf;fg;gl;ld.
♦ Mrpupau; topfhl;ly; Nfhit tif 393 ,d; fPo; 3.2 kpy;ypad;
gpujpfs; jahupf;fg;gl;ld.
163
♦ ghlE}y; mr;rplg;gLk; gz;Grhu; juj;ijg; guprPyid nra;tjw;fhf
Paper Quality Testing Mechine nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;lJ.
♦ N`hkhfk gpbg;gd gpuNjrj;jpy; epu;khzpf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s
fsQ;rparhiyf; fl;blj;njhFjpapd; KjyhtJ fl;blj;ij epu;khzpj;J
G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ.
♦ tlfpof;fpy; kPs;FbNaw;wq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gpuNjrq;fspy; ghlE}y;
Njitfisg; g+u;j;jpnra;jy; tpepNahf nraw;ghLfis rkfhyg;gLj;Jk;
Nehf;Fld; khfhzf;fy;tpg; nghWg;ghsu;fis mwpTWj;Jk; tifapy;
11 mku;Tfs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
♦ 13Mk; Mz;bw;fhf Mrpupau; topfhl;ly; Nfhit 96 tiffs;
Njitf;Nfw;wthW mr;rpl eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
♦ mwpTWj;jy; mku;Tfs;> Clf Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;> khztu;fSf;fhd
Nghl ;bfs;> ghlE}y;fis rpwe ;j Kiwapy ; gad;gLj ;Jk ;
khztu;fSf;fhf guprpy;fs; toq;Ftjd; %yk; ghlE}y; gad;ghL
njhlu;ghd rpe;jidfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;. ,jd; %yk; 2010Mk;
Mz;bd; ghlE}y;fis kPsg;gad;gLj;Jk; tpfpjhrhuj;ij 23 tPj
rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupf;f Kbe;jJ.
♦ jfty; njhopy;El;g fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfSf;fhfg;
gad;gLj;Jtjid Cf;Ftpj;jy; kw;Wk; khztu;fis Ra fw;iff;F
<LgLj;Jtjw;fhf ,Untl;L cjtpAld; ghlE}y;fisj; jahupj;jy;
kw;Wk; mtw;iwj; jpizf;fs ,izaj;jsj;jpy; cs;slf;Fjy;.
♦ 25 kpy;ypad; &gh nrytpy; fsQ;rparhiyf; fl;blj;njhFjpapy;
,uz;lhk; fl;l epu;khzpg;Gfis Muk;gpf;f jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJld;
tpepNahf nraw;ghLfis Kiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gpujhd mYtyfk;
kw;Wk; fsQ;rparhiyiaj; njhlu;GgLj;jf;$bathW fzpdp
tyaikg;Gj; jhgpf;fg;glTs;sJ.
164
♦ ghlE}y;fspd; gz;Grhu; juj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhfj; Njitahd
cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;aj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpfs;
♦ 6> 10 juq;fspy; gy;NtWgl;l gpur;rpidfs; nfhz;l ghlE}y;fis
kPs vOjp mr;rply;.
♦ ghlE}y;fSf;Fupajhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l ,Untl;Lf;fis ehl;bd; rfy
ghlrhiyfSf;Fk; toq;Fjy;.
♦ 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;ir> f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk;)>
f.ngh.j (cau;juk;) Mfpa guPl;irfSf;Fupa tpdhj;jhs;fs;>
tpilj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; khjpup tpdhj;jhs;fisj; jahupj;J epahakhd
tpiyf;F tpw;gid nra;jy;.
♦ ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; mjprpwe;j Gj;jfq;fis ntspapLk; cupikia
ngw;Wf;nfhz;L rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; jkpo;nkhop %yk; nkhopngau;j;jy;.
♦ fsQ;rparhiyf; fl;blj;njhFjpapd; vQ;rpagFjpiag; g+uzg;gLj;jy;.
♦ ghlrhiy khztu;fspd; Rfhjhuj;jpw;F cfe;j Gjpa itj;jpa
gupe;Jiuf;fika ghlrhiyg; ig (Bag) 2011Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk;
ghlrhiy Kiwikf;F mwpKfg;gLj;j eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
♦ ghlE}y; kPs; gad;ghl;bid 35% Mf mjpfupf;f eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 3936 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 3936 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 3936 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 3936 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 3936 kpy;ypad;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &.3340 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &.3340 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &.3340 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &.3340 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &.3340 kpy;ypad;.
165
3.5.43.5.43.5.43.5.43.5.4 Njrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rigNjrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rigNjrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rigNjrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rigNjrpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; Rtbf;$l rig
,yq;if E}yfk; kw;Wk; jfty; Jiwapd; gpujhd Njrpa epWtdj;ijg;
Nghd;W ehnlq;fpYk; tpuptile;Js;s etPd E}yfq;fs; kw;Wk; jfty;
Nrit tiyaikg;G kj;jpa epiyakhf nraw;gLtJ ,e;epWtdj;jpd; gpujhd
gzpahFk;.
2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;
gl;Ls;s gzpfs;:
Gj;jff;fz;fhl;rpfs; xOq;F nra;jy;> Njrpa E}yfj;jpd; tsk; kw;Wk; Nrit
njhlu;ghd mwpTWj;jy;> Njrpa E}yf tptuf;nfhj;ij ntspaply;> Rtbf;$lg;
ghJfhg;Gg; gzpfs;> ntspaPl;L cjtp nraw;wpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;>
,yf;fpa E}y;fis ntspaply;> E}yfg; nghWg;ghsu;fSf;F gapw;rpaspj;jy;>
Njrpa E}yf thuj;ij mKy;g;gLj;jy;> fpuhkpa E}yfq;fis mgptpUj;jp
nra;jy;> Rdhkp kw;Wk; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l E}yfq;fis mgptpUj;jp
nra;jy; Nghd;wd ,e;epWtdj;jpdhy; nra;ag;gLk; tpNrl gzpfshFk;.
2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 98 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 98 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 98 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 98 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 98 kpy;ypad;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 130 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 130 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 130 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 130 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 130 kpy;ypad;.
3.5.53.5.53.5.53.5.53.5.5 ,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rig
,yq;ifapy; ntspaplg;gLk; Gj;jfq;fis jug;gLj;Jjy;> E}yhrpupau;fis
nfsutpj;jy;> thrpg;G Mu;tj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;> E}yfg; gad;ghl;bid
mjpfupj;jy;> rpWtu; Gj;jf mgptpUj;jp> ngWkjpkpf;f E}y;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;
Nghd;w ,yq;if Njrpa E}yf mgptpUj;jp rigapd; gpujhd gzpfshFk;.
2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; G+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; G+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s
gzpfs;:
E}y; tpUJ toq;fy;> ngWkjpkpf;f E}y; kjpg;gPL> rpq;fs mupr;Rtl;ilj;
jahupj;jy; kw;Wk; vOj;jp cr;rupg;G E}y;fis mr;rply;> rpWtu; E}y;fisj;
166
jahupj;jy;> cld;gbf;iffs; ifr;rhj;jply;> epjp cjtpfs;> E}y; cjtp
nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gj;jfq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;> ghlrhiy
E}yfq;fSf;fhf E}y;fis toq;Fjy; Nghd;wd ,e;epWtdj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gpujhd gzpfshFk;. 2011Mk; Mz;by; ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
njhlu;e;Jk; Kd;ndLf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 16.8 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 16.8 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 16.8 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 16.8 kpy;ypad;.2010Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 16.8 kpy;ypad;.
2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 9.5 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 9.5 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 9.5 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 9.5 kpy;ypad;.2011Mk; Mz;by; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 9.5 kpy;ypad;.
3.5.63.5.63.5.63.5.63.5.6 ,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO,yq;if And];Nfh Njrpa Mizf;FO
,yq;ifapd; fy;tp> tpQ;Qhdk;> fyhr;rhuk;> njhlu;Grhjd Clf Mfpa
Jiwfspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf And];Nfh ru;tNjr lhfh gpuhe;jpa mikg;gpd;
xj;Jiog;Gld; gy;NtWgl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; ,e;epWtdj;jpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
fy;tpaikr;Rld; ,ize;J 2010Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhz;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
♦ rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd fy;tp kw;Wk; ePbj;j epue;ju mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf
ghlrhiy kw;Wk; r%fj;jpid mwpTWj;jy;.
♦ ghlrhiyfSf;fhf td;nghUs; kw;Wk; tiyaikg;G nrytpdk;
njhlu;ghfg; gapw;rpaspj;jy;.
♦ f\;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; ghlrhiy rpwhu;fSf;fpilapy; mofpay;
,aYikfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf ltu;N`hy; kd;wj;Jld; ,ize;J
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
♦ rpj ;j puk ; tiuAk; cgfuzq;fs; 300 rpwhu ;fSf;fpilapy;
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
♦ 100 fypypNah njhiyfhl ;bfs; ghlrhiyfSf;fpilapy ;
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;lJld; mjw;fhd gapw;rpfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld.
♦ gy;tif ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rpfSf;fhf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F
mDruizfis toq;Fjy;.
167
xJf;fPL &gh kpy;ypad;xJf;fPL &gh kpy;ypad;xJf;fPL &gh kpy;ypad;xJf;fPL &gh kpy;ypad;xJf;fPL &gh kpy;ypad;
fy;tprhu ;fy;tprhu ;fy;tprhu ;fy;tprhu ;fy;tprhu ;
mgptpUj ;j pmgptpUj ;j pmgptpUj ;j pmgptpUj ;j pmgptpUj ;j p
toq;fy;toq;fy;toq;fy;toq;fy;toq;fy;
(ESDG)
Nkyj pfNkyj pfNkyj pfNkyj pfNkyj pf
epjpahf;fk;epjpahf;fk;epjpahf;fk;epjpahf;fk;epjpahf;fk;
(AF) nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk; nkhj;jk;
epWtdk;epWtdk;epWtdk;epWtdk;epWtdk;/ khfhzk; khfhzk; khfhzk; khfhzk; khfhzk;
3.63.63.63.63.6 fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;Lfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;Lfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;Lfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;Lfy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L
cjtp KjyPLcjtp KjyPLcjtp KjyPLcjtp KjyPLcjtp KjyPL
,yq;ifapd; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ru;tNjr tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; gy;NtWgl;l
mgptpUj;jp epWtdq;fs; %yk; 2010 - 2011 fhy vy;iyf;Fs;
fy;tpaikr;rpD}lhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPL njhlu;ghf
,t;thrfj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
3.6.13.6.13.6.13.6.13.6.1 ml;ltiz fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPLml;ltiz fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPLml;ltiz fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPLml;ltiz fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPLml;ltiz fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L cjtp KjyPL
2010 - 20112010 - 20112010 - 20112010 - 20112010 - 2011
fy;tp mikr;R 261'00 65'00 326'00Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; 50'00 35'00 85'00,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; 120'00 120'00fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; 50'00 50'00Nky; khfhzk; 120'00 33'00 150'00kj;jpa khfhzk; 125'00 35'00 160'00njd; khfhzk; 125'00 35'00 160'00tl khfhzk; 245'00 40'00 285'00kj;jpa khfhzk;; khfhzk; 125'00 35'00 160'00tl kj;jpa khfhzk; 125'00 25'00 150'00Cth khfhzk; 125'00 35'00 160'00rgufKt khfhzk; 125'00 35'00 160'00epjp Mizf;FO rig 20'00 20'00Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO rig 5'00 5'00Njrpa tuT nryTj;jpl;lj; jpizf;fsk; 4'00 4'00
Njrpa jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsk; 5'00 5'00ntspehl;L tsj; jpizf;fsk;
fy;tpaw; Muha;r;rp epWtfk;>
Nguhnjdpa gy;fiyf;fofk; 2'00 2'00fy;tpg;gPlk;>
,yq;if jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofk; 2'00 2'00nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk; 1874'00 430'00 2304'00
%yk;: %yk;: %yk;: %yk;: %yk;: gy;tiff;fzf;F - fy;tp mikr;Rgy;tiff;fzf;F - fy;tp mikr;Rgy;tiff;fzf;F - fy;tp mikr;Rgy;tiff;fzf;F - fy;tp mikr;Rgy;tiff;fzf;F - fy;tp mikr;R
168
3.6.13.6.13.6.13.6.13.6.1 fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp gpuNtrf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk;
Nfhl;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf cyf tq;fpapd; cjtpNfhl;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf cyf tq;fpapd; cjtpNfhl;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf cyf tq;fpapd; cjtpNfhl;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf cyf tq;fpapd; cjtpNfhl;ghl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf cyf tq;fpapd; cjtp
fy;tp Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; 4 njhdpg;
nghUspd; fPo; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; mjw;fhf cyf tq;fpapdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l toq;fy;fs; fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lf; fhy vy;iy : 2006 ngg;utup 21 - 2011 [{d; 30
nkhj;j KjyPL : mnkupf;f nlhyu; 60.00 kpy;ypad; (toq;fy;)
mnkupf;f nlhyu; 10.00 kpy;ypad;
(epthuzf; fld;)
nrytPd tpfpjhrhuk; : 83/ (2010 MFk;nghOJ)
3.6.1 ml;ltiz3.6.1 ml;ltiz3.6.1 ml;ltiz3.6.1 ml;ltiz3.6.1 ml;ltiz ::::: 2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhff; fy;tpj;Jiwrhu;2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhff; fy;tpj;Jiwrhu;2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhff; fy;tpj;Jiwrhu;2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhff; fy;tpj;Jiwrhu;2010Mk; Mz;Lf;fhff; fy;tpj;Jiwrhu;
mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;
fj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gl;l cyf tq;fpapd;fj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gl;l cyf tq;fpapd;fj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gl;l cyf tq;fpapd;fj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gl;l cyf tq;fpapd;fj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gl;l cyf tq;fpapd;
cjtpfs;cjtpfs;cjtpfs;cjtpfs;cjtpfs;
njhdpg;nghUs; 1 : Muk;g ,ilepiyf; fy;tpf;fhd rk cupik
gpuNtrj;jpw; fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid tpupTgLj;jy;.
,ytrf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;,ytrf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;,ytrf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;,ytrf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;,ytrf; fy;tpf; nfhs;ifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;
,jd; fPo; 2010Mk; Mz;bd; murpdhy; rfy khztu;fSf;Fk; ,ytrkhfg;
ghlE}y;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf 2>200 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; ghlrhiy rPUilfis
toq;Ftjw;fhf 1260 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; Gyikg; guprpy; kw;Wk; khztu;
cjtpf;fhf 125 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; gfy; Nghrhf;FzT toq;Ftjw;fhf 2>
275 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; tpNrl fy;tpj; Njitfs; nfhz;l khztu;fSf;fhf
2.20 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
169
Kiwrhuh kw;Wk; tpNrl fy;tpKiwrhuh kw;Wk; tpNrl fy;tpKiwrhuh kw;Wk; tpNrl fy;tpKiwrhuh kw;Wk; tpNrl fy;tpKiwrhuh kw;Wk; tpNrl fy;tp
fl;lhaf; fy;tp rl;l xOq;Ffis mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; ghlrhiyfSf;Fr;
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk; FO> mKy;g;gLj;Jk; gyj;Jld; ghlrhiy nry;yhj
khztu;fSf;F tpupthd mbg;gilapy; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; my;yJ
Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;F my;yJ tpNrl fy;tp gpupTfSf;Fr;
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s Njitahd eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; Njrpa
kw;Wk; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; Kiwrhuhf; fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd
fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; Njitahd tsq;fs; toq;fg;gLtJld;
nfhs;ssT mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. tpNrlkhff;
fy;tpj; Njitfs; nfhz;l khztu;fSf;fhf tpNrl mgptpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfs; kw;Wk;
cau;fy;tpf; fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fjy; cau;fy;tpf; fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fjy; cau;fy;tpf; fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fjy; cau;fy;tpf; fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fjy; cau;fy;tpf; fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Fjy;
khfhz rig ghlrhiyfSf;fhf khfhz rigfspD}lhfTk; Njrpa
ghlrhiyfSf;fhf epuy; mikr;rpD}lhfTk; Njrpa Njitfs; kw;Wk; mtru
NjitfSf;fika Njitahd tsq;fis toq;Ftjw;F epuy; mikr;rpD}lhf
eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tpNrlkhfg; ghlrhiyfSf;Fj; Njitahd
mbg;gil trjpfs; (cjhuzk;: ePu; Rj;jpfupg;G trjpfs;> kpd;rhuk;> tFg;giwfs;
Nghd;wd) toq;Ftjw;fhf ,ize;j epjpak; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJld; cau;
kl;lj;jpyhd fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gk; ICT kj;jpa epiyak;> tpQ;Qhd
Ma;T$lk;> nkhop Ma;T$lk; Nghd;wd. kw;Wk; %yjd nrytpdkhf
(cjhuzk;: fzpdp> tpQ;Qhd Ma;T$l cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;wd.) toq;Fk;
NghJ fy;tpj; Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;fj;jpd;
fPo; epjprhu; KjyPLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
njhdpg;nghUs; 2 : Muk;g kw;Wk; ,ilepiy fy;tpg; gz;Grhu; juj;ij
Nkk;gLj;jy;.
170
³ Njrpa ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jpf;fhf cupa Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
mKy;g;gLj;Jjy;> trjpfis toq;Fjy;> nfhs;ssT mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk;
kdpjts mgptpUj;jpf;fhfj; Njitahd epjpAjtp fy;tp Jiwrhu;
mgptpUj;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; Nkyjpf epjpahf;fj;jpd; fPo; Neubahfj;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfj;jpw;F xJf;fPLfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
³ Njrpa ghl tpjhdj;ij mKy;g;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfs; gy;NtWgl;l
ghlj;Jiwapd; fPo; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
fw;wy; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;fw;wy; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;fw;wy; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;fw;wy; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;fw;wy; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;
³ fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jp toq;fypd; fPo; tif 2 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf
tpQ;Qhd cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;.
³ gpuNjr Mq;fpy cjtp kj;jpa epiyaq;fSf;fhf (ahf;fu tj;j> gpgpy>
kd;dhu;) Njitahd cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;.
³ gpuNjr thndhyp xypgug;gpD}lhf Mq;fpyf; fw;gpj;jy; Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
³ ,ul;ilnkhopf; fy;tp trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf nfhs;ssT
mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;. Njitahd trjpfis
toq;Fjy;> Mrpupa mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;>
Jupj fw;if Kfhk;fis elhj;Jjy; Nghd;w gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gLfpd;wd.
jfty; njhopy;El;g ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisjfty; njhopy;El;g ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisjfty; njhopy;El;g ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisjfty; njhopy;El;g ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisjfty; njhopy;El;g ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
mKy;g;gLj;jy; mKy;g;gLj;jy; mKy;g;gLj;jy; mKy;g;gLj;jy; mKy;g;gLj;jy;
³ Mrpupau; gapw;rp mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lk; (td;nghUs; njhlu;ghd
237 gapw;rpahsu;fs;) Interactive White Board nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 40
Mrpupau;fSf;F gapw;rpia toq;Fjy;. f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) ICT 700
Mrpupau;fSf;Fg; gapw;rpaspj;jy;.
171
³ One - Laptop Per Child (OLPC)Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij mKy;g;gLj;jy; (fzpdp
tpepNahfk;> kw;Wk; Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;> fzpdp
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis tFj;jy;.)
³ fy;Kid fhNky; ghj;jpkh fy;Y}up> ntypkl k.f> ef;fhtj;j k.f>
fjpu;fhkk; k.f Mfpa fy;Y}upfspy; fzpdp kj;jpa epiyaq;fisr;
jhgpj;jy;.
³ Nkyjpf epjpahf;fj;jpd; fPo; tlkhfhzj;jpw;fhf tTdpahtpd; khfhz
fzpdp kj;jpa epiyaj;ijj; jhgpj;jy;.
³ ghlrhiyfSf;Ff; fzpdp kw;Wk; fzpdp cjpupg;ghfq;fis toq;Fjy;.
ghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jpghlrhiy E}yf mgptpUj;jp
³ ghlrhiy khztu;fSf;fpilapy; thrpg;G Mu;tj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;
fhf E}yfg; Gj;jfq;fs;> Nkyjpf thrpg;Gg; Gj;jfq;fis toq;Fjy;.
³ Nkyjpf epjpahf;fj;jpd; fPo; Gj;jfg;igia toq;Ftjw;fhf rpwpa
ghlrhiyfSf;F ghlrhiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tsq;fis
toq;Fjy;.
³ Book Flood Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ghlrhiyfspdhy; E}yfg; Gj;jfq;fis
nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhf toq;fy;fis toq;Fjy;.
³ nkhul;Lit gpupd;]; xg; Nty;]; fy;Y}up> aho; kj;jpa fy;Y}up>
kl;lf;fsg;G mypfhu; K];ypk; kj;jpa fy;Y}up> fy;fKt A+.gP.
td;dpehaf;f kj;jpa fy;Y}up> gpgpy nty;y];] kj;jpa fy;Y}up Mfpa
fy;Y}upfspd; ghlrhiy E}yfk; epuyikr;rpd; xJf;fPl;bd; Clhf
epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
³ ghlrhiyfspy; juk; kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;
gLj;Jjy;.
172
³ KjyhtJ kw;Wk; ,uz;lhtJ nkhopg; ghlq;fSf;Fupa Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
³ rkhjhdf;fy;tp kw;Wk; r%f ey;ypzf;f Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
³ Mrpupau; gapw;rp mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; ghlrhiyia mbg;gil
ahff; nfhz;l Mrpupau; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
³ Njrpa fy;tpf;fy;Y}up> Mrpupau; fy;tpf; fy;Y}up kw;Wk; Mrpupau;
kj;jpa epiyaq;fSf;fhf fzpdpf; fw;if cgfuzq;fs;> fl;blg;
gOJghu;j;jYf;fhd xJf;fPLfis toq;Fjy;.
³ nfhOk;G> Nguhjid kw;Wk; jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; fy;tpg;
gPlq;fSf;fhf cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;> nfhs;ssT
mgptpUj;jp> kdpj mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rpg; gzpfSf;fhf
xJf;fPLfis toq;Fjy;.
kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; guPl;irg; gzpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; guPl;irg; gzpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; guPl;irg; gzpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; guPl;irg; gzpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; guPl;irg; gzpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;
- guPl;ir topfhl;ly;fisj; jahupj;jy;.
- tq;fpf;$wpid ];jhgpj;jy;.
- Gs;sptpguq;fisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf caupa nfhs;ssT
nfhz;l fzpdp trjpfis toq;Fjy;.
- nfhs;ssT mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpia mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
173
ghlE}y;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpd; gz;Grhu; juj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.ghlE}y;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpd; gz;Grhu; juj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.ghlE}y;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpd; gz;Grhu; juj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.ghlE}y;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpd; gz;Grhu; juj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.ghlE}y;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpd; gz;Grhu; juj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
- gpbg;gidapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l fsQ;rparhiyf; fl;blj;njhFjpapy;
mgptpUj;jp toq;fspd; fPo; 29.00 kpy;ypad; &gh ngWkjpahd
epu;khzg; gzpfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
- kdpjts mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; nfhs;sT mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;
jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
- ghlE}y;fspy; ghl cs;slf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
- ghlE}y;fis cupa Neuj;jpw;F khztu;fSf;F toq;Fjy;.
njhdpg;nghUs; 3 : fy;tp ts tpepNahf rkepahak; kw;Wk; nghUspay;
Ma;T nraw;wpwid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
nfhs;tpf; nfhs;if> jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tuTnryTnfhs;tpf; nfhs;if> jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tuTnryTnfhs;tpf; nfhs;if> jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tuTnryTnfhs;tpf; nfhs;if> jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tuTnryTnfhs;tpf; nfhs;if> jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tuTnryT
- kj;jpafhy kw;Wk; FWfpa fhy mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lkply;fis
jahupj;jy;.
- kj;jpafhy tuTnryTf; Nfhl;ghLfisj; jahupj;jy;.
- jpl;lkply; njhlu;ghf khfhz kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;fhf kdpjts mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; nfhs;ssT
mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis tFj;jy;.
- Kd;Ndhb Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fshf 100 ghlrhiyfSf;F toq;fy;fis
toq;Fjy;.
