armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 2
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 pmtkyfudk uRefawmfpwif½dkufwifay;ygrnfcifAsm;/ Adkvfaomfu
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 4
Table of Contents armifaomfu udk,fa&;tusOf;/................................................................................................. 6
pma&;ol\trSmpm/................................................................................................................. 7
xkwfa0ol\trSm/ .................................................................................................................. 9
aus;Zl;wifvTm/ .................................................................................................................... 10
yrmP ................................................................................................................................. 11
1/ wdkufa&,mOf 103/ .......................................................................................................... 14
2/ yifv,fc&D;twGuf jyifqifjcif;/ ...................................................................................... 17
3/ yifv,fjyifodkY xGufcJhNyD/ ................................................................................................. 20
4/ oabFmuGJum epfjrKyfNyD/.................................................................................................. 29
5/ 1956 ck? Edk0ifbmv 29 &uf/ ......................................................................................... 40
1956 ck/ Edk0ifbm 30 &uf/ .............................................................................................. 56
1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 1 &ufaeY/ ........................................................................................ 59
1956 ck/ 'DZifbm 2 &uf/ ................................................................................................ 61
1956 ck/........................................................................................................................... 62
'DZifbm 3 &uf/ ................................................................................................................ 62
1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 4 &uf/ ............................................................................................ 65
1956 ck/ 'DZifbm 5 &uf/ ................................................................................................ 66
1956 ck/........................................................................................................................... 68
'DZifbmv 6 &uf/............................................................................................................. 68
1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 7 &uf/ ............................................................................................ 70
1956 ck/........................................................................................................................... 75
'DZifbmv 8 &uf/............................................................................................................. 75
AdkvfapmOD;tp tokb&ufrsm;/ ........................................................................................... 75
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 5
1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 9 &uf/ ............................................................................................ 77
1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 10 &uf/ .......................................................................................... 80
1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 11 &uf/ aomufa& vufusef av;bl; om½Sdawmhonf/ av;bl;onf
ESpf&ufpm/ ......................................................................................................................... 83
7/ tDpefrm½l;/ ( &efukef-pifumyl c&D;pOf )/........................................................................ 98
8/ pifumylodkY/ ................................................................................................................. 102
9/ pifumylrS jynfawmfjyef/ ............................................................................................... 104
aemufqufwGJ/ ................................................................................................................... 106
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 6
armifaomfu udk,fa&;tusOf;/
1928 ckESpf?a½TbkdNrdKYwGif tz OD;rSefMuD;? trd a':NrdKifwdkYrS zGm;jrifonf/om;orD;
4 a,mufteuf tMuD;qHk;om; jzpfonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGifwuúodkvf0ifwef;
atmifcJhonf/
¤if;ESpfwGifyifArmha&wyfrawmfodkY wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&muf trIxrf;cJhonf/
wyfrawmf(a&wyf) wGif Adkifrª;&mxl;txd xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1969 ckESpfrS 1977 xdjyefMum;a&;0efMuD;Xmea½SYodkY^azmf0yf pmapmifrsm;wGif
pmwnf;csKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
,aeYxdt*Fvdyfpm^ pum; oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;?
a&aMumif;odyÜHtwwfynmrsm;udkEdkifiHjcm;oGm; oabFmom;rsm;tm;
oifMum;ydkYcsay;jcif;? pmay uAsma&;om;jcif; ponfhvkyfief;udk
vkyfudkifvsuf½Sdonf/
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 7
pma&;ol\trSmpm/
udk,fawGY tjzpftysuf rSwfwrf; w&yfjzpfonfh wkdufa&,mOf 103 \ oabFmysuf udk,fawGYtjzpftysuf Zmwfvrf;udk
ayzl;vTmr*¾Zif;wGif 1987 ckESpf rwfvrS pí Zlvdkifvtxd ig;vwdwd tcef;qufa&;om; wifjycJhygonf/ ,cktcg pmzwf
y&dowfrsm;\awmif;qdkrI t& ]rZödKrpmaywkduf} rS tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;udk ausmfvTm;um vHk;csif; 0w¬Ktjzpf xkwfa0vkdufjcif;
jzpfygonf/
,cifu uRefawmfonf þZmwfvrf;udk rnfonfh r*¾Zif;wGifrQ ra&;om;cJhzl;yg/ 1957 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvxkwf jr0wD r*¾Zif;wGif
wdkufa&,mOf 103 [lí pmrsufESm ESpfrsufESmrQ azmfjycJhonfrSm uRefawmfha&;om;csuf r[kwfyg/ jr0wD r*¾Zif; t,f'DwmtzGJYu
1957 ckESpf 'DZifbm 17 &ufaeYxkwf puFmyl px&dwf wdkif;owif;pmrS owif;a&;om;csufudk xkwfEkwfí bmomjyef
wifjycJhjcif;omvQif jzpfygonf/
uRefawmfonf wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyfNyD;onfhaemuf ESpfaygif; oHk;q,fwdkifatmif ra&;bJ aecJh&mrS ,cktcsdefonf uRefawmfh
b0\ qnf;qmcsdefvnf; a&mufNyD? jrefrmpmaywGif ½Sdonfhaom a&aMumif; pmay w&yfvnf; usef&pfap[laom
&nf½G,fcsufESifhtwl uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;\ yifv,fjyifudk tefwkvsuf wdkif;jynfwm0ef ausyGefcJhrIudkvnf; csD;usL;
rSwfwrf;wifonfhtaeESifh tusdK;rJh tcsnf;ESD; rjzpfapvdkaom qEESifh zGifh[ a&;om;vkduf&jcif; jzpfygonf/
ESpfaygif; 30 apmifhqdkif;aecJhjcif;rSm wkdif;jynf wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&if; toufay;oGm;cJhonfh &Jabmf wpkwdkY\ usef&pfom
rdom;pkrsm; pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfMurnfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifh ww fEdkiforQ EIwfydwf a&iHkaecJhjcif; jzpfygonf/
,ckaomf aoaomolvnf; arhavmufNyD? 'Pfrsm;vnf; ausavmufNyD[k ,lqum jrefrmpmaywGif ½Sm;yg;vSonfh a&aMumif; pmay
w&yf rSwfwrf;wiftjzpf &ifememjzifhyif a&;om;wifjycJh&jcif; jzpfygonf/
oabFmysuf 'ku©onf b0qdkonfrSm oabFmom; wOD;b0wGif rawmifhwtyfaom? rarQmfvifh tyfaom b0jzpfonf/ uRefawmfESifh
&Jabmfrsm;onf wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk vIdif;avMum;wGif repfjrKyfap&ef tpGrf;ukef MudK;pm;vsufESifhyif rarQmfvifhbJ
oabFmysuf'ku©onftjzpfodkY a&mufcJh&onf/ oabFmysufonfwGif toufu,f azmifudk pD;um yifv,fjyifwGif arQmygcJh&onf/
u,folawGYEdk; uRef;a&mufEdk;ESifhyif wae0if? wrdk;aomuf 'ku©a&mufcJhMuonf/ 'ku©[kqdkjcif;xuf avmu\ i&JodkY t½Sifvwfvwf
a&mufcJh&jcif; qdkygu ydkí rSefygvdrfhrnf/
uRefawmf\rsufpd a½SYarSmufüyif &Jabmfrsm; tpmiwf a&iwfESifh wa,mufNyD; wa,muf toufaysmufcJhMuonf/ ao&rnfudk
aMumuf½GHYMuonfrSm ouf½SdowÅ0gwdkif;\ "r®wm/ uRefawmfonfvnf; ao&rnfudk aMumufygonf/ odkYaomf rdr dao&rnfudk
odaomfvnf; aemufqHk;tcsdeftxd wm0efudk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifcJhMuvsuf aemufqHk;xGufouftxd rnfolYudkrQ 'ku©ray;bJ
aorif;udk &J&J rsufESmcsif;qkdifoGm;cJ hjcif; [lonfrSm a,musfm;yDoaomolrsm;? owåd½Sdaom olrsm;om wwfpGrf;Edkifygonf/ ½Sifusef
aecJhonfh &Jabmf wpkwGifvnf; ,if;odkYaom owÅd½Sifrsm; ½SdMuygonf/ olwdkYonf wdkif;jynfu csD;usL;xdkufonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;
jzpfygonf/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyfNyD;onfhaemufwGif ¤if;oabFmESifh rsdK;wl (nDtpfroabFm) udk;pD;rQ usefcJhygonf/ 103
epfjrKyfNyD;onfhaemufwGif usef oabFmudk;pD;tm; uRrf;usifol qmaA,mrsm;jzifh ppfaq;aponfwGif yifv,fjyifwGif oGm;&eftwGuf
vHk;0roifhavsmfaom tajctaewGif ½Sdonf[k awGY½Sd&onhftwGuf a&wyfpm&if;rSy,fum zsufodrf;apcJh&onf/ þrQqdkvQif
wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyf &jcif;rSm tb,faMumifhqdkonfudk odoifhayNyD/ oabFmrSm oufwrf; ukefcJhNyD jzpfonf/
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 8
urÇmhowif;pmMuD;rsm;? txl;ojzifh puFyl px&dwfwdkif; ( Singapore Strait Time ) owif;pmu ]AdkvfMuD; baomfwdkYvlpkonf
vlwa,muf touf½SifEdkifa&;twGuf tenf;qHk; vdktyfonf[k ,lqaom aomufa&tcsdK;tpm;xuf avsmhíyif 13 &ufrQ
aecJhMuonf/ yg&*lwdkY tvdkt&rI touf½Sif&ef arQmfvifhcsuf r½Sdacs} [k a&;om;cJhonf/
urÇmhEdkifiH toD;oD;rS uRefawmfwdkYvlpkudk tHhzG,fol&J p Grf;aqmif EdkifMuorsm;[k csD;usL;cJhMuonf/ jrefrmjynfrSrI
yk*¾dKvfMuD;wOD;uom udk,fxdvufa&muf csD;ajrSufcJhygonf/ ,cktcg pmzwfoljynfolvlxk twGif;usus od½SdMu&eftwGuf
tjzpftysufudk ESpfaygif; 30 rQ odk0Sufxm;&mrS rSwfrdorQ wduspGm wifjyvdkufygonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf xdkpOftcgu tuf 20 ausmf tpdwfrQom rsrf;rQtm;jzifh ½Sdygonf/ &mxl; tMuD;qHk; uRefawmfyifvQif 29
ESpft½G,frQom ½Sdygao;onf/ uRefawmfht½G,fESifh uRefawmhfÓPf&nfESifh twwfpGrf;EdkifqHk;udk jyKvkyfcJhonfh omrefvlom;
t&m½SdwOD;omvQif jzpfygonf/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyfcJh&jcif;wGif uRefawmf wOD;wnf; tay:om vHk;0 wm0ef½Sdygonf/ oabFm ysufNyD;aemufydkif;
yifv,fjyifudk 13 &ufwdkif &ifqkdifvsuf aorif;udk tefwkum avmui&JrS jyefxGufvmEdkifcJhjcif;onf uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;\ owåd
pGrf;yum;aMumifhomvQif jzpfygonf/ þonfudk wdkif;jynfu odapcsifygonf/ þrSwfwrf;udk zwf½INyD;onfhaemuf wpHkw&m
trSm;t,Gif; tcRwf tacsmf ½Sdc Jhaomf ESpfaygif; 30 MumumrS jyefa&;om; &onfaMumifh uRefawmf owdarhavsmh cRwfacsmrIaMumifh
jzpfygonf/
wdkkufa&,mOf 103 rS usqHk;avol &Jabmfrsm; aumif;&mok*wd vm;ygap/
jrefrm vli,frsm; yifv,fjyifudk vTrf;rdk;Edkifap&rnf/
armifaomfu/
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 9
xkwfa0ol\trSm/
q&m armifaomfuonf pma&;q&mESifh xkwfa0ol yHkpHrsdK;r[kwfbJ rdbESifh om;orD;vdk az;az;rr wdkufwdkufwGef;wGef; ESifh
uRefawmf tygt0if awmif;cHol trsm;tjym; Mum;rS uRefawmfhtm; a½G;cs,fNyD; udk,fwkdifukd,fus tm;ay; cGifhjy KcJhygonf/
av;pm;MunfndKzG,f&m q&mhpdwfxm;udk aus;Zl;wif OD;nGwfygaMumif; a½S;OD;pGm ajymMum;vkdygonf/
q&m armifaomfu\ wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk,fawGY tjzpfrSef Zmwfvrf;ESifh ywfoufNyD; tppt&m&m 0dkif;0ef; ulnDcJhMuonfh
ayzl;vTm r*¾Zif; pmwnf;tzGJY ESifh yef;cs D jrifharmifausmf? umwGef; armifarmifatmifwdkYtm;vnf; aus;Zl; Oyum&txl;
wif½SdygaMumif; av;pm;pGm rSwfwrf;wif tyfygonf/
rZödKrpmay \ xkwfa0a&; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf jrefrmpmay tEkynmavmutwGuf jrLwrief oJwyGifhrQ t&mxifvQifyif
auseyf&rnf jzpfygonf/ avuwGif ½kyfydkif;qkdif&m yGm;pD;vdkolonf emrfydkif;qdkif&m tompD;udk a&mifh&JEdkif &ygrnf/ xdkYtwl
emrfydkif;qdkif&m *kPfodef wufvdkolonf ½kyfydkif;q dkif&mwGif avmbxdef;Edkif&rnf[k ,lqygonf/ xdkYa Mumifh rZödKrpmayudk
owdrItav;xm; vonfESifhtrQ pD;yGm;a&;tjrifwGif uRefawmfh t&nftaoG;onf ajymp&mjzpfaeygonf/ ouf½SdzefwD;ol
uRefawmf\ yk*¾dKvfa&; t&mrxifvQif ½S dygap? oufrJh uRefawmfh rZödKrpmaywdkuf *kPfwufvQifjzifh y Dwdjzifh auseyfa&mifh&Jaernfom
jzpfygonf/
jrefrmpmay tEkynm avmuom;tm;vHk; tcuftcJudk em;vnfpGm cg;pnf; ausmfjzwfvsuf ½Sdygonf/ odu©mvdkcsifolu odu©m,l?
aiGvdkcsifolu aiG,lum pmay tEkynm avmuonf orrQwpGm ½Sifoefvsuf½Sdygonf/ 0goemMuD;rm;jcif;? tepfemcHjcif;?
onf;cHjcif;? c GifhvTwfjcif;? arhvkdufjcif; rsm;pGmwdkYaygif;pnf;vsuf pmay tEkynmvrf;onf t½Sdeft[kefrysuf qufvuf
csDwufaeygonf/
jrefrmpmay tEkynm avmuxJodkY rnfolYudkrQ rNydKi fqdkifbJ wEdkifwtm;ESifh 0goem t&if;cHum rZödKrpmayonf ½kd;om;pGm
0ifa&mufcJhNyD; ½kd;om;pGmyif avQmufvrf;vsuf ½Sdaeygonf/
tm;ay;ol jynfoltaygif; udk,fusef;rmNyD; pdwfcsrf;omMuygap/ aumif;jrwfaom qErsm; jynhf0Muygap/
av;pm;aeaom &Jjrihf rZödKrpmay 14? 7? 87/
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aus;Zl;wifvTm/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 udktcef;quf Zmwfvrf;tjzpf azmfjyay;cJhaom ayzl;vTmr*¾Zif;
t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;jrvIdif? tppt&m&mwGif ulnDay;cJhMuonfh pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;?
