1
What is Child Well-being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?
November 7, 2013
Presented to the National Council on Family Relations Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas
3What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Physical health, development, and safety
• Psychological and emotional development
• Social development and behavior
• Cognitive development and educational achievement
Child well-being represents the whole child:
4What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Functioning in socially heterogenous
groupsSafety and physical status
Healthy Diet
Physical development
Personal life
Commitment to learning
Connections
Socialcompetencies
Social
Behavior Problems
Contribution
Civic life
Competence
School Engagement
Educational/intellectual
Intellectualdevelopment
Empathy
Suicide
Depression
Confidence
Positiveidentity
Character
Positive Values
Physical health, development and safety
Cognitive development and educational achievement
Psychological/emotional development
Social development and behavior
5What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child well-being includes
6What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child well-being needs to be assessed across ages
0-5 Yrs 6-11Yrs 12-17 Yrs 18-24 + Yrs
(An outcome at one stage of childhood is generally an input at the next stage of development.)
7What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
INPUTS OUTCOMES
Child well-being is an outcome, not an input
8What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Inputs
Poverty
Health Coverage
Schools
Food Security
After-school programs
Child Outcomes
Education
Health
Behavior
Socio-emotional
9What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child well-being is positive as well as negative
0
9
10What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
What does the public hear about kids?
Morbidity
Violence
11What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Negative development is important
(bad is stronger than good)
Bad outcomes do matter
12What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
But, good outcomes matter too
13What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness.”
14What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence
It’s good science
15What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive indicators, such as parent/adolescent relationships, are related to better child development
10.7
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Becoming Sexually Active
1
0.57
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Being Behind in School
Not a Positive Relationship w/Mother
Has a Positive Relationship w/Mother
Becoming Sexually Active Be Behind in School
16What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence
Good science
Necessary to fully describe children and youth
17What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive
Exercise
Healthy eating habits
Safety habits (seat belt, helmet)
Physical Health, Development, and Safety
Negative
Illness
Obesity
Injury
18What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive
Life Satisfaction
Hope
Empathy
Psychological & Emotional Development
Negative
Depression
Low Self-Esteem
Suicidal Thoughts
19What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive
Civic engagement
Volunteering
Environmental Stewardship
Social Development & Behavior
Negative
Drinking
Drug use
Gang Involvement
20What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive
Educational engagement
Curiosity
Critical thinking
Cognitive Development & EducationalAchievement
Negative
Dropout
Truancy
Expulsion
21What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive
Positive relationship with parents
Positive sibling relationships
Positive friendships
Relationships
Negative
Conflict
Violence
Arguments
22What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence
Good science
Necessary to fully describe children and youth
Can be measured well
23What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Criticism that they are ‘soft’, ‘squishy’ or ‘gluey’ is not warranted
Squishy
Soft
Gluey
24What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Flourishing Families Project
• Funded by the John Templeton Foundation
• Developed and tested items
• Conducted a national survey
• Did psychometric analyses
25What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Example of Constructs: Flourishing Children Constructs
Relationship Skills• Empathy
• Social Competence
Flourishing in Relationships• Positive relationships with
parents
• Positive friendships with peers
Flourishing in School and Work• Diligence & Reliability
• Educational Engagement
• Initiative Taking
• Thrift
• Trustworthiness & Integrity
Helping Others to Flourish• Altruism
• Generosity
Environmental Stewardship• Environmental Stewardship
Personal Flourishing• Forgiveness
• Goal Orientation
• Gratitude
• Hope
• Life satisfaction
• Purpose
• Spirituality
26What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive indicators can be measured well
• Strengths are more prevalent than deficits, so specificity in measurement is needed
• Positive bias in reporting of positive behaviors, which requires detailed response categories
• Use concrete items
• In scales, combine negative with positive items
• Develop items that work across subgroups
27What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Examined distributions of each item
• Assessed Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency)
• Conducted confirmatory factor analyseso Adolescents
o Parents
o Jointly
o Criteria: CFI (>.95) TLI (>.95)
RMSEA (<.085)
• Examined concurrent
validity
Overview of psychometric analyses
28What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Social behavior: Fighting
o During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight?
• Health behavior: Smoking
o During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?
• Emotional outcome: Depressive Symptoms
o During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities?