174
- vjpu;fhyf; fy;tp mgptpUj;jpj; NjitfSf;F Vw;wthW ghlrhiy
epjpahf;fq;fSf;Fupa Rw;wwpf;iffis kWrPuikj;jy;.
- ngWNgWfSf;fhf Nkw;ghu;itf; Nfhl;ghLfisj; jahupj;jy;>
Nkw;ghu;it kw;Wk; kPSl;ly; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fy;tpj;Jiwrhu; mgptpUj;jpf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;
fspd; ,uz;lhtJ kj;jpa fhy eltbf;iff;fhf Njitahdfspd; ,uz;lhtJ kj;jpa fhy eltbf;iff;fhf Njitahdfspd; ,uz;lhtJ kj;jpa fhy eltbf;iff;fhf Njitahdfspd; ,uz;lhtJ kj;jpa fhy eltbf;iff;fhf Njitahdfspd; ,uz;lhtJ kj;jpa fhy eltbf;iff;fhf Njitahd
mbg;gilg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ifg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;>mbg;gilg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ifg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;>mbg;gilg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ifg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;>mbg;gilg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ifg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;>mbg;gilg; gzpfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;ifg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;>
mjw;Fupa mur epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpj; jug;gpdu;fSld;mjw;Fupa mur epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpj; jug;gpdu;fSld;mjw;Fupa mur epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpj; jug;gpdu;fSld;mjw;Fupa mur epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpj; jug;gpdu;fSld;mjw;Fupa mur epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpj; jug;gpdu;fSld;
,izg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;,izg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;,izg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;,izg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;,izg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;
³ k`pe;j rpe;jidapd; vjpu;fhy Nehf;fpy; gupe;Jiu nra;ag;gl;Ls;s
1000 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd mbg;gilg;
gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
³ mur epjp kw;Wk; fw;ifapd; gz;Grhu; juk; njhlu;ghf njhlu;r;rpahd
Ma;Tj; njhFjpia jhgpg;gjw;fhd gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
³ 2010Mk; Mz;bw;fhff; fy;tp mikr;rpd;
- kPz;nlOk; nrytpdj; jiyg;G 3.00 caupa nraw;ghLfs;
kw;Wk; cs;sPLfSf;fhfTk;>
- %yjdr; nrytpdj; jiyg;G 4.00 caupa kl;lj;jpyhd
fw;iff;fhd re;ju;g;gk; kw;Wk; %yjd nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhf
- %yjdr;; nrytpdj; jiyg;G 5.00 guhkupg;Gf;fhf xJf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ.
175
Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; fw;iffs;Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; fw;iffs;Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; fw;iffs;Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; fw;iffs;Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; fw;iffs;
njhdpg;nghUs; 4: fy;tpapd; rpwe;j epu;thfk; kw;Wk; Nrit toq;fiy
gyg;gLj;jy;.
- ghlrhiyfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; fl;bnaOg;Gk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij
2010Mk; Mz;by; 18 tyaq;fspy; mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
- Vida rfy tyaq;fSf;Fk; ghlrhiyfis Nkk;gLj;Jk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpid mKy;g;gLj;jy;.
- kdpjts mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;Fjy;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;Fjy;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;Fjy;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;Fjy;cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis toq;Fjy;
³ fy;tp mikr;rpf;fhf thfdq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jy;.
³ khfhz fy;tp mikr;R / jpizf;fsq;fSf;fhf thfdq;fisf;
nfhs;tdT nra;jy;.
³ Njrpa kw;Wk; khfhz kl;lj;jpy; fy;tp epUtfq;fspy; mYtyf
trjpfis etPdkag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
³ fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsq;fSf;fhf thfdq;fisf; nfhs;tdT
nra;jy;.
176
3.6.23.6.23.6.23.6.23.6.2 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp cjtpapd; mbg;gilapy; mKy;g; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp cjtpapd; mbg;gilapy; mKy;g; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp cjtpapd; mbg;gilapy; mKy;g; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp cjtpapd; mbg;gilapy; mKy;g; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp cjtpapd; mbg;gilapy; mKy;g;
gLj;jg;gl;l ,ilepiyf;fy;tp etPdka nraw;wpl;lk; gLj;jg;gl;l ,ilepiyf;fy;tp etPdka nraw;wpl;lk; gLj;jg;gl;l ,ilepiyf;fy;tp etPdka nraw;wpl;lk; gLj;jg;gl;l ,ilepiyf;fy;tp etPdka nraw;wpl;lk; gLj;jg;gl;l ,ilepiyf;fy;tp etPdka nraw;wpl;lk;
nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;:nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;:nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;:nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;:nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;: njhopy;re;ij Njitf;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd
nraw;wpwd; kw;Wk; rkepiyik nfhz;l
fw;wYf;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;fp gq;Frhu;
juk;;nfhz;l cau; ,ilepiyf;fy;tpf;fhd
re;ju;g;gj;ij ghlrhiy rpwhu;fSf;F
toq;Fjy;.
epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;:epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;:epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;:epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;:epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;: nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPL 5250
kpy;ypad; MFk;. 2010.09.30Mk; jpfjpad;W
epjp KjyPl;bd; Kd;Ndw;wk; 5025 kpy;ypad;
&ghthFk;. ,jd; tpfpjhrhuk; 96 rjtPjkhFk;.
,r;nraw;wpl;lk; 2011.12.31Mk; jpfjpad;W
g+u;j;jpnra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ>
2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;j kw;Wk; g+u;j;jpnra;a
vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs;
• tl khfhzj;jpy; 487 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfisj; jOtf;$bathW
xU ghlrhiyf;F 100>00/- tPjk; tl khfhzj;jpd; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp
epjp xJf;fPLfis toq;f ,Ug;gJld; Vw;fdNt xU ghlrhiyf;F
100>000/ tPjk; 345 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf ,g;ghlrhiy
mgptpUj;jp epjp toq;fy;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. ,jd;NghJ ghlrhiyfspdhy;
jkJ mj;jpatrpa guhkupg;Gg; gzpfs;> ePu; kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; Rj;jpfupg;G
trjpfis nra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; tFf;fg;gl;l
jpl;lkplYf;fika ,e;epjp toq;fy; KjyPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
• 10 kw;Wk; 11 juq;fSf;Fupa ghl tpjhdj;jpd; gpujhd MW ghlq;fSf;
fhd cau;kl;lj;jpd; fy;tp nkd;nghUs; njhFjp tpNrl tsthsu;fspd;
177
gq;fspg;Gld; jahupj;J nfhs;tdT nra;J ghlrhiyfSf;F
tpepNahfpf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
• tlf;fpd; tre;jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 157 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf f.ngh.j.
(cau ;juk ; ) kw ;Wk ; f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz juk ; ) tpQ ;Qhd
Ma;T$lq;fSf;fhf tpQ;Qhd cgfuzq;fis toq;f eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• 56 ghlrhiyfspy; Jupj fjpapy; mj;jpatrpa mgptpUj;jpg; gzpfs;
g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.
• [dhjpgjp epjpak; kw;Wk; mjDld; ,ize;J NkYk; 20 < - fpuhkq;
fisj; jOtf;$bathW Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; xOq;Fnra;ag;gl;lJld;
mjw;fika 50 < - fpuhkq;fSf;fhf 45 kpy;ypad; &gh ngWkjpahd
njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
• 10 - 13 cau; juq;fspy; milT kl;lk; nghUshjhu f\;lq;fs;
nfhz;l khztu;fSf;fhf ,r;nraw;wpl;lj;jpD}lhf 55000 Gyikg;
guprpy;fis toq;ff;$bathW NkYk; 6160 rpR jpupa Gyikg;guprpy;
toq;fg;gl;ld.
• Mrpupau;fSf;fhf Computer Asisted Lerning/International Computer DrivingLicense (CAL/ICDL) 25000 njhopy;rhu; mgptpUj;jp re;ijfis ,yf;fhff;
nfhz;l Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij g+u;j;jpnra;a eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
3.6.33.6.33.6.33.6.33.6.3 mwpTrhu; r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd MrpamwpTrhu; r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd MrpamwpTrhu; r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd MrpamwpTrhu; r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd MrpamwpTrhu; r%fj;jpw;fhd fy;tp nraw;wpl;lj;jpw;fhd Mrpa
mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtpmgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtpmgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtpmgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtpmgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; cjtp
nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; nraw;wpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;
,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L njhopy; re;ijfSf;fhfg;
nghUj;jkhd jpwikfs; nfhz;l fw;w ,sk; guk;giuapdUf;fhfg; gz;Grhu;
juk;kpf;f rkcupikAld; cau;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij
cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
178
epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;epjp KjyPl;L tpguk;
nkhj;j nraw;wpl;l KjyPL &gh. kpy;ypad; 11267
2010.09.30Mk; jpfjpad;W nkhj;j nraw;wpl;l KjyPL &.kp. 2168.8
2011Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd kjpg;gPl;L epjp &.kp. 4250
2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l> g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l> g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l> g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l> g+u;j;jpnra;a2010Mk; Mz;by; ,Jtiuapy; g+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;l> g+u;j;jpnra;a
vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs; vjpu;ghu;j;Js;s gzpfs;
tif 2 ,d; NkYk; 1500 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fzpdpf; fw;if kj;jpa
epiya trjpfs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy tiyaikg;G (School Net) trjpfis
toq;Fjy;.
njhopw;gapw;rp ghlnewpiaj; njhlUk; 1250 khztu;fSf;F 10>000
&gh tPjk; ngWkjpnfhz;l Gyikg;guprpy;fis toq;Fjy;.
7600 Mrpupau;fSf;fhf Computer Asisted Lerning/International Computer Driving
License (CAL/ICDL) gapw;rp Gyikg;guprpy;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
mjw;Fupa Mrpupau; gapw;rpfSk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
fy;tp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; 2000 mjpgu;fSf;fhf e-Citizen gapw;rpg;
Gyikg;guprpy;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Vw;fdNt cupa gapw;rpg; gzpfs;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Nguhjid Mq;fpyf;fy;tp njhlu;ghd mjprpwe;j kj;jpa epiyaj;jpd;
%yk; Mq;fpyk; njhlu;ghd njhopy; mgptpUj;jpg; ghlnewpfis
Muk;gpj;J ghlrhiy Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tp cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd;
Mq;fpynkhop jpwikia Nkk;gLj;jj; Njitahd epjpAjtpfs;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mjd; %yk; 3 khj fhyg; gapw;rpg; ghlnewpfis
551 Ngu;fs; g+u;j;jp nra;jdu;.
179
khfhz kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; fy;tp nkd;nghUs; Mf;f Nghl;bj;
njhlu; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; 2010Mk; Mz;by; ,jw;fhfj;
Njhw;wpa Mrpupau;> khztu; vz;zpf;if 80>000 Ij; jhz;bAs;sJ.
Vw;fdNt khfhz kl;lj;jpy; ntw;wpaPl;batu;fis Nju;e;njLf;Fk;
gzpfs; g+u;j;jpnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; ntw;wpaPl;batu;fs;
ru;tNjr Nghl;bfSf;fhf mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
tlf;fpd; tre;jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; tl khfhzj;jpd; 125
,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; jsghlq;fs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
500 ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fzpdp cjpupg; ghfq;fs; kw;Wk;
jsghl cgfuzq;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
njhopw;gapw;rpg; ghlnewpfisj; njhlUk; NkYk; 9000 khztu;fSf;Fj;
Njitahd gapw;rp nkhbAs; kw;Wk; mjw;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gil
Njitfis nfhs;tdT nra;jy; kw;Wk; NkYk; 2046 khztu;fSf;fhf
gapw;rpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;f jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sd.
2010Mk; Mz;by; 12Mk; juj;jpy; nghUshjhuf; f\;lq;fs; nfhz;l
caupa fw;wy; jpwikfisf; fhz;gpf;Fk; NkYk; 7500 khztu;fSf;F
rpR jpupa Gyikg; guprpy; toq;f jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
NkYk; tif ,uz;bd; 30 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf 30 fzpdpg; gpupTfis
epu;khzpf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2010,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2010,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2010,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2010,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2010
ehl;bd; rfy khtl;lq;fisj; jOtf;$bathW tWik xopg;Gf;
Fwpfhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp tWikf;Nfhl;bd; fPo; thOk; gpuNjr
nrayfg; gpuptpypUe;J xU ghlrhiy tPjk; 104 ghlrhiyfis ,RW
ghlrhiyfshf mgptpUj;jp nra;aj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU
ghlrhiyf;F 35 kpy;ypad; &gh epjp KjyPL xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
180
mjd; %yk; Gjpa fl;blq;fis epu;khzpj;jy;> jw;nghOJs;s
fl;blq;fis gOJghu;j;jy;> cl;lfl;likg;G trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;>
mjprpwe;j ,ilepiyg; ghlrhiyfshff; f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) rfy
ghltpjhdq;fSk; nfhz;l ghlrhiyfshf khw;wpaikg;gJ vkJ
vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;.
2010 [dtup njhlf;fk; Mf];l; tiuahd fhy vy;iyf;Fs; 72
ghlrhiyfSf;Fupajhf 832 kpy;ypad; kjpg;gPLfs; jahupj;J
Kbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; mtw;wpy; 58 ghlrhiyfSf;Fupa 670 kpy;ypad;
ifj;njhopy;fSf;fhf xg;ge;jk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
10 ,RW ghlrhiyfspd; epu;khz mgptpUj;jpg; gzpfs; g+u;j;jp
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; mit jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;> Nguhjid Mq;fpyf; fy;tp njhlu;ghd mjprpwe;j
kj;jpa epiyak;> njhiyf;fw;if kj;jpa epiyak; kw;Wk; Vida
epGzj;Jt kl;lj;jpyhd gz;Grhu; tpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis
Kd;ndLj;J ,RW ghlrhiyfis gyg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.
181
2011 Mk; Mz;by; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011 Mk; Mz;by; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011 Mk; Mz;by; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011 Mk; Mz;by; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;2011 Mk; Mz;by; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s gpujhd gzpfs;
njhopw;gapw;rpg; ghlnewpfisj; njhlUk; 5000 khztu;fSf;F 10>000
ngWkjpahd Gyikg;guprpy;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
11Mk; juk; kw;Wk; 13Mk; juj;jpy; fw;Fk; jpwiktha;e;j kw;Wk;
nghUshjhuf; f\;lk; Mfpa mbg;gilapy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l NkYk;
7500 khztu;fSf;fhf 5000 ngWkjpahd Gyikg;guprpy;fs;
toq;fg;gl;ld.
tif 2 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf kw;Wk; ,RW ghlrhiyfSf;fh fzpdpfs;
kw;Wk; cjpupg;ghfq;fs;> jsghlq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fis
tpepNahfpf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghlrhiy rpwhu;fspd;
fzpdp mwptpid Nkk;gLj;jp tpUg;gkhd Kiwapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;
#oiy cUthf;Fjy;.
NkYk; 7000 Mrpupau;fSf;fhf International Pedagogical ICT Driving License
(IP PCT gapw;rp Gyikg;guprpy;fis toq;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJld;
,jd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtJ ICT fw;wy; cgfuzq;fs; %yk; fw;wy;
- fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;bid gad;kpf;f Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;tjhFk;.
Rfhjhuf;fy;tp kw;Wk; HIV/AIDs fy;tp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf
epjpAjtpfis toq;fp Rfhjhu tsk; kpf;f ,sk; guk;giuapdUf;fhf
caupa Rfhjhu trjpfis toq;f njhlu;e;Jk; gq;fspg;Gfs;
nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
tif 2 ,d; NkYk; 25 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf 52 fzpdpg; gpupTfis
epu;khzpf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sd.
182
,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2011,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2011,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2011,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2011,ilepiyg; ghlrhiy mgptpUj;jp (,RW ghlrhiy) - 2011
• 104 ,RW ghlrhiyfSf;Fupa rfy ifj;njhopy;fspdJk; vQ;rpa
kjpg;gPLfs; jahupj;J KbTWj;Jtjw;fhf 780 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; vQ;rpa
ifj;njhopy;fSf;F toq;f 1600 kpy;ypad; &ghTk; KjyPL nra;aj;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fika 1400 kpy;ypad; epjp Kd;Ndw;wk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtJld; NkYk; 35 ,RW ghlrhiyfspd; epu;khzg;
gzpfis 2011Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; g+u;j;jpnra;J mg;ghlrhiyfisAk;
Mrpupa khztu;fSf;fhff; ifaspf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
• ,RW ghlrhiyfSf;fhfj; Njitahd jsghl cgfuzq;fs;> cau;ju
tFg;GfSf;fhd tpQ;Qhd Ma;T$l cgfuzq;fs;> fzpdp Ma;T
$lq;fSf;fhff; fzpdp kw;Wk; cjpupg; ghfq;fs; cl;gl cgfuzq;fis
toq;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
• ,RW ghlrhiyfSf;fhf fy;tpg; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jpf;fhfg; ghlrhiy
kl;lj;jpy; jpl;lq;fis tFj;J mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 100>000 &gh
vd;w Fiwe;jgl;rj;jpd; fPo; mgptpUj;jp epjp toq;fy; mt;tt;
ghlrhiyfSf;F toq;fg;gLk;. ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; mKy;g;gLj;jp
ghlrhiy fy;tp mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis Cf;Ftpg;gJ mbg;gil
Nehf;fkhFk;. tpNrlkhf cupa ghlrhiyfspd; nraw;rhjid
kl;lj;jpw;fika me;epjp tsj;jpd; KjyPl;il ,ul;bg;ghf mjpfupj;Jf;
nfhs;s ghlrhiyfSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s re;ju;g;gk; ,JthFk;.
183
3.6.4 Adpnrg; cjtp ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;3.6.4 Adpnrg; cjtp ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;3.6.4 Adpnrg; cjtp ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;3.6.4 Adpnrg; cjtp ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;3.6.4 Adpnrg; cjtp ngWk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
Adpnrg; epWtdk; fy;tp mikr;rpd; gy;NtWgl;l fpisfspD}lhf
mKy;;g;gLj;jg;gLk; gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;F epjpAjtpfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.
,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis fPo;tUkhW RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.
• fz;zpntb mghak; njhlu;ghd fw;if:fz;zpntb mghak; njhlu;ghd fw;if:fz;zpntb mghak; njhlu;ghd fw;if:fz;zpntb mghak; njhlu;ghd fw;if:fz;zpntb mghak; njhlu;ghd fw;if: Aj;j #o;epiy fhzg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fspy; ghlrhiy rpwhu;fSf;F fz;zpntb mghak; njhlu;ghf
tpsf;fj;jpid toq;Ftjw;fhff; fw;wy; cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk;
ifNaLfs; tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
• mtru mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd fw;if:mtru mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd fw;if:mtru mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd fw;if:mtru mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd fw;if:mtru mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd fw;if: tl khfhzj;jpy; fw;if
nraw;ghLfisj; Jupjg;gLj;Jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; ^Acclerated LearningProgramme) mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;fhff; fw;wy; nghUl;fisj; jahupj;jy;
kw;Wk; Mrpupau; gapw;rpfs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mtru mdu;j;jq;fSf;
fhfj; jahu;gLj;Jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F
khfhzq;fspy; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. Rdhkpapdhy; mope;j 5
ghlrhiyfs; kPs epu;khzpf;fg;gl;ld.
• khfhz kw;Wk; tya kl;lj;jpy; cj;jpNahfj;ju; kj;jpapy; Nkw;ghu;it
fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhfg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk; jfty;fisg;
gad;gLj;JtJ njhlu ;ghd Gs;sptpgu nfhs;ssT tpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis elhj;Jtjw;fhf rfyUf;Fk; fy;tpf; fpisf;F
epjpAjtpfs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
• ~~kPs nghWg;Ngw;Fk; fy;tp|| kw;Wk; ~~ghlrhiyfspypUe;J tpyfpr;
nrd;w rpwhu;fs; njhlu;ghd fw;if|| Mfpa Ma;Tfspy; gupe;JiufSf;F
mika mbg;gil vOj;jwpTg; gapw;rp Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; vOj;jwpT
tFg;Gfspy; rpwhu;fSf;fhff; fw;wy; cgfuzq;fis toq;fTk;> Adpnrg;
cjtpfs; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Kiwrhuhf;fy;tpg; gzpfis gpuNjr
kl ;lj ;j py ; Nkw ;ghu ;it nra ;tjw ;fhf Kiwrhuh fy ;t p
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F 12 Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld.
• Muk;gf;fy;tpapy; rpWtu; el;GwT ghlrhiy rpe;jidiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
kw;Wk; tpupTgLj;Jk; gpujhd Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
1500 ghlrhiyfSf;fhf Adpnrg; cjtp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vjpu;fhyj;jpy;
nkhj;jg; ghlrhiy Kiwikf;fhfTk; ,t; cjtpia tpupTgLj;j
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
2010 Mk; Mz;bw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyPLfs; &gh. 35 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.
184
3.6.53.6.53.6.53.6.53.6.5 N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; (N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; (N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; (N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; (N[u;kd; njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; (GTZ)))))
cjtpAld; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhdcjtpAld; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhdcjtpAld; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhdcjtpAld; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhdcjtpAld; mKy;g;gLj;jg;gLk; r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd
Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;Ntiyj;jpl;lk;
♦ gy;ypd kw;Wk; gy;fyhrhu r%fj;jpd; rfyUf;Fk; rkhjhdj;Jld;
,ize;J tho;tjw;fhd fy;tpj; jpwikfs; kw;Wk; kNdhtpay; ghJfhg;G
cs;sPLfis rpwhu;fSf;F toq;FtJ ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil
Nehf;fkhFk;.
♦ r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd fw;if njhlu;ghd Njrpa nfhs;ifia
ghlrhiy ghl tpjhdj;jpd; %yk; mKy;g;gLj;j xj;Jiog;G toq;Fjy;.
♦ ,uz;lhtJ Njrpa nkhopahf rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; jkpo; nkhopiaf;
fw;gpg;gJ njhlu;ghd Mrpupau; gapw;rpia toq;Fjy;.
♦ ntspehl;L nkhopahf Mq;fpyj;ijf; fw;gpg;gJ njhlu;gpy; Mrpupau;
gapw;rp toq;Fjy;.
♦ ghlrhiy rpwhu;fSf;fpilNa mdu;j;j epiyikfSf;Fj; jahuhFjy;>
mdu;j;jq;fisj jtpu;j;jy; kw;Wk; mdu;j;jq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
njhlu;ghd fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;.
♦ Nkhjy;fs; epyTk; gpuNjrq;fs; kw;Wk; f\;lg; gpuNjr rpwhu;fSf;F
kPsg; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;tjw;fhd Njit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
tFf;fg;gl;l ghl,id ghlnewpf;F gq;Nfw;fr; nra;jy; kw;Wk;;
njhopy;rhu; jpwikfis toq;Fjy;.
♦ Nkhjy;fs; ,lk;ngw;w gpuNjrq;fspy; rpwhu;fs; kw;wk; mtu;fspd; FLk;g
cWg;gpdu;fspd; cly;> cs> Rfhjhu Nkk;ghl;bw;F Kd;Dupik
toq;Fjy;.
185
mj;jpahak; 4mj;jpahak; 4mj;jpahak; 4mj;jpahak; 4mj;jpahak; 4
fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk;fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk;fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk;fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk;fy;tpg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; kw;Wk;
jfty; rhu;e;j gFg;gha;Tjfty; rhu;e;j gFg;gha;Tjfty; rhu;e;j gFg;gha;Tjfty; rhu;e;j gFg;gha;Tjfty; rhu;e;j gFg;gha;T
4.14.14.14.14.1 mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;
nghJf;fy;tpapd; KO nraw;ghLfisAk; rpj;jupj;Jf; fhl;lf;$bathW
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Gs;sptpguq;fspD}lhfj; jfty;fs; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
gpujhdkhf fy;tp Kiwik njhlu;ghd mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fs;>
khztu; milTkl;lk; kw;Wk; fy;tpf;fhd Njrpa ts KjyPLfs; njhlu;ghd
jfty;fs; ,jd; %yk; tpNrlkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.
