1

Ringtail  •  Bassariscus  astutus  (Procyonidae)  

•  24-­‐32”  long  •  Tail  12-­‐17”  

•  1.75-­‐2.5  lbs.  •  Narrow  fox-­‐face  •  Large  ears  •  Large  eyes  •  Yellowish-­‐gray  above  

•  Buff/off-­‐white  underside  •  Long  bushy  tail  

•  AlternaKng  bands  of  black  and  white  

•  Habitat  •  Rocky  slopes,  cliffs,  canyons  

•  OQen  in  the  sparse  trees  found  there  

•  May  be  found  up  to  9000’  •  Den  

•  Cavity  in  rock  pile,  or  small  cave  •  Possibly  under  log  

Ringtail  •  Range  

•  SW  corner  of  Oregon  •  Siskiyou  Mountains  •  South  along  Sierras  •  Southern  Rocky  Mountains  •  Southern  U.S.  from  Louisiana  to  

Arizona  •  South  through  Mexico  

•  Feeding  •  Omnivorous    

•  Insects,  small  mammals,  repKles,  amphibians,  bird  eggs,  nestlings,  carrion,  fruit  

•  ReproducKon  (fyi)  •  Breed  Feb-­‐March  •  Born  May-­‐July  

•  1-­‐5  per  li`er  •  Weaned  aQer  1  month  •  Disperse  early  winter  

Ringtail  •  Track  

•  5  toes  on  each  foot  •  No  claws  showing  •  No  long  heel  print  

•  Hard  to  find  •  Dry  and  oQen  rocky  habitat  

•  Maybe  in  dust  on  the  floor  of  dry,  shallow  caves  or  on  sheltered  ledges  

•  1–2  3/4”  x  2"  (50  mm)  •  Cat-­‐like  

•  Except  fore-­‐print  shows  extra  pad  just  behind  the  main  one  

•  Scat  (fyi)  •  Usually  elongated  and  cylindrical  

•  great  variaKon    •  In  dry  habitat,  tends  to  crumble.    •  Frequently  contains  fragments  of  

insect  prey  

2

Northern  Raccoon  •  Procyon  lotor  (Procyonidae)  

•  26-­‐38”  long  •  Tail  7.5-­‐16”  

•  12-­‐31  lbs.  •  Blackish  to  brownish  gray  

•  LighKsh  gray-­‐brown  underneath  

•  Bushy  tail  •  4-­‐6  alternaKng  black  rings  

on  yellowish  background  •  Black  mask  over  eyes  

•  White  eyebrows  •  White  snout  

•  Habitat  •  Near  streams,  lakes,  ponds  

•  Woodlands  •  Towns…  your  house  

•  Den  •  Hollow  tree,  rock  crevice  

Northern  Raccoon  •  Range  

•  All  of  U.S.  into  southern  Canada  •  Except  extreme  SW  U.S.  

•  All  of  Mexico  •  Feeding  

•  Fruits,  nuts,  insects,  clams,  frogs,  fish,  eggs,  young  birds,  rodents  •  Fa`ens  up  for  winter  

•  ReproducKon  (fyi)  •  Breed  late  winter-­‐early  spring  •  Born  late  spring  

•  2-­‐7  per  li`er  •  Nightly  forays  at  about  1  

month  •  Some  disperse  fall  

•  Others  in  spring  when  new  li`er  arrives  

•  Track  •  Hand-­‐shaped  •  2  to  3  inches  across    •  Five  finger-­‐like  toes    

•  OQen  register  small  claws    •  Asymmetrical    

•  innermost  toe  is  smallest  and  further  towards  the  rear  of  the  foot  than  other  toes    •  allows  leQ  and  right  tracks  to  be  differenKated    

•  Foot  pad  roughly  C-­‐shaped    •  Front  tracks  have  longer  toes    

•  more  spread  apart  •  Hind  feet  oQen  show  larger  palm  and  heel  pad  

•  Scat  (fyi)  •  Ommivorous  

•  Variable  in  color,  consistency,  and  shape      •  OQen  found  at  base  of  trees  which  they  climb  and  use  for  resKng      •  Drier  foods  tubular  with  blocky  ends    

•  diameter  ~3/8”    •  CauKon!    Can  contain  parasiKc  roundworms    

•  If  inhaled,  can  be  lethal  

Northern  Raccoon  

3

American  Black  Bear  •  Ursus  americanus  (Ursidae)  

•  4  ½’  -­‐  6’  long  •  Tail  3  -­‐  7”  

•  3  -­‐  3  ¼’  tall  at  shoulder  •  88  -­‐  595  lbs.  •  Typically  solid  black  

•  May  be  brown,  honey,  cinnamon  •  Fairly  long  and  shaggy  

•  Thick  short  powerful  legs  •  Long  curved  sharp  claws  

•  1.5.2”  •  Habitat  

•  Forests,  especially  remote  montane  regions  •  Den  

•  Used  only  in  winter  •  Small  cave,  hollow  tree,  under  fallen  log,  

root  wad  •  SoQens  with  grass  

•  Doesn’t  eat,  drink,  eliminate  while  in  den  

•  Range  •  Historically  -­‐  Nearly  all  of  Canada,  south  

through  most  of  U.S.  except  SW  •  Into  northern  Mexico  

•  Current  –  SKll  in  most  of  Canada  but  reduced  to  mountains  only  in  U.S./Mexico  

•  Feeding  •  95%  plant  material  

•  Leaves,  buds,  flower,  berries,  fruits,  roots  

•  Some  insects,  fish,  small  hoofed  mammals,  carrion  

•  ReproducKon  (fyi)  •  Mate  June-­‐July  

•  Delayed  implantaKon  unKl  denning  in  Nov.  