• Cognitive outcome: Grades (parent report)
o Now I would like to ask you about [his/her] grades during the LAST school year. Overall, across all subjects ([he/she] takes at school), did [he/she] get . . . Mostly A’s; Mostly B’s; Mostly C’s; Mostly D’s and lower; [His/her] school does not give these grades
• Examined in multivariate analyses
Concurrent Validity
29What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Constructs
Relationship Skills• Empathy
• Social Competence
Flourishing in Relationships• Positive relationships with
parents
• Positive friendships with peers
Flourishing in School and Work• Diligence & Reliability
• Educational Engagement
• Initiative Taking
• Thrift
• Trustworthiness & Integrity
Helping Others to Flourish• Altruism
• Generosity
Environmental Stewardship• Environmental Stewardship
Personal Flourishing• Forgiveness
• Goal Orientation
• Gratitude
• Hope
• Life satisfaction
• Purpose
• Spirituality
30What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Social Competence (Adolescent)
Please indicate how much these statements describe you. (Not at all like me-Exactly like me)
Please indicate how often this happens. How often… (None of the time-All of the time)
I avoid making other kids look bad. do you get along well with people of different races, cultures, and religions?
If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out.
do you listen to other students’ ideas?
When I work in school groups, I do my fair share.
do you control your anger when you have a disagreement with a friend?
can you discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse?
do you follow the rules when you are at a park, theater, or sports event?
do you respect other points of view, even if you disagree?
• Alpha=0.79
• CFI= 0.986
• TLI= 0.981
• RMSEA= 0.042
31What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Social Competence (Parent)
Please indicate how much these statements describe your child. (Not at all like my child-Exactly like my child)
How often… (None of the time-All of the time)
My child avoids making other kids look bad.
does your child get along well with people of different races, cultures, and religions?
If two of my child's friends are fighting, my child finds a way to work things out.
does your child follow the rules at a park, theater, or sports event?
When my child works in groups, he/she does his/her fair share.
does your child respect other people’s point of view, even if he/she disagrees?
• Alpha=0.62
• CFI= 0.983
• TLI=0.971
• RMSEA=0.040
32What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Social Competence
Fighting Smoking Depression (teen report) Grades
Social Competence -0.14*** -0.28*** -0.10** 0.12***
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4Fighting
% whoget infights
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4
Smoking
% whosmoke
0
5
10
15
20
25
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4
Depression
% whoexhibitsigns ofdepression
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
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Grades
% whoearn As
33What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Alpha=0.74
• CFI=0.997
• TLI=0.994
• RMSEA=0.045
Generosity (Adolescents)
Please indicate how much these statements describe you. (Not at all like me-Exactly like me)
I enjoy sharing my things with others.
I do nice things for others without being asked.
When I help out a friend, I expect something in return.
If needed, I am willing to help my family by buying fewer things for myself.
If needed, I am willing to help my family by giving up activities and trips that cost money.
If needed, I am willing to help my family by giving up my free time to help around the house.
34What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Generosity (Parents)Please indicate how much these statements describe your child. (Not at all like my child-Exactly like my child)
My child enjoys sharing his/her things with others.
My child does nice things for others without being asked. (Strongly agree-Strongly disagree)
When my child helps out a friend, he/she expects something in return.
If needed, my child is willing to help our family by buying fewer things for himself/herself.
If needed, my child is willing to help our family by giving up activities and trips that cost money.
If needed, my child is willing to help our family by giving up his/her free time to help around the house.