186
4.24.24.24.24.2 nghJf;fy;tp njhlu;ghdnghJf;fy;tp njhlu;ghdnghJf;fy;tp njhlu;ghdnghJf;fy;tp njhlu;ghdnghJf;fy;tp njhlu;ghd
mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj;mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj;mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj;mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj;mbg;gilg; Gs;sptpguj;
jfty;fs;jfty;fs;jfty;fs;jfty;fs;jfty;fs;
4.2.14.2.14.2.14.2.14.2.1 ,yq;if murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Gs;sp,yq;if murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Gs;sp,yq;if murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Gs;sp,yq;if murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Gs;sp,yq;if murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Gs;sp
tpguq;fs; 2005 - 2009tpguq;fs; 2005 - 2009tpguq;fs; 2005 - 2009tpguq;fs; 2005 - 2009tpguq;fs; 2005 - 2009
))Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G: fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk; Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lq;fspy; rfy mur
ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; kd;dhu; kw;Wk; tTdpah khtl;lq;fspy; xUrpy
mur ghlrhiyfs; 2009 [{d; 01Mk; jpfjp Gs;sptpguk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpdq;fspy; jw;fhypfkhf %lg;gl;bUe;jd.
Mz;L kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifMz;L kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifMz;L kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifMz;L kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifMz;L kw;Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L
Nkw;F 1356 1353 1351 1340 1340
kj;jpa 1466 1467 1464 1459 1460
njw;F 1097 1093 1096 1094 1098
tlf;F 888 892 890 877 597
fpof;F 972 971 948 969 985
tlNky; 1224 1221 1220 1218 1219
tlkj;jp 781 782 776 774 776
Cth 830 831 831 832 831
rgufKt 1109 1104 1102 1099 1104
nkhj;jk; 9723 9714 9678 9662 9410))
*jw;fhypf ntspaPL
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
khfhzq;fs; khfhzq;fs; khfhzq;fs; khfhzq;fs; khfhzq;fs;
187
Nkw;$wg;gl;l jftYf;fika ghlrhiy vz;zpf;ifapy; fpukkhd Fiwitf;
fhzKbtJld; ,tw;wpy; kpff;Fiwe;j khztu; vz;zpf;if nfhz;l
ghlrhiyfs; ,jw;fUfhikapy; mike;Js;s kw;WnkhU ghlrhiyAld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sij ,jd; %yk; fhz KbfpwJ.
4.2.24.2.24.2.24.2.24.2.2 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;if
Nkw;$wg;gl;l Gs;sptpguq;fSf;F mika jdpahu; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if
rpwpjstpy; tsu;r;rp fz;Ls;sijf; fhz KbfpwJ.
4.2.3 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.3 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.3 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.3 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.3 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;
vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
epWtdq;fs; 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L
jdpahu; 85 91 94 92 98
ghlrhiyfs;
gpupntdh 653 654 658 691 697
*jw;fhypf ntspaPL
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
khfhzq;fs; 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L
Nkw;F 38038 41410 42033 41349 40217
kj;jpa 27260 29760 32095 32035 30792
njw;F 26173 28408 29137 29565 29404
tlf;F 11360 13363 12195 12387 11263
fpof;F 15760 17530 17233 17565 19861
tlNky; 25105 26323 26808 26978 27417
tlkj;jp 11968 12570 12491 14138 14561
Cth 14839 15646 16453 17339 18492
rgufKt 18731 20819 21756 21856 21687
nkhj;jk; 189234 205829 210201 213212 213694)) *jw;fhypf ntaPL
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
188
))Fwpg;G (1):Fwpg;G (1):Fwpg;G (1):Fwpg;G (1):Fwpg;G (1): fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk; Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lq;fspy; rfy murghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; kd;dhu; kw;Wk; tTdpah khtl;lq;fspy;xU rpy mur ghlrhiyfs; 2009 [{d; 01Mk; jpfjp Gs;sptpguk;Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpdq;fspy; jw;fhypfkhf %lg;gl;bUe;jd.
Fwpg;G (2):Fwpg;G (2):Fwpg;G (2):Fwpg;G (2):Fwpg;G (2): 2009 Mk; Mz;by; ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ nkhj;j Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;F fy;tpf;fy;Y}upapd; Gjpa Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; Mq;fpynkhopMrpupau;fis Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l Gs;sptpguq;fs;cs;slf ;fg ;glhj pUe ;jJld; mt;ntz;zpf ;ifAk ;cs;slf;fg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; 2009Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;j Mrpupau;vz;zpf;if 21>66>14 MFk;.
4.2.1 tiuG - 4.2.1 tiuG - 4.2.1 tiuG - 4.2.1 tiuG - 4.2.1 tiuG - nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp 2005 - 2009nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp 2005 - 2009nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp 2005 - 2009nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp 2005 - 2009nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp 2005 - 2009
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
2005Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2009 ,y; nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifapd;
tsu;r;rp 27>380 MFk;. ,J 14% tsu;r;rpahFk;. Mrpupa toq;fy;fspy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT tsu;r;rp fhzg;gLtJld; Mrpupau;fspd; cau;e;jgl;r
gad;ghl;il Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L Mrpupau;fis epiyg;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd
gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gJ Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mz;L
Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if
189
4.2.4 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.4 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.4 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.4 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.4 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;
Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
Nkw;$wg;gl;l jfty;fSf;F mika mur ghlrhiyfisg; Nghd;W jdpahu;
ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gpupntdh Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; fpukkhd
tsu;r;rp Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
4.2.5 ml;ltiz - Gjpjhf Mrpupau;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;: 20104.2.5 ml;ltiz - Gjpjhf Mrpupau;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;: 20104.2.5 ml;ltiz - Gjpjhf Mrpupau;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;: 20104.2.5 ml;ltiz - Gjpjhf Mrpupau;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;: 20104.2.5 ml;ltiz - Gjpjhf Mrpupau;fs; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sy;: 2010
Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;if> 2011 Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTs;sNru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;if> 2011 Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTs;sNru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;if> 2011 Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTs;sNru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;if> 2011 Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTs;sNru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l vz;zpf;if> 2011 Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sTs;s
Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifMrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifMrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifMrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifMrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L
jdpahu; 5>000 5>266 5>414 5>454 5>701
ghlrhiyfs;
gpupntdh 5>481 5>528 5>593 5>744 5>943
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
2010Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;2010Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;2010Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;2010Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;2010Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg; 2011Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s 2011Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s 2011Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s 2011Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s 2011Mk; Mz;L Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s
;gl;l Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if;gl;l Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if;gl;l Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if;gl;l Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if;gl;l Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if Ts;s Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifTs;s Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifTs;s Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifTs;s Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;ifTs;s Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if
%yk; : fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : fy;tp mikr;R
Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;
tiftiftiftiftif
fy;tpf; fy;Y}up
Nghjdhtpay;
bg;Nshkh
gl;ljhup Mrpupau;fs;
nksytp Mrpupau;fs;
Mq;fpynkhop
Mrpupau;fs;
nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;
Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;l
vz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;if
2543
174
111
410
32383238323832383238
Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;
tiftiftiftiftif
fy;tpf; fy;Y}up
Nghjdhtpay;
bg;Nshkh
Nkw;fj;Nja rq;fPjk;
nksytp Mrpupau;fs;
rka Mrpupau;fs;
mofpaw; fy;tp
nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;nkhj;jk;
Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;lnfhs;sg;gl;l
vz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;if
3021
200
212
2267
3174
88748874887488748874
190
2010Mk; Mz;by; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Gjpa Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if
3235 MFk;. ,tu;;fs; Mrpupau; gw;whf;Fiwnfhz;l ghlq;fisj; jOtf;$ba
thW Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; 2011Mk; Mz;Lf;fhf Gjpjhf 8874
Mrpupau;fis Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s Vw;fdNt jpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
Ml;Nru;g ;G Kiwikapy; gw;whf;FiwahfTs;s ghlq;fSf;fika
nru;j;Jf;nfhs;s eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
4.2.6 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.6 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.6 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.6 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd;4.2.6 ml;ltiz - murhq;fg; ghlrhiyfspd; Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;Mrpupau;fspd;
vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
Kiwikapy; cs;s rfy Mrpupau;fisAk; gl;ljhupfshf khw;wpaikf;Fk;
fy;tpg; gz;Grhu; tpUj;jpia Nkk;gLj;Jk; Muk;g kw;Wk; mbg;gilj;
Njitahff; fUjp nraw;gLtJ mikr;rpd; Kiwahf ,Ug;gJld; jw;NghJ
gl;ljhup Mrpupau;fspd; vz;zpf;if 35% jhz;bAs;sJ.
Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L gl;ljhup Mrpupau; gl;ljhup Mrpupau; gl;ljhup Mrpupau; gl;ljhup Mrpupau; gl;ljhup Mrpupau; nkhj;j Mrpupau; nkhj;j Mrpupau; nkhj;j Mrpupau; nkhj;j Mrpupau; nkhj;j Mrpupau;
vz;zpf;if mgptpUj;jpvz;zpf;if mgptpUj;jpvz;zpf;if mgptpUj;jpvz;zpf;if mgptpUj;jpvz;zpf;if mgptpUj;jp vz;zpf;if tpUj;jp vz;zpf;if tpUj;jp vz;zpf;if tpUj;jp vz;zpf;if tpUj;jp vz;zpf;if tpUj;jp
tpfpjhrhukhf tpfpjhrhukhf tpfpjhrhukhf tpfpjhrhukhf tpfpjhrhukhf
2006 68705 33.57
2007 72374 34.59
2008 73549 34.67
2009 77223 35.75
%yk; : Gs;sptpgu Kfhikj;Jtf; fpis - fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : Gs;sptpgu Kfhikj;Jtf; fpis - fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : Gs;sptpgu Kfhikj;Jtf; fpis - fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : Gs;sptpgu Kfhikj;Jtf; fpis - fy;tp mikr;R%yk; : Gs;sptpgu Kfhikj;Jtf; fpis - fy;tp mikr;R
191
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
879"838 857"985 894"752 898"299 904263
519"564 504"392 519"123 517"680 519"778
512"834 494"554 508"293 506"471 505"558
266"448 264"926 267"856 261"499 177"252
377"129 372"523 379"072 378"317 382"995
468"747 456"325 468"778 469"084 471"063
255"833 248"610 253"132 252"482 252"771
287"448 277"330 282"232 280"261 279"832
374"236 360"903 368"947 366"358 366"664
3"942"077 3"837"548 3"942"185 3"930"451 3"860"1763"860"1763"860"1763"860"1763"860"176
*jw;fhypf ntaPL
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
4.2.2 tiuG - 4.2.2 tiuG - 4.2.2 tiuG - 4.2.2 tiuG - 4.2.2 tiuG - nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifapy; gl;ljhup Mrpupau;nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifapy; gl;ljhup Mrpupau;nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifapy; gl;ljhup Mrpupau;nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifapy; gl;ljhup Mrpupau;nkhj;j Mrpupau; vz;zpf;ifapy; gl;ljhup Mrpupau;
fspd; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp tpfpjhrhukhf fspd; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp tpfpjhrhukhf fspd; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp tpfpjhrhukhf fspd; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp tpfpjhrhukhf fspd; vz;zpf;if tsu;r;rp tpfpjhrhukhf
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
4.2.7 ml;ltiz - mur ghlrhiyfspd; khztu; vz;zpf;if4.2.7 ml;ltiz - mur ghlrhiyfspd; khztu; vz;zpf;if4.2.7 ml;ltiz - mur ghlrhiyfspd; khztu; vz;zpf;if4.2.7 ml;ltiz - mur ghlrhiyfspd; khztu; vz;zpf;if4.2.7 ml;ltiz - mur ghlrhiyfspd; khztu; vz;zpf;if
2005 - 20092005 - 20092005 - 20092005 - 20092005 - 2009
khfhzq;fs;
Nkw;F
kj;jpa
njw;F
tlf;F
fpof;F
tlNky;
tlkj;jp
Cth
rgufKt
nkhj;jk;
%
tUlk;
192
4.2.8 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.8 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.8 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.8 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;4.2.8 ml;ltiz - jdpahu; ghlrhiy kw;Wk; gpupntdhf;fspd;
khztu; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 khztu; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 khztu; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 khztu; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009 khztu; vz;zpf;if 2005 - 2009
mur ghlrhiyfSf;Fr; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk; khztu; vz;zpf;if
mz;zsthf fle;j 05 Mz;LfSf;Fs; 3.9 kpy;ypad; Mf ,Ue;jJld;
,jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT jsk;gy; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifapd; gpwg;G
tpfpjhrhuj;jpw;F mika ghlrhiy nry;y Ntz;ba taJ nfhz;l
rdj;njhif tpUj;jpapy; FiwT fhzg;gLfpd;wik ,jw;Fg; gpujhd
fhuzkhFk;. rkPgfhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT khztu; vz;zpf;ifapdu;
mur ghlrhiy tiyaikg;Gf;Fg; Gwk;ghf jdpahu; ghlrhiyfspy;
,ize;jikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f fhuzpfshFk;.
epWtdq;fs; 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L
jdpahu; 106>262 106>126 113>884 115>070 114>974
ghlrhiyfs;
gpupntdh 55>173 55>292 54>935 56>065 58>098
*jw;fhypf ntaPL
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - fy;tp mikr;R
193
khfhzq;fs;khfhzq;fs;khfhzq;fs;khfhzq;fs;khfhzq;fs; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if
100 127 220 164 215 348 98 68 1340
246 246 310 158 197 249 36 18 1460
129 175 231 138 159 188 47 31 1098
120 104 122 74 65 99 11 2 597
115 140 205 132 133 218 39 3 985
203 181 275 131 162 203 44 20 1219
176 123 143 90 106 110 19 9 776
158 119 189 97 96 141 26 5 831
263 169 217 131 124 164 18 18 1104
1510 1384 1912 115 1257 1720 338 174 9410
nkhj;j
ghlrhiyfspd;
vz;zpf;if 16% 15% 20% 12% 13% 18% 4% 2%tpfpjhrhukhf
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
1 - 50
1 - 50
1 - 50
1 - 50
1 - 50
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009
4.2.9 ml;ltiz - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiy4.2.9 ml;ltiz - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiy4.2.9 ml;ltiz - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiy4.2.9 ml;ltiz - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiy4.2.9 ml;ltiz - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiy
vz;zpf;iffspd; guk;gy; - 2009 vz;zpf;iffspd; guk;gy; - 2009 vz;zpf;iffspd; guk;gy; - 2009 vz;zpf;iffspd; guk;gy; - 2009 vz;zpf;iffspd; guk;gy; - 2009
Nkw;F
kj;jpa
njw;F
tlf;F
fpof;F
tlNky;
tlkj;jp
Cth
rgufKt
nkhj;jk;
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
51 - 100
51 - 100
51 - 100
51 - 100
51 - 100
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
101
- 200
101
- 200
101
- 200
101
- 200
101
- 200
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
201
- 300
201
- 300
201
- 300
201
- 300
201
- 300
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
301
- 500
301
- 500
301
- 500
301
- 500
301
- 500
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
501
- 1500
501
- 1500
501
- 1500
501
- 1500
501
- 1500
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
1501 - 2500
1501 - 2500
1501 - 2500
1501 - 2500
1501 - 2500
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
khz
tu; vz
;zpf;if
2501 kw;Wk; Nky;
2501 kw;Wk; Nky;
2501 kw;Wk; Nky;
2501 kw;Wk; Nky;
2501 kw;Wk; Nky;
nkhj;jk;
nkhj;jk;
nkhj;jk;
nkhj;jk;
nkhj;jk;
Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G: fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk; Ky;iyj;jPT khtl;lq;fspy; rfy murghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; kd;dhu; kw;Wk; tTdpah khtl;lq;fspy; xUrpy mur ghlrhiyfs; 2009 [{d; 01Mk; jpfjp Gs;sptpguk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l jpdq;fspy; jw;fhypfkhf %lg;gl;bUe;jd.
194
4.2.3 tiuG - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;fika ghlrhiy4.2.3 tiuG - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;fika ghlrhiy4.2.3 tiuG - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;fika ghlrhiy4.2.3 tiuG - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;fika ghlrhiy4.2.3 tiuG - khztu; vz;zpf;iff;fika ghlrhiy
vz;zpf;ifapd; guk;gy; vz;zpf;ifapd; guk;gy; vz;zpf;ifapd; guk;gy; vz;zpf;ifapd; guk;gy; vz;zpf;ifapd; guk;gy;
nkhj;j ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhukhf - 2009nkhj;j ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhukhf - 2009nkhj;j ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhukhf - 2009nkhj;j ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhukhf - 2009nkhj;j ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhukhf - 2009
%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009%yk;: tUlhe;j ghlrhiy Gs;sptpguk; - 2009
khztu; vz;zpf;iff;F mika ghlrhiyg; guk;giyf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk;
NghJ khztu; vz;zpf;if 50 I tplf; Fiwe;j ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if
2009 Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;j ghlrhiy vz;zpf;ifapy; 16% rjtPjkhFk;.
mj;Jld; 2500I tplf; $Ljyhd khztu; vz;zpf;if nfhz;l ghlrhiyfspd;
vz;zpf;if 25% MFk;. ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; cs;s ghlrhiyfspy;
khztu; vz;zpf;if 500 I tplf; Fiwe;j ghlrhiyfspd; tpfpjhrhuk;
75% jhz;bAs;sJ. ,k;Kd;Ndw;wk; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
tpupTgLj;jy; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;F mbg;gilia toq;fpAs;sJ. ,jw;fhf
Njitahd jiyaPlhf epuy; mikr;rpd; jiyaPl;Lld; ghlrhiy Kiwikia
tpupTgLj;Jk; gzpfs; Vw;fdNt khfhz kl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
mjpfupg;G
FiwT
195
4.34.34.34.34.3 khztu; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghdkhztu; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghdkhztu; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghdkhztu; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghdkhztu; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghd
mbg;gil Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fs;mbg;gil Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fs;mbg;gil Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fs;mbg;gil Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fs;mbg;gil Gs;sptpguj; jfty;fs;
4.3.1 ml;ltiz - 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 704.3.1 ml;ltiz - 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 704.3.1 ml;ltiz - 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 704.3.1 ml;ltiz - 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 704.3.1 ml;ltiz - 5Mk; juj;jpd; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 70
Gs;spfs; my;yJ mjid tplf;$Ljyhfg; ngw;w khztu;Gs;spfs; my;yJ mjid tplf;$Ljyhfg; ngw;w khztu;Gs;spfs; my;yJ mjid tplf;$Ljyhfg; ngw;w khztu;Gs;spfs; my;yJ mjid tplf;$Ljyhfg; ngw;w khztu;Gs;spfs; my;yJ mjid tplf;$Ljyhfg; ngw;w khztu;
tpfpjhrhuk; 2007 - 2009tpfpjhrhuk; 2007 - 2009tpfpjhrhuk; 2007 - 2009tpfpjhrhuk; 2007 - 2009tpfpjhrhuk; 2007 - 2009
(xU tpdhj;jhSf;fhff; Fiwe;jgl;rk; 35 Gs;spfs; tPjk;)
5Mk; jug; Gyikg;guprpy; guPl;irapy; 70 Gs;spfis tplf;$Ljyhfg; ngw;w
khztu; vz;zpf;if 2007 kw;Wk; 2009 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; 58% Mf ,Ue;jJ.
Muk;gf;fy;tpapy; caupa milTkl;lj;ij cWjpnra;Ak; tifapy; Gyikg;
guprpy; guPl;irg; ngWNgWfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
mKy;g;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 70 Gs;spfistplf; $Ljyhfg; ngw;w khztu;fSf;fhf
tpNrl jifikr; rhd;wpjo;fis toq;FtJ njhlu;gpy; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mz;L vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk;Mz;L vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk;Mz;L vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk;Mz;L vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk;Mz;L vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk;
2007 166>934 58.83
2008 108>545 39.45
2009 167>802 57.63
%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
196
4.3.24.3.24.3.24.3.24.3.2 ml;ltiz - f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.ml;ltiz - f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.ml;ltiz - f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.ml;ltiz - f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.ml;ltiz - f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j.
(cau; juk;) guPl;irapy; ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhupfspd; milT(cau; juk;) guPl;irapy; ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhupfspd; milT(cau; juk;) guPl;irapy; ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhupfspd; milT(cau; juk;) guPl;irapy; ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhupfspd; milT(cau; juk;) guPl;irapy; ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhupfspd; milT
kl;lk; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; 2005 - 2009
4.3.1 tiuG 4.3.1 tiuG 4.3.1 tiuG 4.3.1 tiuG 4.3.1 tiuG
f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) guPl;irapy;f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) guPl;irapy;f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) guPl;irapy;f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) guPl;irapy;f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) kw;Wk; f.ngh.j. (cau; juk;) guPl;irapy;
khztu; milT kl;lk; tpfpjhruk; 2005 - 2009khztu; milT kl;lk; tpfpjhruk; 2005 - 2009khztu; milT kl;lk; tpfpjhruk; 2005 - 2009khztu; milT kl;lk; tpfpjhruk; 2005 - 2009khztu; milT kl;lk; tpfpjhruk; 2005 - 2009
vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk;
2005 146>862 47.72 102>854 59.20
2006 144>348 48.70 103>557 52.40
2007 153>460 49.14 104>479 61.41
2008 175>399 55.65 112>866 62.89
2009 150>797 48.51 108>725 61.21
%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;)
guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;j
f.ngh.j. cau;juk;) fw;f
jifik ngw;w
gy;fiyf;fofg;
gpuNtrj;jpw;fhf
tpz;zg;gpf;f jifik
ngw;w vz;zpf;if
Mz;L
jifik ngw;w t
pfpjhrhuk;
%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
f.ngh.j. (rh.j.)
guPl;irapy;
Njhw;wp f.ngh.j.
