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Developing
Warm Mix Asphalt
For Airports
Greg WhiteTechnical Manager Airports
0400 218 048
Australian Asphalt Pavement Association
15thInternational Flexible Pavements Conference
Brisbane 22-25 September 2013
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Scope
Background
What is Warm Mix Asphalt?
Advantages and Benefits
Common Technologies
Historical Usage
Australian Airport Experience
The Future Conclusions
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Background
Warm Mix Asphalt is an alternate to Hot Mix Asphalt
100 or so asphalt surfaced airports in Australia
Generally 50-60 mm of nominal 14 mm HMA Current demand of around 100,000 tonnes per year
Owners desire technically sound solutions that are:
Environmentally sustainable
Safe
AIM: To demonstrate WMA is a technically viable airport
surfacing solution worthy of a performance trial
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What is Warm Mix Asphalt?
HMA is manufactured at around 160-180C
WMA is manufactured at around 130-150C
Lowers the viscosity of the binder Temporary
Return to normal at around 100C
No change to other parameters
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Plant & Equipment for HMA
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Plant & Equipment for WMA
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Advantages and Benefits
Environmental
Significant CO2reduction during manufacture
Reduced fuel burn Compatibility with RAP allows reuse of binder/stone
Health and Safety
Reduction in fumes for workers and supervisors
Reduced odour for any nearby residents / observers
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Advantages and Benefits
Quality
Reduced binder aging during production
Increased binder life (based on aging over time) Flexibility
Reduced rates of cooling
Increased haul times and distances
Rapid return to service in thick / multiple layers
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Common Technologies
Chemical Additives
Cecabase
Organic Additives Sasobit
Foamed Bitumen
Astec Double Barrel Green
Two Stage Processes
Low Energy Asphalt and WAM Foam
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Common Technologies
Chemical Additives
Cecabase
Organic Additives Sasobit
Foamed Bitumen
Astec Double Barrel Green
Two Stage Processes
Low Energy Asphalt and WAM Foam
Warm Mix Asphaltfor Airports
COMMONLY AVAILABLEIN AUSTRALIA
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Airports versus Roads
Wheel Loads (3 tonnes versus 30 tonnes per wheel)
Tyre Pressure (800 kPa versus 1600 kPa)
Asphalt surface (grooved with high binder content) Groove closure
Slow moving
High temperature
Early life
Direct parallel to grooves
Turning
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Warm Mix Asphalt
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International Usage
First developed in Germany in 1990s
Europe
Hamburg, Frankfurt, Munich Airports in Germany Cambridge Airport in the UK
Defence Airfield in Norway
Northern America
Boston-Logan Airport
US Air Force Base in Alaska
Johannesburg Airport in South Africa
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Trans-Tasman Airport Experience
Christchurch Airport in NZ
Various taxiway and runway trials since 2008
Up to 110 mm thick patches Barrow Island Airport (14,000 tonnes) (2012)
Overnight deep reconstruction on taxiways
Retained for much of the surface layer
Adelaide Airport Repairs (2013)
Deep patches overnight
PERCEIVED RISKS HAVE MEANT LITTLE AIRPORT USE
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Adelaide Airport Patches
Two by 75 mm layers and 50 mm surface
Nominal 14 mm HMA with A35P binder
Performed from 2230 to 0430
Trafficked by A330 at 0600
6-10 mm ruts after one movement
Still very warm to touch
Corrected during the day by steel drum rolling
Subsequent repairs with Double Barrel Green WMA
No reoccurrence of the rutting
No discernible difference between WMA and HMA
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Adelaide Airport Patches
Warm Mix Asphaltfor Airports
!"#$%"&' (#& *+, -."/ *+, 0$%1+21.3#4
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Barrow Island Airport
Deep reconstruction, correction and 50 mm surfacing
20 mm, 14 mm and 10 mm WMA and HMA
Deep reconstruction overnight and trafficked at 0700 No significant difference in Production Testing data
Moisture content well below specification limit
Relative densities almost identical
Flow and Stability indistinguishable
WMA reduced fumes and increased workability
Maintained for 14 mm surface layer
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Barrow Island Airport
Warm Mix Asphaltfor Airports
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EF // G#/+4.9 HF // G#/+4.9
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The Future
International usage is significant although
Different binders
Different design approach (thicker asphalt) Adelaide and Barrow Island Airports
Virtually no detectable difference in production results
Improved performance under early heaving traffic
Appropriate time for a detailed trial
Grooved surface in a turning area
Monitored (including coring) side-by-side HMA
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Conclusions
WMA is a viable alternate to HMA for Australian Airports
Environmental, Safety, Quality and Flexibility advantages
Adelaide and Barrow Island Airports provide limited data
A grooved surface trial in a turning trafficked area
Asphalt performance testing
Medium-term coring and performance testing
Occurred 20-21 September 2013 at RAAF Amberley
Specification changes (typically 24 pages long)
Production and paving temperature limits (4)
Temperature limits for hot and warm joints (3)
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TWO MOBILE PLANTS WORKING SIMULTANEOUSLY AT BRISBANE AIRPORT 201
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