pmtkyfxkwfa0ol rZö dKrpmayrS udk&JjrifhESifh Zmwfvrf;udk a&;om;jzpfap&ef twGuf
wenf;tm;jzifh vIHYaqmfcJhol pma&;q&m atmifoif; wdkYtm; txl;aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;/
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 11
yrmP
þonfrSm pdwful;,Of Zmwfvrf;wck r[kwfyg/ b0wGif MuHKawGYcJh&aom tjzpftysufrSefwckjzpfygonf/ þonfrSm
tcspfZmwfvrf;wck r[kwfyg/ oabFmom;wOD;\ b0wGif MuHKawGYap&ef rarQmfvifh tyfonfhoabFmysufZmwfvrf; wckjzpfygonf/
þonfrSm ppfrufa&;&m r[kwfyg/ yifv,fwGif oabFmysufí 'ku©a&muf&onfh oabFmom; vli,fwpk aorif;ESifh
,SOfNydKiftefwk&onfh Zmwfvrf;jzpfygonf/ pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfaumif; jzpfrnf rSefaomfvnf; pdwfrcsrf;omzG,f Zmwfvrf;wck
jzpfonf[k pma&;olu MudKwif ajymqdkvdkygonf/
pdwfrcsrf;omzG,f aumif;vSonfaMumifh rajymrqdk? ra&;rom;cJhonfrSm ESpfaygif; oHk;q,frQ Mumanmif;cJhygNyD/ ajymoifh
qdkoifhonf xifaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ajymoifhonfh ae&mtcsdKYwGif ajymcJhonfrS ty wwfEdkiforQ EIwfydwfae&iHk aecJhygonf/
ESpfaygif; 30 Mumtxd þtaMumif;udk uRefawmf r&;om;cJhyg/
yifv,fwGif aoqHk;cJhMu&aom &JabmwdkY\ rdom;pkrsm;ESifh raobJ usef&pfMuaom &Jabmf wpkudkvnf; pdwfrcsrf;ajrhzG,frsm;udk
jyefajymif; owdr& apvdkjcif;aMumifh cyfrqdwfyif aecJhygonf/ ,ckaomf ESpfaygif; 30 rQaom umvonf 'Pf&mtemw&rsm;udk
usufapaomumvjzpfNyD[k xifjcif;aMumifh b0tjzpftysuf w&yftaeESifh rSwfwrf; wifcJh jcif; jzpfyg\/
uRefawmfhb0 Zmwfvrf;csnf; oufoufr[kwfyg/ uRefawmfESifhtwl yifv,fjyifwGif touf½Sif&ef MudK;yrf;&if;usqHk;oGm;onfh
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yxremrfpm; yk*¾vudef; uRefawmf[lí oHk;pGJ&ygonf/ uRefawmfhZmwfvrf;qdkonfxuf a&wyfrS urf;ajcvSnfh uif;oabFm
wpif;jzpfonfh wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ Zmwfvrf;qdkvQif ydkrSefygonf/ wkdufa&,mOf 103 ( w&, 103 ) onf yifv,fjyfiwGif
uif;vSnfh wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; 1956 ck? Edk0ifbm 29 &ufaeY? eHeuf 0700 em&Dcef YwGif weoFm&D urf;½dk;wef;? avmif;vHk uRef;pk ( Moscos Island ) \ taemufbuf rdkif 20 cefY tuGmü rarQmfvifhaom avjyif;rkefwdkif; wckwGif epfjrKyfcJh &onf/
oabFmay:wGif vkdufygcJhMuonfh t&m½S dESifh oabFmom; pkpkaygif; 27 OD;onf ( Rubber Life Raft ) a&mfbm
toufu,fazmif ESpfpD;jzifh oabFmudk pGefYpGmcJhMu&onf/ toufu,fazmif wpD;rSm &Jabmf udk;OD; yg0ifvQuf aemufwpD;wGif
pma&;ol tygt0if t&m½SdESifh &Jabmf 18 OD; yg0ifMuonf/ &Jabmf udk;OD; yg0ifonfh toufu,f azmifrSm ,aeYxd
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baomf armifaomfu ( 14-7-86)
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 12
wkdufa&,mOf 103 \ vltiftm; pm&if;/ vltiftm; pm&if;udk ( toufrao usefolrsm;ESifh usqHk;aom &Jabmfrsm; ) [lí pm&if;tvdkuf c GJjcm;jyoygonf/
toufrao usefcJholrsm;/
1/ AdkvfMuD; baomf a&^3051 2/ Adkvfav; oef;vGif a&^1071 (tm&f) 3/ wyfMuyfMuD; udkudkMuD; uytr 2975 4/ wyfMuyf armifat; / 2413 5/ wyfMuyf puf atmifjrifh / 3087 6/ wyfom;^puf *Grf½Sdef / 4181 7/ / ausmfjrifh / 6080 8/ / vSaz / 5004 9/ / vSjrifh / 5631 10/ wyfom;^pm;cef; cifarmif / 5651
usqHk;oGm;aom&Jabmffrsm; ( azmif-1 aysmufqHk; )
1/ wyfom; armiftHk; uytr 3975 2/ / jrifhaqG / 6176 3/ / armifpdk; / 4568 4/ / [efodef; / 5508 5/ / jrifhvGif / 5284 6/ / ½kdaZ;&D;,dk; / 5567 7/ / at;&D / 5187 8/ wyfom;^MudK;rJh cifarmifvwf / 5423 9/ wyfom;^pm;zdk xGef;Munf / 4894
13 &uftwGif; usqHk;oGm;aom t&m½SdESifh & Jabmfrsm; (azmif-2 )
1/ AdkvfMuD; apmOD; a&^3083 2/ wyfMuyfMuD; cifarmif0if; uytr 1111 3/ wyfMuyf armifat; / 3356 4/ / atmifjrifh / 3182 5/ / pHcdk / 3350 6/ wyfMuyf puf ausmfnGefY / 3248 7/ wyfom; ausmfausmf / 4946 8/ wyfom; armifjrifh / 4998
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 13
t&m½Sd? tMuyf? wyfom; 27 OD; teuf uRefawmf tygt0if vl q,fOD;rSm touf½Sif usefaecJhygonf/ uRefawmf pD;eif;onfh
toufu,f azmifay: uRefawmfhrsufpd a½SYarSmufwGif AdkvfMuD; apmOD; ESifh tjcm; tqifh ckESpfOD; pkpkaygif; ½Spfa,muf
toufaysmufcJhygonf/ &Jabmf udk;OD;yg0ifonfh azmifrSm vHk;0 rawGY&awmhaomaMumifh yifv,fjyifwGif aoqHk;Muonf[k
rSwfwrf;wifcJh&ygawmhonf/
,ck a&;om; wifjycJhaom udk,fawGY tjzpftysuf Zmwfvrf;udk zwf½INyD;onfh aemufwGif av;pm;tyfaom pm½Iolonf
uRefawmfhtay:wGif ol&Jaumif; wOD; odkYr[kwf vlqdk; wOD;[k xifjrifaumif; xifjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmfonf
ol&Jaumif;vnf; r[kwfyg/ vlqdk;wOD;vnf; r[kwfyg/ usa&mufvmonfh wm0efESifh 0wå&m;udk rdrdÓPfrDorQ?
pGrf;aqmifEdkiforQudk wwfEdkiforQ ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifcJhonfh t&m½Sd wOD;om jzpfygaMumif; MudKwif tpD&ifcHvdkygonf/
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1/
wdkufa&,mOf 103/
a&wyf t&m½S di,fwOD;\ b0wGif wdkufa&,mOfwpif;udk tkyfcsKyfcGifhtmPm? OD;p D;rª; (0g) ppfa&,mOfrª;tjzpf cefYtyfcH&jcif;
[lonfrSm tvGef0rf;om *kPf,lzG,f&maom tcsuf wcsufjzpfawmhonf/ olYb0wGif txGwfjrwfqHk;aom umvw&yf jzpfonf/
1956 ck? pufwifbmvwGif uRefawmfhtm; wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ OD;pD;rª;tjzpf cefYvdkufaomtcg 0rf;om*kPf,lí rqHk;awmhyg/
uRefawmfwdkY Adkvfoifwef; twlwufvmMuonfh Adkvfavmif; wpkwGif uRefawmfonf yxrqHk; taeESifh ppfa&,mOfrª; cefYtyfjcif;
cH&ol jzpf\/ ( aemifacwfESifh tnD ppfa&,mOfrª; [líom oHk;pG Jygrnf/ ) uRefawmfhtoufrSm 29 ESpfrQom ½Sdao;onf/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 rSm ]a&wyf} wGif ¤if;ESifh rsdK;wl ( nDtpfr oabFm ) 10 pD;rQ ½Sdonfhteuf wpD;aom oabFmjzpfonf/ oabFm
10 pD;pvHk;rSm tar&duefa&wyfrS urf;ajcapmifh uif;vSnfh oabFmi,frsm; jzpfMuonf/ 'kwd, urÇmppftwGif;u tar&duef
urf;ajcudk umuG,f uif;apmifh&ef urf;ajcapmifh wyfzGJYtwGuf aqmufvkyfcJhaom a&,mOfrsm; jzpfonf/ tqDxkwfxm;onfh
xif;½I;om; ( Deal Wood ) rsm;jzifh oabFmudk,fxnfudk wnfaqmufxm;vsuf tvsm;ay 83 ay? teHjAuf 14 ayrQ ½Sdum
a&pl; 6 ayrQ ½Sdonf/ vufeufMuD;rsm; taeESifh 40 rDvDrDwm av,mOfypf puftajrmufMuD; ESpfvufyg½Sdygonf/ OD;ydkif;wGif
wvufESifh yJhydkif;wGif wvuf jzpfygonf/ bdkzm (Bofor) puftajrmuf[k ac:qdkonf/
'kwd,urÇmppf NyD;onfhaemufwGif oabFm trsm;tjym;rSm y dkvQHaeaom ppfusefypönf;rsm; jzpfonfhtavsmuf tar&duef
a&wyfpcef;wckwGif pkNyHKMudK;csnfxm;cJhonf/ ,if;oabFmrsm;teufrS 10 pD;udk jrefrma&wyfodkY vTJajymif;ay;cJh jcif; jzpfonf/ 1950
jynhfESpfwGif jrefrmha&wyfonf tar&duefa&wyfrS urf;ajcapmihf uif;a&,mOf (Coast Guard Cutter ) 10 pD;rQ vTGJtyfay;onfudk pifumylwGif vufcH&,lcJh\/ xdk 10 pD;teufrS wpD;aom oabFmonf wdkufa&,mOf 103 [lí jzpfvmcJhonf/
tar&duef a&wyfrS vTJajymif;ay;pOfu oabFmrsm;\ yifv,f xGuf&ef tqifhrD oufwrf; umvmrSm oHk;ESpfrQom
usef½SdEdkifawmhonf[k owfrSwfay;cJhaMumif; od&onf/ oabFm\ tydkypönf;rsm;udk oHk;ESp fpmrQ ty dkaqmif;ay;cJhygonf/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 onf uRefawmf\ tkyfcsKyfrI atmufwGif ½SdpOf epfjrKyf oGm;cJhaomtcg a&,mOfonf a&wyfüajcmufESpfwm
wm0efxrf;aqmifoGm;cJhNyD;jzpfawmhonf/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 ESifh uRefawmfonf xdkpOfuwnf;u a&puf qHkcJhMuonf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif uRefawmfonf
wyfMuyftqifhwGifom ½Sdao;onf xdkpOfu wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk tar&duef a&wyfrS vTJajymif; vufcH,lcJhonf ppfa&,mOfrª;rSm
AdkvfMuD; armifarmifcif jzpfvsuf 'kppfa&,mOfrª;rSm Ad kvfuHnGefYjzpf\/ uRefawmfu MudK;rJh aMu;eef;qufoG,fa&;rS wyfMuyfwOD;
jzpfonf/ yxr tokwfjzpfaom wkdufa&,mOf av;pD;udk ppfa&,mOf ]ar,k} OD;aqmifvsuf pifumylrS &efukefodkY awmufavQmuf
ckwfarmif;,laqmifvmcJhMuonf/ vrf;c&D;wGif vIdif;avjyif;xefaomaMumifh tydktvQH 'DZ,frsm;udk wifaqmifvmonfh 'DZ,fyDygrsm;
vGifhpOfum a&xJusoGm;cJhonf/ 'DZ,fyDygwvHk;u ppfa&,mOfrª; jzpfol\ vufoef;udk aMurG oGm;onftxd MudwfNyD;rS vdrfhqif;
oGm;onf/ wdkufa&,mO 103onf ol\ yxrqHk;jzpfonfh ppfa&,mOfrª;dk aoG;pGef;apcJh NyD jzpfonf/ olonf uRefawmfhtm;vnf;
csefvSyfrxm;cJhyg/ aemifwaeYwGif ppfa&,mOfrª;jzpfvmrnfh oludkyg owday;onfhtvm; uRefawmfhvuf0Jvuf\ vufcv,fxdyfudk
tHzHk; wHcg;wckjzifh nyfapum aoG;pdrf;½Sif½Sif xGufapcJhonf/ ,ckwdkif uRefawmf\ vuf0J vufacsmif;onf vuf,m
vufacsmif;ESifh yHkyef; oP²meftm;jzifh rwlnDbJ ao½Gmyg'Pf&mudk ay;cJhygonf/ yxrqHHk; ppfa&,mOfrª; vufoef;udk aMurGapum
aemufqHk;jzpfrnfh ppfa&,mOfrª;\ vufcv,fudk xdyfwGifuGJtufapjcif; owday;cJhonf[k aemifwGifrS uRefawmf jyefajymif; owd&
rSwfrdygawmhonf/
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wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ tkyfcsKyfrI tmPmudk Ad kvfMuD;0if;odrf;armif xHrS uRefawmf AdkvfMuD;baomfu vGJajymif;vufcH ,lcJhonf/ 'k
ppfa&,mOfrª;rSm AdkvfMuD; apmOD;jzpfonf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD; ESifh uRefawmfwdkYrSm a&wyf wGif;odkY wNydKifwnf;vdkvdk 0ifcJhMuonfh
&Jabmfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf omref&Jabmfrsm;tjzpf a&wyfodkY 0ifcJ hMujcif; jzpfonf/ uRefawmfu vGwfvyfa&;
r&rDumvwGif 0ifcJhvsuf AdkvfMuD;apmOD;u vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;cgpwGif 0ifcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf t&m½Sd jzp fMu&mü olu uRefawmfhxuf
aemufusí Adkvfoifwef; wufcGihf&oljzpfjcif;aMumifh ,ckolu uRefawmf\ vufatmuft&m½Sdtjzpf xrf;aqmifae&jcif;jzpfonf/
wm0efcsdefrS vGJvQif uRefawmfwdkYonf &if;&if;ESD;ESD;yif ac:ajymMuvsuf olESifhuRefawmfwdkY wcsdefu ppfa&,mOf ]tif;vsm;} wGif
twlwuG &Jabmfb0ESifh trIxrf;cJhMuovkdom ac:ajymEIwfqufavh½Sdonf/
uRefawmfonf xdkpOfu txuf jrefrmjynf a&wyfpcef;jzpfonfh rEÅav;? rHk½Gm ponfwdkYwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD;aemuf tjyefwGif
wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ tkyfcsKyfrItmPmudk &cJh jcif;jzpfonf/ wdkufa&,mOf 103 rSm oefvsufpGef;½Sd &wemyHk a&wyfpcef;wGif
a&v,fabmwckü csnfaESmifxm;um yifv,fjyif c&D;xGuf&ef jyifaeqJ jzpfonf/ tky fcsKyfrI trdefY xGufonhfaeYwGif oabFmudk
vGJajymif; ,l&eftwGuf a&v,fwGif csnfaESmifxm;aom wdkufa&,mOf 103 ay:odkY orÁefwpif;xufrS
uRefawmfvSrf;wufvkdufonfwGif oabFmavSum;xdyfwGif AdkvfapmOD;u ppf0wfpHktjzLudk oyf&yfpGm0wfvsuf ppfa&,mOfrª;topfudk
apmifhMudKvifhonf/ oabFmukef;ywfxufodkY uRefawmf ajccsonfwGif uif;apmifhwm0efus &Jabmfu ]½GD} [laom c&mi,f oH udk
rIwfvdkufonfESifh AdkvfapmOD;u owdtaetxm;&yfum tav;jyK MudKqdkonf/ þtcsdefonf a&wyft&m½Sdi,f wOD;\
taysmf½TifqHk;aom txGwftxdyf tcsdef jzpfonf/ c&m ( pipe ) rIwfí MudKqdkjcif; cH&aom * kPf[lonfrSm oabFmwpD;\
ppfa&,mOfrª;ESifh a&wyfOD;pD;csKyfwdkYomvQif *kPfjyKjcif; cH&onf/ c&rIefoH Mum;onfwGif oabFmay:½Sd t&m½S d?