(c.j.) tFg;gpw;F
jFjpAs;s
tu;fs;.
gy;fiyf;
fofj;jpw;U
tpz;zg;gpf;f
jFjp cilNahu
197
Nkw;$wg;gl;l Gs;sptpguq;fSf;F mika f.ngh.j. (rhjhuz jugk;)
guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;J f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) Ij; njhlu;tjw;fhf 50
rjtPj khztu;fs; jifik ngWfpd;wd. ,jidj; njhlu;e;Jk; tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhfg; gy jpl;lq;fs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. khjpup tpdhj;jhs;fs;>
fle;jfhyg; guPl;ir tpdhj;jhs;fs;> jtizg; guPl;irfis tpupTgLj;jy;>
guPl;iria ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l fUj;juq;Ffis elhj;JtJk; ,jd; gpujhd
gzpfshFk;.
f.ngh.j (cau;juk;) guPl;irg; NgWNgWfis Kiwahf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gL
fpd;wik Nkw;$wg;gl;l vz;zpf;if %yk; ,dq;fhzKbAk;. ,jdhy;
cau;juf; fy;tpf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis tpupTgLj;Jk; rthy; rkfhyj; Njitahf
khw;wk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
4.3.2 tiuG 4.3.2 tiuG 4.3.2 tiuG 4.3.2 tiuG 4.3.2 tiuG
f.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) guPl;irf;fhf gy ghlq;fs; njhlu;ghff.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) guPl;irf;fhf gy ghlq;fs; njhlu;ghff.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) guPl;irf;fhf gy ghlq;fs; njhlu;ghff.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) guPl;irf;fhf gy ghlq;fs; njhlu;ghff.ngh.j (rhjhuz juk;) guPl;irf;fhf gy ghlq;fs; njhlu;ghf
(Kjy; jlitapy; Njhw;wpa) ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhuu;fspd; milT(Kjy; jlitapy; Njhw;wpa) ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhuu;fspd; milT(Kjy; jlitapy; Njhw;wpa) ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhuu;fspd; milT(Kjy; jlitapy; Njhw;wpa) ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhuu;fspd; milT(Kjy; jlitapy; Njhw;wpa) ghlrhiy tpz;zg;gjhuu;fspd; milT
kl;lk; ; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; ; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; ; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; ; 2005 - 2009kl;lk; ; 2005 - 2009
%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;
rpj;jpngw;w tpfpjhrhuk;
Mz;L
fzpjk;
tpQ;Qhdk;
Mq;fpyk;
rpq;fs nkhopAk;
,yf;fpaKk;
jkpo;nkhopAk;
,yf;fpaKk;
198
f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) fw;gjw;Fj; jifikngw;w khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjdhy; fzpjk;> tpQ;Qhdk;> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa
ghlq;fspy; rpj;jpaile;j khztu; vz;zpf;if njhlu;e;Jk; mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ghlq;fSf;fika ngw;Ws;s ngWNgWfSf;fika nkhj;jkhf milTkl;lk;
mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fzpjg; ghlj;jpd; milTkl;lk; 2005Mk; Mz;L
njhlf;fk; 2009Mk; Mz;Ltiu njhluhf 44% njhlf;fk; 50% Mf
mjpfupj;Js;sik kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa tplak;. tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy ghlq;fspd;
milTkl;lk; njhlu;e;Jk; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. jha;nkhopahf
rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; jkpo;nkhopapd; milTkl;lk; caupa kl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
4.3.34.3.34.3.34.3.34.3.3 ml;ltiz - 4 Mk; juj;jpd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy;ml;ltiz - 4 Mk; juj;jpd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy;ml;ltiz - 4 Mk; juj;jpd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy;ml;ltiz - 4 Mk; juj;jpd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy;ml;ltiz - 4 Mk; juj;jpd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy;
milTkl;lmilTkl;lmilTkl;lmilTkl;lmilTkl;l xg;gPL xg;gPL xg;gPL xg;gPL xg;gPL
5050505050% Gs;spfistplf; $Ljyhfg; ngw;w Gs;spfistplf; $Ljyhfg; ngw;w Gs;spfistplf; $Ljyhfg; ngw;w Gs;spfistplf; $Ljyhfg; ngw;w Gs;spfistplf; $Ljyhfg; ngw;w
khztu;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk;khztu;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk;khztu;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk;khztu;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk;khztu;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk;
jha;nkhopjha;nkhopjha;nkhopjha;nkhopjha;nkhop fzpjk;fzpjk;fzpjk;fzpjk;fzpjk; Mq;fpyk;Mq;fpyk;Mq;fpyk;Mq;fpyk;Mq;fpyk;
2003 2007 2009 2003 2007 2009 2003 2007 2009
%yk;: Nkw;$wg;gl;l juj;jpy; fw;wy; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kjpg;gPL>%yk;: Nkw;$wg;gl;l juj;jpy; fw;wy; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kjpg;gPL>%yk;: Nkw;$wg;gl;l juj;jpy; fw;wy; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kjpg;gPL>%yk;: Nkw;$wg;gl;l juj;jpy; fw;wy; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kjpg;gPL>%yk;: Nkw;$wg;gl;l juj;jpy; fw;wy; milTkl;lk; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kjpg;gPL>
Njrpa fy;tp Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa fy;tp Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa fy;tp Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa fy;tp Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa fy;tp Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;
81.7 88.2 86.3 80.5 88.8 86.5 53.1 68.0 74.1
77.0 79.4 78.5 63.5 79.0 76.8 31.6 44.6 55.9
72.0 83.3 86.1 71.5 84.5 85.2 36.0 54.8 62.4
61.0 78.7 83.7 53.3 76.5 79.5 22.9 39.9 54.8
57.7 72.7 73.7 52.3 74.6 70.2 21.9 44.3 41.9
75.1 85.5 87.1 74.0 85.7 86.4 32.0 54.9 64.8
70.7 83.4 83.1 72.1 84.5 81.8 29.3 43.3 50.6
64.2 77.4 79.8 62.5 78.1 80.8 27.3 40.3 51.9
70.8 81.4 86.5 68.5 82.6 87.1 33.4 46.7 64.2
68.9 81.1 82.9 66.5 81.5 81.8 31.9 48.5 58.4
Nkw;F
kj;jpa
njw;F
tlf;F
fpof;F
tlNky;
tlkj;jp
Cth
rgufKt
nkhj;jk;
khfhzq;fs;
199
4.3.44.3.44.3.44.3.44.3.4 ml;ltiz - 8 kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fsJml;ltiz - 8 kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fsJml;ltiz - 8 kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fsJml;ltiz - 8 kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fsJml;ltiz - 8 kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fsJ
fw;wy; milT kl;lk; - 2005 kw;Wk; 2008 fw;wy; milT kl;lk; - 2005 kw;Wk; 2008 fw;wy; milT kl;lk; - 2005 kw;Wk; 2008 fw;wy; milT kl;lk; - 2005 kw;Wk; 2008 fw;wy; milT kl;lk; - 2005 kw;Wk; 2008
fw;wy; milTkl;lq;fs; nkhopf;F mika
8Mk; juk; 10Mk; juk;
Nkw;F
kj;jpa
njw;F
tlf;F
fpof;F
tlNky;
tlkj;jp
Cth
rgufKt
nkhj;jk;
jha;nkhop tpQ;Qhdk;
kw;Wk;
njhopy;El;gk;
fzpjk; jha;
nkhop
tpQ;Qhdk;
kw;Wk;
njhopy;El;gk;
fzpjk;
2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2005 2005
63'30 64'13 56'73 63'78 48'45 56'90 60'91 50'76 46'38
59'10 51'62 52'85 57'54 44'83 49'30 55'80 49'03 42'62
58'80 59'08 50'33 56'06 44'27 48'64 60'75 54'32 44'86
58'36 59'27 55'68 47'09 43'72 47'53 57'75 50'50 46'16
57'79 57'14 53'15 48'69 44'78 45'98 58'16 50'00 44'94
61'04 65'21 51'34 59'38 45'26 52'69 60'81 51'34 45'74
60'43 58'97 47'29 56'12 46'94 48'35 59'62 49'59 44'18
58'74 56'39 52'93 52'29 43'27 45'57 57'23 48'93 43'83
59'65 61'90 54'43 58'36 44'68 50'42 58'52 49'26 44'18
59'89 59'87 53'19 56'32 45'19 50'45 58'61 49'97 44'71
%yk;: 8Mk; kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; kl;lk; njhlu;ghd%yk;: 8Mk; kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; kl;lk; njhlu;ghd%yk;: 8Mk; kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; kl;lk; njhlu;ghd%yk;: 8Mk; kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; kl;lk; njhlu;ghd%yk;: 8Mk; kw;Wk; 10Mk; juq;fspd; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; kl;lk; njhlu;ghd
Njrpa kjpg;gPL> Njrpa fw;wy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa kjpg;gPL> Njrpa fw;wy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa kjpg;gPL> Njrpa fw;wy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa kjpg;gPL> Njrpa fw;wy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;Njrpa kjpg;gPL> Njrpa fw;wy; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;L kj;jpa epiyak;
4Mk; juj;jpy; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; milTkl;lj;Jld; xg;gPL nra;Ak;NghJ
jha;nkhop> fzpjk;> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa %d;W ghlq;fspd; milTkl;lk;
2003Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2009Mk; Mz;by; tsu;r;rpiaf;
fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,J vt;thwhapUg;gpDk; Mq;fpynkhopapd; milTkl;lk;
njhlu;e;Jk; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; khfhzq;fSf;fpilapyhd
NtWghLfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j eltbf;if vLg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.
khfhz
q;fs;
200
8Mk; juj;jpy; khztu;fsJ jha;nkhop> tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk;>
fzpjk; Mfpa ghlq;fspd; milTkl;lk; 2005Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;NghJ
2008Mk; Mz;by; tsu;r;rpfz;bUg;gijf; fhz KbtJld; nkhop uPjpapyhd
Gs;spfs; njhlu;e;Jk; mjpfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 10Mk; juj;jpYk;
,e;epiyikia ,NjthW fhz Kbfpd;wJ. khfhzq;fSf;F mika xg;gPL
nra;Ak;NghJ rpwpa Kuz;ghLfis fhzKbAk;. ,e;epiyikia eptu;j;jp
nra;J khfhzq;fSf;fpilapyhd Kuz;ghLfisAk; Fiwf;ff;$bathW
nkhj;j khztu; milTkl;lj;ij Nkk;gLj;j gy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;
mKy;g;gLJ;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
4.4 Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;bf;fika
fy;tpapd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; gz;G
rhu; tpUj;jp xg;gPL 1994> 2007> 2009
4.4.14.4.14.4.14.4.14.4.1 ml;ltiz: Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;b (1994> 2007> 2009)ml;ltiz: Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;b (1994> 2007> 2009)ml;ltiz: Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;b (1994> 2007> 2009)ml;ltiz: Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;b (1994> 2007> 2009)ml;ltiz: Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fy;tpr;Rl;b (1994> 2007> 2009)
%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;> Fbrd Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> fy;tp%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;> Fbrd Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> fy;tp%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;> Fbrd Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> fy;tp%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;> Fbrd Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> fy;tp%yk;: ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;> Fbrd Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> fy;tp
mikr;Rmikr;Rmikr;Rmikr;Rmikr;R
fy;tpr;Rl;bfy;tpr;Rl;bfy;tpr;Rl;bfy;tpr;Rl;bfy;tpr;Rl;b 1994 2007 2009 1994 2007 2009 1994 2007 2009 1994 2007 2009 1994 2007 2009
f.ngh.j. (rh.j) rpj;jpaile;j tpfpjhrhuk; 22.51 49.14 48.51
f.ngh.j. (c.j) rpj;jpaile;j tpfpjhrhuk; 44'91 61'41 61'21vOj;jwpT 90'10 94'20 -jfty; njhopy;El;g vOj;jwpT(5-69 tanjy;iy - 16'1 20'3rdj;njhifia fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk;NghJ)
xU khztDf;fhd fy;tpf;fhd nrytpdk; 16"620 18"905 23"607Rj;jpfupg;G trjpfs;nfhz;l ghlrhiyfspd; vz; 63'58 78'16 95'4;zpf;if nkhj;jg; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; %E}yf trjpfs; nfhz;l ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if 49'0 53'0 63'0nkhj;jg; ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;ifapd; %fzpdp trjpfs; nfhz;l 1AB kw;Wk; 1C 10'0 80'0 80'3ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhukhf
fzpdp trjpfs; nfhz;l 2 kw;Wk; 3 tifapd; 2'0 8'0 18'7ghlrhiy nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifapd; tpfpjhrhukhf
Mrpupau; khztu; tpfpjhrhuk; 22(1 18(1 17(11AB ghlrhiy vz;zpf;if 566 681 7005Mk; juk; tiu Njq;fp epw;Fk; tpfpjhrhuk; 97'7 98'29Mk; juk; tiu Njq;fp epw;Fk; tpfpjhrhuk; 92'2 95'8
201
Fwpg;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G:Fwpg ;G: 1 AB ghlrhiy - f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) tpQ;Qhdk;> fiy>tu;j;jfk; Mfpa %d;W ghltpjhdq;fs;nfhz;l ghlhriyfs;
1 C ghlrhiy - f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) fiy> tu;j;jfk; Mfpaghlt pjhdq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; nfhz ;lghlhriyfs;
tif 2 ghlrhiy - f.ngh.j. (rhjhzu juk ; ) kw ;Wk ;eilngWk; ghlrhiyfs;
tif 3 ghlrhiy - Mu;gj; juq;fs; khj;jpuk; eilngWk;ghlrhiyfs;
4.4.1 ml;ltizapy; Fwpg ;g plg ;gl;Ls;s fy;tpr ; Rl;bapd; %yk;
fhz;gpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ fy;tp Kiwikapd; jpUg;jpukhd Kd;Ndw;wq;fshFk;.
,jw;fika 1994Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;NghJ rfy fy;tpr; Rl;bfs; %yKk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT tpUj;jp fhz;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,jw;fhff; fy;tpf;fhd
murpd; KjyPl;ilg; gad;kpf;fjhfg; gad;gLj;jp ,yq;ifapd; kdpjts tpUj;jp
nraw;ghLfisj; njhlu;e;Jk; Kd;ndLf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.
4.5 fy;tpr; nrytpdk;4.5 fy;tpr; nrytpdk;4.5 fy;tpr; nrytpdk;4.5 fy;tpr; nrytpdk;4.5 fy;tpr; nrytpdk;
4.5.1 tiuG: xU khztDf;fhd fy;tpr; nrytpdk; - nghJf;fy;tp4.5.1 tiuG: xU khztDf;fhd fy;tpr; nrytpdk; - nghJf;fy;tp4.5.1 tiuG: xU khztDf;fhd fy;tpr; nrytpdk; - nghJf;fy;tp4.5.1 tiuG: xU khztDf;fhd fy;tpr; nrytpdk; - nghJf;fy;tp4.5.1 tiuG: xU khztDf;fhd fy;tpr; nrytpdk; - nghJf;fy;tp
(2007 - 2010)(2007 - 2010)(2007 - 2010)(2007 - 2010)(2007 - 2010)
xU khz
tDf;fhd
fy;tpr; nryT
Mz;L
%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R
202
2007Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gPL nra;Ak;NghJ 2010Mk; Mz;bd; xU khztDf;fhd
nrytpdk; 37% tPjj;jpdhy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. fy;tpf;fhd vjpu;fhy KjyPlhff;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L fy;tpf;fhf xJf;fg;gLk; mur epjpapd; msit njhlu;e;Jk;
mjpfupj;Js;sik kfpo;r;rpf;Fupa tplakhFk;.
4.5.1 ml;ltiz: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPL 2005 - 20094.5.1 ml;ltiz: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPL 2005 - 20094.5.1 ml;ltiz: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPL 2005 - 20094.5.1 ml;ltiz: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPL 2005 - 20094.5.1 ml;ltiz: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPL 2005 - 2009
4.5.2 tiuG: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp4.5.2 tiuG: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp4.5.2 tiuG: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp4.5.2 tiuG: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp4.5.2 tiuG: nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd KjyPl;L mgptpUj;jp
(2005 - 2009) (2005 - 2009) (2005 - 2009) (2005 - 2009) (2005 - 2009)
2005 45"737'75 7"556'16 53"293'91
2006 58"872'57 5"308'95 64"181'52
2007 64"822'66 9"705'09 74"527'75
2008 76"554'26 8"158'53 84"712'79
2009 83"447'85 7"743'53 91"191'38
%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R
Mz;L
fy;tpf;fhd nrytp. &.kp nkhj;j
fy;tpf;fhd
nrytpdk;
&.
kpy;ypad;
kPz;nlOk;
nrytpdk;
%yjd
nrytpdk;
%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R%yk;: fy;tp mikr;R
fy;tpr; nrytp &gh. kpy;ypad;
Mz;L
%yjd
KjtPL
eilKiwr;
nryT
nkhj;jf;
fy;tpf;fhd
nry;T &.kp.
203
ehL
Mtzg;gLj;jg;
gl;l khztu;
tpfpjhrhuk;
Muk;gg;
gapw;rp
Mrpupau;fspd;
tpfpjhrhuk;
5Mk; juk;
tiu Njq;fp
epw;Fk;
tpfpjhrhuk;
Muk;gj; juq;
fspy; kPsj;
Njq;fp epw;Fk;
tpfpjhrhuk;Muk;g ,ilepiy
%yk;: midtUf;Fk; fy;tpr; Rl;b - 2010 %yk;: midtUf;Fk; fy;tpr; Rl;b - 2010 %yk;: midtUf;Fk; fy;tpr; Rl;b - 2010 %yk;: midtUf;Fk; fy;tpr; Rl;b - 2010 %yk;: midtUf;Fk; fy;tpr; Rl;b - 2010 (Global Education Digest – 2010)
gq;fhsNjrk; 88 41 54 55 13
g+l;lhd; 88 47 91 96 7
,e;jpah 96 - - 66 3
khiyjPT 96 75 68 94 4
Neghsk; - 69 74 62 14
ghfp];jhd; 66 33 85 - 4
,yq;if 99 91 95 98 1
nghJf;fy;tpf;fhd mur KjyPL 2005Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;nghOJ 2009Mk;
Mz;bd; mjpfupj;Js;s tpfpjhrhuk; 71% MFk;. ,k;Kd;Ndw;wk; kPz;nlOk;
nrytpdj;jpy; fhzKbfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; %yjdr; nrytpdj;jpy;
mk;Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf KbAkhd rfy Kaw;rpfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.
4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 ,yq;ifapy; fy;tp kl;lk;,yq;ifapy; fy;tp kl;lk;,yq;ifapy; fy;tp kl;lk;,yq;ifapy; fy;tp kl;lk;,yq;ifapy; fy;tp kl;lk;
njw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Vidanjw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Vidanjw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Vidanjw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Vidanjw;fhrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Vida
ehLfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;Jld; xg;gPLehLfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;Jld; xg;gPLehLfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;Jld; xg;gPLehLfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;Jld; xg;gPLehLfspy; fy;tp kl;lj;Jld; xg;gPL
nra;Ak;NghJnra;Ak;NghJnra;Ak;NghJnra;Ak;NghJnra;Ak;NghJ
4.6.1 ml;ltiz - njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspd; fy;tp Gs;sptpgu4.6.1 ml;ltiz - njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspd; fy;tp Gs;sptpgu4.6.1 ml;ltiz - njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspd; fy;tp Gs;sptpgu4.6.1 ml;ltiz - njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspd; fy;tp Gs;sptpgu4.6.1 ml;ltiz - njw;fhrpa tya ehLfspd; fy;tp Gs;sptpgu
xg;gPL xg;gPL xg;gPL xg;gPL xg;gPL
204
Nkw;$wg;gl;l jftYf;fika njw;fhrpahtpd; Muk;g kw;Wk;
,ilepiyf; fy;tpf;fhf caupa Njwpa Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;l khztu;
vz;zpf;if tpfpjhrhuk; ,yq;ifapNyNa $Ljyhff; fhzg;gLtJld;
,J fy;tpf;fhd murpd; mu;g;gzpg;gpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijr; rpj;jupj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Muk;gf;fy;tpf;fhf Njrj;jpd; rfy rpwhu;fSf;Fk;
re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;f fy;tp Kiwikf;F toq;f Kbe;jik tpNrl
mk;rkhFk;.
ghlrhiy rpwhu;fis mdu;j;j epiyikfSf;Fj; jahu;gLj;;jy;>
mdu;j;jq;fisj; jtpu;g;gJ njhlu;ghff; fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rpfis
toq;Fjy;.
Nkhjy;fs; epytpa gpuNjrq;fspy; kw;Wk; tupa gpuNjrq;fspy;
rpwhu;fSf;F kPsg; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;tjw;Fj; Njitahd trjpfis
nra;JnfhLf;Fk; tifapy; ghl,idg; ghlnewpfspy; gq;Nfw;fr; nra;jy;
kw;Wk; njhopy;rhu; gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;.
Nkhy;fs; epytpa gpuNjrq;fspy; rpwhu;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; FLk;g
mq;fj;jtu;fspd; kNdepiyia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
205
New Vision for Education
2010 - Progressand
Proposed Programmes - 2011
A Publication of the Ministry of Education
(Compiled by Planning and Performance Review Division)
207
The Message of the Hon. Minister of Education
I am happy to be able to present on this important occasion when the Education Vote isbeing discussed, this Report which includes the progress achieved in the field of educationin the year 2010 inspired by the development priorities of the Mahinda Chintana and thepriorities identified for 2011.
On any reckoning education makes an enormous contribution in expediting a countrysoverall development and in giving it a sense of direction by laying the basic foundationfor socio economic development as well its essential accompaniment, ethical development.In order to provide an education suitably designed to face global and current challenges,while safeguarding national culture and identity, the need is keenly felt for a new EducationAct. Hence the task of preparing an Education Act capable of offering an efficient andeffective education system to the county is now being pursued as a matter of the utmostpriority.
The Ministry of Education is paying the closest attention to the massive undertaking ofdeveloping 1000 Super Grade Schools with all subject streams, where urban as well asrural children – from a knowledge centred society ushered through the instrumentality ofInformation and Communication Technology – will be provided equal opportunities.
Several issues of decisive importance which had defied solution over a considerableperiod of time have been settled with the granting of due promotions to officers in ClassI of the Sri Lanka Education Administration Service and locating them in a meaningful andproductive manner. This is a further step in strengthening the foundation for thedevelopment of marketable skills combined with high human values. School educationwill make continued efforts in the process of empowering large sections of society.
It is my firm belief and conviction that the Ministry of Education can make an effectivecontribution towards the forward march of the nation, based on social equality by offeringefficient, effective and qualitatively high educational opportunities within the developmentframework centred on the five forces which will propel Sri Lanka to be the Asian Miracleas envisaged in the Mahinda Chintana. I would emphasize that all of us should work withdedication and determination to achieve this goal.
Bandula GunawardenaMinister of Education
209
The Message of the Hon. Deputy Minister of Education
I take pleasure in issuing a message in relation to this report which coversthe progress achieved in 2010 and the priorities identified for next year, 2011.
As a result of the actions taken by the Ministry of Education and theinstitutions affiliated to it, it has been possible to confront successfully some of thechallenges that were outstanding for a long time. In this regard the new organizationalstructure introduced to the Ministry is a distinguishing feature. A specialachievement worthy of recall is the appointment, on a permanent basis, to severalhigh positions in the Ministry, officers from Class 1 of the Sri Lanka EducationAdministrative Service. Several developmental approaches have been planned fora rapid enhancement of the quality of education.
It will be the special responsibility of the Ministry of Education to achievethe targets set in the near future. The Ministry will face with determination, thechallenge of transforming this generation of students so that they will have theskills the changing world needs while remaining fervently patriotic. In this endeavorMinistry officials of all grades should give of their best.
I would like to extend an invitation to all to contribute to further strengthen therapid developments in the field of education within the Mahinda ChintanaDevelopment framework in 2011.
Gamini Wijith Wijithamuni de ZoysaDeputy Minister of Education
210
Message of the Secretary Ministry ofEducation
To make a reality of the development priorities emphasizedin the Mahinda Chintana, the maximum returns should be realizedfrom the Investments in education.
Education bears an extraordinarily high responsibility in somoulding the human resources of the nation as to be fully equippedwith life skills as well as wholesome attitudes and high human valueswith a well balanced personality by an effective investment of scarceresources.
The functions performed by the Ministry of Education, toensure for the children of the nation, through the school system, apotent education, embracing new technology based on a qualitycurriculum – taking into account changes at national and internationallevel – and designed to need emerging global challenges, aredistinctively outstanding.
The initiation of several changes calculated to provide speedilya modern education within the scheme of priorities envisaged in theMahinda Chinthana, by the Hon Minister of Education and the Hon.Deputy Minister have served to raise high and justifiable expectations.As a testimony to their enterprise, I note with pleasure, we areapproaching the goal of evolving the legal framework for a sustainableand optimizing educational policy and its translation into action.
