Vehicular Pollution at
Indore city
Dr. Gunwant JoshiScientist
M.P.Pollution Control BoardIndore
What is Pollution Pollution is undesirable change in the quality of our Environment (Land, Water & Air) that adversely affects Human Life, Our Property, Trade & Commerce, Industries and the Life of the Desired Species of Plants and Animals
DefinesAir Pollutants : Solids, Liquids, or Gas ( including Noise) present in Atmosphere in such concentrations as may be, or tend to be injurious to humans, other living creatures, plants, property or the environment.
Air Pollution : Presence of Pollutants in Atmosphere
Vehicular Pollution is caused by
1.Emissions from Vehicle tail pipes
2. Crank Case emissions
3. Fugitive emissions from fuel tanks
Automobile Pollutants
Source / Pollutants SPM SO2 NOx CO HC Lead
Petrol Automobile - ++ ++ ++++ ++++ +++
Diesel Automobile +++ ++ ++++ - - -
++ ++ + ++ ++ -
Bio-Gas - - - + - -LPG - - + - - -
Environmental Fact-Sheet of Thermal Power Plant at
Talcher(200MW) Oxygen:25,000 MT; Coal : 9,000 MT; Water: 1,10,000 M3
Carbon di Oxide : 50,000 MT, Nitrous Oxide : 9000 Kg
Sulfur di Oxide : 270 Kg, Fly Ash Slurry : 3500 MTLead : 208 Kg, Zinc : 56 Kg , Nickel : 56.5Kg, Cobalt :112 Kg
Cadmium : 51 Kg, Copper : 45 Kg, Chromium : 60.6 Kg Uranium : 4.6 Kg, Thorium : 16.5 Kg
The Effects of Various Air Pollutants
The Effects of Various Air Pollutants The Cause The Effects
Suspended Particulate Matter [SPM and PM 10]
Adverse effect on the Respiratory System, Visibility & Standing Crops. Corrosion of Metals, Inconvenience and Annoyance
Oxides of Sulfur [ SO2 ]
Suffocation and Adverse effects on Upper Respiratory Tract, Acute & Chronic injury to Plants leaves, Corrosion of Metals,Acid Rains.
Hydrocarbons Carcinogenic, Adverse effect on plants, Causes Smog [ PAN with NOx ]
Oxides of Nitrogen [ NOx ]
Irritation of Eyes and Nose, Damage to Plant leaves, Corrosion of Metals, Acid Rain, Smog
Carbon Monoxide [CO]
Causes headache, Dizziness, Nausia, Competes with Oxygen in Respiratory Metabolism
The Effects of Various Air Pollutants
The Effects of Various Air Pollutants The Cause The Effects
Oxidants eg.[Ozone]
Disturbs lung Function, Induces coughing. Irritation of Eyes, Nose & Throat. Discolors Leaves and Objects. Forms Smog.
Hydrogen Fluorides [HF]
Respiratory diseases, General irritation.
Hydrogen Sulfides [H2s]
Odor nuisance, Irritation of Respiratory system.
Chlorine [ Cl2 ]
Irritation of Eyes and Nose and respiratory system. Respiratory Diseases
Lead [Pb] Carcinogenic, Effects CNS, Causes impotency. Causes Mental retardation.
Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over
Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over 1
Occurrence Time Location Excess DeathsDecember,1930 Meuse Valley, Belgium 63 Humans
& Most Cattle
October,1948 Donora, Pennsylvania, USA >20
November,1950 Pozarica, Mexico >22
December,1952 London, United Kingdom 400
November,1953 New York, USA 220
January, 1956 London, United Kingdom 1,000
December, 1957 London, United Kingdom 750
December, 1962 London, United Kingdom 700
December, 1963 New York, USA 300
December, 1966 New York, USA >168
Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over
Major Air Pollution Episodes World Over 2
Occurrence Time
Location Excess Deaths
December,1984 Bhopal, India 3000+
1991 - 1992 Gulf War, Middle East Not Known
December, 1994 Cheng Quinn, China Not Known
November, 1997 Manila, Philippines >300+
December, 1998 Mexico City, Mexico >138+
September,2001 WTC Tower,New York 350+
November,2001 Afghanistan,War on Terrorism Not Known
The Effects of Various Air Pollutants
The Ambient Air Pollution and Related Unnatural Deaths in Cities
CITY TSPM [ g/m3] CONDITION UNNATURAL DEATHS
1991-93 1995
STATUS
Kolkata 344 Critical 5,726 10,646 +
Delhi 410 Critical 7,491 9,359 +
Mumbai 246 Critical 4,477 7,043 +
Chennai 241 High 863 1,299 +
Kanpur 470 Critical 1,894 3,639 +Ahmedabad 268 Critical 2,979 3,006 +
Hyderabad 179 High 768 1,961 +
Patana 330 Critical 725 1,182 +
Moderate = 71 to 140, High = 141 to 210, and Critical = >210
The Effects of Various Air Pollutants
The Ambient Air Pollution and Related Unnatural Deaths in Cities
CITY TSPM [ g/m3] CONDITION UNNATURAL DEATHS
1991-93 1995
STATUS
Nagpur 186 High 506 607 +
Shimla 142 High 32 25 +
Banglore 147 High 254 254 +/-
Kota 241 Critical 209 364 +
Kochhi 113 Moderate 146 146 +/-
Bhopal 263 Critical 663 653 -
Indore 388 Critical 1341 1527 +
Jamshedpur 118 Moderate 118 158 +
Moderate = 71 to 140, High = 141 to 210, and Critical = >210
Air Quality Monitoring Sites at Indore City
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Sites at Indore City
Percentage exceedence of observed values at Indore city
Over the Prescribed values
Percentage Exceedence of Observed values at Indore City Over the Prescribed Limits
Locality [Limits] TSPM[ mean range ]
PM10 [ mean range]
SO2 & Nox[ mean range]
Telephone Nagar [Residential]
[ TSPM : 200 g/m3] [ PM10 : 100 g/m3]
[ SO2 and NoX : 80 g/m3 ]
88.6[253 - 406]
98.0[177 - 347]
Well within Limits
Kothari Market [Commercial]
[ TSPM : 200 g/m3] [ PM10 : 100 g/m3]
[ SO2 and NoX : 80 g/m3 ]
95.0[327 - 579]
98.5[308 - 492]
Well within Limits
Pologround [Industrial]
[ TSPM : 500 g/m3] [ PM10 : 150 g/m3]
[ SO2 and NoX : 120 g/m3 ]
56.4[458 - 635]
97.0[360 - 529]
Well within Limits
Pollution Status of Suspended Particulates in Residential Area
Pollution Status of Suspended Particulates in Residential Area
Parameter [Limits]
Status Concentration [ in g/m3 ]
Percentage of the ValuesObserved
Total Suspended Particulate Matter[ TSPM : 200 g/m3]
LowModerate High Critical
00 to 7071 to 140141 to 210
>210
0.31 Percent 3.39 Percent 9.70 Percent 86.6 Percent
Respirable Dust or PM10
[ PM10 : 100 g/m3]
LowModerate High Critical
00 to 3031 to 6061 to 90
>91
0.02 Percent 0.32 Percent 0.56 Percent 99.1 Percent
Pulse Milling Areas at Indore City
Pulse Milling Areas at Indore City
Air Quality Monitoring Sites at Indore City
Emission Monitoring Activity
Public Awareness CampaignPublic Awareness Campaign
public Awareness CampaignPublic Awareness Campaign
Traffic on some important City Roads
Traffic on some important City Roads
Name of Road
Place Road
Width
Capacity
(P.C.U.)
Actual Road
Traffic(PCU)
A.B. Road DIG Banglow 12 (m) 4,000 7,200Sanwer Road Banganga 07 (m) 2,000 3,300M.G. Road High-Court 10 (m) 3,000 5,200Jawahar Mrg. Gurudwara 07 (m) 2,000 5,100Subhash Mrg. Smruti Cinema 07 (m) 2,000 4,900Sawarkar Mrg. University 07 (m) 2,000 4,500Khandwa Road Rajbada 07 (m) 2,000 7,300Bhanwar Kua Sindhi Colony 10 (m) 3,000 8,000Imli Bazar Road Shiv Vilas Place 07 (m) 2,000 4,600
1997,Road Side Ambient Air Quality
Road Side Ambient Air Quality (g/m3)Locality Time
M/N/E
Time(minuets)
PM10 TSPMOBSERVED
TSPMEQUATED24Hrs.