tMuyfwyfom;rsm;onf NidrfoufpGm owd taetxm;jzifh aeMu&onf/ ]qufvkyf} t"dyÜm,f&aom c&moHudk aemufxyfrIwfrSm
rdrdwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk qufvkyfMu&onf/ ppfa&,mOfrª; wOD;oabFmay:odkYwufwdkif; qif;oGm;wkdif; þodkY t½dktaojyK&jcif;rSm
a&wyf\ "avhxHk;pH w&yf jzpfawmhonf/ uRefawmfu tav;jyKjcif;udk cH,l&if; ]qufvkyf} c&m rIwfonfwGif ]aeaumif;&Jvm; AdkvfapmOD;} [kar;um olYtm;
vufqGJEIwfqufvdkufonf/
]aeaumif;ygw,f pDtkd} [k olu jyefajym&if; vufqGJ EIwfqufonf/ olonf oGm;wufav;rsm; ay:atmif NyHK;&,faeonf/ olu
tvkyfwm0ef taetxm;t& uRefawmhtm; pD-tdk [kac:vdkufonfudk uRefawmf owdjyKrd\/ pD-tdk [laom toHk;tEIef;rSm t*Fvdyf
tac: (Commanding Officer) udk twdkaumuftm;jzifh ac:a0:oHk;pG Jjcif;jzpfonf/ olYtm; uRefawmfu
wm0eft&ac:a0:ygrI 1st Lieutenant (zwfpfvk) [lí ac:&onf/ t"dyÜm,frSm 'kwd,t&m (0g) 'k ppfa&,mOfrª; [lí
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfu &if;&if;ESD;ESD;yif ]AdkvfapmOD;} [k ac:ajymvdkufonf/
]uGef*&uf usLav;½Si f;} uRefawmfhtm; vufqGJEIwfqufum csD;usL;MudKqdkolrSm vuf½Sd ppfa&,mOfrª; Ad kvfMuD; 0if;odrf;armif jzpf\/
AdkvfMuD; 0if;odrf;armifrSm ydefydef oG,foG,f jzLjzLESifh vlacsm wOD;jzpfonf/ olonf t*Fvefjynf 'wf(w)rwf(o)
a&wyfAdkvfoifwef; ausmif;qif;vmcJhol wOD;jzpfonf/ olu uRefawmfhtm; wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ ppfa&,mOfrª;wm0ef
0wå&m;rsm;udk vTJajymif;ay;&rnf jzpfonf/ pm½Gufpmwrf;zdkifrsm;vnf; pm;yGJay:wGif toifh½ Sdae\/ pm;yG Jab;wGif &yfaeol
t&m½Sdi,f wOD;rSm 'kAdkvf oef;nGefY jzpfonf/ olonf oabFmwGif wGJzuf t&m½Sd jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYoabFmrSm yifv,fjyifwGif
&uf½Snfae&rnfjzpfjcif;aMumifh wGJzuft&m½S dwOD; tydk ay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ omreftm;jzifhrI ppfa&,mOfrª;ESifh 'k ppfa&,mOfrª;
ESpfOD;omvQif t&m½Sd[lí ½Sdayonf/
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tvkyf vGJajymif;jcif;? vufcH&,ljcif; wdkYudp örSm Mumjrifhonf r[kwfyg/ oabFmu ao;i,fonfaMumifh ypönf;tvTJtajymif;rSm
rrsm;vSyg/ xdkYjyif AdkvfMuD; apmOD;ESif h Adkvfoef;nGefYwdkYyg qufaeMurnf jzpfjci f;aMumifh ta&;MuD;onfh wyfaqmif aiGESifh
cJ,rf;rD;ausmufpm&if;wdkYudkom uRefawmfu *½kwpdkuf ppfaq;um vufrSwfxkd;,lonf/
]'Dpm&if;awGu aocsmygw,faemf ... 0if;}
]aocsmygw,f armif&if&m? vufrSwfxkd;rSmom xdk;yg? ta&;MuD;wmu tck vufrSwfxdk;NyD; nae rwf(p) rSm bD,m wdkufzdkYyJ?
xdk;omxdk;? axmif rusap&ygbl;? [J[J}
xHk;pHjzpfonf/ xHk;pHrSm pDtkdtopfu t&m½Sdrsm;u dk t&m½S d&dyfomwGif bD,m t0wdkufrS vTJajymif;jcif; udpö NyD;a jrmufonf [l\/
]&ygw,fAsm? reufuwnf;u &dyfomrsm yDvfpemtmuGJvf bD,m w'gZif z&DZmxJrSm toifh xnhfxm;zdkY rSmxm;cJhNyD;om;yg?
AdkvfapmOD;vJ vdkufr,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmfu AdkvfapmOD;bufodkY vSnfhar;vdkufonf/
]uRefawmf rjzpfbl; pDtd k? Ad kufu *uf(pf) x&pftmvfqm ( tpmtdrfa&m*g ) jyefxaew,f? q&m0efu aq;½kHwufzdkYawmif ajymwm}
olESifh uRefawmf rawGYMuonfrSm MumNyD/ ,ckrS owdjyKrdonfrsm olonf 0rf;Adkufudk vufwzufjzifh rodromESdyfxm;vsuf
rsufESmrSmvnf; EGrf;vsvs jzpfaeonf/
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]aeygap pDtdk? &ygao;w,f? 'Dwacguf Nrdwfu jyefrSyJ aq;½kHwufwef wuf&wmaygh? ckawmh Adkufem&if qdk'gbdkifuyfavmufeJY
NyD;ygao;w,f}
olonf tpmtdrfa&m*g ½Sdaeygvsuf uRefawmfESifhtwl NrdwfuRef;pkodkY c&D;wacguf xGufvdkao;onfhtwGuf oabFmay:wGif
ayuyfaejcif; jzpfonf/
]Adkvfoef;nGefY aumvdkufr,f r[kwfvm;}
Adkvfoef;nGefYu bmrQ jyefrajymbJ NyHK;½kHom NyHK;aeonf/
]a[h armif&if? Ad kvfoef;nGefYudk rac:eJYuG? olu armif&ifwdkY udk,fwdkYvdk r[kwfbl;? i,fi,f½G,f½G,feJY ykwD;pdyfewJhol}
AdkvfMuD; 0if;odrf;armifu 0ifajymvdkufonf/
xdknaewGif t&m½Sd&dyfomü vTJa jymif;ay;om ppfa&,mOfrª;ESifh tjcm; taygif;toif; t&m½S drsm;udk vufcH&,lol ppfa&,mOfrª;u
,rumjzifh tbd,mpujyK&mwGif bD,m w'gZifomru *sarum&rf ESpfvHk;yg pm&if;ygoGm;ao;onf/ trsm;wumxuf
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 17
aomufEdkifolrSm AdkvfMuD; uHnGefYyif jzpfonf/ ol rauseyfao;orQ wm0efvTJajymif;vufcH&,ljcif;yGJrsm rNyD;ao;yg/ olrl;ívJ&ef
qdkonfrSmvnf; uRJ½dkif; waumifudk vSJcs&ef MudK;pm;onu vG,fulvdrfhOD;rnf jzpfonf/
2/
yifv,fc&D;twGuf jyifqifjcif;/
wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk AdkvfMuD; 0if;odrf;armifxHrS vTJajymif; vufcH,lNyD;aemuf uRefawmf\ wm0efrSm a&,mOfudk
yifv,fc&D;xGuf&eftwGuf toifhjzpfatmif jyifqif&rnf jzpfonf/ a&wyfoabFmusif;wGif a&,mOfatmufydkif;udk
vGef;wifjyifqif&eftwGuf &ufcsdef;vnf; &xm;NyD; jzpfonfhtavsmuf a&tqifoifhaom aeYwaeYwGif uRefawmfwdkY oabFmonf
ykZGefawmif acsmif;twGif;½Sd a&wyf oabFmusif;ü vGef;wif cJhMuonf/ pufrMuD;rsm;rSm txl; jyifqif&ef r½Sd/ pufrsm;onf
a&,mOfatmufydkif; udk,fxnf udomvsif aMu;jym;½dkufjcif;? aq;okwfjcif; ponhf rGrf;rHr Irsm; jyKvkyfMu&onf/ xdkodkY
vGef;wifpOfwGif wGJzuf t&m½S djzpfol Adkvfoef;nGefYonf tjcm; tvkyfwm0ef w&yfjzifh ajymi f;a½GYoGm;&onf/ olYae&mwGif
(Midshipman) A dkvfav;oef;vGif a&mufvmonf/ Ad kvfav;oef;vGif onfvnf; t*Fvefjynf a&wyf Adkvfoifwef;ausmif;rS
ausmif;qif;vmcgp t&m½Sdi,f wOD;jzpfonf/ touft½G,frSm ESpfq,fausmf½kH rQomvsif ½Sdao;vsuf vlae udk,f[efrSm
oefoefrmrmESifh awmifhwif;aom *ifwdkav;wOD; jzpfonf/ uHMur®monf 'kAdkvfoef;nGefYtm; vTJz,fxkwf,lcJhjcif;udk xdkpOfu
rnfolrQ rcefYrSef;Edkifc JhMu/ avmuwGif raobJvsuf i&JodkY t½Sifvwfvwf a&muf½Sdap&eftwGuf uHMur®mu Adkvfav;
oef;vGiftm; a½G;cs,fvdkufNyD; jzpfawmhonf/
a&wyfoabFmusif;wGif ½SdaepOf umvtwGif;ü uRefawmfESifh AdkvfapmOD;wdkYonf wcgw&H twlwuGvdk tjyifxGufí
½kyf½SifMunhfMuonf/ AdkvfapmOD;onf ½kyf½SifoGm;wdkif; qdk'gbdkifuyf trIef Yudk txkyfi,fuav;jzifh tdwfwGif;0,f aqmif,lcJhavh
½Sdonf/ wcgw&H rarQmfvifhbJ AdkufatmifAdkufem jzpfvmcJhvQif ½kyf½Si f½kHjyifyü a&mif;csonfh a&cJa& wcGufjcifh qdk'grIefYudk
aomufavh ½Sdonf/ olY 0rf;Adkufudk olvHk;vHk; pdwfrcsEdkifaom tajctaewGif ½Sdonf/ olonf NrdwfuRef;pk c&D;odkY wacguf
vdkufvdkao;ojzifh aq;½kHwuf&efudk vHk;0pdwfrul;cJhacs/ olESifhuRefawmf &if;ESD;Muonf rSefaomfvnf; ol\ udk,fa&;udk,fwm
udpörsm;udk twGif;usus rod&acs/ olonf aysmfaysmf½Gif½Gif aewwfaomfvnf; yifudktm;jzifh pum;rsm;ol wOD;r[kwfacs/ tm;vQif
pmudkom zwfí aeavh½Sdonf/
ol zwfaom pmtkyfrsm;rSmvnf; EdkifiHa&; pmtkyfrsm;omvQif tzwfrsm;onfudk uRefawmf owdjyKrdonf/ olonf jrefrmjynf
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oabFm\ *,ufwGif ay:vmonfhig;rsm;udk xdk;okwfpm;&eftwGuf oabFmaemufrS xyfMuyfruGm vdkufygysH0JvmMuonf/
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'There's a river called the river of on return' jyefvrf;r½Sdaom jrpf [lonfh t*Fvdyf oDcsif;yif jzpfonf/ xdktcs defu oDcsif;rSm ay:cgp jzpfonf/ River of no Return
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]uJ ... pDtdk tem;,lygOD;? csd Kif;em;abum a&muf&if uRefawmf ajymygr,f} [k qdkonf/
uRefawmfonf yJhpifxufrSqif;cJhNyD; txufukef;ywftv,f½Sd wckwnf;aom yJhtdrftwGif;odkY 0ifcJhonf/ yJhtdrfwGif;wGif
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 23
MudK;rJhaMu;eef; qufoG,fa&; pufESifh a&aMumif;oHk; ajryHk ( Chart ) rsm;xm;í a&aMumif; a&;qGJxm;aom pm;yGJi,f wck½Sdonf/
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( Log Line ) qdkonfrSm a&rdkifEIef; wdkif;xGmaom ud&d,m jzpfonf/ oabFm\ puft½Sdefu ckwfarmif;ay;onfh r dkifEIef;onf
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a&ESifhavu oabFmaemufrS wGef;ydkYaevQif 10 rdkifru c&D;aygufonf/ a&ESifhavu OD;bufqDrS wdkufí qefYusifaeygvQif
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 24
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 26
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uRefawmfu yJhpifxufodkY tajy;tvGm; wufvdkufum ...
]usKyf zGifhcdkif;wmyJ AdkvfapmOD;? tJ'D taygufu oHyHk;awGeJY cyfxkwfcdkif;rvkdY} [k qdkvdkufonf/
][m rjzpfbl;xifw,f pDtdk? [kdrSm MunhfygOD;}
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ol ajymí uRefawmfMunfhvdkufonfwGif vIdif;vHk;wvHk;onf usHK;íwufvmum OD;ydkif;udk zHk;oGm;onfwGif zGifhxm;aom tHzHk;wHcg;rS
OD;ydkif;cef;wGif;odkY w&a[m 0ifoGm;onfudk jrifvkduf&onf/
][m ... [kwfw,f? jzpfr,f rxifbl;? oGm;NyD; jyefydwf ckdi f;vdkufAsm}
AkdvfapmOD; jyefqif;oGm;onf/ þ tMudrfwGif Adkvfoef;vGifvnf; olESifh vkdufoGm;onfudk awGY&\/ uRefawmfu yJhpifxufwGif
MuD;Muy frI wm0efudk quf,lonf/ wyfMuyfMuD; udkudkMuD;u wufrudk udkifvsuf½Sdaeonf/ xdktcdkuf aemufxyf 0kef;'dkif; toHrsm;
OD;qDrS Mum;&onf/ opfom; usdK;oHrsm;vnf; Mum;&onf/ a&rsm;zHk;aeí oJuGJpGmrjrif&/ yJhpifteD;wGif wyfMuyf pHcdk qdkol
½Sdaeonf/ pHckdrSm uRefawmf &Jabmf b0uyif &if;EDS;ol wOD;jzpfonf/ olonf csif; trsdK;om; &JabmfwOD;jzpf\/
]a[h? pHcdk ? rif; OD;y dkif;udk ukef;ywfay:u avQmufoGm;NyD; bmjzpfovJoGm;Munhfprf;? cg;udk MudK;wacsmif;eJY csnfoGm;aemf?
wa,mfa,mufudk toufu,fMudK; ( Life Line ) udkifzdkY ajymxm;NyD; oGm;? [kwfvm;}
][kwfuJh pDtdk}
a½SYydkif; OD;bufqDodkY ukef;ywfxufrS avQmufoGm;&ef qdkonfrSm ,ckuJhodkYaom vIdif;avwGif {&mr pGefYpm;cef;MuD; w&yfjzpfygonf/
vIdif;u ukef;ywf wckvHk;ausmfoGm;NyD;rS yifv,fwGif; qif;oGm;onf/ vIdif;vHk;ESifh twl vlvdr fhus ygoGm;Edkifonf/ udkifp&m?