H. M. GunasekaraSecretaryMinistry of Education
211
Contents
♦ The Message of the Hon. Minister of Education - 207
♦ The Message of the Hon. Deputy Minister of Education - 209
♦ The Message of the Secretary Ministry of Education - 210
Chapter 01 - Responsibilities of the Ministry of Education
1.1 Mahinda Chinthana National Development Priorities
and General Education 219
1.2 The Vision of the Ministry of Education 220
1.3 The Mission of the Ministry of Education 220
1.4 Different Institutions linked to the Ministry of Education 221
1.5 The Functions of the Ministry of Education 221
Chapter 02 - Recent Trends relevant to the Achievement ofExcellence in Education
2.1 A New Sustainable National Policy for Education 223
2.2 Strengthening the new organizational structure of the
Ministry of Education and the Establishment of a new
Leadership for Education Administration 224
2.3 The Programme for the Development of 1000
Secondary Schools 225
212
2.4 Special Programmes to Elevate Sports in Schools 225
2.5 Special Educational Seminar Programmes for G.C.E. (O/L)
and G.C.E. (A/L) Examinations 226
2.6 A special programme for the Evaluation of the
Grade 5 Scholars 227
2.7 Ensuring a high return on Investment in Education
by making the school system more objective and
critical in approach 228
2.8 Establishment of Teacher Villages for teachers in
difficult areas 229
2.9 Broadening Opportunities for Education in
Information Technology for Principals and Teachers
Serving in Schools in difficult areas even in the absence
of Computer Facilities 229
2.10 Special Continuous Programmes for the
Empowerment of Schools 231
2.11 Broadening and Developing bilinguial
Educational Opportunities 232
2.12 A new approach to a better distribution of teachers 233
2.13 A new Act for Pirivena Education and the proposed
new tendencies 233
2.14 Exceptional Foreign Assistance for Educational
Development 234
2.15 The Sri Lanka Science Mathematics Olympiad Conference 235
2.16 Programme to Promote English Language as a Life Skill 235
2.17 A Question and Answer Book Series for GCE O/L and GCE
A/L Examinations and the Grade 5 Scholarship Examination 236
213
2.18 Steps are being taken to Lessen the Weight of School
Textbooks and to introduce a Lighter Book Bag for Students 237
2.19 High and Safe Standards are being stipulated for Food
Sold in School Canteens 238
2.20 The Shradhangali Programme 238
2.21 Special Programme for promotion of sales of Education
Publications, textbooks, syllabi and question and
answer manual 239
Chapter 03 - Progress of Education Quality DevelopmentProgrammes-2010 and Proposed New Programmes2011
3.1 Implementation of Education policies and Plans 240
3.1.1 The Education Sector Development Framework 240
3.1.2 Implementation of Mahinda Chinthana Programme 242
3.1.3 Achieving Education for All Goals and MilleniumDevelopment Goals 243
3.2 Progress of Education quality development programmes
and proposed future programmes 243
3.2.1 Primary and Secondary Education 246
• Primary Education 246
• English Education 247
• Science and Mathematics Education 247
• National Language and Second Language Education 248
• Aesthetic Education 248
• Agriculture and Technical Education 249
• ICT Education 250
214
• Religious and Value Education 250
• Peace Education 251
• Co curricular Activities, Guidance and Counseling 251
• Development of School Libraries 251
3.2.2 Teacher Education and Professional Development 252
3.2.3 Non-formal Education 252
3.2.4. Special Education 253
3.2.5 Education Development of the Northern Province 254
3.2.6 Development of plantation Schools 255
3.2.7 Development of Muslim Schools 256
3.2.8 School Evaluation and Supervision 256
3.2.9 The contribution of National Schools in the Developmentof the Educational System 256
3.3 Education Services and Establishment Matters 257
3.3.1 Strengthening the Administration and Managementof Education 257
• Sri Lanka Education Administration Service 257
• Sri Lanka Principals' Service 257
• Sri Lanka Teacher Educators' Service 258
• Sri Lanka Teachers’ Service 258
3.3.2 Human Resource Development 258
3.4 Provision of Education Services and Student Welfare
Programmes 259
3.4.1 Supply of School Uniforms 259
3.4.2 Providing School Textbooks 259
3.4.3 Scholarships to School Children 259
215
3.4.4 The School Mid-day Meal Programme and theHealth Promotion Programme 260
3.4.5 Construction of School Buildings 260
3.5 Institutions coming under purview of the
Ministry of Education 263
3.5.1 National Institute of Education 263
3.5.2 Sri Lanka Department of Examinations 265
3.5.3 Educational Publications Department 266
3.5.4 National Library and Documentation Services Board 268
3.5.5 Sri Lanka Book Development Board 268
3.5.6 Sri Lanka National Commission for UNESCO 269
3.6 Investment of Foreign Aid for Educational Development 270
3.6.1 World Bank Aids for the Education Sector DevelopmentFramework and Programme 271
3.6.2 Secondary Education Modernization Project Fundedby Asian Development Bank 278
3.6.3 Education for Knowledge Society Project funded by the AsianDevelopment Bank 279
3.6.4 Programmes receiving UNICEF Assistance 283
3.6.5 Education for Social Integration programme implementedwith GTZ (German Technical Cooperation) Programme 284
Chapter 04 - Analysis based on Educational Data andMeasurements
4.1 Introduction 286
4.2 Basic Statistical Information on General Education 287
216
4.2.1 Table - Number of Government Schools in Sri Lanka 287
4.2.2 Table - Number of Private Schools and Perivenas2005 – 2009 288
4.2.3 Table - Number of Teachers in Government Schools2005 - 2009 288
4.2.1 Graph - The Increase in the Total Number of Teachers 289
4.2.4 Table - Number of Teachers in Private Schools andin Pirivenas 290
4.2.5 Table - Recruitment of New Teachers : Numberrequited in 2010 and recruitments due to be made in 2011 290
4.2.6 Table - The Growth of Graduate Teachers within theTotal number of Teachers 291
4.2.2 Graph - The Growth of Graduate Teachers within theTotal number of Teachers 291
4.2.7 Table - Number of Students in Government Schools,2005 – 2009 292
4.2.8 Table - Number of Students in Private Schools andPirivenas 292
4.2.9 Table - The Distribution of Schools According tothe Number of Students- 2009 293
4.2.3 Graph - The Distribution of Schools based on the Numberof Students as a % of the Total Number of Schools 294
4.3 Basic Statistical Information on Student Performance 295
4.3.1 Table - % Students who scored more than 70% ofMarks in 2007– 2009 295
4.3.2 Table – Performance of School Candidates at theG.C.E. (O/L) and G.C.E. (A/L) 2005 – 2009 295
217
4.3.1 Graph - Growth of Student Performance Level atG.C.E. (O/L) and G.C.E. (A/L) 2005 – 2009 296
4.3.2 Graph - Performance in Several key subjects of First TimeApplicants at the G.C.E. (O/L) 2005 – 2009 297
4.3.3 Table- Achievement of Grade 4 Students 298
4.3.4 Table- Achievement of Grade 8 and 10 Students 299
4.4 Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Development in
Education based on selected Education indicators 1994,
2007, 2009 300
4.4.1 Table - Selected Education Indicators 300
4.5 Education Costs 301
4.5.1 Graph - Per Pupil Cost - GeneralEducation (2007-2009) 301
4.5.2 Table - Investment in General Education 302
4.5.2 Graph - Growth in Investment in General Educationfrom 2005 – 2009 302
4.6 A Comparison between the Educational Standards of
Sri Lanka with the Educational standards of other
Countries in the South Asian Region 303
4.6.1 Table – Comparison of Education Indicators amongSouth Asian Countries 303
219
Chapter 01
Responsibilities of the Ministry ofEducation
1.1 Mahinda Chinthana NationalDevelopment Priorities and GeneralEducation
Among the Development Programmes based on five driving forces identified
through the Mahinda Chinthana Vision to make Sri Lanka the Asian Miracle, the onerous
task of redesigning education and knowledge as best suits the country, under the driving
force of knowledge, has fallen upon the Ministry of Education, a responsibility which it is
already engaged in discharging.
In ensuring the country’s economic and social development through education,
pivotal to knowledge, 1000 schools will be developed with all facilities, as centres of
excellence.
Within a new solid education policy framework, education will be redesigned to
better suit the country and to accelerate the country’s economic development through a
new Education Act.
In this respect, the foundation has already been laid through the Mahinda Chinthana
Vision for the emergence of a body of teachers and students empowered in all respects to
face global challenges, successfully through the entrenched national feeling which will
safeguard the consciousness generated by our proud history and protect our pride in the
past.
220
1.2 The Vision of the Ministry ofEducation
To reach excellence in global society through competent
citizens who share the Sri Lankan identity
1.3 The Mission of the Ministry ofEducation
Develop competent citizens in keeping with the global trends
through innovative and modern approaches to education
leading to efficiency, equity and high quality in performance
ensuring stakeholder satisfaction.
221
1.4 Institutions coming under the purview ofthe Ministry of Education
1. Provincial Departments of Education.
2. Department of Educational Publications.
3. Sri Lanka Department of Examinations.
4. National Institute of Education.
5. National Library and Documentation Services Board.
6. Sri Lanka Book Development Board.
7. Sri Lanka National Commission for UNESCO
1.5 The Functions of the Ministry ofEducation
• Interpretation and implementation of the National Education Policy, having
regard to the broad objectives of Education, while making recommendations and
providing a feedback to the National Education Commission for the formulation of
National education policies and for the modernization of education.
• To plan and implement educational programmes and activities in accordance with
National objectives and policies; the monitoring, progress review and evaluation of
these activities.
• Maintaining bilateral and multilateral relations for the development of education; to
work in cooperation with regional and international organizations.
• To determine the standards appropriate to general education and to take action to
maintain these standards, the promotion of creative activities in schools and other
educational institutions.
222
• The development of curricula for general, special and teacher education and for
Pirivena education; their implementation and evaluation.
• Conduct research after identifying research areas for the development of
education and using the results obtained in the education process.
• Maintaining and reviewing appropriate evaluation systems for certificate
examinations at National Level, subject examinations and aptitude tests.
• Developing the human resources needed for important activities aimed at education
quality.
• The management and performance evaluation of the Teacher education institutes
and the National Schools coming under the Ministry of Education.
• Providing advice, assistance, coordination and review to Provincial education
authorities in respect of administrative management and the implementation of
educational activities.
• Implementation and supervision of foreign funded projects.
• Determining standards and preparation of plans for learning aids education build-
ings and equipment.
• Supply of school textbooks, school uniforms, services and goods provided at Na-
tional Level.
• Estimation and allocation of capital expenditure under the subject education,
recurrent expenditure in respect of the Ministry of Education and all institutions
under the Ministry and the implementation of a systematic scheme of Financial
Management.
• Administration of the Minutes of all the services under the field of education and the
maintenance of a proper internal administration in the Ministry of Education and the
institutions coming under it.
223
Chapter 02
Recent Trends relevant to theAchievement of Excellence in
Education
The Ministry of Education has identified, as a matter of priority, and is in the
process of implementing several new trends in the field of education to produce a new
generation of students – with the next century in view – who can meet global challenges, as
skilled citizens of the global village.
2.1 A New Sustainable National Policy forEducation
Taking into account the Report of the Gunawardena Committee appointed by the
Cabinet, the various recommendations made by the National Education Commission and
the strategic recommendations for the development of human resources contained in the
Mahinda Chintana with the new century in mind, the task of drafting a new Education Act
within a framework encompassing a new education policy has been initiated.
Accordingly, a new special committee of Parliament has already been appointed
and the basic requirements are attended to the basic objective in all there endeavours is
the implementation of the national programme centred on five energizing strategic forces
with knowledge as the pivotal force – for the emergence of a future generation, while
continuing at all times to cherish deep rooted national values, will be able to face global
224
challenges and expectations. This process will be finalized in several stages and will
culminate with the presentation, of the new Education Act in Parliament in the first half of
2011. In the preparation of the new Education Act, individuals and several groups of
individuals have already submitted many proposals. This work will be expedited.
This legislation will embrace the field of general education as a whole and
will ensure an accelerated optimally qualitative and accelerated educational
development.
2.2 Strengthening the new organizationalstructure of the Ministry of Education and theEstablishment of a new Leadership forEducation Administration.
• After several years permanant appointments based on promotions have been given
to officers in Grade 1 of the Sri Lanka Education Administration Service. They will
be placed or located in such a way that the system will derive the maximum benefit
from them. Under this scheme an appropriate, high quality leadership/ administration
will be assured at Zonal, Provincial and Education Ministry level, for all educational
institutions. A methodology has been introduced to fill on a continuous basis the
vacancies that occur in the educational administration field following the relevant
procedures. Measures are being taken by regular placements to direct education
management and leadership to proper channels.
• Programmes have been prepared to further strengthen the Education Leadership
Centre at Meepe to implement Degree Level Courses, and to plan training
opportunities suited to the relevant institutions in the education field. Financial
assistance is being provided for this programme by the Asian Development Bank.
225
2.3 The Programme for the Development of1000 Secondary Schools
• The primary objective of this programme is to make quality education available to
rural children as well and to broaden educational opportunities as envisaged in the
Mahinda Chintana Vision. These schools will have the human resources and the
infrastructure facilities to ensure a quality education of a high level by an optional
teaching process.
• By launching this massive school development programme a school of distinction
will emerge. By the introduction of all curricula including science, all students will
have access to equal educational opportunities. Free and compulsory education
will be more meaningfully guaranteed through these schools. In this way the clamour
for urban schools will lessen and the artificial competition for places in some schools
can be alleviated.
2.4 Special Programmes to Elevate Sportsin Schools
• Sports activities in schools will make a great contribution towards the creation of
citizens with a balanced personality out of our children. With this end in view these
programmes will be further broadend.
• With the sponsorship of the private sector for the first time in 2010 for the winners
at national level for their continuous sports education, the emergence of champions
at national and international levels would be ensured.
226
• For the first time ever the winners at the national level were awarded prizes exceeding
Rs. 100,000/=.
• The present condition of the country’s sports schools would be reviewed and action
taken to uplift them to a higher level.
• As the subject of sports is a powerful
parallel medium for the benefit of
students, the special participation and
sponsorship of the private sector will
be promoted through a strategic
planning process.
2.5 Special Educational SeminarProgrammes for G.C.E. (O/L) andG.C.E. (A/L) Examinations
• Seminars have been commenced throughout the island with the participation of
resource persons of exceptional quality, with a view to de-emphasizing the role
given to examinations and thus relieving mental pressures students are subjected to.
The path is thus paved for large numbers of school children to be exposed to a
higher level of learning experience.
227
• It is expected that in this way, a pleasant pre-examination training and preparation
will be provided so that examinations can be faced with greater success and ease.
• These seminars will familiarize students with methodologies for easier ways of
answering questions thus reducing the current examination phobia.
• Through these seminars an improvement of performance at national level is expected
ultimately. This should ultimately be reflected in better examination results, overall.
• As a result of these seminars conducted at the level of the school, the confidence of
the students and the parents in the school will be further enhanced.
• The active intervention of zonal and provincial educational authorities, the Ministry
of Education, the Department of Examinations and the National Institute of Education
in the implementation of this promotional process makes it a truly cooperative
endeavour.
2.6 A special programme for the evaluationof the competencies of Grade 5Scholars
• Steps will be taken to determine the minimum performance level of Grade 5 scholars,
who have scored more than 35 marks in each paper, by awarding a special
certificates to those successful at the scholarship examination to safeguard student
dignity.
• A programme will be launched to evaluate in a more sophisticated manner the
performance of those students, who had scored high marks at National and Regional
levels. To ensure its success it is proposed to get the participation of various public
institutions and the private sector.
228
• With a view to making the Grade 5 scholarship examination more student
friendly and to minimize the uncalled for interference by various people, as an
advance preparation is proposed to provide each student, free of charge, a booklet
containing past question papers.
2.7 Ensuring a high return on investment ineducation by making the school systemmore objective and critical in approach
• To make the school system more objective and critical for enhancing its efficiency,
a system of education planning which will include a continuous review of student
teacher ratios and class strength will be introduced.
• In optimizing the returns from investment on education the right to education of all
children will be fully assured.
• The distinctive feature here is the rationalization of the school structure by the creation
of a network of a cluster of schools centred on a secondary school. This exercise
will be strengthened by a Zonal, Provincial and Education Ministerial direction.
229
• A primary and secondary school network will be established which will guarantee
the internal and external efficiency in education and an optimum class strength and
appropriate staff ratios.
• To rectify the situation of the number of schools with minimum number of students
increasing, rationalization will be done taking student population and school data
into consideration.
2.8 Establishment of Teacher Villages forteachers in difficult areas
• Based on several difficult schools, with a view to the complete eradication of teacher
shortages in schools in difficult areas, teacher villages will be established related to
schools at central places in these areas. Accordingly, in one place a teacher housing
complex will be established. Steps will be taken to provide all the physical facilities
required for their including transport facilities need for the teachers to access the
schools.
2.9 Broadening opportunities for educationin Information and CommunicationTechnology for principals and teachersserving in schools in difficult areas evenin the absence of computer facilities
• In addition to the provision of fully equipped computer laboratories to 1 AB and 1
C schools, the provision of computers and related facilities to Type 2 schools will
also be completed.
• Continuous sponsorship will be provided to raise the level of National Computer
Literacy by providing thousands of training opportunities in Information and
Communication Technology to school teachers.
230
• The implementation of special programmes for computer hardware and network
solutions with the assistance of school children will be further expanded.
• In addition to the introduction of Information and Communication Technology as a
subject in the school curriculum, the use of this technology in the management of
schools on a wider scale has been identified as an essential activity. With this in
view the designing of suitable software and training are being accelerated.
• These activities have been started as part of the 1000 schools programme under
the Mahinda Chintana Policy. They have the special objective of ensuring that
these schools will become exceptional being empowered through Information and
Communication Technology. Investments with Asian Development Bank assistance
will be further broadened to provide computer facilities to Type 2 schools and fully
equipped computer laboratories and network facilities to secondary schools to be
up graded as Isuru Schools.
• Through investment in education, to usher a knowledge based society with Asian
Development Bank aid, it is arranged to make awards for excellence in information
technology so as to cover rural schools as well. For this a sum of Rs. 250 million
will be allocated to 574 schools that have emerged as winners.
231
2.10 Special continuous programmes forthe empowerment of schools
• The Programme for School Improvement (PSI) will be implemented with a special
priority with reference to the 1000 secondary schools proposed to be developed.
• The Programme for School Improvement which has already been implemented will
be introduced to the entire school system. In this connection, development plans
formulated at the level of the schools will be implemented through decisions at the
school level. To ensure this, the provision of financial resources to the level of the
school will be further extended. The main objective is the empowering of the
school through taking decisions and implementing them without delay at school
level.
• Through this programme, school level planning, planning of curricula and related
subjects, school based teacher development, development of school precincts and
promoting relationships within school community will be strengthened.
• Using quality inputs for schools will go beyond strictly academic matters to the
development of school precincts. The Ministry of Education and Educational
Authorities have placed a great confidence in the Principal of the school and the
Board of Management for the implementation of school empowerment programmes
through development programmes emanating from the school itself, by creating a
conducive atmosphere.
• The main objective here is the change to a strategic planning system under which
financial provision will be made for a school level plan.
232
• Action has been taken to plan development activities, take necessary decisions and
to provide guidance in implementing there decisions with a view to empowering
schools. In this background, the Education Quality Inputs Programme, the School
Improvement Programme, the School Development Grant Programme, the Schools
Development Financing Grant and similar programmes are being continuously
implemented. Report indicate that principals and staff of schools are engaged in
this work with much commitment and contentment.
2.11 Broadening and Developing BilingualEducational Opportunities
• The ultimate goal sought to be achieved under the bilingual education programme
is providing bilingual educational opportunities to all students in the secondary
grades.
• While specific targets have been set for this objective to be achieved, it is expected
to implement this programme in 1000 secondary schools by the end of 2011.
• In addition in the 1000 secondary schools earmarked for development bilingual
education opportunities will be broadened. Also, depending on the requirements
of the educational system, measures have been taken to further develop teachers
233
skills to launch bilingual programmes. By this there will be greater chance of the
expected results being realized.
• As a continuation of these activities 410 new graduate teachers in the English medium
will be recruited with a view to further expanding bi-lingual education, and to enable
students in the commerce stream too to benefit, the introduction of the English
medium to the core commerce stream will commence with Sithawaka Rajasinghe
MV at Hanwella, the Homagama Central College and Lumbini College in Colombo.
2.12 A new approach to a betterdistribution of teachers
• The National Teacher Transfer Policy and the process of recruitment to the Teachers'
Service will be subjected to a systematic review. A combined effort will be made
along with the Provincial Education Authorities to eradicate teacher shortage in
village schools and to make future teacher recruitments according to teacher
requirements. Further, steps will be taken to ensure that school based teacher
recruitments will be made more systematically in the future.
2.13 A new Act for Pirivena Education andthe proposed new tendencies
• Among the proposals for the development of Pirivena Education, the amendments
to the hitherto unchanged Pirivena Act in keeping with the present day requirements
stand out.
• With the objective of providing primary education in a religious environment, primary
sections will be opened for grades 1 – 5 for lay students. Activities related to the
2,600 Sambuddha Anniversary will be implemented in all the Pirivenas. Steps will
234
be taken to absorb teachers who have passed the ‘Dharmacharya’ examination
and the GCE A/L to the Sri Lanka Teachers Service. Arrangements have been
made to revise Pirivena textbooks after 25 years. Specific measures will be taken
to obtain the services of Tamil language teachers for the Pirivena and to provide
computer knowledge, to train Pirivena teachers.
2.14 Exceptional foreign assistance foreducational development
In terms of an agreement entered between the Government of Korea and
the Government of Sri Lanka on the intervention of the Hon. Minister of Education, action
has been taken to get foreign assistance on a completely aid basis. This will be utilized, to
cover National and Provincial
Schools of the island to bring
about a qualitative improvement
in education by providing 3000
electronic pianos for promoting
aesthetic education. Steps will
be taken to provide a special
training to students in piano
music.
In addition, action has been taken
to obtain as a presentation 30,000 a
special type of blackboard – Non
reflective Green Board. The objective
here is to enhance the quality of
teaching this enabling the development
of potential in school children.
235
2.15 The Sri Lanka Science MathematicsOlympiad Conference
Twenty nine Grade 5 Scholars who had exceptional levels of achievement repre-
sented Sri Lanka at the International Science Mathematics Olympiad held in Indonesia.
12 of them succeeded in this at a high
level. Participation of our students at
international competitions such as these
makes it possible to directly compare
our educational standards with those of
other countries. Specially challenging
educational opportunities will be
provided to students who showed
exceptional promise here.
2.16 Programme to promote EnglishLanguage as a Life Skill
Through this programme introduced with the guidance of HE the President, action
will be taken to enhance rapidly the competence of school children in Spoken English and
to sharpen their professional skills on a long term basis.
Through the English and Foreign Languages University of Hyderabad in India 39
trainers have trained local English teachers as trainers. They have noticeably improved the
spoken English ability of English teachers throughout the island. Already 78% of the
island English teachers have received this training. For this programme modules have
been prepared including Spoken English skills and evaluation methods. From 2012
evaluation processes will commence to assess English speech for the G.C.E. (Ordinary
Level).
236
The overall objective of this exercise is a body of students and teachers with strong
communication skills and an enhanced English speaking ability. These advances will con-
tribute to meet Global challenges through a knowledge based society.
For the Peradeniya Centre for Excellence in English Education various
infrastructure facilities including computer technology will be provided. Action is now
being taken to strengthen the financial management of the centre with the financial
assistance of the Asian Development Bank.
2.17 A Question and Answer book seriesfor GCE O/L and GCE A/Lexaminations and the Grade 5Scholarship Examination
• The Sri Lanka Department of Examinations has made available to students and the
General Public Question and Answer manuals of a high standard for the different
subjects at the G.C.E. (O/L) at a concessionary price. By this it has been possible
to prevent private printers from exploiting a captive market.
• The possibility of getting question and answer books of a high quality is now assured.
237
2.18 Steps are being taken to lessen theweight of school textbooks and tointroduce a lighter book bag forstudents
The weight of recommended school textbooks has been subjected to a review
and a way has already been found to transform them into lighter, more easy to handle
textbooks. Accordingly the weight of textbooks will be reduced. Similarly, action is being
taken to introduce a range of school bags conforming to medical recommendations and
conducive to the good health of school children.
Inner compartment dividedin to sections
Waist belt
enables the bag to bepressed against the bodyand the extra weight to fall
on the hip
The adequacy of the shoulderstraps; well cushionedshoulder straps withadjustable buckles
238
2.19 High and safe standards are beingstipulated for food sold in school
canteens
Steps are being taken to ensure high safety standards for food sold in school
canteens and to prevent the sale of artificial and inferiors food in these canteens.
The objective of this exercise is to provide opportunities to children to consume
wholesome food of high quality and thereby to enhance the health and nutrition standards
of the country’s children.
With the help of the health authorities the necessary action to implement this change
is already being taken.
2.20 The Shradhanjali Programme
At the initiative and under the committed drive of the Hon. Minister of Education,
the Aesthetic Section of the Ministry of Education along with the Aesthetic Section of the
National Institute of Education staged an evening of Buddhist devotional songs “Shradhnjali”
at the Ruwanweli Maha Seya in Anuradhapura on the occasion of Wesak 2010.
Alongside this musical performance a learned discussion on Buddhist songs and
aesthetics at which resource persons of great eradiation participated. Through these
innovative and novel programmes designed to heighten a religious awakening, it hoped to
transform the thought patterns of the new generations towards a high level of morality.
