Warm Up 3/20
What is the relationship between labor unions and immigrants in the early 1900s?
US HISTORY
Goal 6
Reasons for Imperialism
Imperialism- stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories
Reasons Desire for military strength
Alfred Mahan- US admiral in navy- build navy to compete with other nations
Modern battleships- Maine and Oregon New markets for US goods
US needed raw materials for its’ factories US needed markets for its’ agricultural and manufacturing products
Belief in cultural superiority Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest; racial superiority of Anglo-
Saxons Religious Purposes
Spread Christianity
Purchase of Alaska
Secretary of State William Seward Buy Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million Become known as Seward’s Folly-
thought buying Alaska was silly Alaska will be rich in natural resources
Oil, gas, etc Will be a good deal
Alaska become 49th state in 1959
Annexation of Hawaii
Hawaii US takes Midway Islands in 1867 Americans had been using Hawaii since 1790s American sugar plantations grow rapidly ( 3/4 of
islands wealth) US imposes tariffs on its’ territories (McKinley Tariff of
1890) American sugar plantations cry for annexation 1887- US starts to use Pearl Harbor as a naval base 1897- President Cleveland and Congress proclaim
Hawaii a territory 1959- Hawaii becomes 50th state
Interest In Cuba
US supported Cuban rebellions in 1868 and 1878 1895- Cuba revolts under Jose Marti 1896- Spain sends Valeriano Weyler to end revolt Around 300,000 Cubans put in concentration camps William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer use yellow
journalism to create exaggerated accounts of the conditions in the concentration camps to create sympathy for Cuban people
Creates war fever in America Spain gives in a little- give Cuba limited self-government De Lome Letter- letter stolen by Cuban rebel that criticized
President McKinley as weak. USS Maine sent to Cuba to bring home American citizens. The
USS Maine blew up. Spain was blamed.
Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
Yellow Journalism
The use of stories that are exaggerated and used to build war fever
War with Spain
War declared on April 20, 1898 US invades Philippines and destroys the
Spanish fleet (navy) Spain will surrender the Philippines in August Set up a blockade of Cuba Rough Riders- group of volunteer cavalry led
by Theodore Roosevelt San Juan Hill- US troops defeated Spanish
and forced them to flee US will invade Puerto Rico in July
The Rough Riders
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Peace terms Spain frees Cuba Spain gives Guam and Puerto Rico to the US Spain sells Philippines to US for $20 million
Debate over Philippines Yes- McKinley said “educate the Filipinos and uplift and
Christianize them.”- Social Darwinism No
Booker T Washington- take care of problems in US Samuel Gompers- argued that Filipinos would compete for jobs
US Senate will ratify the Treaty of Paris U.S. becomes an imperial Power
What will happen to new territories?
Puerto Rico Immediately after Spanish-American War,
Puerto Rico was under military rule. Foraker Act- end military rule
President of US appoints Governor of Puerto Rico and members of its’ upper house of legislatures
Puerto Ricans elect lower house of legislatures 1917- US gives Puerto Ricans full citizenship
rights and the right to elect both houses of government
Cuba
After war, US military had a big presence in Cuba Gave food and clothing, helped farmers, and
organized elementary schools 1900- Cuba writes its’ own constitution US add Platt Amendment to their constitution
Cuba could not make treaty that would allow foreigners to control any part of Cuba
The US had the right to intervene in Cuba The US could buy or lease land for naval bases
Cuba becomes a US protectorate ( a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power)
US Interest in Panama
US will want to build a canal in Panama Canal would make shipping to Asian
markets faster Construction will start in 1903 and finish in
1914 US will control it until 1977 Today- owned and operated by the
government of Panama
The Panama Canal
US Interest in China
European countries already set up spheres of influence in China
Sphere of Influence- areas where each country claimed rights and economic privileges
US feared they would be shut out John Hay- US Secretary of State Wrote Open Door notes- letters to leaders
of other nations proposing they share trading rights with the US
Other powers accept policy
China Cont.
Boxer Rebellion- group that resented foreign influence in China
Boxers killed missionaries and foreigners International forces will put down rebellion John Hay- write a second series of Open Door
notes Notes reflect US beliefs
Growth of US depended on exports US had a right to intervene to keep foreign markets
open Closing of areas to Americans threatened US survival
The Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay Give all nations equal access to
trade in China Guaranteed that China would NOT be
take over by any one foreign power
America as a Pacific Power
Reactions to Imperialism
Filipino Revolt Led by Emilio Aguinaldo Filipinos forced to live in designated zones
that were filled with starvation and poor sanitation
Took more than 3 years to put down rebellion Aftermath- US set up a government like the
one set up in Puerto Rico Philippines become independent on July 4,
1946
Reactions Cont.
Mexican Rebellion Under President Wilson, US will intervene
when Mexico is struggling with setting up a new government
Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata will fight against US
Zapata- “It is better to die on your feet than live on your knees.”
Eventually US will back down and avoid war with Mexico because of larger war looming- World War I
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders.
Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.
The American Anti-Imperialist league
Teddy Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Took office in 1901- after McKinley was
assassinated Had Panama Canal built- benefit US navy
and shipping Roosevelt Corollary- addition to Monroe
Doctrine where Roosevelt said European countries could not intervene in affairs in Western Hemisphere but the US could
Big Stick Policy- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick
Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Taft and Wilson
Taft Dollar diplomacy- US will invest money in
foreign countries US government guaranteed loans made by
American businesses to foreign countries Wilson
Missionary or Moral Diplomacy US had moral responsibility to deny any Latin
American government that the US viewed as oppressive or undemocratic, or hostile to US interests
Lead to the US involvement in Mexico
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