wG,fp&m wck r&cJhvQif vltiftm;csnf; oufoufESifhawmh vIdif;'Pfudk rcHE dkif/ yifv,fwGif ajcu rNrJ? vufu NrJap&onf/
ukd,fhtoufonf udk,fhvufwGif;rSmyif ½Sd\/ rawmfwq vdrfhusoGm;cJhaomf wpHkwOD;u qJGwif,lEdkifap&eftwGuf rdrdcg;udk
MudK;wacsmif;ESifh NrJpGm csnfaESmifxm;NyD;rS oGm;&onf/ pHcdkonf MudK;wacsmif;udk cg;wGif csnfaESmifum OD;ydkif;qDodkY
vufudkifwef;wavsmuf udkifwG,fckdNyD;rS oGm;Munhfonf/ twefMumaomf jyefvmNyD; -
]a½SYydkif; Gun Pit ( tajrmufatmufajcoHrPdjym;0d kif; ) MuD; atmufajcrlvDawG jywfxGufNyD; ,rf;aew,f? Ventilor Hatch Cover ( tHzHk;wHcg; ) vJ usdK;oGm;NyD } [k owif;ydkYonf/
uRefawmf tajctaeudk em;vnfvdkufygonf/ a½SYyd kif;½Sd 40 rr bdkzm tajrmufMuD;ukd ]y} yHkoP²mef½Sd oHjym;jzifh atmufajcrS
0dkif;vnfumxm;onfh oHrPdjym;0dki f;MuD; ½S donf/ xdkt0dkif; MuD;udk atmufajcywfvnfwGif oabFmukef;ywfESifh rlvDrsm;tm;jzifh
pkyfwG,fxm;onf/ xkdrlvDrsm;onf awmf½kHwef½kHrQaom 'Pfudk rNzHK/ odkYaomf ,ck jyif;xefaom vIdif;vHk;rsm;u qufumqufum
oHjym;0dkif;udk wkdufaomtcgwGifrl ESpfwm½SnfpGm oHacs;pm;aom rlvDrsm;jywfxGufukefMuonf/ rlvDrsm; jywfxGufoGm;onfh y
yHkoP²mef oHjym;0dkif;MuD;onf a&wGif usoGm;cJhvQif awmfayrnf/ ,ckrl rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ usroGm;Edkif/ yyHkwGif
yGifhaeonfhtydkif;rSm vlESpfOD;pm 0ifom½kHrQom ½Sdonf/
tajrmufpif\ atmufajcxku xdktaygufxuf tqrwef MuD;rm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh tajrmufpifumoHjym;onf tajrmufMuD;udk
A[kdjyKvsuf vIdif;vHk;aqmifhwdkif; csmvnfywfvnf ,rf;um teD;0ef;usif ½SdorQudk pdwf½Sd vuf½Sd ½dkufcsdK;aeonfESifh wlawmhonf/
olYudk xdef;csKyf&ef tqdkxm;? teD; 0ef;usifodkYyif roGm;&JMuawmh/ rarQmfr Sef; Edkifonfh tcsdeftwGif; rarQmfrSe f;onhf vIdif;vHk;wvHk;
ajy;aqmifhvdkufygu tajrmufpif oHjym;0dkif;MuD;onf ajy;aqmifh0ifvmrnf jzpfonf/ 25 [NEdwfrQ ru½Sdonfh oHjym;0d kif;MuD;
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wckESifh wtm;ajy;aqmifhonfh 'Pfudk rnfonfh vlom;rQ cHEdkifMurnf r[kwf/ uRefawmfonf yJhpifxufwGif &yfum
OD;ydkif;ukef;ywfxufwGif EGm;½kdif; MuD;waumif vGwfovdk xifwdkif; aomif;usef;aeonfh oHjym;0dkif; MuD;udk jrif&onfwcsuf?
rjrif&onf wcsufESifh rwwfom? rEdkifom Munfhae&awmhonf/ opfom;rsm;? oHwkdifrsm; wajzmif; jzmif; usdK;oHudkrl em;rcsrf;ompGm
Mum;ae&onf/
xdkpOf AdkvfMuD; apmOD;ESifh Adkvfav; oef;vGifwdkY yJhtdrftwGif;rS ajy;xGufvmum ...
]pDtdk? a&awG atmufuvJ 0ifw,f? Hatch Cover vJ usdK;oGm;NyD? taygufuvJ w&a[m 0ifaew,f} [k owif;ydkYonf/
]uRefawmfodw,f AdkvfapmOD;? a½SYy dkif;u Hatch Cover ( tHzHk;wHcg; ) usdK;oGm;NyD? a&yHk;eJY a&cyfxkwfzdkYvJ rjzpfEdkifawmhbl;?
a½SYydkif;u &JabmfawG tukefxGufcdkif;NyD; Water-Tight Doors ( a&vHkwHcg; ) awGom ydwfvdkufayawmh}
AdkvfMuD; apmOD; a&vHkwHcg;rsm; ydwf&ef jyefqif;oGm;onf/ xdktcsdefwGif uRefawmfu MudK;rJhaMu;eef; wyfom;tm; tac:cdkif;v dkuf\/
wyfom; cifarmifvwf rSm ol\ MudK;r JhaMu;eef; pufcef;jzpfaom yJhtdrfwGif;rSm ½S daeonf/
]a[h cifarmifvwf? Message Pad ( u^e yHkp H pm½Guf ) ,lcJh? 'gxuf raeYnu ydkYckdif;cJhwJh u^e ESpfapmif ydkY NyD;NyD r[kwfvm;}
]rydkY&ao;bl; pDtdk}
][if ....}
uRefawmfonf tvGef tHhtm;oifhvsuf tvGefvnf; pdwfqdk;oGm;ygonf/
]bmjzpfvdkY rydkYovJuG? rif; tJ'gydkYrNyD;&if rtdyfeJYvdkY ig aoaocsmcsm rSmxm;w,f r[kwfvm;}
olonf rnfodkYrQ tajzray;/ o l vIdif;rl;aeonfudk uRefawmf odygonf/ odkYaomf rnfodkYrQyif vIdif;rl;onfjzpfap? ( nu
vIdif;onfvnf; rjzpfpavmuf[k xifygonf ) wm0efudkawmh ausyGefpGm xrf;oifhonf[k uRefawmfxifonf/ ,ckrl uRefawmfh
xifjrifcsufonf ygpifatmif vGJcJhNyD jzpf\/ uRefawmfhyg;pyfrS z½kó0gpmawG woDMuD; xGufoGm;onf/
]oGm;? ? Message Pad ,lcJh? pufzGifh? ig udk,fwkdif ydk Yr,f}
cifarmifvwfonf owif;ydkY yHkpHpm½Guf,l&ef yJhtdr fwGif; jyef0ifoGm;onf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD; jyef0ifvmum a&vHkwHcg;rsm;
ydwfxm;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ odkYaomf a&vHkwHcg;rsm; aumif;pGm pddwfcs&rnf rxifaMumif; ajym\/ a½SYydkif; OD;cef;wGif a&onf
&ifacgif;rQxd ½SdaeNyD jzpfaMumif;vnf; ajym\/ uRefawmf &yfae&m yJhpifxufrS Munhfvdkuf&mwGif oabFmOD;onf ,cifu
vIyf½Sm;rIrsdK;jzpfonfh jrif; ywyf&yfouJhodkY OD;axmifjcif;rsdK;udk vHk;0 rjyKawmhbJ OD;pdkufaeNyD jzpfaMumif; awGY&awmh\/
]uJ ... AdkvfapmOD;? yJhpifay:wuf? pufrMuD;udk a½SYvHk;0 rarmif;eJYawmh? Water-Tight Doors awGu b,favmuf
MumMumcHr,frodbl;? uRefawmf MessageydkYvkdufOD;r,f}
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uRefawmfonf oabFm twd'ku©a&mufcsdefwGif ydkYavh½Sdonfh Distress Signal ac: tufpf-tdk-tufpf S-O-S owif;ydkYvGifh&eftwGuf yJhtdrfwGif; puf½Sd&modkY 0ifvmcJhonf/ uRefawmf t&m½Sdrjzpfr Du qufoG,fa&;wyfwGif wyfMuyftqifhtxd
trIxrf;cJhzl;jzif;aMumifh t*Fvdyf MudK;rJ haMu;eef; ydkYonfh armhpf oauFwudk aumif;pGm wwfyg\/ xdkYaMumifh cifarmifvwftm;
rvTJawmhbJ udk,fwkdif ydkYvGifh&eftwGuf pufudk zGifhvdkufonf/ pufzGifhvdkufonf qdkvQifqkdcsif;yif puftwGif;rS rD;yef;rD;yGm; rD;cdk;rsm;
xGufvmum wpHkw&mudk avmifuRrf;onfh anSmfeYHrsm;yg ay:vmawmhonf/ aMu;eef;½dkufvufwH Morse Key udk udkifxm;onfh
uRefawmfh vufrsm;udk "mwfvdkufum aemufodkY vefoGm;awmhonf/
MudK;rJh aMu;eef;puf\ yifr vQyfppf"mwft;ay;pufrSm 110 'DpD jzpfjcif;aMumifhomvQif "mwfvdkufí raojcif; jzpfonf/ tar&duef
pufrsm;wGif vQyfppf Adk Ytm; 110 'DpDudkomvQif oHk;onf/ odkYaomf vQyfppf "mwftm;vTwfwdkif; qufoG,fxm;jcif;rSm rlvu twdkif;
r[kwfawmhbJ oabFm\ rD;tm;ay;vdkif;wdkYESif h qufoG,fxm;jcif; jzpfonfhtwGuf oabFmOD;ydkif; a&0ifonfqdkvQifyif
"mwftm;vdkif; 0g,mMudK;rsm; "mwfvdkufaejcif; jzpfonf/
uRefawmfu aemufwcsD toHvTifhpufudk xyfzGifh&ef MudK;pm;Munhf&m aemufwcsD "mwfvdkufum rD;cdk;rsm; tlxGufvmNyD; toHvTihfpuf
&yfqdkif;ysufpD; oGm;awmhonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwGif þpufrSwyg; ta&;ay: toHk;jyK&eftwGuf bufx&Djzifh oHk;onfh
MudK;rJhaMu;eef;puf ryg½Sd/ þpufomvQif uRefawmfwdkY XmecsKyfESifh qufoG,f&m? jyifyurÇmESifh qufoG,f&mwGif wckwnf;aom
tm;udk;&m jzpf\/ ,ck pufrSm ysufpD;oGm;cJhNy D jzpfonf/ pufaumif;pOfuvnf; owif; rydkYEdkifc Jh? owif;ydkY&ef ysufuGufcJhonf/
tenf;qHk;tm;jzifh n 8 em&D c&D;pOf owif;udk XmecsKyfrS &½SdcJhvQif uRefawmfwdkY oabFm rnfonfht&yfodkY OD;wnf
ckwfarmif;aeonf/ rnfonfhEIef;ESifh ckwfarmif;aevsuf rnfonfhae&mwGif a&muf½SdaeavmufNyDudk cefYrSef;Edkifrnf jzp fonf/
,ckaomf uRefawmfh oabFmonf &efukefqdyfurf;rS cGmonfwgif xGufcGmonfh taMumif;udkom odcJh&vsuf vrf;c&D;wGif rnfonfh
owif;ydkYcsufrS rjyKcJ h/ þonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY\ uHMur®mudk tqdk;qHk;jzpfaponfh uRefawmfwdkY\bufrS cRwf,Gif;csuf jzpfonf/
,ck tvGef tcsdef aemufuscgrS rnfonfhqufoG,frIudkrQ jyKí r&awmhrS uRefawmf od&awmhonf/
uRefawmfonf a'gojzpfvsuf 0dkif,mvufpufudk ausmcdkif;um yJhpifxuf jyefwufvmcJhonf/
]tajctae b,fvdkvJ AdkvfapmOD;}
]tajctaeu raumif;bl; pDtdk ? aemufcH&if em&D0uf wem&DavmufyJ cHr,f? pDtdk tufpftdktufpf y dkYEdkifcJ hao;ovm;}
AdkvfapOD;u arQmfvifhwMuD; ar;onf/
]ar;raeeJY AdkvfapmOD;? tufpftdktufpfvJ ryd kYEdkifbl;? nuvJ Message wapmifrS rydk YEdkifcJhbl;? pufvJ a½SmY(w) qmuwf jzpfvdkY
ysufoGm;NyD? a&pkyfpufyefY EId;vdkY &ovm;}
]r&bl; pDtdk ? vufeJY pkyfwJh csJvifhyefYeJY ( Challenge Pump ) eJYyJ pufcef;rSm pkwfxkwfae&w,f? pufcef;vJ a&awmfawmf
0ifaeNyDvdkY owif;ydkYw,f}
oabFm0rf;acgif;wGif;rS awmufavQmuf pD;0ifaom a&onf oabFm\ yJhbuf pufcef;wGif;odkY 0ifa&mufp jyKaeNyD jzpfonf/
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oabFmOD;rSm vHk;0jyefraxmifEdkifawmhbJ pdkufaeNyD/ &moDOwkrSm Munfvifvmonf jzpfjcif;a Mumifh armh(p)aumh(p) uRef;rsm;udk
rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wGif ndKYrIdif;rIdif; tkyfqdkif;pGm awGY&onf/ 15 rdkif? rdkif 20 rQomvQif a0;\/ uRefawmfh oabFmonf awmiftpGefqHk;
armh(p)aumh(p) uRef;MuD;\ taemufbufwnfhwnfh rdkif 20 rQ tuGmü 'ku© awGYMuHKae&jcif; jzp fonf/
]AdkvfapmOD;? yJhydkif; tajrmufudk ypfazmufAsm? aemufbufudk Adkvfoef;vGifudk Munhfcdkif; ( Distress Signal ) tazmufcdkif;}
yifv,fjyifwGif oabFmrsm; tEÅ&m,f awGYMuHKcJhaomf tultnDawmif;cHonfh enf;vrf;rsm;teuf aygufuGJapwwfonfh
vufeufwpHkw&mudk tcsufrSefrSef ypfazmufí tultnDawmif;cHjcif;rSm enf;vrf;wvrf;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkY 0ef;usifwGif
oabFm wpif;rQ rawGY&aomfvnf; rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif; wzufrS toHMum;vdkMum;jim;? oabFm wpif;wav ½Sdvdk½Sdjim; ypfazmuf
cdkif;jcif; jzpf\/ cPMumaomf yJhbuf½Sd 40 rr bdkzm tajrmufoHonf jrnf[nf;vsuf xGufay: vmonf/ cPMumaomf ] xdkif;
xdkif; xdkif; xdkif; } [lí csufrSefnDpGm ypfazmufvsufvsuf ½Sd\/ ,rf;axmifh wuyfNyD; wuyfxnfhí ypfazmufaeMuonf/
xdktcsdefü oabFm OD;ydkif;wGif vlae&ef rqdkxm;? oGm;íyif r&onfaMumihf oabFm½Sd vltm;vHk;onf yJhpif\aemufbuf w0dkufESifh
yJhbuf tajrmufpif teD;wGifom wG,fuyfcdkuyfaeMu&onf/ avrSm twefjidrfoGm;Ny Djzpfaomfvnf; vIdif;vHk;rsm;rSm wvHk;NyD; wvHk;
t½Sdeft[kefjyif;pGm qifhuJ vmaeqJjzpfonf/
]AdkvfapmOD;? vlawGtm;vHk; toufu,f tusÐ 0wfxm;cdkif;Asm? aemufNyD; ( Abandon Ship ) ( oabFmpGefYcGmjcif; ) vkyf&&if toifh jzpfaeatmif toufu,fazmifawGudk zGifhxm;Asm}
AdkvfapmOD;onf toufu,f azmifrsm; zGifh&ef yJ hpifxufrS qif;oGm;onf/ uRefawmfwdkY oabFmay:wGif toufu,favS[lí
ryg½Sdacs/ oabFmrSm ao;i,fonfaMumifh toufu,favSwif&ef ae&mr½SdonfhtwGuf toufu,favStpm; a&mfbmjzifh
jyKvkyfxm;onfh toufu,fazmifrsm;udk xkwfay;xm;onf/ c&D;onfwif av,mOfrsm;wGif toHk;jyKonfh tvdktavsmuf
avoGif;jcif; jyKEdkifonfh a&mfbm toufu,fazmif trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/ xdkazmifudk ywÅLpjzifh xkyfydk;xm;um ta&;MuHKrS
yifv,fwGif csí toHk; jyK&jcif; jzpfonf/ xdk toufu,fazmif rsdK; ESpfc k yg½Sd\/
uRefawmfu yJhpifxufrSaeumAdkvfapmOD; azmifzGifh&ef MudK;pm;aeonfh 0JbufyJhydkif; ukef;ywfqD Munfhaeonf/ oabFmrSm
aemufpufudkomvQif ckwfarmif;Edkifonf/ a½S YodkY rarmif;&J rarmif;0H h/ a&wdk;onfh t½S defESifh a&vHkwHcg;ESifh eH&Hrsm; Nyd Kusrnfudk
pkd;&onf/ ,ckyif a&onf pufcef;wGif;odkY pwif 0ifa&mufcJhNyD jzpfonf/ Ad kvfoef;vGifrSm yJhydkif; puftajrmuf azmufjcif;udk
MuD;MuyfaeqJ jzpf\/
oabFmepfawmhrnfrSm aocsmonf/ tcsdefyd kif;rQovQif usefawmhonf/ uRefawmf MuH½G,fonfrSm touf,f azmifESpfpif;udk
0JbufwGif wpif;? ,mbufwGif wpif; tqifoifh zGihfxm;vsuf vltrsm;url aemufqHk; tcsdeftxd oabFm ay:wGifaeMu&ef
jzpfonf/ yifv,f[lonfrSm rajymEdkif/ xdkYtwl oabFmepfjcif; [lonfrSmvnf;' twyf rajymEdkif/ yifv,fjyifonf wcPwGif;
vIdif;av jidrfoufoGm;vQifvnf; oGm;Edkifonf/ odkYqdkvQif wenf; wvrf;jzifh uRefawmfwdkY oabFmudk repfjrKyfap&ef
jyKaumif;jyKEdkifrnf/ xdkY jyif oabFmonf vHk;0 pHk;pHk;jrKy faomfrS jrKyfrnf/ oabFmwae&mwGif avcdkaejcif;aMumifh
&ufaygif;twefMum a&ay:wydkif;ay:í arsmaewwfonfh oabFrsm; taMumif;udk uRefawmf Mum;zl;em;0 ½S dcJhonf/ odkYjzpfc JhvQif
uRefawmfwdkYvlpkonf azmifay:wGifaeMuum azmifESpfpif;udk oabFmESifh wGJcsnfxm;jcif;tm;jzifh tjcm; oabFmrsm;u jrifEdkifcGifh?