239
2.21 Special programmes to promote salesof educational publications, textbooks,syllabi and question and answermanuals
• Under this programme opportunities will be ensured to make available to all interested
parties at concessionary prices the diverse publications of the Ministry of Education,
The Department of Educational Publications and other institutions including various
educational books, textbooks and past examination papers.
• In this connection the Department of Education Publications has already made
arrangements to open at all the railway stations in the country book sales centers
for these publications.
• Also, action is being taken to extend and better organize the publication and books
sales promotion center at the premises of National Institute of Education under the
aegis of the Department of Education Publications. Opportunities for the purchase
of teacher’s handbooks, syllabi, teacher guidance manuals, textbooks and all other
relevant publications will be provided in more efficient and attraction manner.
240
Chapter 03
Progress of Education Quality DevelopmentProgrammes-2010 and Proposed New
Programmes-2011
3.1 Implementation of Educational Policiesand Plans
Plans were prepared during the last year for the implementation of projects arising
from the policies underlying Mahinda Chinthana and the policy proposals recommended
by the National Education Commission. In this connection, under the development acrossframework which serves as the basis for the implementation of zonal, provincial and cen-tral levels were implemented through projects and it needs to be specially mentioned thatthe targets expected have been achieved.
3.1.1 - The Education Sector Development Framework and Programme(ESDFP)
The Education Sector Development Framework and Programme is asector – wide innovative approach (SWAP) which is followed from 2006. This programme
consists of the following themes :
Theme 1 : Promoting equitable access to primary and secondary education
Theme 2 : Improving the quality of Primary and Secondary Education.
Theme 3 : Enhancing economic efficiency and equity in resource allocation.
Theme 4 : Strengthening governance and service delivery
241
This programme is implemented by all the provincial educational authorities through
national level educational institutions. There is also in the participation of other
educational institutions and the universities in this venture.
While the Education Sector Development Framework and Programme is built on
medium term budgetary framework, the Results Based Monitoring Framework is a special
feature here.
Among the programmes carried out by the Planning and Performance Review
Division in 2010 for the implementation of the sector – wide approach in education, the
following assume a special importance.
♦ The preparation by all the provinces acting together, long, medium term and annual
activity plans for the implementation of national educational plans through the entire
education system.
♦ A pilot programme has been planned for the school based provision of funds for
100 National Schools with the objective of strengthening the control over the use
of financial resources in schools, for the purpose of decentralizing financial authority
and decision making.
♦ It is expected to formulate projects to implement national education policies
pertaining to the school structure, for school mapping and rationalization.
♦ Providing the technical assistance and guidance necessary for the coordination and
implementation at the national level the Education Sector Development Framework
and Programme .
♦ Identification of the sources of funds for the implementation of programmes for
educational development and in coordination with relevant parties to work and
implementation strategies.
♦ Amendment of circulars governing school finances.
242
♦ Performing the basic activities related to the development of 1000 secondary schools
referred to in the Mahinda Chinthana.
♦ Performing the basic functions needed for the second stage of the Education Sector
Development Framework.
♦ Preparation of performance reports for the Parliament, Ministry of finance and
planning, the office of the Prime Minister, the Central Bank and the Ministry of
Economic Development.
♦ Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation programmes related to the Education
Sector Development Framework and Programme.
♦ Forwarding progress reports , especially for the projects involving more than Rs.50
million, being implemented with foreign funds and finances form the consolidated
fund.
♦ Data analysis and reporting related to the income and expenditure of the education
system.
♦ Coordination of national level student assesment programmes.
To control the additional funding requirement for the implementation of ESDFP it
was included World Bank Grant and grants by other donors in addition to government
funds.
3.1.2 - Implementation of the Mahinda Chinthana Programme
Of the 36 programmes recommended for the promotion of intelligence and values
under the Mahinda Chinthana 34 have achieved the expected results. Some of these
programmes are being continued on a long term basis due to their importance and
relevance. Further the plans necessary for the future vision of the Mahinda Chinthana are
already under preparation. For several programmes under these plans preparatory steps
have been taken for implementation.
243
3.1.3. Achieving the Education For All (EFA) Goals and the Millennium
Development Goals(MDG)
In respect of Education For All Goals and Millennium Development Goals, Sri
Lanka has made remarkable progress which stands out ever when compared internation-ally. In order to ensure the achievement of these goals by 2015 the following activitieswere carried out during past year.
• While policy proposals for the realization of Education for All Goals and theMillennium Development Goals have been forwarded to the National EducationCommission, steps have been taken to implement jointly with the relevant Ministriesstrategies suited to the achievement of these objectives.
• Based on the findings of the Mid – decade assesment of Education for All, a functionalframework to implement inclusive education at school level as an avenue of accessto education for all has been prepared along with a manual for teachers. In 2011action will be taken in partnership with the relevant authorities to implement thesemeasures.
• A capacity enhancement programme for provincial and zonal officers to implementa formal monitoring and evaluation programme based on data and information has
been implemented in all the Provinces.
3.2 Progress of Education Qualitydevelopment Programmes andproposed future Programmes
The activities undertaken and their progress in 2010 as well as the programmesdue to be implemented in 2011 for the promotion of education quality under the differentsubjects are presented here. The investments made under this programme with foreignassistance and the consolidated funds are given below. The estimated financial provisionsunder subject heads in respect of the Ministry of Education, The Department of Examina-tion and the Department of Publications are presented in tables. It is not included here the
expenditure incurred by Provincial Departments of Education.
244
3.2.1 Table : The actual expenditure under expenditure head of the Ministry of Education in 2009, the expected expenditure in 2010 and the estimated expenditure for 2011
Recurrent Expenditures 21"511"615 22"169"710 25"331"345
1 Operations Programme
Minister’s Office 48"150 49"675 53"704
Administration and Establishment 278"926 343"535 424"916
Services (General Education)
2 Development Programme
Primary Education 2"299"037 2"313"293 2"633"069
Secondary Education 9"364"502 9"548"247 10"607"500
Special Education 2"425"190 2"643"546 2"848"115
Grants and Aid for Education 5"913"402 5"947"105 7"209"688
Education Planning and Programming 18"022 18"394 19"695
Teacher Training and the Development 854"032 1"007"194 1"219"958
Framework
Institutional Support for Qualitative 310"354 298"721 314"700
Improvement in General Education
Capital Expenditures 3"753"263 3"808"840 4"208"107
1 Operations Programme
Minister’s Office 4"498 5"549 6"150
Administration and Establishment 70"047 61"201 100"500
Services (General Education)
2 Development Programme
Primary Education 263"907 285"500 380"250
Secondary Education 471"474 664"930 1"298"786
Special Education 10"388 15"300 30"980
Grants and Aid for Education
Education Planning and Programming
Teacher Training and the Development 35"179 75"550 89"050
Framework
Institutional Support for Qualitative 18"500 23"500 31"000
Improvement in General Education
General Education Development Projects 2"879"270 2"677"310 2"271"391
Total 25"264"878 25"978"550 29"539"452
Cod
e
ProjectActual
Expenditure2009 (Rs. ‘000)
ExpectedExpenditure
2010 (Rs. ‘000)
EstimatedExpenditure
2011 (Rs. ‘000)
245
3.2.2. Table : Actual Expenditure of 2009, Expected Expenditure of 2010
and the Estimated Expenditure of 2011 of the Sri Lanka
Department of Examinations and the Department of Education
Publications coming under the Vote Head of the Ministry of
Education.
Recurrent Expenditure 1"450"079 1"283"460 1"668"877
2 Development Programme of
Department of Examination
Examination Evaluation 1"427"624 1"262"730 1"642"113
2 Development Programme of
Department of Education Publications
Establishment Services 22"455 20"730 26"764
Capital Expenditure 86"735 245"800 158"663
2 Development Programme of
Department of Examinations
Examination Evaluation 53"769 162"750 63"308
2 Development Programme of
Department of Education Publications
Establishment Services 32"966 83"050 95"355
Total 1"536"814 1"529"260 1"827"540
Cod
e Project
ActualExpenditure
2009(Rs. ‘000)
ExpectedExpenditure
2010(Rs. ‘000)
EstimatedExpenditure
2011 (Rs. ‘000)
246
3.2.3. Table : Actual Expenditure of2009, Expected Expenditure of 2010 and
the Estimated Expenditure of 2011 as a whole under the Vote
Head of the Ministry of Education.
3.2.1 - Primary and Secondary Education
The progress achieved in implementing the curriculum and in co-curricular
activities, in attaining the objectives, in primary and secondary education in the
development of human resources, while, safeguarding national identity on the one hand
and achieving the ability to face the challenge of global requirement is presented below in
concise compass.
• Primary Education
Providing physical resources to Primary Schools and Primary Sections in
Secondary Schools with the objective of ensuring essential learning competencies to all
students with the development of the primary school system as child friendly schools.
Capacity development of officers at provincial, zonal and divisional level and the training
of principals and teachers were implemented on a priority basis in 2010. Training of
Recurrent Expenditure 22"961"694 23"453"170 27"000"222
Capital Expenditure 3"839"998 4"054"640 4"366"770
Total 26"801"692 27"507"810 31"366"992
Source: Ministry of Education
Ministry of Education
ActualExpenditure
2009(Rs. ‘000)
ExpectedExpenditure
2010(Rs. ‘000)
EstimatedExpenditure
2011 (Rs. ‘000)
247
primary education officers on the multi-level, multi grade methodology, activity based En-
glish programme, promoting indusive education in the primary grades are among the
principal programmes to be implemented in 2011.
• English Language Education
With the objective of importing English language skills needed to discharge
the responsibilities one is entrusted with by successfully facing national and international
challenges, numerous professional programmes were implemented in 2010 for school
children, English teachers, teacher counselors and managers. It is special to implement in
2011 programme for the enhancement of the language skills of those who manage
education, student assistance programmes, assistance programmes in foreign languages
and programmes for the teaching of English with the use of Information Technology.
• Science and Mathematics Education
For the purpose of encouraging students to follow the science stream at the G.C.E.
(A/L) by improving the performance in science at the G.C.E. (O/L), the Ministry of
Education has designed a low cost Mobile Laboratory so that essential laboratory
facilities could be provided to both urban and rural schools. It is expected to make this
mobile laboratory available to 30 schools in the North and East in 2010 and 30 schools in
the Moneragala District and 200 schools in other parts of the country in 2011.
With a view to carrying the concept ‘Science for living’ to children, a programme
is being conducted in collaboration with the Sustainable Energy Authority. Programmes
are being implemented for different groups in association with 39 science centres. In
addition to these it is expected to implement programmes to promote inventions based on
science skills.
Mathematics sets and a book support in Mathematics have been distributed with
a view to improving Mathematics results at the G.C.E. (O/L). Compact discs covering
248
question papers in Science and Mathematics and including lessons in these areas have
been distributed in all the educational zones.
Programmes to enhance knowledge in the practical aspect of the science subjects
and skills in geometry were conducted for science teachers. It is hoped to further extend
student strengthening programmes for the purpose of improving the level of results in GCE
(O/L) Mathematics in 2011.
• Learning the National Language and a Second National Language
Among the activities undertaken in 2010 were language seminars, the conduct of
the all island language competitions and trial tests for the purpose of enhancing the literacy
and performance level of students through the promotion of the fourfold language skills.
The more efficient and productive preparation of materials for the teaching of Sinhala or
Tamil as a second language is planned. While teaching programmes for the more effective
teaching of national languages have been planned for 2011, the supply of teachers needed
for this purpose will also receive special attention.
• Aesthetic Education
Programmes for the promotion of skills of both teachers and students in regard to
art, dancing, eastern and western music, drama and acting have been conducted to awaken
the inherent creativity of girls and boys
as well as of teachers. This would lead
to the emergence of a skilled artistically
sensitive and creative society. Further,
with a view to displaying the talents
of students all island competitions
were held in these fields. Several
programmes such as all island competi-
tions, multi-craft centers, students’
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'Ves' festivals and “Sonduru Pubuduwa”
have been planned to be implemented in
2011.
• Agriculture and Technical Education
With the objective of producing a citizen equipped with skills relevant to national
needs and who can meet challenges, programmes such as ‘Kitchen aid’‘ Let us grow for
the country’s upliftment’, ‘New inventions from the school’, ‘Pioneering environment
groups’, ‘Save the earth’, ‘School farm’, ‘Urban agriculture’, ‘School medicinal parks’,
‘School weather centres’ have been conducted. In 2011 this programme will be planned
and implemented on a much wider scale.
250
• Information and Communication Technology Education
On the theme of Digital Bridge Through Education ,among the programmes
undertaken in 2010 with the objective of promoting the teaching of Information and
Communication Technology and using it as a teaching medium, the production of subject
related software, competitions in the
IT field, the One Laptop per Child
project, providing computer facilities
to schools, teacher training to handle
the subject IT at the G.C.E. (O/L) and
G.C.E. (A/L) are important. Among
the future programmes to be carried
out in 2010 – 2011 are the supply of
computers and accessories on a
priority basis to 26 National and 95
Provincial Schools, training teachers on the use of the Interactive White Board, the pro-
duction of subject related software for grades 6 – 11, free and open software training and
programmes for capacity development.
• Religious and Value Education
Among the programmes implemented in 2010 a programme to enhance the
performance in Buddhism at the G.C.E. (O/L) and the awareness programmes directed to
the promotion of ethical values may be mentioned. The meetings of the Buddhist, Hindu,
Islam, Catholic and Christian Advisory Boards will be held in 2011 and student supportive
workshops will be conducted along with the programmes for the promotion of mental
health. To commemorate the 2600 Buddha Jayanthi Anniversary which falls in 2011, the
Ministry of Education and affiliated institutions, provincial, zonal and divisional education
offices have all taken action to implement special programmes. The main objective of this
entire program is the promotion of good values among school children so as to produce
citizens with high ethical standards.
251
• Peace Education
The implementation of the inter-ethnic school friendship programme ‘Fostering
Affection’ launched with the objective of creating a generation of Sri Lankans imbued with
a sense of mutual understanding and friendship, construction of the war destroyed
Elephant Pass railway station- post of affection- ‘Friends of Two Cities’ with the objective
of the re-establishment of the damaged understanding between two communities were
among the main activities in 2010 in promoting Peace Education. At a time in our history
when inter- ethnic friendship needs to be cultivated, plans have been made to implement
special programmes relevant to this requirements.
• Co-curricular Activities, Student Guidance and Counseling
Numerous programmes were implemented in 2010 for directing the student
community towards healthy active and clever adulthood making them citizens capable of
overcoming challenges of the future successfully. Among them the preparation of the teachers’
guidance manual on career guidance, programmes for awareness creation on the
eradication of the drug menace among students and teachers, the Tower Hall drama
competition for schools all island deserve special reference. In 2011 it is proposed to
conduct career guidance courses in schools in the North and the East and programmes for
creating awareness among teachers and students, students of colleges of education and
officers on the true nature of tobacco and alcohol.
• Development of School Libraries
With a view to providing facilities to school children as an encouragement for them
to enhance their knowledge through books, funds will be given to 150 schools for the
purchase of books for libraries under the Book Flood Programme. It is intended to
conclude in 2010 the programmes for the provision of funds to 500 primary schools under
the Book Bags Programme, the establishment of library and teaching resources centres in
252
5 schools and the supply of furniture and equipment, making funds available to 339 Na-
tional Schools for the purchase of library books, supply of book packages to 100 schools
in the Moneragala District. It is planned to achieve this programme to many more schools
in 2011.
3.2.2 - Teacher Education and Professional Development
With the objective of bestowing upon the school system a generation of teachers
replete with skills pre-service and in-service teacher training programmes were
implemented embracing National Colleges of Education, Teachers Colleges and Teacher
Centres. In the recruitment of student teachers to National Colleges of Education
attention will be paid to give a greater weightage to teachers in subject areas where a
conspicuous shortage of teachers is experienced. It is anticipated, at the same time, to
change the content of the current curricula so as to make them better suit present day
requirements and to enhance the quality of education. Providing pre-service training to the
554 new teachers recruited to fill vacancies for teachers in the English medium, training of
untrained teachers in the system, implementation of teacher training programmes at Teacher
Centres already taking place in 2010 will be continued in 2011 as well.
3.2.3 - Non-formal Education
Non-school going children in the age range 5-14 years, the age limit for compulsory
education, have been identified and admitted to schools and literacy centres. Action was
taken to provide special educational opportunities to dropouts from the school system
youth, elders, prison detainees and children in disadvantaged environments. It is expected
to conduct, on a continuous basis, special programmes targeting various groups through
literacy, functional and community learning centres, ‘Nana Sarana’ community learning
centres for street children, and Non-formal learning centres.
253
The integration of non-school going children of the 5-14 age rangeof the population to schools and to centres of Non-formal
education, 2006-2010
As a result of the action taken by the Ministry of Education along with all the
Provincial Authorities, based on the conviction that education is a basic right of children, it
has been possible to integrate 56,280 non-school going children to schools and non-
formal education centres. This can be regarded as a notable achievement. At the same
time as stated in the vision for the future in Mahinda Chinthana the proposal to increase the
compulsory school leaving age to 16 is due to be implemented.
3.2.4 - Special Education
With the objective of providing facilities so that students with various defects and
special education needs, can develop their talents to the maximum, several major
programmes were implemented in 2010; accepting sign language as a medium of learning,
providing books in Braille to blind students, hearing aids and eye- glasses to students with
hearing and vision deficiencies, providing sets of equipment to special units in schools.
Meanwhile it is planned to implement special programmes in 2011 for children with
intelligence deficiencies.
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 - 2010
Total
8"968 12"796 14"027 15"064 5"425 56"280 Number admitted
Source : Ministry of Education
Year
254
3.2.5 - Education Development of the Northern Province
For the purpose of re-establishing the educational facilities which were adversely
affected by the 30 year long conflict, several important steps were taken by the Ministry of
Education with the Presidential Task Force and other relevant Ministries and Institutions.
To create an environment to ensure that
education activities of the displaced
and resettled children in the Northern
Province, are continued without any in-
terruptions, several special programmes
have been implemented of which the
following are among the most important:
♦ Re-opening of 233 schools which were closed by July 2010.
♦ Providing educational opportunities to 518 child soldiers who have been
rehabilitated.
♦ Preparing students for national level examinations by launching a programme
to teach lessons left and so that the full syllabus would be covered.
♦ Implementing the mid-day meal programme for 193,157 students in 885
schools.
♦ Rebuilding the destroyed schools and supplying the equipment needed.
♦ Implementing the Accelerated Learning Programme.
♦ Providing assistance to school children.
♦ Taking steps to develop 20 schools as ‘Isuru’ Schools.
♦ Making computers and accessories thereof available to computer teaching
centres.
255
For the purpose of implementing these programmes in addition to the consolidated
fund of the government, financial assistance has been provided by the World Bank, Asian
Development Bank, UNESCO, Save the Children and Koika.
Among the programmes due to be implemented in 2011 for the development of
education in the North the following needs specially mentioned;
♦ Establishment of Computer Units in 487 schools
♦ Providing furniture and equipment to 500 schools
♦ Establishment of teacher centers in the Vavuniya Zone
♦ Providing a computer training to 2500 teachers and 600 principals
♦ Training 13000 teachers
♦ Granting a financial award of Rs 100000 for schools development to 487
schools
♦ Implementing the mid day meal program in 875 schools.
♦ Providing water and sanitary facilities to 198 schools
3.2.6 - Development of plantation schools
Extra teaching programmes were conducted for the subjects Science, Mathemat-
ics and English to improve the education standards of plantation schools. It is intended to
create an awareness of multi-level and multi- grade teaching in plantation schools in edu-
cation officers, principals, teacher counselors and teachers. In addition external evalua-
tion activities will be started and the child friendly school concept introduced. It is a matter
for satisfaction that there is an increase in Grade V scholarship results and an improvement
in GCE (O/L) and GCE (A/L) results over the years.
256
3.2.7 - Development of Muslim Schools
Among the measures taken in 2010 to improve the educational standards of the
Muslim schools in all parts of the country, forwarding the necessary information for the
filling of teacher vacancies, to the teacher establishment branch, giving appointments to fill
vacancies for Mawlavi teachers, are particularly important. Several special activities are
envisaged for 2011: the training of Mawlavi teachers, making special teaching packages
available for subjects with low performance levels and implementing remedial programmes,
improvement of Muslim schools in difficult areas.
3.2.8 - School Evaluation and Supervision
For the purpose to ensuring the quality development in education based on skills
and standards, steps were taken to strengthen the internal evaluation in schools and to
formalize the system of external evaluation. Internal evaluation systems were activated in
4425 schools and quality indices of school education were prepared. To encourage the
internal evaluation process and to make it more systematic, training programmes were
conducted by the Line Ministry to Provincial and Zonal officers. It is expected in this way
to generate a strong evaluation reserve at all levels.
3.2.9 - The contribution of National Schools in the Development of theEducation System
With 341 National Schools in the country at present, a new strategic plan has beenprepared for the better management of their education and for their better administration.Accordingly for the establishment of a closer rapport with the Ministry of Education in2011, a supervising officer has been appointed for a group of 10 national schools. It willbe their function to keep the Ministry of Education informed about issues or problems thateach National School may face in respect of teachers, students, principal and humanresources in general on the one hand and physical resources including buildings on theother. Among his other functions, the further improvement of class room teachingextracurricular activities in the school, to suggest strategies for the solution of problemsrelated to deficits and surpluses of academic and non-academic staff, the problems thesecategories face and the ways of solving them as well the problems arising from theweaknesses in the principals administration. Through the implementation of a systematic
257
monitoring mechanism in associates with provincial authorities, is planned to implement a
special program in 2011 with a view to making the national schools a beam of light in the
country’s education firmament.
3.3 Education Services and EstablishmentMatters
3.3.1 - Strengthening the Administration and Management ofEducation
The Minutes governing the Sri Lanka Education Administrative Service, the Sri
Lanka Principals Service, the Sri Lanka Teacher Educators' Service and the Sri Lanka
Teachers Service have all been changed and forwarded for approval to the Salaries and
Cadres Commission.
♦ Sri Lanka Education Administrative Service
Interviews were held and selections were made to fill vacancies in Class I of the Sri
Lanka Education Administrative Service. Those selected have been duly appointed to
relevant posts. Steps have also been taken to fill in a proper manner forthcoming vacan-
cies in Class I. Action has been taken to fill 410 vacancies in Class III of the Sri Lanka
Education Administrative Service.
♦ Sri Lanka Principals Service
After a period of seven years, some recruitment was made to the Sri Lanka Prin-
cipals Service in 2009. Of these 1966 were appointed to Grade 2- 11, 1718 to Grade III.
The officers thus recruited were given appointments within the public service of the
different provinces to fill vacancies in National Schools in February 2010. While these
officers were appointed Deputy and Assistant Principals of National Schools, those
released to the Provincial Public Service were appointed as Principals and Deputy
Principals of Provincial Schools. The promotional process of the Sri Lanka Principals
Service was also operated in a formal and proper manner.
258
♦ Sri Lanka Teacher Educators' Service
Steps were taken to fill 235 vacancies in the Sri Lanka Teacher Educators'
Service in 2010. Also promotions to Class I and Class 2-1 of the Sri Lanka Teacher
Educators' Service were also made in 2010. New lecturers are due to be appointed to fill
208 vacancies in Class III in 2011.
♦ Sri Lanka Teachers' Service
Arrangements have been made to remove salary anomalies in the Sri Lanka
Teachers Service and to make promotions in a proper manner. It is expected that in the
coming year quick action will be taken to effect the annual transfers, to bring about a
balance of teachers in the National School System, to transfer to another school, with a
view to enhancing their own efficiency and that of the school system, teachers who have
been in the same school for over 8 years. While 3228 new teaching appointments were
given in 2010, in 2011, 8874 new teachers are due to be recruited to satisfy subject
requirements.
3.3.2 - Human Resource Development
With the objective of providing local and foreign training to the different categories
of officers who can be considered as the guiding force of the Sri Lankan education system
towards the knowledge based society, in 2010, 184 officers of Class III of the Sri Lanka
Education Administration Service were trained while a further 250 officers are due to be
exposed to such a training. In the near future, the training of officers in Class I of the Sri
259
Lanka Education Administrative Service will be undertaken. In addition several training
programmes for English and Sinhala as well as in the computer field will be carried out.
