Who Did ScienceAnyway?
Some of the Men andWomen Who Shape Our
Worldview
Arabic Scientists
• When Feudalism reduced thedemand for science in Europe,scholars fled to Arabic-Islamic lands
• Mathematics, Astronomy, Healthand Medicine, Optics, andChemistry flourished there duringEurope’s Dark Ages
Famous Arabic-Islamic
Scientists
• Ibn al-Shatir
• Abu Ibn-Sina (Avicenna)
• Ibn al-Haytham
• Abu Al-Razi
Arabic Astronomy Texts
The Emerald Stone
• Hermes Trismegistus –Legendary Founder of Alchemy
The Emerald TabletThe goal of the Alchemists
Translation by Isaac Newton
• …Separate the Earth from theFire, the subtle from the gross,sweetly with great industry…Bythis means you shall have theglory of the whole world andthereby all obscurity shall flyfrom you.
Tools of the Alchemist
Often Hidden from View
Science Becomes
Respectable
• August the Strong
and other
leaders support
science.
Primarily for their own
gain– to make porcelain
Wilhelm Ostwald
• Born in Riga, Latvia, in 1853
• Chemistry and Physics teacherat University of Leipzig
• Pioneer in Electrochemistry
• Nobel Prize 1909
The House of EnergyThe Home of WilhelmOstwald
Ostwald’s Laboratory
Ostwald’s Color ExperimentsAs Explained by his Grandaughter
William Perkins and the
Chemistry of Dyeing
• William Perkins
• At the age of 18, this Englishyouth invented the dye, Mauve.
• His synthetic dye foreverchanged how we color fabrics
Technical University of DresdenProfessor Hartmann
Early dyes were from
plant pigments
Blaise Pascal
• Invented first digital calculatorat age 19
• Did experiments withatmospheric pressure
• Argued for the existence ofvacuums
• Brilliant mathematician
The First Mechanical Calculator –The Pascaline
Zwinger Museum – Dresden
The Curies
• Marie Curie
Born in Poland
Coined term ’’radioactivity”
Discovered two new elements in
pitchblende ore
Nobel Prize Physics (1903)
Chemistry (1911)
Pierre Curie
Research in magnetic effects
Nobel Prize 1903 Physics
Uranium came from
mines in Jachimov, C.R.
Uranium Ores fromJachimov, Czech Republic
Mining – at the home of
the thaller
Radium Palace in
Jachimov, C.R.
Radium Palace Spa and
Resort - Jachimov
Tycho Brahe
• Tycho Brahe:
Born in Denmark
The improvement of
astronomy depends on
accurate observation
Tycho’s Books --
Strahov Library - Prague
Tycho’s Observatory
Uraniborg at Hven
Tycho’s Math Book
Tycho’s Final RestingPlaceTyn Church, Prague
Johannes Kepler
• Founder of
celestial
mechanics
• Three Laws
of planetary
motion
House of Johannes
Kepler– Prague
Kepler’s House
Kepler’s
House in
Prague
Christian Doppler
• Born in Salzburg
• Astronomy text on
Binary Stars
• Explained Doppler
Effect for waves
• Professor at the
University of Vienna
Albert Einstein
• Born in Germany
• Nobel Prize for
explanation of
photoelectric
effect
• Theory of Relativity
House in Prague whereEinstein played the violin
Gregor Mendel
• Abbot of
Augustinian
Monastery
in Brno, C.R.
• Founder of
Science of
Genetics
Mendel’s Garden
Genetics with Geodes
Experiments Continue
in the Spirit of Mendel
Ludwig Boltzmann
• Born in Vienna
• Taught math and
physics
• Harmonized
Thermodynamics
and mechanics
Erwin Schroedinger
• Born in Vienna
• Nobel Prize in 1933
For explaining wave
Theory of atoms
• Fled from Nazis to
Dublin
More Information aboutthese men and women
will come from yourclassmates during the
third quarter.
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