touf½SifcGifh ydkrsm;rnf/ xdktMuHESifh azmifwpif;udk uRefawmfu 0Jbuf yJhydkif;wGif prf;oyf tzGifhc dkif;jzif; jzpfonf/
]prf;oyftzGifhcdkif;} [k qdkjcif;rSm þ toufu,f azmifrsdK;udk ,cifu uRefawmf toHk;rjyKcJhzl;onfomru jrifyif rjrifzl;cJ hacs/
uRefawmfom r[kwf? AdkvfapmOD;vnf; zGifhí rMunhfzl;ay/ olonf toufu,fazmifh zGifhonfh tnGef;udk azmif &pfywf
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xkyfxm;onfh ywÅLp ay:wGif zwf½INyD;aemuf azmifMudK;p ao;ao; wacsmif;udk ,lum oabFmvuf&ef;wdkifwGif &pfywf csnfaESmif
vdkkufonf/ xdkYaemuf teD;wGif½ Sdaom &Jabmfrsm;\ tultnDjzifh azmifxkyfudk ru yifv,fwGif;odkY ypfcsvdkufawmh\/
]zkef;} ceJ toH jrnfoH Mum;&NyD;onfhaemufwGif ]½ª;} [laom toH½SnfMuD; wrdepfcefY jrnfoH Mum;&NyD;onfhaemuf uRefawmfwdkY\
rsufpda½SYwGifyif vdar®mfa&mif½Sdonfh a&mfbmazmifwckonf yifv,fjyifxufwGif rsufvSnfhjyvdkufonfhtvm; yGihfum;
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 42
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MudK;pi,fwckudk oabFmvuf&ef;wGif csnfí azmifudk a&wGifypfcsvdkuf&m azmifyGifhaponfh avtdk;rS tzGifhbm;udk MudK;u
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vdkufonfwGif uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm; tay:usoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ vlu ESpfxyfru oHk;xyfrQ jzpfaeonf/
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þwGifrS uRefawmfonf azmiftwGif;ydkif;odkY tptqHk; yxrqHk; tMudrftjzpf wOD;wnf; avhvmcGifh&awmh\/ azmifwGif;0,f
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 45
11/ EdkifvGefMudK;i,f ( t½Snf ayig;q,fcefY ) 1 acG/ 12/ ta&;ay: olemjyKypönf; ( oH aowÅmi,f ) 1 aowÅm/ 13/ azmiftoHk;jyK&ef enf; nGefMum;csuf ( yvyfpwpf pmtkyf ) 1 tkyf/ 14/ Muufaygif a&jrKyf ( a&pkyfxkwf&eftwGuf ) 2 ck/
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1956 ck/
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1956 ck/
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uRefawmf a&ray;EdkifcJh/ aomufa&wiHkpmudktcsdefusrSom ay;Edkifrnf jzpfonf/
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uRefawmfu nGefMum;cJhonf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfh nGefMum;csufonf nGefMum;csufomvQif jzpf\/ yifv,fa&u tcsdefra½G;
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trdefYremcHcJhjcif;rSm nwGif bl;ay:ovdk ay:awmhonf/ 24 em&DrQyif rcH? yifv,fa& aomufol [lorQ 0rf;'va[m
oGm;awmhonf/ wyfMuyf pufausmfnGefYESifh wyfom; ausmfausmf wdkYvnf; 0rf;oGm;Muonf/ tpmrpm;&í tm; r½Sd&onfhMum;u 0rf;
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nydkif;wGif AdkvfapmOD;\ tajctae tawmfqdk;vmonf/ vufusef oMum;vHk;onf naeuyifa0í ukefcJhNyDjzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkYwGif aomufa& bl;rsm;om usefawmh\/ olu a&aomufvdkaMumif; ajymonf/ uRefawmfuvnf; olYtm;aewdkufvQif
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olonf tirf;r& aomufonf/ olY rsufESmrSm tpOfvdk ½IHYrJ hae&mrS twef oufom&m &ovdk e*dk&nf rsufESmxm; jyefjzpfoGm;NyD;
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1956 ck/
'DZifbm 2 &uf/
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ta½SYbufqDwGif uRef;pkrsm;udk awGY&onf/ uRef;MuD;wckvHk;u ajrmufbufususESifh awmifbufwGif uRef;tkyfpkrsm;u tpDt&D?
tuGmta0;rSm teD;qHk; uRef;ESif h 15 rdkifrQom ½S donf/ armh(p)aumh uRef;pkrsm;yifavm/ twyf rajymEdkifNyD/ uRefawmfh
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uRefawmfwdkYavSmfonfrSm t&mra&muf[k qdkaomfvnf; ydkírQ jrefvdk jre fjim; MudK;pm;orIawmh jyK&ayOD;awmhrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf
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1956 ck/
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tuGmta0;rSm ae&DvmonfESifhtrQ y dkrkd e D;vmjcif;aMumifh uRef;ay:wGif vlol½Sdygujrifvdkjirfjim; rD;usnf ypfjyapcsifMuonf/
wvHk;wnf;om usef½SdawmhaomavxD;rD;usnfudk uRefawmf roHk;pGJ&Jyg/ raocsmvQif roHk;onfrSmtaumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
vufusef ½Sdao;onfh rD;eDrD;usnf 6vHk;rQ tcsdefqGJí ypfazmufygonf/ &JabmftcsdKYurl atmf[pfvQifyif toHMum;Edkifavmufrnf
xifonfaMumifh
]avSvGwfvdkufMuygAsKdY}[k qifhuJ atmfEdkifolu qufatmfaeonf/ wck xl;jcm;onfrSm olwdkYonf'ku©onfrsm; atmfMuouJhodkY
]u,fawmfrlMuygAsdKY} [lí ratmfbJ]avSvGwfvdkufMuygAsdKY} [kom tultnD omrefawmif;yHrsdK;jzifh atmfjcif;jzpfonf/ Mumawmh
toHemvmí qufratmfEdkifawmh/ urf;ajcudk vIdif;½dkufoHuw0kef;0kef; Mum;ae&onf/ urf;ajc axmufrdNyD xifjcif;aMumifh
qif;axmufMunfholu Munfhonf/
n8 em&DcefYwGif ESpf&ufcGJwdkif oabm aumif;aeonfh yifv,favonfta½SYt&yfqDrS wdkufvmawmh\/ wem&D xuf wem&D
avjyif;xefvmonf/ vIdif;vHk;u yd kMuD;vmonf/ wnvHk; vIdif;ESifh a&udkeyef;vHk;Mu&onf/ wnvHk; rnfolrQ tdyfMu&/
eHeufvif;onfwGif ..../
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1956 ck/
'DZifbmv 4 &uf/
eHeufvif;onfwGif ,refaeYu naeu oHk;rdkifrQom uGma0;awmhonfh uRef;MuD;rSm 10 rdkifcefY tuGmwGif a&mufaeawmhonf/
,refaeY naeu arQmfvifhcsufMuD;pGm xm;cJh&onfh uRef;MuD;u uRefawmfwdkYwawG\ tPÖ0gudk tefwk ,SOfNydKifr Itm;
jyuf&,fjyKonfhtvm; vSrf;Munfhaeonf xif&\/ uRefawmfonf uRef;MuD;udk Munfh&if; aMumufvmonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf
wa,mufESifh wa,muf pum;rajymEdkifMubJ ta½SYqDrS uRef;MuD;qDodkYom ai;Munfh&if; tawG; udk,fpDESifh ½ SdaeMuonf/
pdwf"mwfusjcif;um; þwGif pavNyD/ tawG;vIdif;rsm;onf pdwf"mwf ausmufom;udk yGwfwdkufpm;p NyKNyD jzpfawmhonf/
&JabmfwdkY pdwf"mwfusonfudk ukpm;&ef taumif;qHk;rSm tvkyfjzpfonf/ xdkYa Mumihf uRefawmfu ,ckavNidrfoGm;NyD jzpfjcif;aMumifh
ta½SYqDodkY jyefavSmfjyeful;vQif a&mufEdkifaMumif; ajymaomfvnf; rnfolrQ pdwf0ifpm;yHk rjyMuawmh/ avSmfcwf cdkif;&mwGifvnf;
0wfauswrf;ausom avSmfMuawmhonf/ olwdkYud tjypf rwifEdkifyg/ uRef;urf;ajcESifh oHk;r dkifrQ eD;uyfNyD;r S wzef yifv,fjyifodkY
vGifhpOfarsmygonf [lonfrSm tcHpm;& tcufqHk;aom a0'em? þa0'emonf vlwdkif;\pdwfudk xdcdkufaprnfom jzpf\/
&Jabmfrsm; pdwf"mwfusNyD qdkvQif rnfrQ uGyfuJ&cufonfrSm ppfqkwfzl;onfh wyfrª;wdkif; od½SdEdkifMuygonf/ ,ck uRefawmfwdkY
yifv,fjyifESifh ppfqifMu&mwGif yifv,fjyifu tEdkif&p jyKNyDjzpf\/
AdkvfMuD;apmOD;ESifh wyfom; ausmfausmf qdkolwdkYrSm azmifay:rS vHk;0rqif;Edkifawmh/ eHeuf azmifoefY½Sif;a&; vkyf&mwGifyif
olwdkYESpfOD;tm; azmifay:rSm aecGifhjyKxm;&onf/ azmif\ ab;udk vSnfhywf ppfaq;&m yifv,f c½kao;ao;uav;rsm;onf
azmif0rf;jyif ae&mtcsdKYwGif uyfwG,fp jyKaeNy D jzpfonfukd awGY&\/ c½kuav;rsm;rSm Murf;ydk; waumifrQavmufom ½Sdonf/
tcsdKYrSm Murf;ydk;xufyif ao;i,fao;onf/ uRefawmfu cGmMunfh&m wcsdKYygvmí wcsdKY a&wGif jyKwfusonf/ cGm&orQudk cGmum
pm;Munhfrdonf/ pm;í &onf/ xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfu pdrfajyeajy cGmpm;aeonf/ wcsdKY &Jabmfrsm;u uRefawmf cGmpm;aeonfudk
jrifjcif;aMumifh olwdkYvnf; vkduf½Sm cGmpm;Muonf/ pm;&onfu bmrQ r[kwfayr,fh &aohpdwfajz jyKaejcif;om/ Adkvfoef;vGifESifh
uRefawmfwdkYrSm a&wGifqif;í ul;Mu? qGJMuao;onf/ &Jabmfrsm;rSm pdwf"mwf usvGef;jcif;aMumifh a&wGifyif MumMum raeMuyJ
azmifay:wufum ab;ywf0ef;usifudk arQmfMunfhaeMuonf/ ,cktcgwGif uRef;a&muf½Sda&;onf rjzpfEdkifawmh/ oabFmwpif;rS
awGY½Sd u,fwifa&;onfvQif wckwnf;aom jzpfEdkifonfh enf;vrf; jzpfawmhonf/ uRefawmfh azmifonf avwdkufwkdif;
ta½SYav'Pfu taemuf yifv,fqDodkYom wGef;ydkYcHae&onf/ a&pD;aMumif;u avrvmvQif ta½SYqdodkY qGJonf/ odkYaomf
av'PfaMumifh taemuf yifv,f b*Fvm;atmfwGif;odkY vGifhcsifwdkif; vGifhapcJhvQif arQmfvifhcsuf ½Sdao;onf/ xdkarQmfvifhcsufrSm
ukefoG,fa&aMumif; oabFmrsm; oGm;vmwwfonfh vrf;aMumif; teD;wGif tcsdef MumEdkiforQ MumjrifhpGm aejcif;yif jzpf\/
taemufodkY arsmygaejcif;udk qefYusifEdkifonfh wckwnf;aom enf;vrf;ESifh tiftm;rSm a&xD;yif jzpf\/ uRefawmfonf a&xD;ukd
iHkYMunhfwdkif; a&xD;u ta½SYqDwGifyif pGifhum; yGif hvsuf ½Sdonfudk awGY&\/
xdkYaMumifh azmifay:wGif a&xD;aemufwck jyKvkyfEdkifonfh t0wfpudk ½SmazG&m wpHkwOD;\ befaumufvHkcsnfpdrf; wxnfudk
awGY&onfESifh MudK;ESifh odkif;í a&xD; ( a&½Guf ) jyKum a&wGif csxm;cJh\/ uRefawmfwdkY jyKvkyfaom a&xD;onfvnf;
rlva&xD;enf;wl azmifudk qGJaeaMumif; 0rf;ompGm awGY&onf/
uRefawmfwdkYwonf avSmfjcif;? qGJjcif; trItm;vHk;udk vufavQmh vkdufMuygawmhonf/ &JabmftcsdKYrSmrl avSmfwuf½SdaevQif
avSmfcdkif;rnf pdk;jcif;aMumifh avSmfwuf jyKvkyfonfh t&mrSeforQ vltvpfwGif a&ü ypfcsMuonf/ azmifay:wGifvnf; vlrrmrsm;
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ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmNyD jzpfonfhtwGuf toHk;r0ifonfh t&m? taetxdkif usOf;usyfapaom t&mrSeforQ a&wGif ypfcsxm;cJhMuonf/
a&ykvif; tcGHMuD;udk rnfonfhtcsdefu rnfol ypfcsxm;cJhonf rod&awmh? r½Sd NyD/
1956 ck/
'DZifbm 5 &uf/
eHeufvnf;onfwGif uRef;rSm ysysuav;rQom jrif&awmhonf/ toufu,f azmifonf taemufbuf b*Fvm;atmfqDodkY arsmygcJhNyD
jzpfonf/ azmifay:½Sd & Jabmfwpk\ cGeftm; pdwf"mwftm; wdkYonfvnf; 'l;qpftxd avsmhyg;oGm;cJhavNyD/ rnfolrQ
pum;rajymvdkawmh/ pum;ajym&onfrSm tvGeftm;pdkuf&í tvGefyifyef;um tvGeftm;ukefonfudk tm;r½SdwmhonfhtcgwGifrS
twdtus od&onf/ rif;wdkY ajym&wm armw,fuGm [laom toHk;rSm pum;t&momvQif r[kwfyg/
vlrrmrsm;onfvnf; tajctae qdk;vmonfxuf qdk;vmum vlrrm OD;a&vnf; wdk;vmcJhonf/
tcsdKYrSm usef;rmMuao;onfh tajctaewGifyif ½Sdaomfvnf; aeYcif;wGif yifv,fwGif; rqif;vdkMuawmh/ azmifay:wGifyif jzpfovdk
vJavsmif;í rSdef;aecsifMuonf/
uRefawmfonf xdkaeY eHeufu jrifuGif;wckay:wGif pdwfrcsKyfwnf;Edkifavmufatmif jzpfoGm;cJ honf/
]a[h ... armifjrifh? tJ'g bmvkyfwmvJ}
vlxGm;MuD; wyfom; armifjrifhon tpövmrfbmom0if &JabmfwOD;jzpf\/ olonf azmifay:wGifyif tpOfvdk aeum aeYcif; aea&mif
aumif;aumif;&onfwGif ol\ aygifwHMuD;udk azmiftjyifbufwGif xkwfum aygifay:wGif ai GpuúLtcsdKYudk aevSef;aeonf/ olYwGif
om;a&tdwfESifh aiGtcsdKY ygvmonf/ om;a&tdwfrSm a&pdkaejcif;aMumifh aiGrsm;r Smvnf; a&pdkaeNyD jzpfonf/ olonf eHeufESifh
aeYvnfwdkif; tcGifhoifhvQif oifhovdk olYwGif ygvmaom aiGpuúLrsm; ajcmufaoGY ap&ef aexkwfvSef;onf/ om;a&tdwfudk
aea&mifjyonf/
yxr&ufrsm;wGif uRefawmfu bmrS rajymcJh/ ]at;av olYaiGyJ? ol E SajrmvdkY aerSmaygh} [laom pdwfESifh vspfvsL½Ium aecJh\/
odkYaomf xdkaeY eHeufwGifrl uRefawmfhpdwfu tawmf tcsOfaygufvmNyD jzpfonf/
]aiGpuúL aevSef;wmyg pDtdk} olu bmrS rxl;jcm;onfh tvm; ajz½dk; ajzpOfom ajzonf/ uRefawmf ar;onfudkyif
em;rvnfonfhtvm; uRefawmfhtm; jyefMunfhonf/
]'DrSm rif; aiGpuúL ajcmufoGm;awmh b,frSm bm0,fpm;rvJ? aomufusdK;enf; 'DrSm vlawGjzifh b,fvdkae b,fvdkaoMurvJ rodbl;?