3.4 Provision of Education Services andStudent Welfare Programmes
3.4.1 - Supply of School Uniforms
In 2010, materials for uniforms were provided to 3,890,591 students from 9,662
schools throughout the country. Material for saffron robes has been provided to 35,451
student Bhikkus of Pirivenas. The total expenditure incurred for the supply of uniform
material is Rs. 1,260 million.
3.4.2 - Providing School Textbooks
In 2010 some 25.39 million copies of 433 categories of textbooks were
distributed to the Schools, Pirivenas and Colleges of Education in the country.
3.4.3 - Scholarships to School Children
Every year student bursaries are provided to 15,000 students who pass the Grade
5 Scholarship Examination. Taking into consideration the problems that had arisen due to
the student bursary funds not being made available in time, steps have already been taken
to obtain the funds needed from the Treasury.
In 2010, skilled students studying in Grades 10-13 handicapped by economic
difficulties were given 6,160 ‘Sisu Diriya (Encouraging Students)’ scholarships under the
Asian Development Bank funds.
260
3.4.4 - The School Mid-day Meal Programme and the Health
Promotion Programme
The provision of mid-day meals to 74,012 students from 6,276 schools under the
Mahinda Chintana Programme and to 315,442 students from 1,357 schools under the
Food for Education Programme is an ongoing activity. The implementation of the School
Health Promotion and the HIV/AIDS Prevention Programme, the health promotion
programme for the primary section as well as several other programmes are expected to
be implemented in 2011.
3.4.5 - Construction of School Buildings
The following activities will be completed in 2010 with investments of Rs.
793 million from the Consolidated Fund and Rs. 135 million under World Bank assis-
tance.
♦ Bringing to an end work which has continued in 304 projects.
♦ The construction of buildings to house the Vavuniya Information Technol-
ogy Centre as well as for the library, the computer units and hostels.
♦ Completion of work in 35 National Colleges of Education
Among the Programmes due to be completed in 2011 are the following :
♦ Recommencement of work in 103 constructions out of 204 that had come
to a standstill.
♦ Improving the sanitation facilities in National Schools
♦ Construction work in the new National School being built at Homagama
♦ Construction of 9 two storied bachelors quarters in Isuru Schools
♦ Completion of Stages I and II of the school text book stores complex
261
3.4.6 Table : Goods and Services purchased through the Procurement
Division of the Ministry of Education
Purchase of Computers and accessories for National Schools 27'0
Purchase of Science and Laboratory equipment for schools 10'0
Purchase of aesthetic equipment for National Schools 27'0
Purchase of furniture for National Schools and for New Model
Primary Schools 13'0
Purchase of equipment for technical education for National Schools 8'0
Purchase of furniture for National Schools 37'0
Purchase of office equipment for National Schools 2'5
Purchase of furniture for pirivenas 4'8
Purchase of Library books for Pirivenas 4'5
Purchase of furniture for School Libraries 3'7
Purchase of aesthetic education equipment for new Model Primary
Schools 2'5
Purchase of computers for Primary Schools 4'5
Purchase of DVD players for the Aesthetic Sections of National Schools 3'4
Supply of computers and accessories to School Libraries 2'0
Supply of furniture to School Libraries 1'0
Supply of Science and Laboratory equipment to Schools 50'0
Printing of books relevant to Health and Nutrition in Schools 1'2
Purchase of a van to the School Building Section 7'05
Purchase of equipment for English Support Centres 6'0
Supply equipment to Northern Province Computer Training Centre 3'0
Supply of equipment to the Planning and Performance Division 4'0
Purchase of computers and accessories to the Information and
Communication section 2'6
Supply of a van to the Information and Communication Section 4'2
Service / Item of GoodsValue Rs.
Mn.
262
Supply of multi-media equipment to school libraries and non-formal
education centres 1'8
Supply of necessary equipment to non-formal education centres 2'0
Purchase of computer equipment to National Schools at
Nakkawatta and Kataragama 5'1
Supply of Bar Code Scanners Printers and relevant Soft ware to
School Libraries 2'55
Printing of guidelines on National Education Standards 3'5
Printing of ‘Help in Mathematics’ Book 1'4
Printing of Books relevant for Bi-lingual Education 4'0
Supply of equipment to the computer laboratory for
IT Section 8'0
For the construction of 5 school library buildings 40'0
Establishment of 3 Computer Centres 27'0
Construction of the first stage of the Stores Complex, 25'0
Department of Publications
Construction of a Hostel at the Computer Centre in the Northern 37'0
Province
Supply of computer equipment to schools 88'0
Service / Item of GoodsValue Rs.
Mn.
263
3.5 Institutions coming under purview of theMinistry of Education
3.5.1 - National Institute of Education
The role of the National Institute of Education (NIE) is to develop the curriculum
with a view to enable the learners to realize their potential to contribute to social economic
and cultural development of Sri Lanka. Among the objectives of NIE are enhancement of
professionalism and conducting research to improve the quality of education, develop-
ment policies conducive to a productive and efficient educational system, strengthening the
human resources to overcome obstacles to speedy development and making Sri Lanka a
center of Learning as envisaged by the Mahinda Chinthana.
The Quality and Relevance of Education
• Seventy four (74) teachers’ guides have been prepared and 9,000 teachers have
been trained to assist in teaching according to GCE (A/L) curriculum prepared to
be implemented from 2010.
• 27,000 copies of teacher hand books and text books for the ‘English for All’
programme are now under preparation.
Educational Leadership Development and Teacher Education
• A teacher training course for 7,000 untrained non-graduate teachers has commenced
in 42 centers situated island wide. Diploma in Education course is followed by
8,050 untrained graduate teachers.
• Thirty six (36) educational radio programmes have been produced and relayed.
• The programmes implemented in the North and the East for sustainable teacher
development dedicated to social cohesion has been strengthened.
264
Ensuring Education for All
• Held a seminar with the representatives of SAARC countries on distance education
and open system of learning.
• 700 TV educational programme were broadcast through ‘Nenasa’ channel.
• For 795 persons who lost the opportunities for education, opportunities were
provided to follow the foundation course for open secondary education.
Research, Planning and Development
• Releasing of results on the vertical and horizontal integration of the new curriculum
• A better guidance of Sri Lankan teachers and students based on the first lorgitudinal
study on Sri Lankan school children
Main activities due to be undertaken in 2011
• Implementation of capacity development programmes for teachers of grade 7-11
and grade 12-13
• Identification of the essential learning competencies in all core subjects stipulated
for secondary education
• Introduction of clinical teaching for the first key stage of primary education
• Identification of content of primary subjects for future reforms
• Updating curricular and professional development of National Colleges of Education
and Teacher Colleges.
• Preparation of learning materials for open secondary learning.
• Provide assistance services for the education of children in special needs, their
parents, teachers and field officers
Expenditure expected in 2010 - Rs. 405 million
Estimated expenditure for 2011 - Rs. 587 million
265
3.5.2 - Sri Lanka Department of Examinations
Directing the educational achievements and certification by using evaluation
instruments and techniques in a ways that ensure reliability and validity in keeping with
national requirements is the responsibility of the Sri Lanka Department of Examinations.
Activities that have been accomplished so far and expected to be accom-
plished during the year 2010.
• Preparation of question paper structure and question paper prototypes for G.C.E.
(A/L) Examination scheduled to be held in 2011 under the new syllabus.
• Preparation of evaluation reports in relation to G.C.E. (O/L) 2009.
• Preparation of question papers conducting the examinations, evaluation of answer
scripts and issue of results of the examinations :Grade 5 Scholarship, G.C.E.(O/L)
examinations and other examination leading to issue of certificates, examinations
for promotion, efficiency bar examinations, examinations for recruitment.
• Items bank / holding of pre-examinations for G.CE(A/L) and analysis of data.
• Preparation of sample question papers for seminars on G.CE(O/L) held to assist
the students and issuing of these question papers to the Provinces.
• Installation of a new system of computers.
• Conducting research on Mathematics subject for G.CE(O/L) and preparation of
reports regarding same.
Special tasks targeted to be performed in 2011
• Prepare a guide books for G.CE(A/L) examination and distribute it to schools.
• Analyse the examinations results and question papers and distribute reports on
same among those who prepare model question papers, formulators of policies in
the education sector and schools.
266
• Conduct seminars at national level on G.CE(O/L), G.CE(A/L) and Grade 5
Scholarship examinations.
• Prepare evaluation reports on G.CE(O/L) and G.CE(A/L) and distribute them among
schools.
Expected Expenditure in 2010 - Rs. 1,758 million
Estimated Expenditure for 2011 - Rs. 1,705 million
3.5.3 - Department of Educational Publications
Contributing to the development of a virtuous educated citizenry through the ad-
vancement of the qualitative aspects of education by providing text books free of charge
and the supply of other books including work books, translations, technical glossaries,
supplementary readers, dictionaries, audio visual equipment and other aids is the mission
of the Department of Educational Publications.
The achievements during 2010 and the tasks to be accomplished during 2010 are
given below in brief:
• Nearly 25.39 million text books under 433 categories were published for use in
Schools, Pirivenas and Colleges of Education.
• Under 393 categories 3.2 million copies of teachers’ guides were published.
• A paper quality testing machine was purchased to test the quality of the paper
material used to print text books.
• The building of the first block of the Stores Complex planned to be built in Pitipana,
Homagama was completed.
• Eleven (11) sessions were held for the provincial educational authorities for awareness
raising with a view to update the distribution of text books and overcoming the
shortage of text books in areas where resettlement is done in the North and the
East.
267
• Steps have been taken to print 96 categories of teachers guides for year 13,
depending on the needs.
• Steps were taken to improve the attitudes on text book used by awareness raising,
media programmes, competitions for students and giving prizes to the students who
make good use of text books. By these means the reuse of text books during 2010
has been raised to 23%.
• CDs were used to prepare text books and these were included in departmental
web site in order to encourage use of information technology for the
teaching – learning process and self education.
• Commencement of the stage II of the stores complex at a cost of Rs. 25 million has
been planned. Establishment of connections between the Head Office and the
stores through a computer network in order to systematize the distribution process
is contemplated.
• Purchase of equipment to enhance the quality of text books has been planned.
Tasks expected to be undertaken in 2011
• Rewrite and publish the text books for Grade 6 and 10 which are defective in many
respects.
• Produce compact discs relevant to text books with animation and distribute them
island wide.
• Prepare and print question papers, answers and reviews relevant to Grade 5
Scholarship examination, G.CE(O/L) and G.CE(A/L) examinations and sell at
reasonable prices.
• Obtain permission to publish high quality books of international standards and
translate them to Sinhala and Tamil.
• Completion of the remaining section of the stores complex.
268
• Introduce a new bag conducive to students’ health in keeping with medical
recommendations to the schools system with effect from 2011.
• Take steps to increase the reuse of text books up to 35%.
Expected Expenditure in 2010 - Rs. 3,936 million
Estimated Expenditure for 2011 - Rs. 3,340 million
3.5.4 - National Library and Documentation Services Board
Being the primary national institution in the field of library and information in Sri
Lanka and the Center of a nationwide modern library and information network is the
mission of National Library and Documentation Board.
The achievements up to date 2010 and the tasks expected to be accomplished
in 2010: Holding book exhibitions, enhancing awareness on the resources and services of
the National Library, Publication of the National Bibliography, documentation and
preservation activities, implementation of book assistance project, publication of classical
books, training of librarians, implementation of the programmes on national reading month,
development of rural libraries and the development of libraries damaged by the war and
Tsunami were the tasks successfully undertaken by the Board.
Expected Expenditure in 2010 - Rs. 98 million
Estimated Expenditure for 2011 - Rs. 130 million
3.5.5 - Sri Lanka Book Development Board
Standardization of books published in Sri Lanka, motivation of writers,
enhancement of reading habit, improvement of the use of libraries, development of children’s’
books and preservation of rare books are the main functions of the Sri Lanka Book
Development Board.
The achievements up to date and the tasks expected to be accomplished in
2010. Presentation of a wards to enlightened readers, supervision of rare books, publica-
269
tion of a book on separation of words and configuration of characters in the Sinhala
language, signing of contracts on preparation of books for children and award of financial
assistance, purchasing books under the programme to assist writers and the issue of books
to school libraries are the duties performed by the Board. These programmes will be
implemented without a break during 2011.
Expected Expenditure in 2010 - Rs. 16.8 million
Estimated Expenditure for 2011 - Rs. 9.5 million
3.5.6 - Sri Lanka National Commission for UNESCO
This organization co-ordinates different programmes implemented in Sri Lanka
for the advancements in the field of Education, Science, Culture, Mass Media and Com-
munication with assistance from UNESCO International and Regional Organizations.
The programmes implemented with the Ministry of Education in 2010 can be
described as follows:
• Enhance awareness on education for peace and sustainable development in schools
and the community.
• Training on hardware and networking solutions in schools.
• Implement programmes with the collaboration of the Tower Hall Foundation for
the enhancement of aesthetic capabilities among school children in difficult areas.
• Distribution of equipment required for drawing among 300 children.
• Distribution of 100 Galileo Telescopes among 100 schools and providing training
on the use of this instrument.
• Providing sponsorship for officers for their foreign training.
270
3.6 Investment of Foreign Aid forEducational Development
This Chapter describes in brief the investment of foreign aid by international banks
and different development institutions during the 2010-2011 via the Ministry of Education.
3.6.1 Table - Investment of Foreign aid for Educational Development
2010-2011
World Bank Grant for the Education 527'1 133'0
Sector Development Programme
Asian Development Bank • Secondary Education 700'0
Modernization Project
• Education for Knowledge 1310'0 1974'2
Society Project
UNICEF Annual Work Plan 43'0 14'0
G.T.Z. Education for Social Integration 10'0 10'5
Programme
UNESCO Annual Work Plan 11'2 11'7
Save the Children Annual Programme 16'0 2'8
Education Sector
Development Framework Stage II 100'0
and Programme
Source : Ministry of Education
ProgrammeSourceAnnual
Investment
2010Rs. Mn
2011Rs. Mn
271
3.6.1 - World Bank Aids for the Education Sector Development
Framework and Programme
Education Sector Development Framework and Programme is implemented un-
der 04 themes. The awards made by the World Bank for same are given as follws.
Programme Period : 21st February 2006 – 30th June 2011
Total Investment : US $ 60 Million (Grant)
US $ 10 Million (Concessionary loan)
Disbursement Ratio : 83% (by 2010)
3.6.2 Table : World Bank aids through Education Sector Development
Grant and Additional Financing -2010
Contd. ''''''''''''''''''''''''
Ministry of Education 261'00 65'00 326'00
National Institute of Education 50'00 35'00 85'00
Sri Lanka Department of Examinations 120'00 120'00
Educational Publications Department 50'00 50'00
Western Province 120'00 33'00 153'00
Central Province 125'00 35'00 160'00
Southern Province 125'00 35'00 160'00
Northern Province 240'00 60'00 300'00
Eastern Province 245'00 40'00 285'00
North Western Province 125'00 35'00 160'00
North Central Province 125'00 25'00 150'00
Uva Province 125'00 35'00 160'00
Allocation (Rs. Mn.)
Educational SectorDevelopmentGrant(ESDG)
AdditionalFinancing
(AF)Total
Institution /
Province
272
Theme 1 : Promoting equitable access to primary and secondary education
Ensuring the policy of free education.
With this objective in mind, in the year 2010 the government has incurred an
expenditure of Rs.2,200 million for the provision of free textbooks to all school children;
an expenditure of Rs.1,260 million for the supply of school uniforms; Rs 125 million, for
scholarships and students bursaries; Rs 2275 million for the supply of mid day meals and
an expenditure of Rs 2.20 million for children with special education needs.
Non-formal and Special Education
While the school admission committees have been activated with a view to en-
forcing rules and regulations pertaining to compulsory education, steps were taken to
ensure the admission of non-school going children to the formal school system or to insti-
Allocation (Rs. Mn.)
Sabaragamuwa Province 125'00 35'00 160'00
Finance Commission 20'00 20'00
National Education Commission 5'00 5'00
Department of the National Budget 4'00 4'00
Department of National Planning 5'00 5'00
Department of External Resources 2'00 2'00
Faculty of Education-University ofPeradeniya
Faculty of Education-Open University 2'00 2'00
Total 1874'00 433'00 2307'00
Source : Ministry of Education
Educational SectorDevelopmentGrant(ESDG)
AdditionalFinancing
(AF)Total
Institution /
Province
''''''''''''' from pg. 271
273
tutes of non- formal education or to special education schools or units, Also, while the
resources necessary for the learning teaching process in non-formal education institutions
were provided, capacity building programs were also implemented. It may be noted in
particular that many programs have been conducted for the benefit of children with special
educational needs.
Provision of basic facilities necessary for schools and learning space of a high
quality
Requirements in respect of provincial council schools were provided through
provincial councils and in respect of national schools through the line ministry. National
and emergency requirements were also satisfied by the live monitoring. While money from
the consolidated fund for the provision of basic facilities to school- such as, water, sanitary
facilities, electricity and class rooms, for higher order learning spaces such as ICT centers,
laboratories, mathematics and language laboratories, the fund for educational sector
development grant and additional financing funds are used.
Theme 2 : Improving the quality of primary and secondary education
• The financial resources needed for the implementation of programs for national
curriculum development and facilities for capacity and human resources development
are provided directly to the National Institution of Education from the Education
Sector Development Grant and additional financing.
• The implementation of the national curriculum is carried out under the different
subjects.
Enhancing of levels of access to learning
• Supply of science equipment to Type 2 schools under the Education Sector
Development Grant.
274
• Supply of equipment needed to Regional English Support Centers (Yakarawatte,Bibile, Mannar)
• Implementation of the English teaching programmes through regional radiobroadcasts
• For the provision of education facilities on a bi-lingual basis, the implementation ofcapacity building and teacher development programmes and conducting of quicklearning camps were carried out.
Implementation of the Development of Information Technology Subject
• Programmes for the promotion of teacher training (training of 237 hardwareinstructors, training of 40 teachers under the interactive white board project, trainingof 700 ICT teachers for the GCE A/L)
• Implementation of the One Laptop Per Child(OLPC) programme(supply ofcomputers and teacher training programmes, preparation of complier programmes)
• Establishment of school computer centers at the Kalmunai Kaamal Fathima College,the Welimada Central College, the Nakkawatta Central Colege and the KataragamaCentral College.
• Establishment of a Provincial ICT Center for the Northern Province at Vavuniyaunder supplementary financing.
• Supply of computers and computer accessories to schools.
Development of school libraries
• Supply of library books and supplementary readers with a view to promoting thereading habit among school children.
• Provision school based grants to small schools under supplementary financing for
the supply of school bags.
275
• Making grants available to schools under the Book Flood Scheme for the purchase
of library books by the schools themselves.
• School libraries were constructed under line ministry funds at Princess of Wales
College Moratuwa , Central College Jaffna, Alhar Muslim Central College Batticaloa,
UB Wanninayake Central College Galgamuwa and the Bibile Wellassa Central
College.
• Implementation of quality and management programmes in schools
• Implementation of programmes with relevant to first and second languages
• Implementation of peace education and national integration programmes
Teacher education programme
• Implementation of teacher training development framework and school based
teacher training programmes.
• Provide grants to National Colleges of Education, Teachers colleges and Teacher
centers for compliers, Learning equipment and building repair work.
• Provide grants to Faculties/Departments of Education in the Universities of Colombo
and Peradeniya and the Open University for capacity building, human resource
development and research activities
Improving Evaluation and Examination activities
• Preparation of Examination guides
• Establishment of an item bank
• Providing high capacity computer facilities for data storage
• Implementation of capacity building and human resources development programs
276
Enhancing the quality level of subject contents in textbooks
• The first stage of the stores complex at Pitipana has been completed with Rs. 29
million from the Education Sector Development grant.
• Implementation of capacity building and human resources development programmes
• Promotion of the subject contents of text books.
• Making textbooks available to student on time
Theme 3 : Enhancing economic efficiency and equity in resource allocation.
Education policies, planning and budgeting
• Preparation of medium term and short term plans
• Preparation of the medium term budgeting framework
• Preparation of programs for capacity building and human resources development
in respect of provincial and national level officers on planning.
• Making schools grants to 100 schools on a pilot basis
• Introducing amendments to circulars pertaining to schools finances so as to better
adapt them to future development needs of education.
• Preparation of a results based monitoring framework; implementation of monitoring
and feedback programs.
277
Carrying out basic and policy related activities needed for the second medium
term stage of the Education Sector Developments Framework; Relevant
coordinators with state institutions and development partners.
• Performing the basic activities needed for the development of secondary schools
as envisaged in the Mahinda Chinthana
• Performing the functions related to the establishment of a continuous monitoring
system of public finance and education quality
• For 2010, the Ministry of Education has set apart.
- 3 % from the recurrent expenditure head for activities and inputs for
higher order functions
- 45% from the capital expenditure head for higher order learning space
and capital assists.
- 15% from the capital expenditure head for maintenance
Research and schedules
Theme 4 : Strengthening governance and service delivery
• Implementing the school development programme in 18 zones in 2010
• Introducing the school development program to all other zones
• Programs for Human Resources development
Providing infrastructure facilities
• Purchasing vehicles for the Ministry of Education
• Purchasing vehicles for provincial Ministries/Departments
278
• Modernization and improvement of office facilities in national and provincial level
educational institutions
• Purchasing vehicles for the Department of Education Publications
3.6.2 - Secondary Education Modernization Project Funded by the
Asian Development Bank
Objective of the Project :
Providing school children with opportunities for good quality higher secondary
education which accords equal and appropriate prospects of learning that prepares them
to the needs of the market for employment.
Financial Investment
Total investment on the project Rs. 5,250 million
Investment up to 30 September 2010 Rs. 5,025 million
Financel Progress 96%
The prospective date for completion of project is 31 December 2011.
Work accomplished and expected to be completed in 2010.
• The Northern Province school development financial grant are expected to be
distributed among 487 secondary schools in the Northern Province by awarding
Rs. 100,000/= to each school. Up to date 345 schools have been given Rs.
100,000/= each. These funds have been used by the schools according to plans
prepared by them to solve their problems of maintenance, water, electricity and
sanitary requirements.
279
• Action is being taken to purchase high quality educational software kits prepared
on six (06) main subjects in Grades 10 and 11 syllabi and make them available to
schools. The software kits were prepared by special resource persons.
• Action has been taken to provide laboratory equipment to G.C.E. (O/L) and G.C.E.
(A/L) laboratories of 157 schools under the “Uthuru Vasanthaya” programme.
• Urgently required development work of 56 schools has been completed.
• 6160 Sisu Diriya Scholarships were offered thereby increasing the total number of
scholarships to 50,000.
• Programmes have been planned in assosiation with the President Fund to cover a
further 20 e-villages. As such by providing complete units of technological equipment
worth Rs.45 milion to 50 e-villages, action has been taken to extend IT education
to an ever brodening area.
• The total number of Sisu Diriya Scholarships increased to 50,000 with the award
of scholarships to 6160 students. The achievement level of these students at Grade
10 – 13 was high but they were affected by adverse economic conditions.
• Action has been taken to achieve the taget of providing 25,000 opportunities for
professional development to teachers through Computer Assited Learning /
International Computer Driving License (CAL/CDL)
3.6.3 - Education for Knowledge Society Project funded by the Asian
Development Bank
Objective of the Project :
Conduct an educational programme specially designed for the secondary schools
with a view to equip the younger generation with capabilities appropriate for the
employment while paying attention at the same time to the ethical quality of education and
relevance to other social aspects.
280
Details of financial investment :
Total investment in the project - Rs. 11,267.0 million
Investment as at 30 September 2010 - Rs. 2,168.8 million
Estimated expenditure for 2011 - Rs. 4,250.0 million
Tasks accomplished and envisaged to be accomplished during 2010.
• Computer Learning Centers and School Net facility were provided for 1500 Type
2 schools in addition to the number of schools already having these facilities.
• Scholarships worth Rs. 10,000 each were awarded to 1250 students following
professional training courses.
