Download - Weather & Climate --chapter 3--. I. Factors Affecting Climate Weather? Climate?

Transcript

Weather & ClimateWeather & Climate--chapter 3----chapter 3--

I. Factors Affecting ClimateI. Factors Affecting Climate

Weather?Weather? Climate? Climate?

What happens to the sun’s energy What happens to the sun’s energy when it reaches Earth? when it reaches Earth?

Solar energy & Heat energy? Solar energy & Heat energy?

The Greenhouse EffectThe Greenhouse Effect

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

Causes? Causes?

Air/Atmospheric PressureAir/Atmospheric Pressure

What happens when you climb in What happens when you climb in elevation? elevation?

High vs. Low? High vs. Low? – Warm vs. Cold?Warm vs. Cold?

Air Pressure ZonesAir Pressure Zones

Purpose? Purpose? What drives them? What drives them?

Global Wind BeltsGlobal Wind Belts

Wind always flows from Wind always flows from pressure to pressure to

pressure. pressure. Global Energy Balance? Global Energy Balance? Prevailing Winds?Prevailing Winds? Doldrums?Doldrums? Westerlies?Westerlies? Front?Front? Jet Streams? Jet Streams?

Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents

Oceans affect climate?Oceans affect climate? Global Energy Exchange?Global Energy Exchange?

– Warm vs. Cool currents?Warm vs. Cool currents?

II. Weather Factors II. Weather Factors

Precipitation?Precipitation? Evaporation? Evaporation? Humidity?Humidity? Condensation?Condensation?

Elevation & Mountain EffectsElevation & Mountain Effects

Temp. drops 3.5° / 1,000 feet of Temp. drops 3.5° / 1,000 feet of elevation.elevation.

Orographic Effect?Orographic Effect?

Land & Sea BreezesLand & Sea Breezes

Wind = HIGH TO LOW PRESSURE!Wind = HIGH TO LOW PRESSURE!

StormsStorms

III. Climate & Vegetation PatternsIII. Climate & Vegetation Patterns

Factors that affect climate:Factors that affect climate:– TemperatureTemperature– PrecipitationPrecipitation– ElevationElevation– Continental or Maritime locationContinental or Maritime location– Latitude Latitude

Tropical Humid ClimateTropical Humid Climate

Temps. & Precip.? Why?Temps. & Precip.? Why? 65 to over 450 inches/year65 to over 450 inches/year

Tropical Wet & Dry ClimateTropical Wet & Dry Climate

Just north & south of Trop. HumidJust north & south of Trop. Humid Distinct rainy & dry seasonsDistinct rainy & dry seasons More seasonal changes than Trop. More seasonal changes than Trop.

HumidHumid Supports savannas: grasslands Supports savannas: grasslands

w/scattered trees & shrubsw/scattered trees & shrubs Monsoon influenceMonsoon influence

Tropical Wet and Dry ClimateTropical Wet and Dry Climate

Arid ClimateArid Climate Latitude?Latitude? Pressure Zone?Pressure Zone? Precip = <10 inches/yr. Precip = <10 inches/yr. Largest Dry Desert = Sahara Largest Dry Desert = Sahara

Semiarid Climate (Steppe)Semiarid Climate (Steppe)

Transition zone betw. Arid & HumidTransition zone betw. Arid & Humid Short grass vegetationShort grass vegetation Trees are rare…only found along Trees are rare…only found along

river banksriver banks Poor farming practices & overgrazing Poor farming practices & overgrazing

turn some steppes into deserts turn some steppes into deserts

Mid-Latitude Climates Mid-Latitude Climates (Temperate)(Temperate)

1. Mediterranean Climate1. Mediterranean Climate– Between 30° - 40° North & South Between 30° - 40° North & South – Western/Southern coastal areas of Western/Southern coastal areas of

EuropeEurope– West coast of continents w/cool currentsWest coast of continents w/cool currents– Avg. Winter temps = 50s Avg. Winter temps = 50s

2. Humid Subtropical Climate2. Humid Subtropical Climate– Eastern side of continents w/warm Eastern side of continents w/warm

ocean currentsocean currents– Hot/humid summers w/mild wintersHot/humid summers w/mild winters– Large temperate forests (deciduous & Large temperate forests (deciduous &

coniferous)coniferous)

3. Marine West Coast climate3. Marine West Coast climate– Heavily influenced by oceansHeavily influenced by oceans– Found on west coast of continents in Found on west coast of continents in

upper middle latitudesupper middle latitudes– Mild temps all year roundMild temps all year round

Marine West Coast ClimateMarine West Coast Climate

4. Humid Continental climate4. Humid Continental climate– Found in areas that receive both warm Found in areas that receive both warm

& cold air& cold air– Hot, humid summers w/cold wintersHot, humid summers w/cold winters– Interiors & east coasts of upper-middle Interiors & east coasts of upper-middle

latitude continentslatitude continents– 4 distinct seasons 4 distinct seasons

High Latitude ClimatesHigh Latitude Climates

1. Subarctic:1. Subarctic:– Found in high latitudes of Europe, Asia & Found in high latitudes of Europe, Asia &

N. AmericaN. America– Long, dark, cold wintersLong, dark, cold winters– Temps below freezing for 6 monthsTemps below freezing for 6 months– Short summers can have warm tempsShort summers can have warm temps– Greatest temp. rangeGreatest temp. range– Supports large boreal (evergreen) Supports large boreal (evergreen)

forestsforests

2. Tundra climate:2. Tundra climate:– Long, cold wintersLong, cold winters– Temps only above freezing during short Temps only above freezing during short

summerssummers– Supports tundra vegetation—mosses, Supports tundra vegetation—mosses,

herbs, low shrubsherbs, low shrubs– Water & soil below surface remains Water & soil below surface remains

frozen all year --> permafrost frozen all year --> permafrost

Tundra ClimateTundra Climate

3. Ice Cap climate3. Ice Cap climate– Cold temps & snow all year roundCold temps & snow all year round– Found in polar regionsFound in polar regions– Precip = <10 inches! Precip = <10 inches!

Ice Cap ClimateIce Cap Climate

4. Highland climate4. Highland climate– Temp changes w/increased elevationTemp changes w/increased elevation– Temp drops 3.5 degrees every 1,000 ft.Temp drops 3.5 degrees every 1,000 ft.

Highland ClimateHighland Climate