jyefodrf;xm;vdkuf? ig rMunfhcsifbl;? aemufwcg awGY&if rif;aiGpuúLa&m tdwfa&m ig vGifhypfrdvdrfhr,f Mum;vm;}
olonf ][kwfuJh [kwfuJh pDtd k} [k ajymum aiGpuúLrsm;udk uysmuoD olYaygifay:rS cGmum aiGtdwfwGif; jyefoGif;onf/
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olYaygifrSm npOf nquf tqdwfcHxm;&onfaMumifh oajyoD;rSnfha&mif tndKtrnf; tuGufMuD;rsm; xaeawmh\/ olY
aygifvHk;MuD;u rao;vSonfhtwGuf npOfvdkyif trsm;\ arwÅmudk cH,lxm;&aom aygifvHk;MuD; jzpfonf/
xdkaeY naewGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm; yifv,fuPef;waumifu azmifab;wGif ,ufuef ,ufuef ay:vmonf/
uPef;rSm udk,fxnfcsnf;yif vufzuf&nfyef;uefjym;0dkif;avmuf ½Sdonf/
uRefawmfwdkYonf uPef;udk tvG,fwulyif q,f,lNyD; azmifay:wGif wpdwf wydkif;pDjyKum uPef;vufr? ajcrsm;ESif h udk,fwdkYrS
&EdkiforQaom tom;wdkYudk a0iSpm;aomufvdkufMu\/
tpdrf;pm;onfh ae&mwGif uPef;onf pifa&mfxufawmh tnDoufomonfrdkY rqdk;vS[k qdk&ayrnf/
nae aomufa& a0onfh tcsdefwGif vufusef aomufa&bl; jyóemudk uRefawmf pOf;pm;&p jyKNyD jzpfonf/
,ck aomufa&a0onfh twdkif;tqwGif waeYvQif aomufa& av;bl; uefkonf/ eHeuf ESpfbl;? nae ESpfbl;/ þtcs dK;twdkif;
oHk;aeygu aemufxyf wywfpmrQom usef½Sdawmhonf/
uRefawmfwdkYteuf tusef;rmqHk;aom olyif wywf? tvGefqHk; q,f&ufrQom touf½SifcGifh &awmhrnf/ wywftwGif;
u,fq,frnfh a&,mOf wpHkw&mudk awGY½Sdonfhwdkif uRefawmfwdkYteufrS rusef;rmol vlrrmtrsm;rSm þrQxd cHMurnf r[kwf[k
uRefawmf wGufrdonf/
uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk; toufr½SifEdkifcJ haomf ½SifEdki fol aexdkifcGifhudkom arQmfvifh&awmhrnf jzpf\/
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1956 ck/
'DZifbmv 6 &uf/ tvif;a&mifvmonfESifh arQmfvifhcsuf a&mifjcnfonf vHk;0 aysmufuG,f oGm;cJhavNyDjzpfonf/ ,refaeYu ysysuav;rQ
jrifae&aom uRef;rSm vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;cJhavNyD/ odkYaomf uRefawmfonf &Jabmfrsm;pdwf"mwfrusap&eftwGuf ,cktcgwGif
urf;ajcuRef; ponfwdkYudkrjrif&awmhaomfvnf; toufu,fazmifonf ukefoG,fa&aMumif;oabFmMuD;rsm; &efukefESifh
pifumyloGm;&m vrf;aMumif;wGifa&mufaeNyDjzpfonfhtwGuf ,cifuxuf ydkí touf½Sif&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;aMumif; ajymjy&onf/
uRefawmf ajymonfudk ,Hkolvnf; ½Sdonf/r,Hkolvnf; ½Sdaumif; ½S drnf/ r,Hkolu ydkrsm;onf xif\/ odkYaomfolwdkYonf uRefawmfh
pum;ukd r,Hkonfhwdkif rnfodkYrQ a0zefajymqdkjcif;rjyKMu/ ,HkMunfol rsm;url uRefawmfhpum;ukd
0rf;omtm;&MudKqdkMuonf/wyfom;^puf vSaz? ausmfjrifh? vSjrif hESifh wyfom;^pm;cef;cifarmifwdkYu tMuGif;rJ h vufcH
,HkMunfMuonf/ jzpfEdkifonf rjzpfE dkifonftyxm; olwdkY acgif;aqmif ppfa&,mOfrª;\ pum;udk vufcH ,HkMunfonfomjzpf\/ ]awGYw,f r[kwfvm; igajymwm? wdkYraoygbl;vdkY? ck w&ufESpf&ufqdk oabFmMuD;awGeJY awGYrSm aocsmw,f} ausmfjrifhu ajymvdkufonfudk vSjrifhESifh cifarmifwkdYu axmufcHMuonf/ ][kwfw,fuG? ck Look out Duty uswJh vlawG aoaocsmcsm MunhfzdkYvdkw,f? oabFmMuD; wpif;pif;eJY awGYrSm aocsmw,f} olwdkYonfarQmfvifhcsufrsm; vHk;0 ravQmhMuao;aomfvnf; toHuawmh aysmhaysmhrQom½SdMuawmh\/ wa,mufESifh wa,muf
tjyif;txef tjiif;oefjcif;vnf; rjyKawmh/uRefawmfajymonfudk vHk;0vnf; pdwfr0ifpm;? rnfodkYrQvnf; yg0ifaqG;aEG;jcif;
rjyKMuonfrSm vlrrmrsm;ESifh wyfMuyfMuD; cifarmif0if;wdkYjzpfonf/ wyfMuyfMuD;cifarmif0if;rSm tom;jzLí twefMunhf½Iaumif;aomol wa,mufjzpf\/ olonft*Fvdyf jrefrm ujym;jzpfvsuf
olYemrnf&if;rSm t*D;aem ( Ageenor ) jzpfonf/olonf vl axmifaxmifarmif;armif; ½SdonfESifhtrQ p dwf"mwfu
EkvSonf/yifv,fa&wGif;odkY rnfonfhtcgrQ rqif;? azmifay:wGifom xdkifrIdifai;awG;vsuf ½Sdonf/
]a[h ... t*D;aem? a&xJqif;NyD; aeygvm;? vm 'DrSm ig½Sdw,f} uRefawmfu olYudk acsmharmhí a&xJ ac:onf/ ]aeygap pDtdk? uRefawmf 'Day:uyJ Look out *sLwD ,lyghr,f} ]rif; aeylavmifvSNyD uG? ukd,fxJrSm ½SdwJh a&awG cef;roGm;atmif a&xJrSm pdrfae&r,f} oltom;jzLonfrSm olYtwGuf tm;enf;csufjzpfonf/ olYrsufESmonfMunhfraumif;atmif aeavmifum tom;rsm; ajcmufí
tzwfvdkuf uGmpjyKaeNyDjzpfonf/ ta&jym; uGmonfhae&mrsm;rSm eDeD tuGufMuD;rsm; jzpfae\/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;\ tajctaerSm txl; qdk;vmawmhonf/ ol\ 0rf;A dkufjyifonfausmufom;wrQ wif;rmaeum t½Sdefvnf;
ylavmifvS\/ 0rf;Ad kufESifhausmjyifrSm uyfí aeayNyD/ uRefawmfu rnfolYudkrQ qm;iefa& aomufcGifhjyKrxm;onfhMum;u ol
a&awmif;aeonfudk em;rcHEdkifonfhwyfMuyfarmifat;u qm;iefa& cdk;wkdufcJhonf/ vlrrm tm;r½Sd&onfhtxJ qm;iefa&
'PfaMumifh &ifrsm; ylavmifumatmhtefaeawmhonf/ 0rf;wGif tpm r½Sdonfh Mum;u yspfcRJcRJ t&nfrsm;taeESifh 0rf;avQm
jyefao;onf/ AdkvfapmOD;onf owdr&wcsuf &wcsufjzpfaeaomfvnf; owd&onfhtcsdefwdkif;wGif olYudk,fol t&m½Sd wOD;[lonfh
todu ½SdaeonfaMumifh ua,mufuwrf; atmf[pf nnf;nLjcif; rjyK/olYa&m*gudk ol MudwfrSdwf cHaeonf/ wyfom; ausmfausmfrSm
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olYavmuftajctae rqkd;vSao;aomfvnf; atmf[pf nnf;nLum vSdrfhaeawmh\/ vlrrmrsm;udkoufompGm aeEdkif&ef
ae&may;&onfh jyóemrSm waeYwjcm; vlrrmrsm;onfESifh ydkí MuD;rm;vmawmhonf/ oMum;vHk;ukefcJhNyD jzpfonf/ udk,fwGif oMum;"mwf ukefonfü pdwvnf;azmufvmonf/pdwfazmufonfwGif olYtm½kHwGif;ü
aMumufrufzG,f aumif;aom tqif;oP²mefrsm;onf o&Jvdk wapävdk bDvl;vdk ay:vm[ef ½Sd\/ ausmfausmfonfvSJae&mrS
uysmuoD ½kef;uefxum ]atmifr,fav;o&JMuD;As? o&JMuD; uRefawmfhudk qGJaeNyD? vkyfygOD;?vkyfMuygOD;} [k ua,mifuwrf; xonf/ olYtm; teD;½Sd vlrsm;u
twif;0dkif;csKyfxm;um vSJcs&onf/ yifv,fjyif ntarSmifxktwGif;wGifwpHkwOD;u wapäo&J jrifawGY&onf [lí
aMumufvefYwMum; atmf[pfoHonfwGif usefvlpk twGuf rnfrQ acsmufcsm;zG,f jzpfygoenf;/ xdkxufacsmufcsm;zG,faumif;aom jzpf&yfrSm nOfhtcg yifv,fjyifarSmifMuD;rnf;rnf;twGif;rS ]½ª;} ceJ ]½ª;} ceJ atmfjrnfoHMuD;
jzpfonf/yxraomf uRefawmfwdkYpD;aom azmifrS av aygufxGufoH xifum xdwfvefYwMum;jzpfoGm;onf/ azmifudk
prf;Munfhrdonf/ rnfodkYrQ rjzpf/ avavsmhonfrawGY&/ wzef ]½ª;} ceJ atmfjrnfoH ay:vmjyefonf/ azmifrS avxGufoHr[kwf/
yifv,fjyif tarSmifxk twGif;rS ouf½Sd owÅ0gwaumif\ touf ½ªxkwfavrIwfoHom jzpfonf/ þwGif uRefawmf odNyD/ þyifv,fjyif w0dkufwGif ,cif oGm;vmpOfu aeYtcgrsm;ü ( Porpoise ) ac:vif;½ª;zdkr a&jyifxuf
wufum aysmfjrL;upm;MuonfudkawGYjrifcJhzl;onf/ vif;½ª;armifESHonf azmifywf0ef;usif w0dkufwGif½Sdae&rnf[k uRefawmf
odvkdufonf/ vif;½ª;onftEÅ&m,fay;wwfonfh owÅ0g r[kw f/ ol ½Sdaejcif; jzifhyif ig;ref;rsm;teD;tyg; rvmawmh/ olY avrIwfoHudk
ig;ref;rsm; rcHEdkif/ ig;ref;onf olYavrIwfjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:onfh a&xkzdtm; ( Acoustic Pressure ) udkaMumufonf/ vif;½ª;
½Sd&m a'owGif ig;ref;rvm/ wenf;tm;jzifh vif;½ª;armifESH ½Sdaejcif;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm; ig;ref; ab;rS uif;a0;aponf/odkYaomf
aMumufwmuawmh aMumufonfyif jzpf\/
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]r[kwfwm AdkvfapmOD;&,f? cifAsm; aemufqHk; tcsdeftxd arQmfvifhcsuf xm;prf;yg? tm;ravsmhprf;ygeJY? uRefawmfwdkYrSm csefY ( Chance ) ½Sdygao;w,f} ]uRefawmfaooGm;&iftm;vHk;twGuf csefY yd kaumif;r,f? uRefawmf[m pDtdktwGuf jyóem jzpfaeNyD?vlydk jzpfaeNyDqdkwm odw,f?