Palasia Square M 110 369.88 1425.88 621.5
Palasia Square N 106 225.49 1281.83 608.5
Palasia Square E 85 150.70 1207.04 588.78
Gandhi Pratima M 224 709.19 4531.47 886.7
Palika Square M 178 193.78 962.14 605.32
Kothari Market E 71 1496.3 5021.08 775.2
Nagar Nigam Square E 51 1472.1 766.66 806.87
Rajbada E 148 3783.4 5394.75 789.07
Subhash Pratima E 139 2476.2 3584.3 847.41
Patel Pratima M 100 824.83 2091.43 661.69
Bambai Bazar E 129 596.49 1868.41 672.65
1998-99,Road Side Ambient Air Quality
Road Side Ambient Air QualityLocality TSPM
[TSPM : 200 g/m3] PM10
[ PM10 : 100 g/m3]
Khajrana Chauki 529.9 95.06
Vijay Nagar Chauki 610.13 90.65
Palasia Square 907.50 401.72
Chhavani 1157.60 322.34
University Campus 698.51 164.26
Marimata Square 992.18 130.87
Laxmibai Nagar 1470.14 249.99
Kalani Nagar 1187.79 194.28
Sethi Gate 916.42 115.9
Cancan Nagar 1493.05 649.92
CAT Campus 953.45 39.78
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
National Ambient Air Quality StandardsName of the
PollutantTime
weighted Average
IndustrialAreas
Residential,Rural & Other Areas
Sensitive Area
Sulfur di Oxide (SO2)
Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**
80 g/m3
100 g/m3
60 g/m3
80 g/m315 g/m3
30 g/m3
Oxides ofNitrogen (NOx)
Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**
80 g/m3
100 g/m3
60 g/m3
80 g/m315 g/m3
30 g/m3
Total SuspendedParticulate matter (TSPM)
Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**
360 g/m3
500 g/m3
140 g/m3
200 g/m370 g/m3
100 g/m3
Respirable Dust ( RPM or PM10 )
Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**
120 g/m3
150 g/m3
60 g/m3
100 g/m3 50 g/m3
75 g/m3
Lead (Pb) Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**
1.0 g/m3
1.5 g/m3
0.75 g/m3
1.0 g/m30.5 g/m3
0.75 g/m3
Carbon Monoxide(CO)
Annual Avg.*24 hrs. Avg.**
100 g/m3
100 g/m3
100 g/m3
100 g/m3100 g/m3
100 g/m3
Concentrations in mg/m3
*Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in year twice a week, 24 hourly** 24 hrs. hourly / 8 hourly values shall be met 98 % time in year. Only 2 % of time it may exceed the prescribed values but not on two consecutive days
Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel&Petrol
Vehicles]
Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel & Petrol Vehicles]
Vehicular Pollution status at Indore City [Diesel&Petrol
Vehicles]
Vehicular Pollution status at Indore City [Diesel & Petrol Vehicles]
Parameter 1970 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 2 & 3 Wheel (Petrol Driven)
4 Wheel (Petrol and Diesel Driven) L M V
4 Wheel+ (Diesel Driven ) M M V and H M V
3,350
3,200
1,350
26,256
9,222
8,237
1,52,211
23,220
16,152
2,26,486
40,719
26,593
2,49,847
49,700
30,827
2,75,847
42,498
56,988
3,39,325
43,577
57,913
Total Number ofAutomobiles
Number Checked
7,900
---
43,715
---
1,91,583
320
3,00,738
1,680
3,37,314
2,042
3,75,046
3,176
4,44,815
2,034
Polluting Vehicles
Emission Load
--- %
6.72
--- %
13.05
63 %
137.17
58 %
228.90
53 %
259.73
42 %
291.46
35 %
331.9
Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel Vehicles]
Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel Vehicles]
Smoke – density test Results [H.S.U.]Category Sample <60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-95 >95
Private 846(100%)
163(19.3%)
122(14.5%)
357(42.1%)
189(22.3%)
12(1.4%)
03(0.35%)
Govt. 122(100%)
22(18.0%)
00(0.0%)
12(9.83%)
22(22.0%)
12(9.83%)
54(44.3%)
Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Diesel Vehicles]
Vehicular emission status at Indore City [Petrol Vehicles]
CO Emission Test ResultsCategory Sample <3.0% 4-5 % 5-6 % 6-7 % 7-8 % 8-10 %
Private 339(100%)
163(48.1%)
28(8.2%)
64(18.8%)
38(11.2%)
07(2.1%)
09(2.65%)
Govt. 055(100%)
29(52.7%)
03(5.45%)
03(5.45%)
04(7.2%)
07(12.7%)
09(16.4%)
in g/m3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2 WheelAutoL. Auto4 Wheel
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
PetrolVehicles
Tempo4 WheelL. MetadoreMini Bus
Seasonal Changes in SPM Concentration
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91
Rain Winter Summer Rain Winter Summer
SPM
in m
icro
gram
/m3
Telephone Ngr. Kothari Market Pologround
Seasonal Changes in SPM Concentration
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89
PologroundKothari MarketTelephone Ngr.
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