What does PIC stand for?
The Post-Secondary Schooling and Labor Market Experiences
of Class of 2003 Boston Public High School
Graduates at the Time of the Winter/Spring
2004 Follow-Up Survey
…Combined with data on employment and
institutionalization outcomes for Boston’s Dropouts
Distribution of Class of 2003 Graduates by Gender, Race/Ethnic Group, and Type of High School
Group Number of Graduates Percent of Graduates
All 2,938 100.0
Gender
Men 1,282 44.0
Women 1,656 56.0
Race-Ethnic Group
Asian 351 11.9
Black 1,465 49.9
Hispanic 589 20.0
White 533 18.1
Type of School
Exam School 772 26.3
District/Magnet School 2,166 73.7
Percentage Distribution of Boston Public High School Graduates by Their Activity Status at the Time of the Follow-up Survey, Class
of 2003
Military1.3%
Jobless but Looking
6.3% Not Looking for Work
3.0%
School Training Only
38.8%
Work Only15.0%
School and Work35.5%
Percent of Class of 2003 Boston Public High School Graduates Who Were Attending Post-Secondary Education or a Training
Program at the Time of the Follow-up Survey
74.465.7
80.8
92.9
73.6
62.2
77.9
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White
Percent Distribution of Class of 2003 Boston Public High School Graduates Enrolled in Post-Secondary Education by
Two-Year/Four-Year College
30.5
63.0
37.0
56.7
26.5
66.8
16.1
82.0
38.3
54.2
45.741.0
12.3
82.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White
2-Yr.
4-Yr.
Percent of Class of 2003 BPS Graduates Enrolled in Post-Secondary Education/Training by Full-Time/Part-Time Enrollment
Status
92.5
7.5
93.6
6.4
90.7
9.3
98.5
1.5
96.6
3.4
90.3
9.7
89.6
10.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
All Men Women Asian White Black Hispanic
Full-Time
Part-Time
Comparisons of the College Attendance Rates of Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates With National Rates, Total and
by Gender and Race (College Attendance Rates Include Only Those Students Who Were Attending a 2 or 4 Year College)
68.963.961.4
61.2
74.4
66.5
91.3
84.1
67.4
58.353.5
58.6
75.5
65.0
0.0
10.0
20.030.0
40.0
50.060.0
70.0
80.090.0
100.0
All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White
BostonU.S.
Trends in College Enrollment Rates for Boston Public High School Graduates, Classes of 1990 to 2003
74.0
68.169.8
68.967.4
65.6
68.0
66.0
63.062.0
66.0
64.064.0
5658606264666870727476
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
Number of Male and Female Graduates from Boston Public High Schools, Classes of 1997 to 2003
Graduating Class
Female Male Females Per 100 Males
1997 1,453 1,217 119
1998 1,685 1,390 121
1999 1,670 1,321 126
2000 1,591 1,340 119
2001 1,708 1,153 113
2002 1,916 1,600 120
2003 1,656 1,282 129
Females Per 100 Males in Freshmen Class (1999), Graduates (2003), College Enrollees, and Enrolled in Four-Year College,
Class of 2003 BPS Graduates
92
129
166
194
020406080
100120140160180200
FreshmenYear (1999)
Graduates(2003)
Enrolled inCollege
Enrolled inFour-Year
College
Females Per 100 Males Graduates from Class of 2003 Boston Public School, Total and by Race-Ethnic Group
129139
133128
104
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
All Black Hispanic Asian White
Females Per 100 Males in Post-Secondary Education from Boston Public High School, Classes of 1998-2003
160
147145
138
150
163
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Females Per 100 Males Enrolled in Four-Year College from Class of 2003 Boston Public School, Total and by Race-Ethnic Group
192
144
171
220
280
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
All White Asian Black Hispanic
Lifetime Earnings of 18-65 Years Old Men by Educational Attainment in Massachusetts, 2000 (18-22 Years Old Enrolled in
School Excluded
2,067,146
954,407
1,398,404
1,760,8791,810,425
2,791,945
3,441,866
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
All <12 or 12,No Diploma
12, Diplomaor
Equivalent
13-15Years
Assoc.Degree
BachelorsDegree
Master's orMore
Employment to Population Ratio of Boston Public High School, Classes of 1999-2003 (Military Included)
60.6 60.7
54.9
52.2 51.8
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Employment to Population Ratios of Class of 2003 BPS Graduates, Total and by Gender and Race-Ethnic Group
(Military Included)
51.8 52.4 51.4
45.850.8
60.0
49.4
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
All Men Women Asian Black Hispanic White
Employment to Population Ratios of Class of 2003 Graduates Boston Public High School Graduates Enrolled in College or Post-
0Secondary Training Institution, Total and by Gender and Race-Ethnic Group (Military Included)
47.8 48.7 46.5
56.4
47.344.2 44.2
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
All Women Men Hispanic Black White Asian
Employment to Population Ratios of Class of 2003 Graduates Boston Public High School Graduates Not Enrolled in College or
Post-Secondary Training Institution, Total and by Gender and Race-Ethnic Group (Military Included)
63.6 64.1
62.2
67.8 67.3
66.0
60.5
56.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
64.0
66.0
68.0
All Men Women White Asian Hispanic Black
Comparisons of Employment Rates of Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates with Those of Their U.S. Counterparts from the Class
of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in Both the City of Boston and the U.S.)