½SifoifhwJhol ½Sif? aooifhwJhol ao ( Survival of the fittest ) qdkwJh rlaygh} olonfaemufqHk;tcsdeftxd owd aumif;onf/ aemufqHk; tcsdeftxd olzwfrSwfrdcJhorQtwGif;rS odyÜHynm½Sif 'g0if\
tqdktrdefYwckudk owd&aeao;onf/ Survival of the fittest wJh/ awmfolae a½Smfolao [k olu qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf/ ]uJ ... uJ? odyf pum;rajymeJY armr,f? tomjidr fae} xdknonfvlrrmrsm; a&m*g tonf;qHk;n jzpf\/ udk,fcEm tm;jzifh MuHhcdkifoefpGrf;vSonf [laom vlxGm;MuD; armifjrifhonfyif
rcHEdkifawmh/ olonf ol\aiGpuúLrsm;udk aexkwfrvSef;&ef uRefawmf ajymvdkufonfhaeYrSpumpdwf"mwf usqif;oGm;cJh\/
vlaumifrSmvnf; tawmf csHK;oGm;NyD jzpfonf/
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1956 ck/
'DZifbmv 8 &uf/
AdkvfapmOD;tp tokb&ufrsm;/
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yifv,furSefa&mifvufouJhodkY a&mifjyefxGu faeonf/ owd tvQif;r&oavmuf½SdNyD jzpfaom wyfom; ausmfausmfu ]azmifudk
azmufcGJaeNyD?azmufcGJaeNyD} [k ua,mufuwrf; ief;azmufum atmf[pfaejcif;aMumifhvlwdkif; tvefYwMum; jzpfukefMuonf/ ol ol
ua,mufuwrf; atmfawmhrS azmiftajctaeudk pkd;&drfonfxuf pdk;&drfvmawmh\/ uRefawmfwdkYtouf½Sifa&;wGif ta&;MuD;onfrSm
]a&} omvQif r[kwf? avonfvnf;ta&;MuD;vSonf/ azmifav avsmhí twGif;½Sd avrsm; xGufoGm;cJhvQif?aygufxGuf uGJysufcJhvQif
wNyHKwnf; tcsDwnf; wNydKifeufa&epfaoqHk;&rnf jzpfawmh\/ xdkaeYeHeufu azmif oefY½Sif;a&; vkyfpOf azmifudk vSnfhywfppfaq;Munhf½ª&m azmif\ avwif;rmrI twefaysmhvmNyD
jzpfonfudkawGYod&rd\/ wae&m&mrSm avpdrfhxGufae&ayrnf/ ae&mudk½SmrawGYao;rD avsmhyg;oGm;aom avudk tcsdefrD
jznfhxm;&rnf jzpf\/azmifxufwGif avjznfh&ef avxkd;wHtjzpf vufESifh taumf'D,HqGJovdkqGJ&aom zm;zdki,f wck½Sdonf/
avjznfh&e ae&m[k jyxm;aombm;i,f wck½Sdonf/ xdk bm;aygufae&mwGif avjznfh zm;zdkrS ydkufudkwyfí wa,mufwvSnfhpD
avxkd;MuaomtcgrS azmifrSm twefi,fjyefíawmifhwif;vmonf/ avrsm;udk xkwfypfEdkifonfh bm;aygufudk
avtkd;ESifhqufxm;aom avjznfh ydkufacgif;aygufonf uRefawmf MuD;pGm owdjyKvsufapmifhMuyf Munfh½I&rnfh ae&m/ xdkae&mrS
avxGufoGm;cJhvQifvuf½Sd zm;zdkESif h rwwfEdkif jzpfrnfrSm aocsmonf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;rSmvHk;0 rxEdkifawmhonfomru azmifwGif;rSmyif 0rf;oGm;aeaomaMumifholYatmufwGif t0wfwxnf
cif;xm;ay;&um 0rf;oGm;wdkif;azmifoefY½Sifha&; vkyfay;ae&onf/ wyfMuyfpHcdktajctaeraumif;? wyfom;ausmfausmf? wyfMuyf puf ausmfnGefYwdkYvnf;tajctae qkd;vSonf/ wyfMuyfMuD;
cifarmif0if;rSm azmifwGif;okdYvnf; r0if?azmifEIwfcrf;ay:wGifom aeYnxdkifí idki faeaomaMumifh olY rsufvHk;rsm;rSmaMumifaeonf/
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taysmhqHk; tEkqHk;aom pdwf"mwfrsm; ½Sd Muonf/ n 10 em&DavmufwGif AdkvfMuD;apmOD; tarmazmufvmonf/ b,fnm vl;aeonf/ touf½ª&onfrSm cufcJyifyef;vS[ef ½Sdonf/
]pDtdk ... pDtdk} uRefawmfu olYteD;wGifyif tpOf½S donf/ ]bmvJ AdkvfapmOD;? uRefawmf 'DrSm ½Sdw,fav} ]a& ... a& ... aomufa& wcGufavmuf ay;yg pDtdk&,f} þpum;udkuRefawmf Mum;&vdrfhrnfom[k wyftyfodonf/ þpum;onf uRefawmfrMum;csifqHk;pum;om jzpfonf/ uRefawmf
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r½Sdjcif;aMumifhem;udk ydwfxm;vsuf rMum;csifa,mif aqmifae½kHom ½Sdawmh\/rcsdwifuJESifhyif olYtm; rMum;csifa,mif jyKaecJhonf/
vspfvsL½Iae&onf/ oluvnf; a&udkom wpmpm awmif;ae\/
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uRefawmfpOf;pm;onfrSm AdkvfapmOD;onf aovl jzpfaeNyD/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;uolYtm; touf½SifapsifMuaomfvnf; olonf
aorif;wHcg;0odkYa&mufaeNyDjzpfonfh vlwa,muf/ ½Sm;yg;vSonhf aomufa&csdK wcGufudkrqdkxm;? wbl;vHk;udkyif
olwa,mufwnf; aomufonfhwkdif touf½SifEdkifrnfr[kwfawmh/ wdkufvQif ol wa,mufwnf; wdkufí udpö rNyD;/ tjcm;
vlrrm&Jabmfrsm;udkvnf; wdkuf&ayOD;rnf/ tcs def r[kwfbJESifhaomufa&bl;ESpfbl;udk tydkoufouf uRefawmf rjzKef;Edkifyg/
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jzpf\/ command Responsibility tkyfcsKyfrItmPm [lonf &ufa&mpGm apwemxm;jcif; ESifh &ufpufpGm wdusjywfom;jcif;wdkY
yl;wGJvsuf olY ae&mESifhol oHk;&jcif;yifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfonfem;rcHEdkifomonfh tqHk;ü yifv,fwGif;rS qm;ief&nfwcGufudk vufvSrf;ícyfum olYtm; ay;vdkuf\/ wyfMuyf
armifat;u olY OD;acgif;udk az;rumolYtm; ay;wkdufonf/ olonf a&udk wusdKufaomufvkdufNyD;rS]qm;iefa&awGygAsm} [k
aemufqHk;aom pum;udk qdkum ab;odkY acGusoGm;vsuf apmif;iJhusoGm;onf/ xdkYaemuf rvIyfr,Sufawmh/ tm;vHk;onfolYtwGuf
0rf;enf;Muaomfvnf; b,forQ ridk/ bmudkrQ rqdk/ tvsifoGm;ESifholESifh aemufvdkuf&rnfholcsnf;om jzpfonf [laom tokb
ur®|mef;udkw'*FtwGif; xdk;xGif; xifjrifoGm;onf/ olonfoabFmysuf 'ku©onf &JabmfwpkwGif yxrOD;qHk;aom aoqHk;ol jzpfonf/olonf oabFmysufNyD; aemuf ½Spf&uf wdkifwkdif
udk,fcEmrusef;rmayrifh pdwf ZGJ E Sifh owÅdudk jyoGm;onfh t&m½S daumif; wOD;jzpfonf/ n11 em&DwGif ol\ cE©mudk,fudk a&wGif csaponf/ a&odkY rcsrDolY udk,fay:wGif 0wfqifxm;cJhonfh ukwftusÐudk
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qufvuf vkdufygMurnfholrsm; ½SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ olavvm;? udk,favvm; rod/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;aoqHk;onfh nü avonf nOfheufonfwGif jyif;onfxufjyif;pGmwdkufcdkufcJhonf/ eHeufydkif;
rdk;pifpifvif;awmhrSavNidrfoGm;onf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;onf 'DZifbmv 9 &uf eHeuf qnf;qmudkjrifawGY roGm;cJh&awmhyg/
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1956 ck/
'DZifbmv 9 &uf/
vufusef aomufa&bl; tajctaerSm raumif;awmhNyD jzpfjcif;a Mumifh a&ay;a0csdefudk waeY ESpfMudrf ajymif;vJ owfrSwfum
aomufwbl;udk vl 17 a,muf a0iSrQaomuf&onf/ aomuf&onfh a&rSm vl wa,muftwGuf tvGefenf;yg;onf/ yufjcif
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arQmfvifhcsuf ESpfckudk apmifhMu&rnf/ arQmfvifhcsuf (wpf) rSm u,fwifol awGYrnfh&uf ESifh arQmfvifhcsuf (ESpf) rSm rdrd aoqHk;rnfh
&ufyif jzpf\/
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rxifol wa,mufyg xdkaeYu xyfqHk;ao;\/ jzpfyHkrSm xl;qef;vSonf/ aMuuGJ 0rf;enf;zG,f aumif;vSonf/
aeYv,f 11 em&DavmufwGif taemufbuf rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;cGifü {&mr yifv,ful; oabFmMuD; wpif;udk rarQmfvifhbJ 0rf;yef;wom
awGYjrifMu&\/ oabFmMuD;rSm awmifbufqDodkY OD;wnfckwfarmif;aeonf/ oabFmMuD;\ ukd,fxnf 0rf;jyif wckvHk;rSm
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acgif;wdkifudk aumif;pGm jrifae&onf/ oabFm0rf;jyifudk rjrifomaom tuGmta0;ü jzpf\/
]oabFmMuD;? oabFmMuD;? [m eD;eD;av; ra0;vSbl; pDtdk}
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uRefawmfu tavmwMuD; atmfum ajymonf/ uRefawmfhwGif avxD; rD;usnf wckESifh rD;eDrD;usnf wcsdKYom usef½Sdaeonfudk
þae&mwGif toHk;cs&ayrnf/
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rprf;bJ azmifatmuf Murf;jyif½Sd avxkwfonfhbm;udk prf;í vSnfhzGifh&ef MudK;pm;aeaMumif; txdwf wvefYod&onfwGif ]a[h ... bmvkyfwmvJ? 'g b,folvJ} [k qdkum vufudk zrf;qGJvkduf\/ vufudk rzrf;qGJrdaomfvnf; qwfceJ vuf½kyfvdkufolrSm uRefawmfh 0JbufwGif vJaeonfh vlrrm wyfom; armifjrifh jzpfaeonfudk
od&onf/ ]a[h ... armifjrifh? 'g bmvkyfwmvJ? tm;vHk; aoukefMuvdrhfr,f} uRefawmfuajymaomfvnf; olu bmrQ rajym? pl;pl;0g;0g;om ua,mifuwrf; atmfaeonf/olonf olYpdwfESifh oludk,f
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tjzpfESifh toHk;usvSonf/ ]rif; aemufwcg xyfvkyf&if a&xJ uefcsr,f} uRefawmfuowday; Ncdrf;ajcmufaomfvnf; olrMum;NyD/ ol bmrQ rodNy Dom jzpfawmh\/xdkaeYnfESifh aemufwaeYtul; eHeuf
oHk;em&DcefYwGif ol qHk;oGm;onf/olY tavmif;udk a&rSm csap\/ aemuf waeY rd k;vif;onfwGif nutjzpftysufonf
tdyfrufqkd;MuD; wckyrm vlwdkif;\ pdwfwGif taESmif ht,SufjzpfaeMuonf/
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 80
1956 ck/
'DZifbmv 10 &uf/
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jy&ef MudK;pm;ao;aomfvnf; vufESdyf"mwfrD;rSm ryGifhwcsuf yGifhwcsufESifh y GifhjyefvQifvnf; ydk;pkef; MuL; rD;rQyif rvif;onfh
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wpHkw&m jrif&jcif;rSm pdwfwufMuGaponf r[kwf/ pdwf"mwfudk ydkausap&ef eif;ajconfESifh wlvSawmhonf/
vlwOD; wa,muf aoqHk;onfhtcgwdkif; uRefawmfwdkYwGif 'dG[ pdwfrsm; jzpfMu&onf/ wckaom pdwfrSm aoqHk;ol twGuf
0rf;enf;aMuuGJ pdwfESifh aemuf p dwfwckrSm vlaoí a&csvkdufvQif azmifay:wGif ae&mus,f0ef;vmonf jzpfjcif;a Mumifh
vlwae&mtwGuf 0rf;ompdwfwdkY twl ,SOfwGjvsuf jzpfonf/ vlrqefonf[k qdkcsif qdkapawmh/ uRefawmfwdkY udk,fpDwGif
urÇmrD;avmif om;aumif cseif;onfh ADZpdwf? udk,frcsdaomf trdaomfvnf; om;awmfcJ [lonfh t½dki f;pdwfrsm; 0ifvmMuNyD
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usef½SdorQtm;jzifhwcsufESpfcsuf ul;oGm;NyD;rS vufESpfzufudk OD;acgif;ay: wifajrSmufumpkyfpkyfjrKyfoGm;awmh\/
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oludk,fwdkifvkyfjyEdkifcJhvQif y dkrdk ,Hk MunfpGm vufcHMurnfolrsm; jzpfMu\/
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0ifzl;rnf jzpfonf/ þESpfrsdK;vHk;udk wNydKifeufwnf; NyHKcJ c Hpm;zl;rnfawmh r[kwfyg/ þrQomteD;pyfqHk; Oyrm ay;Edkifygonf/
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jyefxgufvmygawmh\/ ]cGyf cGyf cGyf cGD; cG D; ighvcGD; aomufvdkY r&ygbl;vkdY ig ajymom;yJ xGD} uRefawmfonfcGufwGif vufusef ao;&nfrsm;udk yifv,fwGif; oGefypfvdkufNyD;?yg;pyfudkvnf; qm;ief&nfESifh yvkwf
usif;vkduf&awmhonf/ olwdkY,HkygNyD/ aemufwGif olwdkYonf ao; aomufMunfhcsifaMumif; pum;rpMuawmhacs/ vlrrm&Jabmfrsm; wa,mufNyD; wa,muf aoqHk;yHk trsdK;rs dK;ESifhaoqHk;oGm;onfudk 'ku©cHí rrSwfawmhyg/ oloGm;NyD;vQif
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uRefawmfu aemufqHk;jzpfonf/aemufqHk; uRefawmfh tvSnfhwGif a&vHk;0 r½S dawmh/ cgwdkif;uJhodkYyifwdwdusus jcifwG,fygvsuf
wcGuf aysmufoGm;onf/ wpHkwOD;onfvufqifhurf;ra0bJ ESpfcGuf aomufcJhNyD jzpfonf/ ]a[h b,fol ESpfcGuf qifhaomufvkdufovJuG} rnfolrQraomufMuyg/ udk,hf½S,f,momvQif udk,faomufMu&ygonf[k tcdkiftrmqdkMuonf/ uRefawmf ta0rSm;í vnf;aumif;
jzpfrnf/ odkYaomf uRefawmfxdknaeu a& raomuf&awmh/ uRefawmf aomuf&eftwGuf aemufwbl;udkxyfazmufrnfqdkvQif
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weHeuf ydkumcHEdkifpGrf; ½Sdrnf jzpf\/ wnae a&raomuf&onfESihf uRefawmfraoEdkifao;onfudk odjcif;aMumifh atmifhtnf;umyif
aevkduf&awmhonf/
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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 83
1956 ck/
'DZifbmv 11 &uf/
aomufa& vufusef av;bl; om½Sdawmhonf/ av;bl;onf ESpf&ufpm/
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t&mwckudk awGYonfESifh ajzMunfh&m uifr&m wvHk; jzpfaeonfudk awGY&\/ uifr&mrSm Mamia trsdK;tpm; *syefuifr&m
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jrifygapAsm/wdkYudk jrifygap/ 'DwcgwGif rjrifvQifawmh arQmfvihfcsuf uif;NyDrSmaocsmvSonf/
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aysmfap&eftwGufwGJxlrum oabFmMuD; vmaeonfudk jrifapvdkaom qEESifh xljyMuonf/
oabFmMuD;vmaeNyDudk aocsmonfESifh wNydKifeuf uRefawmf\ yxrqHk;aom vkyf&yfrSmvufusefa&bl;oHk;bl;udk tm;vHk;ukefatmif
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wusdKuf ESpfusdKuf ESpfESpf NcdKufNcdKufaomufvdkuf&onfh a&onf pdk;&drfpdwf MuD;rm;pGmESifhaomuf&onfh toufqufa&ESifh
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oabFmrSm *syef ukefoabFmMuD; jzpf\/ OD;ydkif;wGif a&;om;xm;onfh ( Esan Maru ) tDpefrm½l;[laom trnfudkyif xif½Sm;pGm
awGYjrifEdkifayNyD/ *syef oabFmom;tm;vHk;eD;yg;vdkyif OD;xdyfykdif; vuf&ef;wdkifrsm;udk rSDumuRefawmfwdkYtm; wtHhtMo
MunhfaeMuonf/ oabFmonf uRefawmfwdkYtm; ol\0Jbuf OD;wGif xm;um csdefq csOf;uyf vmonf/ oabFmay:rS ( Heaving
Line ) ac:MudK;wacsmif; ypfay;&m uRefawmfwdkY azmifay: wnfhwnfhusonf/azmifay:½Sd Adkvfoef;vGefESifh &Jabmfrsm;u qGJ,lum
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ygonfr[kwf/*syef oabFmMuD;ay:rS ypfay;onfh MudK;udk uRefawmfwdkY vlpku trdt&qkyfudkifxm;Muonf/
uRefawmfwdkYazmifonf oabFmMuD;\ 0rf;jyifESif h eD;onfxuf eD;vmaeNyD/ xkdpOfoabFmMuD;ay:½Sd *syefoabFmom;rsm;onf qlnHpGm
atmf[pfum yJhykdif;qDodkYajy;vmaeMuonf/ olwdkY rsufESmwGifvnf; xdwfvefYaom trlt&mrsm; ay:ae\/
uRefawmfu vlrrmrsm;udkjyKpkae&mrS armhMunfhvdkufonfwGif *syefrsm; xdwfvefYwMum; atmf[pfaeMujcif;\ taMumif;&if;udk
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wif;vmonfESifh trQ azmifonf oabFmESifh eD;uyfvmonfrSefaomfjim;vnf; MudK;wzufzsm;wGif ½Sdaom azmifrSm oabFmyJhydkif;qDodkY
OD;wnf csOf;uyfae\/ oabFmuvnf; t½Sde fowfí r&ao;/uRefawmf Munfhvdkuf&m oabFm yJhydkif;½S da&,ufyefumMuD;rsm;qDokdY
azmifu OD;wnf 0ifaeonfudk jrif&awmh\/ ]a[h... MudK;pudk vGwfvdkuf ... vGwfvdkuf} [k uRefawmfu tvefYwMum;atmf[pfvdkuf\/ odkYaomf rnfolurQ rvGwfMu?
