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SWSINVH f, AW VJ\/I{OJNV CNDIVW
MAKING AUTOMATA MECHANISMS
FAR LEFT: The crankshafttutlxs the crank pin, whichraises and lowers the
weighted rod, backwardandforutard, within a
fixed slotted beaing. Thisis called a crank slider.
The crank has conoertedrotating motion intorecilsrocating moion.The amount of tterticalmooement can be seen.
FAR LEFT: The rod at itshighest point is moaingwithin a fixed circularbearing.
There is less lateralmoaement in the circularbearing than in the slottedbearing.
tft dorred bearing version, in an openmbos uithout a base, the rod rides, upfirn. rr-idrin the slot. It is a fairly vigor-Lrrmerrng movement.bcircular bearing version confines thed mt-rdon to a gende nodding. TheE rrarelled and the height gained bymd are exactlv the same as with therdbeanng. The amount of play within
the circular bearing determines the degreeoflateral action.The third version of the crank slider allowsfor experimentation with the use of pegs.The lower the pegs are placed on the pegboard, the greater the side-to-side move-ment. This version combines the actionsoffered by the other two and, at its mostactive, evokes the image of a boat bobbing
85
MAKING AUTOMATA MECHANISMS
As the red leoer is downthe crank beneath is up.While the blue leoer is up,the crank belozp is down.
It can be seen that the
crank merely follows therotation of the handle.As the red lezter is up thecrank beneath is down.Wlrile the blue leaer is
down the crank below
is rp.
Strings or wires are looped looselyaround the crank pins, to allow the pullingup and lowering of weighted levers. If thecranks are offset from each other they canoperate in alternating rhythm.
The most impoftant thing to rememboin making crankshafts is that it is essential udetermine the throw of a crank. This is thrdiameter of *re path it travels in one revoftrtion. Unless you allow for this, ttre mechanism may jam in the bearings box, owhatever device you employ to house 6tcrankshaft. For example, *re dimensions sthe cranks in Plan 5 are not designed uwork with front and back panels, since fttbox is open. With a closed box, the depdrothe box would need to be wider, or 6lcranks smaller.
Making a Double Crankshaft1. Cut a long dowel D, the complete lengil
of the shaft on Plan 5. Cut two shfildowels C, and one for the handle F.
2. Cv five lengths of 5 x 1Omm (%ux'/sd,stripwood, as indicated, for the cratrkB. Drill holes in them to accommdaudowels C, D and F.
3. Position the two cranks, as on the pl4with the shaft, as yet uncut, runniqthrough them with a tight friction ftThis is best done working on a grid,graph paper or calibrated cutting mar nis important to build the crankshaft ar
truly square as possible. Acetate or ce$
lophane are good materials to work oa"
They allow both transparency and protection of the grid's surface from excesrglue.
4. Glue and insert the crank pins C intothe top and bottom of the two cranks Band the dowel handle F, into drtremaining crank B.
5. The left-hand part of the shaft D(coloured red) can be glued into thecranks B. The blue part, however, mrdbe left unglued and detachable to fitinto the bearings box. A tight friction ftis essential here, as otherwise slippagrcould occur.
6. The handle assembly B/F is now gluedmthe shaft D, square to the cranks. Vhemthe crankshaft is completely dry, the trruredundant parts that have been holrting
88
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96
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MAKING AUTOMATA MECHANISMS
(.
ABovE: Testing lezters can be simply done by using cut-out card and pins.
A shows a pear-shaped cam, which produces much the same perforunance
fur the leaer as B, the eccentric disc, does for its leter. By experimenting
oith the pin holes, you can quickly and cheaply test the best positions foryour mechanism.
ltBow RIGHT: The slotted lezLer's positiae contact with the crank pin does
ut depend on gratity, but mooes within its restricted channel.
Restricted and LJnrestrictedI-versThe essential thing to remember when mak-irg levers is to construct their pivot points so
ttat when the piece is moved or handled,fte levers do not fall out of position. If youre using a pivot block in which to house thelever, ensure that the slot is deep enough toallow freedom of action, but not so deep-'^t it does not act as a stop to prevent thelwer from flying offthe crank pin.
The advantage of the restricted, slottedlever is that, with or without a pivot block,
the path of the lever is always controlledwithin its channel.
Making Sbtted and Plain Levers
l. Cut out the lever support block A, from20mm ('%uin) batten, and drill holes as
indicated on Plan 15.
2. Cut two thin dowel pins and glue these
into the two small holes in the lever sup-port block A.
3. Cut out the short pivot block B. Drillholes for the support peg and spindle I.Cut out the slot for the lever.
The performance is
similar to the cranhshaft'sstring-operate d'no ddingdonkey', although here
it is driaen within itsrestricted Limit.
107
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