• Alpha=0.79
• CFI=0.997
• TLI=0.994
• RMSEA=0.065
35What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Generosity
Fighting Smoking Depression (teen report) Grades
Generosity -0.07** -0.17*** -0.07* 0.05***
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4
Fighting
% whoget infights
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4
Smoking
% whosmoke
0
5
10
15
20
25
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4
Depression
% whoexhibit signsofdepression
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Qu
arti
le 1
Qu
arti
le 2
Qu
arti
le 3
Qu
arti
le 4
Grades
% whoearn As
36What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence
Good science
Necessary to fully describe children and youth
Can be measured well
Public Perceptions
37What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
The public sees teenagers as…
DUMBRUDE
American families are…
FALLING APART
38What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
In fact, most children are doing well
Children Ages 6-11 & 12-17 with 0-4 domains of Positive Well-Being: Health, Education, Behavior & Socio-emotional
9 13
1519
19
21
25
25
3123
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Age 6-11 Age 12-17
Four
Three
Two
One
Zero
39What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence
Good science
Necessary to fully describe children and youth
Can be measured well
Public Perceptions
Kids’ Perceptions
40What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Program recruitment and retention represent an ongoing challenge
41What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Positive youth development
Programs that help youth build assets and work toward positive outcomes are an effective approach (more than negative didactic or shock approaches)
42What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons Why We Need to Focus on the Positive
The Declaration of Independence
Good science
Necessary to fully describe children and youth
Can be measured well
Public Perceptions
Kids’ Perceptions
Community Perceptions
43What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Members of a community don’t want to be told they and their children are just problems
• Also, policies and programs need to know and build on community, family and youth strengths and assets
Community perceptions
44What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Represents the whole child
• Includes well-being and well-becoming
• Needs to be assessed across ages
• Is an outcome and needs to be distinguished from an input
• Is positive, as well as negative The Declaration of Independence
Good science
Necessary to fully describe children and youth
Can be measured well
Public Perceptions
Kids’ Perceptions
Community Perceptions
In sum, child well-being…
45What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers and the public about trends
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed
46What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Firearm Deaths
8.1
10.5
16.9
18.1
8.3
5.9 8.5
11.1 10.5
8.0 8.26.9
7.5
11.4
14.7
23.324.5
12.113.2
10.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rat
e p
er
10
0,0
00
Rates (per 100,000) for Homicide, Suicide, and Firearm-Related Deaths of Youth Ages 15-19, Selected Years 1970-2010
Homicide Suicide Firearm Related Death
47What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Child Abductions
12,100(18%)
56,500(82%)
Report Missing Children Ages 0-17 in 1999: Family vs. Non-Family Abductions
Non-family
Family
48What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Volunteering
25.8 27.9 28.2
25.526.5
28.7
23.7
27.4
31.8
34.6
31.6
34.1 34.834.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
Pe
rce
nt
% of Students in Grades 8, 10, and 12 Who Volunteer1 At Least Once a Month, 1991-2011
Eighth Grade Twelfth Grade
49What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers and the public about trends
To identify negative trends and target populations at risk
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed
50What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Obesity
10
12
10
12
5
7
11
1617
20
18
65
11
16
18 18 18
0
5
10
15
20
25
% of Children Ages 2 – 19 Who Are Obese, By Age: Selected Years 1971-2010
Ages 2-5
Ages 6-11
Ages 12-19
Per
cen
t
51What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Obesity
% of Children Ages 2 – 19 Who Are Obese, By Age: Selected Years 1971 - 2010
males females
52What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Teen births
89.1
68.361.8
41.9
31.3
39.9
43.4
27.2
21.7
111.9
118.2
59.4
47.3
100.8 104.6
77.4
49.6
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
Rat
e p
er
1,0
00
fe
mal
es
age
s 1
5-1
9
Birth Rates (per 1,000) for Females Ages 15 to 19, by Race and Hispanic Origin, Selected Years, 1960-2011
Total
Non-Hispanic white
Non-Hispanic black
Hispanic
53What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers and the public about trends
To identify negative trends and target populations at risk
To monitor progress
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed
54What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Breast feeding
71 72 71 73 73 74 74 75 7577 76.5
3437 38 39
42 43 44 44 4448 49
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*
Pe
rce
nt
Percentage of Mothers Breastfeeding, by Birth Year of Infant, 2000-2010*, and Healthy People 2010 Goals
Ever Breastfed (goal: 75%) Breastfed at 6 months (goal: 50%)
55What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers and the public about trends
To identify negative trends and target populations at risk
To monitor progress
To build the knowledge base
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed
56What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Valid, reliable, and comparable measures of child well-being are needed across disciplines and methods, for:
• Indicators
• Surveys used for research
• Evaluation studies, and
• Performance management
To build the knowledge base
57What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Collect Data on Performance & Outcome Measures
Conduct Needs
Assessment
Identify Your
Population
Targeting
Conduct a Quasi-Experimental Outcomes Evaluation
Conduct an Implementation Evaluation
Select Intervention, Develop Logic Model & Theory of Change,
Indicators
Implement Program/Approach & Conduct Ongoing Performance
Management
Conduct a Randomized-Controlled Impact Evaluation
57
To build the knowledge base
58What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers and the public about trends
To identify negative trends and target populations at risk
To monitor progress
To build the knowledge base
To inform the public, policymakers, and the press about the status of children
• Child well-being should be a leading indicator
• Clear, accurate, and simple measures of child well-being
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed
59What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Unemployment rate
Inflation rate
Housing starts
What should be the leading child well-being indicators?