rvTwfcsifMu/ oabFmMuD;onfolwdkYtm; ypfí xGufoGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaeMuonf/ ]a[h ... jrefjref vTwfvdkufMuprf;? aoukefawmhr,f} uRefawmfuxyfrH atmf[pfawmhrS Adkvfoef;vGifvnf; tEÅ&m,fudk jrifum MudK;pudkuysmu,m vGwfvdkufonf/ olYaemuf
armifat;u vTwfvdkuf\/ wyfMuyf pufatmifjrifhurl MudK;pudk rvGwfao;/ pGJNrJpGm qkyfudkifxm;qJyif jzpfonf/uRefawmfu
ajymaecsdef r&awmh/ vufpGJawmf vufESdyf"mwfrD;jzifhatmifjrifh\ vufudk wtm; ½dkufcsvdkuf&awmhonf/
atmifjrifhonfemusifpGmjzifh ]tm;} [k atmfum MudK;pu dk a,mif,rf;í vGwfvdkufawmh\/toufu,f azmifonf xdktcgusrSyif
oabFmMuD;\ ,ufr yefumrsm;rSa0;&mqDodkY xGufoGm;awmhonf/ ]aoMuawmhrvdkY enf;enf;yJ vdkawmhw,f} [k uRefawmf ajymvkduf\/ atmifjrifhvufrSmcsufcsif; zl;a&mifxvmonf/ olonf ½IHYrJh ½IHYrJ h jzpfaeonf/oabFmMuD;onf uRefawmfwdkYudk vGefí twefa0;pGm
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jyefauGYvmvdrfhr,f? Munfhae} uRefawmfajymovdkyif oabFmonf twefa0;aom ae&mü jyefvSnfh&efMudK;pm;aeonfudk jrif&rS olwdkYtm;vHk;
NyHK;Edkif&,fEdkifjzpfvmMuonf/ ]'DrSmtm;vHk; em;axmif? oabFmay:rSm tpma&pm tm;vHk;½ Sdw,f? 00vifvifpm;&awmhr,f? wdkY raoawmhbl;qdkwm
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wa,mufNyD; wa,muf wifay;? tm;vHk; ukefpifwifNyD;wJhtxd Adkvfoef;vGifu MuD;Muyf wm0ef,l? [kwfvm;} ][kwfuJh ... pDtdk}
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abmif;bDrSmrl azmifay:wGifaepOfacgif;aeylonfaMumifh cg;rScRwfum a&qGwfvsuf acgif;ay: wifxm;cJhonf/waeYvHk;
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ycHk;ay:wGif a½Tbm;wyf *smuif tusÐrSwyg; atmufydkif;wGif a½Tbm;ESifh udk,fatmufydkif;wGif (uefawmhyg&JY ) a½Tyef;E Sifh?
aygufonfh ezl;uawmh rxl;awmhNyD/tDpefrm½l; oabFmMuD;u wywfauGYí jznf;jznf;uav; 0ifvmaeNyD jzpfonf/olonf 0Jbuf
OD; tom ay;í 0ifvmaejcif;taMumif;&if;udk uRefawmf awGYvdkuf&onf/ 0Jbufab;wGif oabFmwufavSum;MuD;
csxm;jcif;aMumifh jzpf\/ omreftm;jzifh þavSum;MuD;onfyifv,fc&D;wGif oabFmay:wifxm;onf/ *syef
oabFmom;rsm;rSmvnf; oabFmwpif;vHk; ysm;yef;cyfrQ tvkyf ½Iyf Muawmh\/
uRefawmfu &Jabmfrsm;tm; aemufqHk; trdefY taejzifh ...
]uJ... tck ig oabFmay: pwufr,f? oabFmay:a&muf&if a& &r,f?tpm;taomuf&r,f? avmb wMuD; tief;r&eJY
EGm;iwfa&usa&raomufMueJY? *syefawG txif ao;oGm;r,f? bmrS rjzpfovdk ypfuepfaysmfyGJpm; xGufvmcJhovdk at;at;aq;aq;
a&aomufMu? £aNErysufapeJY[kwfvm;}
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oabFmukef;ywf xufrSuifr&mrsm;ESifh "mwfyHk ½dkuf,laeonfudk awGY&\/oabFmavSum;&if;odkY azmifuyf0ifrdonfwGif
*syefoabFmom;ESpfOD;onfavSum;xdyfrS avSum; ajc&if;odkY ajy;qif;vmMuonf/ ajy;qif; vmMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfhudk OD;pGm
wGJ,lwif&ef vufudk vSrf;ay;Muonf/
olwdkYqGJwif&onfqdkvQif &mZ0if ½kdif;awmhrnf/ a½Tbdkom;?tavmif;bk&m; OD;atmifaZ,s\ aoG;u &mZ0if½dkif;awmh
rcHEdkif/uRefawmfu vufumjyí trlt&mESifh aemufodkY qkwfcdkif;vkduf&molwdkY aMumiftrf;trf; jzpfum wHk Yqdkif;vsuf
&yfaeMu\/uRefawmfucyfwnfwnfyif atmufydkif; Avmusif;aom udk,fcEmjzifh oabFm avSum;xufvSrf;wufvdkufonf/
nmajcESifh vSrf;í b,fajcudk azmifay:rS½kwfvdkufonfwGif uRefawmfonf t½kyfMudK; jywf jzpfum acGceJ
oabFmavSum;xpfrsm;ay:wGif yHkvsuf usoGm;onf/ vuf&ef;MudK;rsm;udk udkifí xyfrHrwfwyf&yf&ef MudK;pm;onfwGif uRefawmfhwGif
ajcaxmufESpfacsmif;pvHk; r½SdawmhNyD[k c Hpm;od&onf/ uRefawmfhajcaxmufrsm;udk uRefawmf aumif;pGm jrifae&\/ odk Yaomf
cHpm;rIum;vHk;0r½SdNyD/ ajcz0g;rStp wavQmufvHk; xHkí aoaeawmhonf/
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uReffawmhftjzpfudk*syef oabFmom;rsm; jrif&onfESifh bmrQ qufrajymawmhbJ ESpfa,mufom;uRefawmfhudk wzufwcsufpD csdKif;rS
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pdwfcs&aom ae&m a&mufrS uRefawmfhudk csMu\/
uRefawmfonfoabFm eH&Habmifudk vufESifh az;xm;NyD; rwfwyf&yfvkdufonf/uRefawmfh ajcz0g;rsm;onf oabFm ukef;ywfwGif
eif;xm;onfudkjrifae&aomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ rcHpm;&/ twefMumrS ylceJ usOfceJjzpfoGm;um aoG;avQmufvmonfudk cHpm;&\/
ajcz0g;ESifh oabFmukef;ywfcdkifNrJpGm xdaeonfudk od&awmh\/
ukef;ywf avSum;xufwGifrsufrSefESifh tbdk;tkdwOD; &yfaeonf/ olY ab;ywf0ef;usifwGifoabFmt&m½SdESifh wlolrsm; 0dkif;um
uRefawmhfudk qD;MudKaeMuonf/tDpefrm½l; oabFm\ rmvdefrª; uyÜDwef ( K-yosida ) au-,dk½Sd'g; jzpfaMumif; aemufwGif od&\/
uRefawmfu ... 'Thanksyou very much for saving our lives Captain. I've some sick-men on theraft. Please send down some stretchers to carry them.' ]uRefawmfw dkYtoufudk u,fwJhtwGuf trsm;MuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f uyÜDwef? uRefawmfhazmifay:rSm vlrrmawG ½Sdaeygw,f? olwdkYudk
u,fwifzdkY vlemwifxrf;pifawGcso,fay;yg} [k ajymvdkuf\/ uyÜDwef ,dk½Sd'g;onf t&m½Sd cyf00 wa,mufwa,muf\rsufESmudk
vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ cyf00 t&m½S drSm ol\ vufaxmufyxr t&m½Sd jzpfonf/ uyÜDwef ,dk½S d'g;u t*Fvdyfpum;
aumif;pGmrajymwwf/ yxr t&m½Sdu tweftoifh ajymwwfjcif;aMumifh olu wqifhbmomjyefajym&onf/ olwdkYu olwdkYwGif
vlemwif xrf;pifr½Sdjcif;aMumifh uRefawmhfudk u,fwifouJhodkY vlESifhyifo,fwifrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjy\/ uRefawmfwdkY
pum;ajymaeMupOfyif uRefawmf\&Jabmfrsm;udk wOD;NyD; wOD; o,f,lwifaeonfudk awGY&\/oabFmukef;ywf½Sd yJhyk dif;ukefavSmifcef;
opfom;tzHk;rsm;ay:wGifvSJcsxm;onf/ uRefawmfu oabFm vuf&ef;udk rSDum atmufbufazmifqDodkYiHkMunfhNyD; uRefawmfhvlrsm;
aphraph a&wGufMunfhaeonf/Adkvfav;oef;vGif aemufqHk;rS wufvmonf/ vltm;vHk; oabFmay:a&mufNyD;aeNyD jzpfonf/
uRefawmfyg 11 a,muf/ uRefawmhfaemufausmbufqDrS ½kwf½kwfoJoJ Mum;&onf/ vSnfhMunfhvkdufonfwGif*syef oabFmom; wOD;onf opfom;pnfjywf
wckudk udkifum uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;tm; vSnfhywfajy;aejcif;udk awGY&\/ olYtm;vnf; tjcm;oabFmom;rsm;u *syefvdk
vSrf;atmfajymMuonf/ olonf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS aeumopfom; a&rIwfwvufjzifh uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm;udk vSrf;ay;ae\/jzpf&yfrSm
uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm;onf tirf;r&a&pnfydkif;jywfudk wdk;a0SYaomufaejcif;aMumifh ol vefYí0dkif;MuD;ywfywfvnfum ajy;aejcif;
jzpfonf/ ]a[haumifawGig ajymxm;om;yJ? rif;wdkY raoygbl;qdkrS jznf;jznf;aomufMuyg? [kd *syefvefYNyD; vSnfhywfajy;aewmuG? rif;wdkYudk
rwdkufcsifvdkY r[kwfbl;} uRefawmfu a'gojzifh atmfvdkufonfwGifrS tm;vHk; £aNE&oGm;Muonf/ yxr t&m½Sdu bmjzpfonfudk odcsifí uRefawmfhtm;
'What happen, What happen' [k uRefawmfhudk ar;aeonf/ uRefawmfu yxr t&m½Sdtm; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ... ]uRefawmfhudk a&wcGufavmuf aus;Zl;jyKygOD;} [k awmif;&onf/ t&m½Sdvnf; owd&um Yes, Yes, Yes [kqdkNyD;oabFmom;rsm;qDodkY vSrf;atmfvdkuf&m zefcGufwckESifh tjynfhaomufa& ,lvmay;onf/ uRefawmfu aomufa&udk
twefMum tcsdef,líaomufvkdufonfwGifrS vlrSm vef;qef; tm;jynfhvmonf/ a&wcGuf\ wefcdk; owÅdonf MuD;vSygay\/ NyD;rS uyÜDwef au,dk½Sd'g; bufodkY vSnfhum tav;jyKvkdufNyD; .... ]uRefawmfwdkYa&wyfoabFmwpif;u t&m½SdeJY &JabmfawGyg? uRefawmfwdkYoabFm[m rkefwdkif;rdNyD; Edk0ifbmv 29 &ufaeYu ysufqD;
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r&awmhyg/ uRefawmfwdkYazmifudk q,f,l&½Sdonfh ae&m\ vufwDusKESifh avmif*sDusK udkowif;ydkYay;rnf/ &efukefodkY taMumif;Mum;
ay;rnf[k qdkonf/xdkYaemuf olu uRefawmfwdkY\ azmifudk oabFmay:wGif wifaqmif,lvmvdkygao;ovm; [k ar;jref;&m
uRefawmfu ,lvdkaMumif; ajymonfESifh0efcsDpufrsm;jzifh wif,lapcJhonf/ uRefawmfhazmif oabFmay:a&mufonfwGif aea&mifonf
vHk;0aysmufuG,fum tarSmifxkonfyifv,fjyifwGif oufqif;usa&mufvmNyD jzpfawmhownf;/
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7/
tDpefrm½l;/
( &efukef-pifumyl c&D;pOf )/
tDpefrm½l; oabFmonf ta½SYzsm; c&D;pOfwGif umvuwÅm;rS &efukefodkYtvmü vrf;c&D;wGif aMu;eef; owif; wck zrf;rd &½Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm wyfrawmfa&wyfrS uif;vSnfh a&,mOfwpif; jrefrmhyifv,fjyifwGif aysmufqHk;aeonfhtwGuf
,if;yifv,fjyif w0dkufwGif oGm;vmaeMuonfh ukef oabFmrsm;u owdjyK ½SmazGay;&ef jzpfonf/
xdkowif;udk &onfwGif olwdkYonf jrefrmh a&jyifydkifeuf 0ifonfESifh owdjyK Munfh½IcJhonf/ &efukefa&mufonftxd bmrQ rawGY/
&efukef qdyfurf;0ifNyD; qefwifMuonf/
qefwifNyD;aemuf &efukefrS pifumylodkY c&D;qufcJhMu\/ tDpefrm½l; oabFmMuD;rSm 'kwd, urÇmppftwGif;u wnfaqmufcJhMuonfh
oabFmtdkMuD;om jzpfon f/ a&rd kifEIef; 6 rdkifomvQif &½Sdonf/ &efukef pifumylc&D;wGif aysmufqHk;aeonfh wdkufa&,mOf
taMumif;udk vHk;0 owd r&awmh/ arhavsmh aeMuNyD jzpfonf/ pifumylodkYom wtdtd ckwfarmif;aeonf/
nae av;em&DrS ½Spfem&Dwdkifxd tcsdefonf yifv,fjyifoGm; oabFmrsm;wGif ( Chief Officer ) yxr t&m½Sd\ wm0efcsdef
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