•  Number  implanted  depends  on  health  of  sow  

•  1-­‐5  (avg  2-­‐3)  born  Jan  •  Disperse  at  just  over  1  year  

American  Black  Bear  

American  Black  Bear  •  Track  

•  Large  –  4x5”  front  w/claws  •  4x6”  hind  w/o  claws  

•  5  toes  each  paw  •  Claws  more  evident  on  fore-­‐

print  •  Hind  includes  heel  print  •  Slightly  pigeon  toed  

•  Scat  (fyi)  •  Large  (~8x8”  pile),  ~1-­‐1.5”  

diameter,  segmented,  round  ends,  typically  full  of  plant  ma`er  

4

Brown/Grizzly  Bear  

U.  a.  horribilis  

•  Ursus  arctos  •  6  –  8  ½’  long  

•  Tail  3  –  7”  •  3  –  4’  at  shoulder  •  240  –  1160  lbs.  •  Typically  brown  to  yellowish  with  white-­‐

Kpped  guard  hairs  (grizzly)  •  May  be  black  to  nearly  white  

•  Small  eyes,  round  ears  •  Large  shoulder  hump  •  Long  claws  –  up  to  4”  

•  Habitat  •  Formerly  open  ranges  but  reduced  to  

open  areas  of  mountain  regions  and  forests  

•  Den  •  Cave  or  under  tree  roots  on  N/NE  slope  

•  Enter  Oct  during  heavy  snow  •  No  eaKng/eliminaKng  for  6  months  

Grizzly  Bear  •  Range  

•  Formerly  western  half  N.A.  •  Now  western  Canada,  Alaska,  northern  

edge  WA,  NW  MT  •  Feeding  

•  70-­‐80%  plant  ma`er  •  Leaves,  stems,  roots,  flowers,  

fruits  •  May  dig  insects,  ground  squirrels,  

marmots,  mice  •  Salmon,  occasional  young  sheep,  deer,  

elk;  carrion  •  ReproducKon  (fyi)  

•  Reproduce  every  other  year  •  Not  unKl  7  y/o  

•  Mate  June-­‐July  •  ImplantaKon  delayed  unKl  

denning  •  Born  Jan-­‐March  

•  1-­‐4  (avg  2)  •  nurse  while  she  sleeps,  leave  next  

spring  

Grizzly  Bear  •  Track  

•  5  toes  each  paw  •  Extremely  long  claws  

•  ~4”  •  Commonly  seen  on  hind  

as  well  •  Heel  on  hind  

•  Rare  on  fore  •  Larger  than  black  bear  

•  F  –  8x6”  •  R  –  12x6”  

•  Alignment  of  toe  pads  more  linear  than  black  bear  

•  Scat  (fyi)  •  Dark,  large  (~10x10”)  crumbly  

pile  •  ~2”  diameter  •  Mostly  vegetaKve  ma`er,  

insects,  hair  

5

Coyote  •  Canis  latrans  

•  3  ½’  –  4  ½’  long  •  Tail  12-­‐16”  

•  23-­‐26”  height  •  18-­‐44  lbs.  •  Gray  to  buffy/reddish-­‐gray  

•  Buffy  to  white  underneath  •  Pointed  nose;  Fairly  large,  erect  ears  •  Gray  patch  between  eyes  above  rufus  

snout  •  Long  bushy  tail  -­‐  Blackish  Kp  

•  Habitat  •  All  NA  terrestrial  habitats    

•  except  tundra  &  SE  forests  •  Expanded  range  due  to  wolf  exKrpaKon  

•  Den  •  Borrow  on  slope  

•  Expanded  badger/woodchuck  hole  •  1’x10’  deep  

Coyote  •  Range  

•  Most  of  NA  except  SE  U.S.  and  NE  Canada  

•  All  of    WA/OR  •  Feeding  

•  Primarily  carnivorous  •  Squirrels,  hares,  mice,  voles,  birds,  

amphibians,  repKles  •  Cactus  fruit,  melons,  berries,  

vegetaKon  •  Pets,  livestock  

•  ReproducKon  (fyi)  •  Breed  Jan-­‐March  •  Born  March-­‐May  

•  3-­‐10  (5-­‐7  avg)  •  Furry,  blind  •  Exit  den,  begin  social  wrangling  at  

3  weeks  •  Established  in  week  or  two  

Coyote  •  Track  

•  4  toes  per  foot  •  Narrower  and  less  splayed  

than  dog  •  Front  slightly  larger  than  rear  

•  Palm  pad  too  •  Claws  evident  

•  Especially  two  center  digits  •  2½”long  x  1  ½”  wide  

•  Scat  (fyi)  •  ¾”  wide    •  +/-­‐  segmented  

•  May  be  completely  loose  •  May  have  tapered  ends  

•  Contains  berries,  hair,  bones,  seeds,  etc