• CAL/ ICDL training scholarships were awarded to 7600 teachers and the relevant
training has already commenced.
• e-citizen training scholarships have been awarded to 2000 Education Officers and
Principals and the relevant training activities have already commenced.
• The Excellence Center for English at Peradeniya (NCOE) which is well recognized
and an excellent institution for English learning launched professional development
courses based on learning of the English Language. As a part of this programme
the teachers and education officers were provided financial assistance to improve
their skills in the use of the English Language. The number of persons who benefitted
from this assistance by following their three month training programme was 551.
• A competition on developing educational software at National and Provincial level
was organized and the number of entries by teachers and students exceeded 80,000
in 2010. The winners at National Level will be providerd with opportunities to
compete an international level in due course.
• Furniture was provided for 125 secondary schools in Northern Province under the
‘Uthuru Vasanthaya’ programme.
281
• Computer accessories and furniture was provided to 500 secondary schools in the
Northern Province.
• The purchasing of training modules and necessary accompaniments for 9000 students
following technical training courses and the provision of training opportunities for
2046 students have been planned.
• It is planned to offer ‘Sisu Diriya’ Scholarship in 2010 to a further 7500 grade 12
students in difficult economic circumstances who have shown high learning skills
• The erection of 30 computer units in type 2 schools has been planned.
Development of Secondary Schools (Isuru)
• The school from each Divisional Secretariat mostly effected by proverty, selected
by the use of the poverty index, making a total of 104 schools covering all districts
is targeted for development under ‘Isuru Schools’ programme. Each school is
allocated Rs. 35 million. These funds will be used to construct new buildings and
repair the buildings available at present combined with infrastructure development.
These schools will thus be converted to attractive prestigious secondary schools
with facilities to persue studies in all the streams at G.C.E. (A/L).
282
• Estimates amounting to Rs. 832 million have been prepared for 72 schools within
the period January to August 2010 out of which contracts amounting to Rs. 670
million have been awarded.
• Work on 10 Isuru schools has been completed.
• It has been launched the programme of empowering Isuru schools by the
implementation of special quality programmes with the expertise of National Institute
of Education, Excellent center for English of Peradeniya and Distance Learning
Centre.
Activities planned for the year 2011
• Awarding scholarships amounting to Rs. 10,000/= each to 5,000 more students,
who are following vocational training programmes.
• Awarding scholarships amounting to Rs. 5,000/= each to 7,500 more students in
Grade 11 and 13, in difficult economic circumstances.
• Action is being taken to provide computers, computer accessories, furniture and
other equipment to Type 2 schools and Isuru schools. This project envisages the
improvement of computer literacy among children and the development of a pleasant
teaching environment.
• Plans have been prepared to award IPICT training scholarships to 7,000 more
teachers, the objective of the programme being the popularization of the use of ICT
as a tool for learning in the teaching – learning environment in a productive manner.
• Financial aid will be given to general health education programmes and HIV/ AIDS
education programmes. The objective of these programmes is to enable the
development of a healthy generation of students.
• Plans have been prepared to install 52 computer units in Type 2 schools.
283
Development of Secondary Schools (Isuru)
• Plans have been prepared at a cost of Rs. 750 million to complete the balance
estimates of construction pertaining to 104 schools. In addition, plans have been
prepared to award the balance construction work at a cost of Rs.1600 million.
Accordingly, the expected financial progress is Rs.1400 million. Construction work
of 35 schools will be completed within the year 2011 and these will thereafter be
handed over to the teachers and students.
• It is planned to provide furniture, equipment for GCE(AL) laboratories, computers
and accessories for Computer Centers to Isuru schools.
• Each Isuru school will be awarded a minimum amount of Rs. 100,000/- in order to
prepare and implement development programmes at school level for the purpose
of qualitative improvement of education. Encouragement of educational improvement
at school level is the objective of this programme. A special feature of this programme
is the opportunity accorded to each school to double the award given depending
on the achievement level of the school.
3.6.4 - Programme receiving UNICEF Assistance
UNICEF provided financial assistance to several programme implemented through
many branches of the Ministry of Education. These programmes are briefly described
below.
• Awareness on the risk of land mines : Learning material and hand books were
distributed among school children in areas where the ethnic conflicts prevailed in
order to enhance their awareness about the risk caused by land mines.
• Accelerated Learning Programme : Teaching materials was prepared and
teachers were trained to implement the Accelerated Learning Programme in the
Northern Province.
284
• Education on disaster management : A programme on disaster preparedness
was implemented in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. Five (05) schools destroyed
by Tsunami were reconstructed.
• Financial aid was provided to the ‘Education for All’ branch for the purpose of
conducting a series of programmes on statistical capacity building. The programmes
were aimed at providing the knowledge and skills required by provincial and zonal
officers on the use of date and information for regulatory work.
• Based on the recommendations of the studies on “ Catch up Education’ and “Study
on School Dropouts”, basic literacy training programmes were conducted and
learning material for children in literacy classes was provided with UNICEF
assistance. The non-formal education officers were given 12 bicycles for the
purpose of regulating non-formal educational activities at divisional level.
• UNICEF aid has been granted to 1,500 schools for the purpose of building ‘Child
Friendly’ concept and broadening the areas of its application in the context of primary
education. The extension of this concept to all the schools in future is envisaged.
The investment during the year 2010 is about Rs. 35 million.
3.6.5 - Education for Social Integration programme implemented with
GTZ (German Technical Cooperation) Programme
Providing children with skills required for all to live in peace in a multi-ethnic and
multi-lingual society via education and psycho-social protection is the objective of this
programme. The relevant activities are ;
♦ Assist the implementation of the national policy on learning for social integration
through the school curriculum.
285
♦ Provide teacher training on teaching of Sinhala / Tamil as the second language.
♦ Provide teacher training on teaching of English as a foreign language.
♦ Provide education and training to school children on disaster preparedness,
prevention of disasters and minimization of disasters.
♦ Enable participation in co-curricular courses prepared on the basis of the need to
persuade the children in areas affected by conflicts and poverty to re-enter the
schools or providing them pre – occupational capabilities.
♦ Give priority to improve the mental health of children and their families who were
living in areas affected by conflicts.
286
Chapter 04
Analysis based on Educational Data andMeasurements
4.1 Introduction
Information is presented here related to some data and measurements selected in
a manner that highlights the overall picture of general education. In the main, basic
statistical information about the education system, information on student performance
and the way in which national wealth is invested on education, are presented below.
287
4.2 Basic Statistical Information on GeneralEducation
4.2.1 Table - Number of Government Schools in Sri Lanka 2005 - 2009
** Note : At the time of the 2009 school census – 1st June – all Government schools
in Kilinochchi and Mullativu Districts and some schools in the Mannar
and Vavuniya schools remained temporarily closed.
According to the above information a gradual and slight reduction of the number
of schools can be seen; what has happened in the system is that schools with very few
students have been amalgamated with another school close by.
Year and the Number of Schools
Western 1356 1353 1351 1340 1340
Central 1466 1467 1464 1459 1460
Southern 1097 1093 1096 1094 1098
Northern 888 892 890 877 597
Eastern 972 971 948 969 985
North Western 1224 1221 1220 1218 1219
North Central 781 782 776 774 776
Uva 830 831 831 832 831
Sabaragamuwa 1109 1104 1102 1099 1104
Sri Lanka 9723 9714 9678 9662 9410**
* Provisional
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
Province 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
288
4.2.2 Table – Number of Private Schools and Perivenas 2005 – 2009
The statistics given above show a small increase in the numbers of both private
schools and Pirivanas.
4.2.3 Table - Number of Teachers in Government Schools 2005 - 2009
Western 38038 41410 42033 41349 40217
Central 27260 29760 32095 32035 30792
Southern 26173 28408 29137 29565 29404
Northern 11360 13363 12195 12387 11263
Eastern 15760 17530 17233 17565 19861
North Western 25105 26323 26808 26978 27417
North Central 11968 12570 12491 14138 14561
Uva 14839 15646 16453 17339 18492
Sabaragamuwa 18731 20819 21756 21856 21687
Sri Lanka 189234 205829 210201 213212 213694**
Provisional*
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
Private
School
Pirivenas
Category 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
85 91 94 92 98
653 654 658 691 697
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
Provisional*
Province 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
289
** Note (1) : All Government schools in the Killinochchi and Mullativu Districts
and some in Mannar and Vavuniya Districts were temporarily closed
by the date of the census, 01.06.2009.
Note (II) : When the 2009 census was conducted, new teachers at the Teachers
Colleges and New English medium teachers were not included. With
these the total figure for teachers would be about 216614.
4.2.1 Graph – The Increase in the Total Number of Teachers
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
When compared with the year 2005, by the year 2009, the increase in the total
number of teachers was 27,380. As a percentage, this is a growth of 14%. As such, while
a considerable increase in the number of teachers is shown, the question of posting teach-
ers to ensure their optimum utilization would be further addressed.
.No.
of T
each
ers
Year
290
4.2.4 Table – Number of Teachers in Private Schools and in Pirivenas
According to the above information a growth is reflected in the number of
Teachers in Private schools and Pirivenas as well as in the Government schools.
4.2.5 Table - Recruitment of New Teachers : Number recruited in 2010and recruitments due to be made in 2011
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Private 5,000 5,266 5,414 5,454 5,701
School
Pirivenas 5,481 5,528 5,593 5,744 5,943
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
Recruitment of Teachers 2010 Recruitment due to be made in 2011
National Colleges of National Colleges of
Education 2543 Education 3021
Diplomates Diplomates
Graduate Teachers 174 Western Music 200
Maulawi Teachers 111 Maulawi Teachers 212
English Medium Teachers 410 Dhamma Teachers 2267
Aesthetics Teachers 3174
Total 3238 Total 8874
Source : Ministry of Education
Teacher Category No.
RecruitedTeacher Category
No.
Proposed
291
3238 new teachers have been recruited to the system in 2010. They were recruited
in such a way as to cover subjects in respect of which there was a shortage of teachers. It
is hoped to recruit 8874 new teachers in 2011. In this instance too the focus is the coverage
of subjects where a teacher shortage is experienced.
4.2.6 Table - The Growth of Graduate Teachers within the Total Numberof Teachers
4.2.2 Graph – The growth of graduate teachers as a percentage of totalnumber of teachers
%
Year
Year
2006 68705 33.57
2007 72374 34.59
2008 73549 34.67
2009 77223 35.75
Source : Ministry of Education
Growth in the number of
graduate teachers
The growth in the number of
graduate teachers in the Total
number of teachers (%)
292
With the enhancement of the quality of education as its first and foremost priority,
the Ministry of Education gives much attention to the possibility of making all teachers
graduates. At the present graduates amount to 35% of the total number of teachers.
4.2.7 Table – Number of Students in Government Schools, 2005 – 2009
4.2.8 Table - Number of Students in Private Schools and Pirivenas
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009)
Western 879"838 857"985 894"752 898"299 904263
Central 519"564 504"392 519"123 517"680 519"778
Southern 512"834 494"554 508"293 506"471 505"558
Northern 266"448 264"926 267"856 261"499 177"252
Eastern 377"129 372"523 379"072 378"317 382"995
North Western 468"747 456"325 468"778 469"084 471"063
North Central 255"833 248"610 253"132 252"482 252"771
Uva 287"448 277"330 282"232 280"261 279"832
Sabaragamuwa 374"236 360"903 368"947 366"358 366"664
Sri Lanka 3"942"077 3"837"548 3"942"185 3"930"451 3"860"1763"860"1763"860"1763"860"1763"860"176
Provisional*
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
Province
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Private 106"262 106"126 113"884 115"070 114"974
School
Pirivenas 55"173 55"292 54"935 56"065 58"098
Provisional*
Source : Annual Census of Schools, Ministry of Education
293
The number of students in Government schools has assumed a figure of around 3.9
milions. This figure which has not shown much variability within past five years. Perhaps
this is due to the decline in the rate of increase in the population cohort of the school going
age when compared with the ratio of births. A percentage of students who enroll in the
private schools which are not coming under the goverment school net work can be assumed
as an another reason.
4.2.9 Table - The Distribution of Schools According to the Number ofStudents - 2009
Source : Annual Census of Schools 2009
Western 100 127 220 164 215 348 98 68 1340
Central 246 246 310 158 197 249 36 18 1460
Southern 129 175 231 138 159 188 47 31 1098
Northern 120 104 122 74 65 99 11 2 597
Eastern 115 140 205 132 133 218 39 3 985
North Western 203 181 275 131 162 203 44 20 1219
North Central 176 123 143 90 106 110 19 9 776
Uva 158 119 189 97 96 141 26 5 831
Sabaragamuwa 263 169 217 131 124 164 18 18 1104
Sri Lanka 1510 1384 1912 1115 1257 1720 338 174 9410
16] 15] 20] 12] 13] 18] 4] 2]
No.
of
Stu
dent
s1
- 50Province
No.
of
Stu
dent
s51
- 10
0
No.
of
Stu
dent
s10
1 - 2
00
No.
of
Stu
dent
s20
1 - 3
00
No.
of
Stu
dent
s30
1 - 5
00
No.
of
Stu
dent
s50
1 - 1
500
No.
of
Stu
dent
s15
01 -
2500
No.
of
Stu
dent
s25
01 -
and
abo
ve
Tota
l
As a % of theTotal Number
of Schools
Number of Schools
294
Note : By the date of the censuses 01.06.2009 all the Government schools in the
Kilinochchi and Mulativu Districts and some government schools in the
Mannar and Vavuniya Districts were temporarily closed.
4.2.3 Graph – The distribution of schools based on the number ofstudents
Source : Annual Census of Schools 2009
When the distribution of schools according to the number of schools in there is
considered, it can be seen that, in 2009, schools with less than 50 students in them
constitute 16% of the total number of schools. The number of schools with over 2,500
students comes to 2%. It is a significant fact that schools with less than 500 students
exceed 75% of the total number of schools. This situation supports the contention that
after a mapping exercise of schools, a system of rationalization is called for as a necessary
intervention in this connection, under the direction of the Line Ministry an exercise in the
rationalization of schools is on-going at the level of the Provinces.
and above
Below 50
295
4.3 Basic Statistical Information on StudentPerformance
4.3.1 Table - Percentage of students who scored more than 70% ofMarks in 2007– 2009
(with a minimum of 35 marks in each paper)
The percentage of those who scored more than 70 marks remains at around 58%.Steps have been taken to implement several programmes with the objective of improvingstudent performance at the primary school level. A certificate for special ability is beingconsidered for those who have scored over 70%.
4.3.2 Table – Performance of school candidates at the G.C.E. (O/L) andG.C.E. (A/L) examinations 2005 – 2009
Year Number %
2007 166"934 58'83
2008 108"545 39'45
2009 167"802 57'63
Source : Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka
Number % Number %
2005 146'862 47'72 102'854 59'20
2006 144'348 48'70 103'557 52'40
2007 153'460 49'14 104'479 61'41
2008 175'399 55'65 112'866 62'89
2009 150'797 48'51 108'725 61'21
Source : Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka
Qualified to follow GCE A/L
after passing GCE O/L
Qualified to apply for
University AdmissionYear
296
4.3.1 Graph - Growth of Student Performance Level at G.C.E. (O/L) andG.C.E. (A/L) 2005 – 2009
From the above data it can be seen that after passing the GCE O/L, about 50% of
the students qualify to follow the GCE A/L. Several strategies are being followed to
further improve this situation. Discussion of model question papers, improving the term
tests, examination – oriented seminars are the more important among them.
The above statistics also show a gradual improvement of G.C.E. (A/L) results.
For this reason, it is evident that enhancing opportunities for higher education is a very real
contemporary challenge.
Per
cent
age
Qua
lifi
ed
Source : Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka
Year
297
4.3.2 Graph – Performance in several key subjects of first time applicantsat the G.C.E. (O/L) 2005 – 2009
Source : Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka
To further increase the numbers qualifying to pursue studies at GCE A/L, it is
necessary to increase the member of students passing in the subjects Mathematics,
Science, and English.
When considered as a whole, the subject wise, performance is at a high level. The
increase in performance in Mathematics from 44% in 2005 to 50% in 2009 is a matter for
satisfaction. The performance levels in Science and English should be further augmented.
The performance levels in Sinhala and Tamil as first languages is comparatively high.
% o
f st
uden
ts p
assi
ng in
the
subj
ect
Year
298
4.3.3 Table – Comparison of learning achievement of Grade 4 students
When the achievement levels in learning of grade 4 students is compared is seen
that in respect of the First Language, Mathematics and English in relation to 2003
performance levels have increased by 2009. However it appears that performance level
in English can be further improved, also it is necessary to take action to minimize the
inequalities among provinces.
Percentage of students who scored more than 50%
First Language Mathematics English
2003 2007 2009 2003 2007 2009 2003 2007 2009
Western
Central
Southern
Northern
Eastern
North Western
North Central
Uva
Sabaragamuwa
Sri Lanka
Source : National assesment of Learning Achievement of Grade 4 students.National Education Research and Evaluation Centre
81.7 88.2 86.3 80.5 88.8 86.5 53.1 68.0 74.1
77.0 79.4 78.5 63.5 79.0 76.8 31.6 44.6 55.9
72.0 83.3 86.1 71.5 84.5 85.2 36.0 54.8 62.4
61.0 78.7 83.7 53.3 76.5 79.5 22.9 39.9 54.8
57.7 72.7 73.7 52.3 74.6 70.2 21.9 44.3 41.9
75.1 85.5 87.1 74.0 85.7 86.4 32.0 54.9 64.8
70.7 83.4 83.1 72.1 84.5 81.8 29.3 43.3 50.6
64.2 77.4 79.8 62.5 78.1 80.8 27.3 40.3 51.9
70.8 81.4 86.5 68.5 82.6 87.1 33.4 46.7 64.2
68.9 81.1 82.9 66.5 81.5 81.8 31.9 48.5 58.4
Province
299
4.3.4. Table - Learning Achievement of students in grade 8 and grade10 - 2005 and 2008
Even though the performance level of grade 8 students in the First Language,
Science and Technology and Mathematics have improved between 2005 and 2009 the
need to increase the level of marks remains. With regard to grade 10 the same situation
exists. A minor inequality is evident among provinces. Steps have already been taken to
implement many programs to overcome this situation and to minimize inter province
inequalities while enhancing overall levels of performance of students.
Source : National Assessment of Achievement of Grade 8 and Grade 10 studentsNational Education Research and Evaluation Center
Mean Values of Achievements level in learning
Province
Grade 8 Grade 10
Western
Central
Southern
Northern
Eastern
North Western
North Central
Uva
Sabaragamuwa
Sri Lanka
First
Language
Science and
Technology Mathematics
2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2008 2005 2005 2005
63'30 64'13 56'73 63'78 48'45 56'90 60'91 50'76 46'38
59'10 51'62 52'85 57'54 44'83 49'30 55'80 49'03 42'62
58'80 59'08 50'33 56'06 44'27 48'64 60'75 54'32 44'86
58'36 59'27 55'68 47'09 43'72 47'53 57'75 50'50 46'16
57'79 57'14 53'15 48'69 44'78 45'98 58'16 50'00 44'94
61'04 65'21 51'34 59'38 45'26 52'69 60'81 51'34 45'74
60'43 58'97 47'29 56'12 46'94 48'35 59'62 49'59 44'18
58'74 56'39 52'93 52'29 43'27 45'57 57'23 48'93 43'83
59'65 61'90 54'43 58'36 44'68 50'42 58'52 49'26 44'18
59'89 59'87 53'19 56'32 45'19 50'45 58'61 49'97 44'71
First
Lan-
guage
Science
and
Technology
Math-
emat-
ics
300
4.4 Comparison of Quantitative andQualitative Development in Educationbased on selected Education Indicators,1994, 2007, 2009.
4.4.1 Table : Selected Education Indicators (1994, 2007,2009)
Education Indicator 1994 2007 2009
Percentage of succes s at G.C.E. (O/L) 22'51 49'14 48'51
Percentage of success at G.C.E. (A/L) 44'91 61'41 61'21
Literacy Rate 90'10 94'20 -
Computer Literacy Rate - 16'1 20'3
(when the age group 5 – 69 years is considered)
Per pupil cost (Rs.) 16"620 18"905 23"607
Number of Schools with sanitation facilities as 63'58 78'16 95'4
a percentage of total number of schools
Number of schools with library facilities as a 49'0 53'0 63'0
percentage of total Number of schools
1 AB and 1 C schools with computer 10'0 80'0 80'3
facilities as a percentage of the total of 1 ABand 1 C schools
Type 2 and Type 3 schools with computer 2'0 8'0 18'7
facilities as a Percentage of all Type 2 and Type3schools
Student Teacher Ratio 22(1 18(1 17(1
Number of 1AB schools 566 681 700
Survival Rate to Grade 5 97'7 98'2
Survival Rate to Grade 9 92'2 95'8
Source : Department of Examination, Department of Census and Statistics,Ministry of Education
301
Note : 1 AB Schools - Schools with G.C.E. (A/L) in all three streamsScience, Art, Commerce
1 C Schools - Schools with only Arts and Commerce streams
Type 2 Schools - Schools with Classes only up to G.C.E. (O/L)
Type 3 Schools - Schools with only Primary Grades or Gradesupto Grade 8
The selected indicators in 4.4.1 table indicate a satisfactory development in the
education system. Thus compared with 1994 all education indicators show a significant
growth. This shows that the country’s investment in education has been productive and
that, as a result, human resources development is advancing noticeably.
4.5 Education Costs
4.5.1 Graph – Per pupil cost for General Education (2007-2009)
Per
Pup
il C
ost i
n R
s.
Source : Ministry of Education
Year
302
Compared with 2007, by 2010, per head cost has increased by 37%. Considering
that education is an investment for the future, the continuous increase in government funds
used for education is a healthy trend.
4.5.2 Table - Investment in General Education - Recurrent and CapitalExpenditure 2005 -2009
4.5.2 Graph – Growth in Investment in General Education from2005 to 2009
Source : Ministry ofEducation
Edu
catio
n E
xpen
ditu
rte
Rs.
Mill
ion
2005 45"737'75 7"556'16 53"293'91
2006 58"872'57 5"308'95 64"181'52
2007 64"822'66 9"705'09 74"527'75
2008 76"554'26 8"158'53 84"712'79
2009 83"447'85 7"743'53 91"191'38
Source : Ministry of Education
Year
Expenditure on Education
(Rs. Mn.)Total Expen-
diture onEducation
(Rs. Mn.) Recurrent
Expenditure Capital
Expenditure
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
303
When compared with 2005, there is a growth of 71% in government investment in
general education by 2009 can be seen. The same pattern can also be seen in recurrent
expentiture. All the efforts will be made to make this trend in capital expenditue.
4.6 A comparison between the EducationalStandards of Sri Lanka with theEducational Standards of other countriesin the South Asian Region
4.6.1 Chart - Comparison of Educational standards among South Asiancountries
CountryNet Enrolment
Rate
Percentage
of Trained
Teachers
(Primary)
Survival
Rate to
Grade 5
Repetition
Rate (Primary
Cycle) Primary Secondary
Source : Global Education Digest – 2010, Education for all Indicators - 2008
Bangladesh 88 41 54 55 13
Bhutan 88 47 91 96 7
India 96 - - 66 3
Maldives 96 75 68 94 4
Nepal - 69 74 62 14
Pakistan 66 33 85 - 4
Sri Lanka 99 91 95 98 1
304
• According to the information given above, the highest enrolment ratios for Primary
and Secondary education in South Asia is seen in Sri Lanka. This remarkable
achievement reflects the priority accorded to education by both the government
and the households. That the system has succeeded in giving every child of the
nation an opportunity to follow education at primary level is a matter of great
significance.
• The highest ratio of continuing education up to Grade 5 (survival rate) is found in
Sri Lanka. This inputs that all the children who enter the primary stream gets an
opportunity of completing the stage.
• It is a special achievement that Sri Lanka has the highest percentage of 95% for
trained teachers at Primary Level in South Asia. This can be considered as an
endorsement of the high qualitative standard reached by Sri Lanka in respect of
Primary Education.
• The lowest percentage of failures in the Primary section is also in Sri Lanka.
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