Winning the WarChapter 26, Section 4

•Winston Churchill was sure that the United States would lead the Allies to victory

A Time of Peril

•Allied leaders had to cooperate if they were to succeed against the Axis Powers▫FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met twice

during the war to discuss how to achieve their goals

•Even before Pearl Harbor American and British planners decided they had to defeat Germany and Italy first

•Then send combined forces to Japan

•1942 Germany held land from Normandy to Greece and closing in on Moscow toward the Soviet Unions oil fields and farmlands

Soviet resistance

•Soviets resisted fiercely, burning crops and farm equipment as they retreated

•People suffered during the 900 day siege of Leningrad and elsewhere▫More then one million Russians died

Japanese advance

•Japanese were on the move in the Pacific•After Pearl Harbor they seized Guam,

Wake Island, Hong Kong, and Singapore•General Douglas McArthur was forced to

withdraw troops from the Phillipines• Japanese pressed on capturing other

Pacific Islands

The Tide Turns•Despite German submarines sinking

Allied ships, the Allies began to turn the tide

Victories at Sea

•Battle of Midway: American planes sank four Japanese aircraft carriers▫Hampered Japanese offensive

•U.S. Marines won a battle on Guadalcanal Island

•Became a base from which to counterattack

Victories in North Africa •British and American forces began to

push back the German in North Africa▫British won a victory in Egypt

German forces were pushed west intoTunisia •Dwight D. Eisenhower and American

forces landed in North Africa•They occupied Morocco and Algeria

Victories in Italy

•From bases in North Africa, Allies organized the invasion of Italy▫Used paratroopers, airborne troops and

soldiers brought by sea Captured Sicily Crossed from Sicily to the mainland of Italy

•Italians had overthrown Mussolini▫New Italian government sided with the

Allies•Allies slowly fought German up the Italian

peninsula▫June 4, 1944 Allies freed Rome from

Nazi control

Victories on the Russian front •1943 Soviet army pushed German forces

from Leningrad•After months of fierce house to house

fighting, Soviets forced German armies to surrender at Stalingrad

•Soviets army slowly pushed German westward through Eastern Europe

Opening a Second Front

•1941 Stalin asked Allied arms to open a send war front sending armies across the English Channel in to France

•1943 FDR and Churchill decided to attempt the attack

Planning the Invasion

•Operation Overlord: code name for the invasion of Europe▫General Eisenhower was appointed

commander He had to ferry 3 millions troops across the English Channel

And provide them with ammunition, food, and other supplies

Planning the Invasion

•Germans knew an attack was coming•Built an “Atlantic Wall”

▫Mined beaches▫Strung barbed wire▫Machine guns and concrete antitank

walls stood ready to stop an advance

Landing at Normandy

•June 6th, 1944, D Day: a fleet of 4,000 Allied ships carried the invasion force into France▫Allied troops reached the shores of

Normandy▫Intense German gunfire and loses▫More soldiers landed every day to

reinforce the advance

•August 25, 1944 Allies entered Paris•Had been under Nazi control for four

years•They were now liberated

Advancing on Germany

•While moving east toward Germany Allies suffered a shortage of gasoline

•Battle of the Bulge: December 1944 Germans began a fierce counterattack▫Allies were pushed back▫Slowed the allies but did not stop them

Advancing on Germany

•Allied planes bombed Germany▫British bombed cities at night▫American planes bombed factories and

oil refineries during day The bombing did not stop German moral or war production

Election of 1944

•FDR ran for a forth election against Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York▫FDR won more then 54% of the vote

Death of the President

•April 1945 FDR died▫FDR was mourned by people all over the

world•A new President takes over

▫Vice President Harry S. Truman took over the country in the midst of the war

Victory in Europe

•By April 1945 Germany was collapsing•American Troops reached Soviet troops in

Torgau, 60 miles south of Berlin•In Berlin Hitler hid in his underground

bunker as Allied troops pounded the city April 30, 1945 Hitler committed suicide

•May 7, 1945 Germany surrendered to the Allies▫V-E Day: Victory in Europe, May 8, 1945