50.6
44.4
50.4
45.2
50.8
43.7
49.8
24.1
57.4
42.9
49 48.444.4
30.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
All Men Women Black Hispanic White Asian
Boston
U.S.
Comparisons of E-P Ratio of Enrolled Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates with Those of Their U.S. Counterparts from the Class of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in
Both the City of Boston and the U.S.)
47.8
36.9
46.3
36.8
48.7
37.0
47.3
21.7
56.4
32.5
44.238.4
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
All Men Women Black Hispanic White
Boston
U.S.
Comparisons of E-P Ratio of Not Enrolled Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates with Those of Their U.S. Counterparts from the Class
of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in Both the City of Boston and the U.S.)
58.757.858.1 58.659.6
56.9 56.9
27.5
65.9 66.9
59.057.7
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
All Men Women Black White Hispanic
Boston
U.S.
Comparisons of E-P Ratio of Class of 2003 Boston Public School Graduates Not Enrolled in College with Those of Their U.S. Central City
Counterparts from the Class of 2003 (Military Service Personal are Excluded from the Count of Employed in Both the City of Boston and the
U.S.)
58.7
46.9
58.1
40.9
59.653.7
56.9
27.5
65.9 67.9
59.0
40.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
All Men Women Black White Hispanic
Boston
U.S.
Employment in the teenage and young adult years is path dependent; those who work in time period t are more likely to work in year t + 1; “early work experience begets more work experience”; this holds true during the high school years as well as post-high school years
For the non-college bound, substantive early work experience in high school facilitates the transition to the world of work; national longitudinal evidence reveals that earnings impacts from senior year work experience has economic payoffs until the mid-20s
Earnings of Boston public school students during the last two years of high school have a strong independent influence on their annual earnings in the first two to three years following graduation
Jobs in high school with more paid hours per week, with opportunities to learn new skills, with closer ties to school-based learning, and with higher wages significantly raise wages of youth in the first few years following graduation
Why Should We Care About Improving Teen Employment Prospects?
Economically disadvantaged youth, both men and women, who work during high school are less likely to drop out of school than their counterparts who do not work; Black men with work hours in the 21-30 range were found to be more likely to graduate from high school and attend college than their peers with no paid work experience
Metropolitan areas with higher rates of employment for teen women are characterized by significantly lower teen pregnancy rates
States with higher employment rates for teens (16-19) in year t are found to have significantly higher employment rates for 20-24 year olds five years later. Each one percentage point increase in the teen E/P ratio will raise the expected E/P ratio for 20-24 year olds by somewhere between .4 and .5 percentage points five years later, holding state labor market conditions and the size of the 20-24 year old cohort constant
Number of Dropouts in Boston Public School, Selected Years, 1993-2003 (As Reported by BPS to DOE)
1,347 1,351 1,3501,227
1,5261,647
1,405
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 2000 2003
Employment-Population Ratio of 16-24 Years Old Not Enrolled in School by Educational Attainment Level in Boston City, 2000
69.0
41.7
64.669.2
84.289.2
93.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
All Less than12 or 12,
NoDiploma
HSDiploma orEquivalent
SomeCollege
Asso.Degree
Bachelor'sDegree
Masters orHigher
Expected Lifetime Years in Poverty of 18-65 Years Old by Educational Attainment in Massachusetts, 2000
4
10
4
3 3 3
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All Less than12 or 12,
NoDiploma
HSDiploma orEquivalent
SomeCollege
AssociateDegree
Bachelor'sDegree
Masters orHigher
Expected Lifetime Years with Low Income of 18-65 Years Old by Educational Attainment in Massachusetts, 2000
8
19
10
7 7
54
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
All Less than12 or 12,
NoDiploma
HSDiploma orEquivalent
SomeCollege
AssociateDegree
Bachelor'sDegree
Masters orHigher
Percent of 16-24 Years Old High School Dropouts Who Were Institutionalized at the Time of the 2000 Census, Total and by
Race-Ethnic Group, MA versus US
3.74.6
0.7 0.8
6.0
7.3
2.4 2.43.1 3.3
4.7
2.5
16.3
13.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
All Men White Black
MA
US
Percent of 16-24 Years Old Male High School Dropouts in Massachusetts Who Were Institutionalized at the Time of the 2000
Census, Total and by Race-Ethnic Group
6.0
25.8
6.44.8 3.9 3.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
All Black Asian White MixedRace
Hispanic
Number of 16-24 Year Old Institutionalized Group Quarters Population in Massachusetts by Educational Attainment Level, 2000
6,390
4,057
1,854
46118 0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
All Less than12 or 12,
No Diploma
HSDiploma orEquivalent
SomeCollege
1-3 Yrs. OfCollege
Bachelor'sDegree
Percent of 16-24 Year Old Institutionalized Group Quarters Population in Massachusetts by Educational Attainment Level, 2000
0.9
2.6
1.2
0.20
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
HS Diploma orEquivalent
Some College 1-3 Yrs. OfCollege
Bachelor'sDegree
Masters orHigher
Percent of 18-24 Year Old Men in Institutionalized Group Quarters in Massachusetts by Educational Attainment Level, 2000
1.7
4.4
2.2
0.4
0 00.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
All <12 or 12,No Diploma
HS Diplomaor
Equivalent
1-3 Yrs. OfCollege
Bachelor'sDegree
Masters orHigher
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