An index of child well-being?
Leading indicators
60What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Indices often combine independent and dependent variables
Indices often do not cover all domains, especially socio-emotional well-being
Coverage of domains is often incomplete
Indices often obscure countervailing trends
But indices are worrisome
61What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
5
7
11
1617
20
18
0
5
10
15
20
25
1971 - 1974 1976 - 1980 1988 - 1994 1999 - 2002 2003 - 2006 2007 - 2008 2009 - 2010
% of Children Ages 6 – 11 Who Are Obese: 1971 - 2010
Obesity
62What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
89.1
68.3
5350.2
59.961.8
47.745
42.641.1 40.5 39.7 41.1 41.5 40.2
37.9
34.231.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1960 1970 1980 1986 1990 1991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Birth Rates (per 1,000) for Females Ages 15 to 19, 1960-2011
Teen Births
63What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Policy makers do track trends
• They don’t read academic journal articles
State and local data are of particular interest to policy makers
“What gets measured gets done”
64What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Developed to provide indicator data for U.S. children <18 for the nation and each state
Telephone interviews with the most knowledgeable parent
Primary focus on health, but includes information on a range of child well-being constructs and on the contexts in which children grow up
Data on more than 90,000 children from 2007 (data for 2011-12 are now available)
National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH)
65What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Children’s circumstances can be described for each individual child, across multiple developmental domains, and then aggregated
Different than macro indices, which are built from data that have already been aggregated
Micro Data Indices
66What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
• Physical health, development, and safety
• Psychological and emotional development
• Social development and behavior
• Cognitive development and educational achievement
• Overall Well-Being
NSCH Index Domains
67What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Health status
Chronic health conditions
Health risk behaviors
Health promoting behaviors
Physical Health, Development, and Safety
67
68What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Internalizing problems
Externalizing problems
Self-esteem, self-concept
Coping skills
Psychological and Emotional Development
69What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
School problems
Learning difficulties
Cognitive development
Achievement
Cognitive Development & Educational Achievement
70What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Parent-child relationship
Activity engagement
Positive social behaviors
Negative social behaviors
Social Development & Behavior
71What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Parent-child relationship
Communication
Activity engagement
Sports; clubs; organized events
Volunteer, service work
Positive social behaviors
Respect for teacher, neighbors
Gets along with other children
Tries to understand feelings
Tries to resolve conflicts
Negative social behaviors Negative behavior problems
An Example: Social Development & Behavior
72What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
Physical Health, Development & Safety 58%
Psychological and Emotional Development 65%
Social Development & Behavior 67%
Cognitive Development & Educational Achievement 65%
All Child Well-Being Domains 31%
Whole Child Indices(4 Domains)
73What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
64.5%-71.7%
59.9%-64.4%
56.4%-59.8%
46.8%-56.3%
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Physical Health, Development, and Safety
74What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
69.4%-76.1%
66.3%-69.3%
62.7%-66.2%
50.0%-62.6%
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Psychological and Emotional Development
75What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
72.0%-76.1%
70.3%-71.9%
65.9%-70.2%
56.9%-65.8%
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Social Development & Behavior
76What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
73.2%-79.6%
67.5%-73.1%
62.6%-67.4%
47.3%-62.5%
Child Well-Being for 6-11 Year Olds, by State –Cognitive Development and Educational Achievement
77What is Child Well-Being?: Does It Matter How We Measure It?Kristin A. Moore
7 Reasons We Need to Focus on the Positive:1. The Declaration of Independence2. Good science3. Necessary to fully describe children and youth4. Can be measured well5. Public Perceptions6. Kids’ Perceptions7. Community Perceptions
5 Reasons Why Rigorous, Accurate Measures of Child Well-being are Needed:• Complete and accurate measures are needed to inform policy makers and
the public about trends• To identify negative trends and target populations at risk• To monitor progress• To build the knowledge base• To inform the public, policymakers, and the press about the status of
children• Child well-being should be a leading indicator• Clear, accurate, and simple measures of child well-being
In sum…
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